DE29500811U1 - Earth compactor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a soil compactor according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Such soil compactors usually consist of a two-part housing with an upper and a lower part and can be connected to the tool handle/boom of an excavator, for example, via a quick-change device.

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The upper and lower parts of the housing are connected to one another via damping elements that compensate for movements and vibrations of the lower part relative to the upper part. The lower part has a base plate that acts on the soil to be compacted during operation.

A hydraulic motor is provided in the lower part, which drives an unbalanced flywheel in the lower part. When this flywheel rotates, the lower part is moved up and down in relation to the upper part due to the unbalance of the vibrating disk in relation to the upper part, so that the soil under the base plate of the lower part is increasingly compacted.

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The mechanical system of the boom and the tool handle of the excavator moves the soil compactor over the soil to be compacted during operation. The aim is to keep the soil compactor in a predetermined position above the soil. A travel limiting device is provided so that the excavator does not apply too much load to the soil compactor via its tool handle and boom and thereby compress the damping means so that relative movement of the lower part to the upper part is no longer possible. This also prevents the damping means from being destroyed. This

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The travel limiting device consists of a stop lug in the upper part of the housing, which interacts with a stop plate in the lower part.

If the earth compactor is to be used in a different location, for example in a trench in which pipes are being laid, the earth compactor is lifted by the excavator using the tool handle/boom, swiveled, moved by the excavator and lowered into the trench by changing the mechanics of the tool handle and the boom and can then be used in the trench to compact soil during canal and pipeline construction. In canal and pipeline construction, the simple handling of the earth compactor with the excavator, as described above, proves to be advantageous.

However, the known earth compactor has the disadvantage that it is very prone to failure. In particular, the damping elements are severely affected during operation and represent a weak point in the system. Furthermore, the damping properties of the earth compactor are not satisfactory, so that further damage, such as hairline cracks in the housing of the earth compactor, occurs as a result of the poor damping.

The invention is based on the object of developing a soil compactor according to the type specified in the preamble of the claim in such a way that the service life is increased and the susceptibility to failure is reduced while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1 in conjunction with its preamble features.

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The invention is based on the knowledge that the damping means must be protected not only in the event of a relative movement of the lower part towards the upper part - pressure movement - by limiting this relative movement, but also in the opposite direction, so that the service life of the earth compactor is significantly increased. During operation, for example, the base plate occasionally jams in the trench or the base plate is covered with soil and thus loaded with additional weight so that when the earth compactor is lifted, the damping means are stressed beyond the normal level. If they are not damaged immediately, they will quickly tire as a result of this excessive strain and become inoperable.

According to the invention, the damping means are now protected in a simple manner by the travel limiting device against overload during both the push movement and the pull movement. The travel limiting device limits the relative movement of the lower part not only in the direction towards the upper part, but now also in the direction away from the upper part.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the travel limiting device is also provided with damping means. This ensures that there is no sudden braking of the relative movement when the maximum stroke of the lower part is reached, but rather a dampened braking, which further reduces the load on the parts of the earth compactor and thus further increases the service life of the earth compactor.

It is advantageous that the travel limiting device has at least one stop axis which is arranged in the upper part or lower part

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and interacts with a stop for the push movement and a stop for the pull movement in the lower part and upper part respectively. Above all, the two stops for the push movement and the pull movement are formed by a piece of pipe into which the stop axis engages at least in part.

It is then advisable for the area of the stop axis that interacts with the stops to be provided with the damping means of the travel limiting device. The damping means are easy to install, for example if they are ring-shaped and placed on the stop axis.

A high level of stability of the soil compactor is achieved by the fact that the lower part has two stop axes, which engage with their two ends in the pipe sections of the upper part that form stops.

The damping elements between the upper and lower parts are designed as strips that preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the lower part. This optimizes the damping, makes it more difficult to place a limit load on the damping elements and enables easy installation. In particular, these strips are rectangular in cross-section.

Furthermore, the strips between the upper and lower sections are angled to specifically adjust the stiffness of the damping means, which improves the load-bearing capacity and the effectiveness of the damping means and thus also the service life of the earth compactor. The angled position of the damping means is adjusted in terms of its

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vertical deformability is stiffer because compressive and shear forces now act on the damping agent.

Depending on the impact force and/or the desired maximum movement of the lower part, the damping means are positioned more or less obliquely in relation to the force introduction, i.e. the maximum vibration amplitude of the lower part and the damping behavior can be influenced by the inclination.

There are earth compactors of this type that have a rotating mechanism between a connecting part for the mechanics of the excavator and the upper part of the housing, whereby this rotating mechanism is provided with a plain bearing that interacts with other damping means. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the surfaces of the plain bearing that lie on top of one another are made of metal. This makes it easier to rotate the housing relative to the connecting part even under difficult conditions, for example when the travel limit is in effect and increased forces and moments act on the earth compactor.

In order to further increase the service life of the damping elements, they are made of multiple layers and/or different materials. For example, a damping element can consist of Volkollan® and one or two metal plates, with the metal plates limiting the areas of the Volkollan material that are located far away from one another and thus forming a so-called vibration metal.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the soil compactors usually have a base plate which acts on the soil E to be compacted during operation. This base plate is designed according to a

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In an advantageous further development of the invention, the base plate is at least partially reinforced by a reinforcing plate that extends essentially parallel to the base plate and is arranged at a distance from it. 5

In particular, if the reinforcement plate separates an oil chamber of the drive according to an embodiment of the invention and the oil chamber is thus arranged at a distance from the base plate, this creates additional protection against leakage. The vibrations that occur in the parts of the earth compactor during operation are the cause of strong material stresses, the result of which is usually hairline cracks. These are particularly disruptive in the area of the oil chamber of the earth compactor, as oil leaks out through the hairline cracks. This leads to environmental pollution, which is now avoided by the double floor made of base and reinforcement plates.

Until now, it was not possible to make the base plate out of a wear-resistant, brittle material, particularly due to the poor damping properties of the known earth compactors, as this would lead to the hairline cracks mentioned above. Ductile materials were therefore used for the base plate. Since the damping means can now be optimized due to the lower stress, the damping properties are improved. The susceptibility to failure and the service life of the earth compactor can now be increased even further by making the base plate out of a wear-resistant steel, in particular structural steel. The steel of the base plate preferably has a surface hardness of 320 to 400 HB. In particular, the tensile strength of the steel is 1000 to 1200 N/mm2.

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Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention in conjunction with the drawing. They show:
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Fig. 1 is a side view of a soil compactor according to the invention together with an excavator;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the soil compactor, partially in section according to arrow III of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along the line II-II of Fig. 2.

Fig. 1 shows an excavator 10 with a soil compactor 12 according to the invention. The excavator 10 has two booms 14 and 16 and a tool handle 18, at the end of which a part 20 of a known quick-change system is arranged. The excavator 10 with its booms 14 and 16 and its tool handle 18 form the mechanism for moving, for example, a bucket that can be connected to the tool handle 18 via the quick-change system.

The earth compactor 12 is provided with a base plate 22 which acts on the earth E to be compacted, as well as with a housing 28 consisting of an upper part 24 and a lower part 26 which is connected to part 20 of the quick-change system and thus to the excavator 10 via a connecting part 30. The connecting part 30 is designed as a so-called quick-change plate which forms the part of the quick-change system located on the tool, here the earth compactor 12. Since this quick-change system is basically known, it does not need to be discussed in more detail here.

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Fig. 2 shows a side view of the earth compactor 12 with a partial section according to arrow III of Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the earth compactor 12 along the line II-II.

A swivel joint 32, which has a plain bearing, is arranged in the upper part 24 of the housing 28. The swivel joint 32 consists of a pivot pin 34 which is connected to the connecting part in a rotationally fixed manner and around which a rotary plate 36 made of hardened steel is arranged and fastened via a screw connection. This rotary plate 36 forms part of the plain bearing of the swivel joint 32.

The rotary plate 36 engages between two damping means 38 and 40, which are held by a fastening ring 42 screwed to the upper part 24 of the housing 28. The damping means 38 and 40, together with the fastening ring 42, form the further part of the plain bearing of the rotary joint 32.

The lower and upper damping means 38 and 40 are provided with a hardened metal plate 43 on the side facing the rotary plate 36. This is then followed by an elastic damping material 44. The metal plate 43 enables the upper part 24 of the housing 28 with the damping means 38 and 40 and the fastening ring 42 to rotate easily relative to the rotary plate 36, pivot pin 34 and the connecting part 30, as well as an essentially "even load" on the plain bearing during operation.

The relative rotation between the pivot pin 34 with the rotary plate 36 and the connecting part 30 on the one hand and the upper part 24 of the housing 28 on the other hand is determined by

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a hydraulic rotary drive 45 as required.

The housing 28 of the earth compactor 12 is essentially rectangular in cross-section. Pipe sections 48 and 50 aligned horizontally are mounted next to one another at the same height in the side walls 46 of the upper part 24 of the housing 28. These pipe sections 48 and 50 form stops for one end region of a stop axis 52 engaging in the pipe section 48, 50, which will be discussed further below.

The upper part 24 is connected to the lower part 26 via damping means 54. The damping means 54 compensate for the movements of the lower part 26 relative to the upper part 24.

The lower part 26 is provided with a hydraulic motor 56 which drives an unbalanced flywheel 58. This flywheel 58 is mounted in a chamber 60 filled with oil. The hydraulic motor 56 together with the flywheel 58 forms a known drive principle for the earth compactor 12, in particular for the lower part 26.

When the flywheel 58 rotates, the lower part moves up and down relative to the upper part and thereby performs an alternating push and pull movement with respect to the damping means 54.

The chamber 60 is welded to the base plate 22. In the longitudinal direction of the earth compactor 12, retaining strips 62 extend on each side and are firmly connected to the base plate 22. These retaining strips 62 are designed to accommodate the damping means 54 between the upper part 24

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and lower part 26 is inclined outwards. The damping means 54 are screwed onto this area.

The damping means 54 consist of two metal plates 64, between which an elastic material 66,

for example Volkollan®, which is glued to the metal plates 64 on two sides located at a distance from each other. In section, the damping means 54 are essentially rectangular. They also extend in the longitudinal direction of the earth compactor 12 and are shaped like strips.

The damping means 54 are set at an angle for the targeted adjustment of the stiffness between the upper part 24 and the lower part. The inclination of the damping means 54 is dependent on the impact force and/or the desired maximum movement of the lower part 26.
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The metal plates 64 enable a screw connection with the lower part 26, more precisely with the retaining strip 62, and a correspondingly adapted, angled strip 68 of the upper part 24 of the housing 28.

A reinforcement plate 70 is provided parallel to the base plate 22 and at a distance from it. This not only stiffens the base plate 22, but also forms a double floor. Since the reinforcement plate 70 also delimits the chamber 60, additional security against oil leakage from the chamber is thus created in a simple manner.

Above and on the chamber 60 there are two horizontal and transverse to the longitudinal extension of the

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Earth compactor 12 is fitted with support tubes 72 directed towards it, each of which accommodates and supports one of the two stop axes 52. The stop axes 52 and the support tubes are each screwed together.

Damping rings 74 are applied to the free ends of the stop axes 52, which extend into the pipe sections 48 and 50, and can be protected by a metal ring (not shown here).

The pipe sections 48 and 50 mentioned above and the stop axes 52 provided with the damping rings 74 together form a travel limit. This is effective from a certain lifting dimension of the lower part 26 relative to the upper part 24, i.e. when the lower part 26 moves towards the upper part 24 - pushing movement - or vice versa - pulling movement. This is a simple way of preventing the damping means 54 from being overloaded, for example if the excavator 10 applies too great a load to the earth compactor 12 via its booms 14, 16 and its tool handle 18, the base plate 22 is overloaded by soil or has become jammed in the soil/rock when the earth compactor 12 is being lifted out.

The damping rings 74 are vulcanized and thus connected to the stop axis 52 in a rotationally fixed manner. According to another embodiment of the invention not shown here, the damping rings 74 are rotatably mounted on the stop axis 52 via roller bearings. This has the advantage that torques acting on the stop axis 52 during the stop are avoided.

The stop is dampened by the damping rings 74 when the travel limit is reached, so that long-term damage caused by a sudden

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Blocking of the amplitude movement of the lower part 24 can be prevented.

The base plate 22 consists of an oil-hardened fine-grain structural steel with a surface hardness of 320 to 400 HB and a tensile strength of 1000 to 1200 N/mm2. This makes the base plate 22 more wear-resistant than previously known designs. However, this is only guaranteed by the secured damping and the double floor, as on the one hand the risk of leakage and on the other hand the maximum load on the damping means and thus on the base plate 22 is reduced.

The invention is thus characterized by its simple measures for increasing the service life of the earth compactor, whereby the overarching idea of limiting the travel both in the case of tensile loads and in the case of compressive loads of the damping means 54 results in further design possibilities and advantages.

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List of reference symbols

10 excavators

12 soil compactors

14 booms

16 booms

18 Tool handle

20 Part of the quick change system excavator

22 Base plate

24 Top

26 Lower part

28 Housing

30 Connection part

32 Swivel joint

34 pivot pins

36 turntables

38 lower damping means

40 upper damping means

42 Mounting ring

43 Metal plate

44 Damping material

45 Rotary drive

46 Side wall of the housing

48 pipe pieces - left

50 pipe pieces - right

52 Stop axis

54 Damping agents

56 Hydraulic motor

58 Flywheel

60 chamber

62 retaining strips

64 Metal plate

66 elastic material

68 Bar

70 Reinforcement plate

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Support tube ■- 14 ;-
#· • *
·· ·· · » ·
·· ··· Damping ring
soil •
··· • *
*« ·· · 72 74
E

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Claims (12)

Protection claims 1. Soil compactor (12) which is moved over the soil (E) to be compacted by a mechanism, in particular an excavator (10), with a housing (28) consisting of an upper part (24) and a lower part (26), the upper part (24) being connectable to the mechanism, the lower part (26) being movable relative to the upper part (24), damping means (54) being provided between the upper part (24) and the lower part (26) which compensate for the movement and vibrations of the lower part (26) relative to the upper part (24), and a travel limiting device (48, 50, 52, 72, 74) being provided which limits a relative movement of the lower part (26) in the direction of the upper part (24) - pressure movement -, characterized in that the travel limiting device (48, 50, 52, 72, 0 74) the relative movement of the lower part (26) in the direction away from the upper part (24) limits the pulling movement -. 2. Soil compactor according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the travel limiting device (48, 50, 52, 72) is provided with damping means (74). 3. Soil compactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the travel limiting device (48, 50, 52, 72, 74) has at least one stop axis (52) which is arranged in the upper part (24) or lower part (26) and cooperates with a stop (48, 50) for the pushing movement and a stop (48, 50) for the pulling movement in the lower part (26) or upper part (24). 50.566DE Bo/su 12 January 1995 " ² 4. Soil compactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the two stops for the pressure movement and the pulling movement are formed by a pipe section (48, 50) into which the stop axis (52) engages at least in some areas. 5. Soil compactor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the region of the stop axis (52) interacting with the stops (48, 50) is provided with the damping means (74) of the travel limiting device (48, 50, 52, 72, 74). 6. Soil compactor according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the lower part (26) has two stop axes (52) which engage with their two ends in pipe sections (48, 50) of the upper part (24) forming the stops. 7. Soil compactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping means (54) between the upper part (24) and the lower part (26) are designed as strips extending preferably in the longitudinal direction of the lower part (26). 8. Soil compactor according to claim 7, characterized in that the strips (54) are rectangular in section. 9. Soil compactor according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the strips (54) between the upper part (24) and lower part (26) are inclined for the targeted adjustment of the rigidity of the strips (54). 50.566DE Bo/su 12 January 1995 10. Soil compactor according to claim 9, characterized in that the damping means (54) are positioned more or less obliquely with respect to the force introduction, depending on the impact force and/or the desired maximum movement of the lower part (26). 11. Soil compactor with a swivel joint (32) between a connecting part (30) for the mechanics and the upper part (24) of the housing (28), the swivel joint (32) having a sliding bearing which cooperates with damping means (38, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the superimposed surfaces of the sliding bearing are made of metal. 12. Soil compactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the damping means (38, 40, 54, 74) are constructed in multiple layers and/or from different materials. 13. Soil compactor according to claim 12, characterized in that a damping means (38, 40, 54, 74) comprises Volkollan and a metal plate. 14. Soil compactor with a base plate (22) which acts on the soil (E) to be compacted during operation, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate (22) is stiffened at least in regions by a reinforcing plate (70) extending essentially parallel to the base plate (22), in particular arranged at a distance. 15. Soil compactor according to claim 14, characterized in that the reinforcing plate (70) 50.566DE Bo/su 12 January 1995 · an oil chamber (60) of the drive is separated so that
the oil chamber (60) is arranged at a distance from the base plate (22). 16. Soil compactor according to claim 14 or 15, characterized characterized in that the base plate (22) is made of a wear-resistant steel, in particular structural steel,
is executed. 17. Soil compactor according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that the steel of the base plate (22) has a surface hardness of 320 to 400 HB. 18. Soil compactor according to claim 16 or 17, characterized by a steel for the base plate (22) with a tensile strength of 1000 to 1200 N/mm2. 50.566DE ■ Bo/su 12 January 1995