DE2948789A1 - Liquefaction of coal, etc. - in presence of added guanidinium cpds. - Google Patents

Abstract

Conversion of high-molecular-wt. hydrocarbons to low- molecular-wt. hydrocarbons (esp. liquefaction of coal) is carried out in the presence of at least one guanidinium cpd. (I). The process is pref. carried out by adding (I) to a mixt. of coal and solvent (e.g. coal oil), heating the mixt. atan intermediate temp. of 100-300 (esp. 200) deg. C for 1-30 min., and then heating the mixt. at the liquefaction temp. (e.g. 250-500 deg. C at 10-300 bar excess pressure). (I) is pref. guanidinium carbonate (Ia) or a mixt. of (Ia) with a guanidinium carboxylate, phenolate, sulphonate or alcoholate in a wt. ratio of 0.3-3:1, or a mixt. of (Ia) with the corresp. carboxylic acid, phenol, sulphonic acid or alcohol. (I) is pref. added in an amt. of 0.1-3 wt.% based on the coal feed. Addn. of (I) in small amts. (up to 10 wt.%) increases the yield of liq. hydrocarbons (e.g. from 1-5 to 10-20 wt.% based on coal feed).

Description

description

Process for liquefying or hydrogenating gasification of coal.

The invention relates primarily to liquefaction processes of coal, as well as processes for the hydrogenation gasification of coal and here in particular the pretreatment of the coal to be hydrogenated to be gasified.

In DE-OS 27 11 105 and DE-OS 28 03 985 are methods for Liquefaction of coal described the further developments of the old IG process and represent the current state of the art. Run alongside especially in the USA attempts to produce coal on the basis of the classic Bergius-Pier process to liquefy.

In an effort to increase the economy of the processors, investigated there are currently different process variants, which differ in terms of pressure, temperature, Nature of the coal used, choice of hydrogenation gases, design of the Reaction control (process engineering in the narrower sense) and in particular with regard to of the catalysts used.

The invention is based on the object, in the case of methods of the initially mentioned mentioned type to improve the economy through the use of auxiliary materials.

To solve this problem, the invention in claim 1 and Use characterized in the subclaims with regard to advantageous embodiments suggested by guanidinium compounds as excipients.

In contrast to catalysts, auxiliary substances are substances understood, which work not only through their presence, but with the expiration of the Process or the chemical reaction on which it is based are consumed.

According to the invention as auxiliaries for liquefaction or hydrogenation Gasification of coal used guanidinium compounds have m essentially the Effect that they <len desired breaking of binding forces within the Eolecule lattice facilitate the carbon and the subsequent saturation in the molecular reaction process accelerate the fracture points with hydrogen. This has the advantage of that the use of catalysts provided in most process variants reduced or even made superfluous, and that it is also possible becomes, instead of pure molecular hydrogen, at least partially cheaper hydrogenation gases to be used for the liquefaction or gasification of coal. Becoming through both the known methods immediately relieved of costs.

The use of certain guanidinium compounds is within the scope of the invention alone or also the use of certain combinations of different guanidinium compounds intended. In each case, the preferred total amount that is used depends becomes, according to claim 2.

Fatty acid guanidine salts such as palmitates, oleates or stearates have a pronounced emulsifying effect and thus contribute in an advantageous manner to stabilize the coal-grinding oil suspension processed during coal liquefaction at. Their use according to claims 3 and 4 is therefore particularly preferred.

The guanidinium compounds used according to the invention decompose at elevated temperature to form highly reactive decomposition products, which in turn in turn can favor the hydrogenation reactions in a very desirable manner.

This also applies to the fatty acid guanldinum salts used with preference. However, the latter effect is particularly pronounced when one according to claim 5, guanidinium carbonate is used as an auxiliary. That in this regard also possible chlorine, sulfate or stepped is the guanidinium carbonate for reasons of corrosion, prevention, environmental protection and better controllability Superior to decay.

The guanidinium carbonate can in principle be used alone as an auxiliary will. However, it has, in comparison, for example, to the fatty acid guanidinium salts a less humiliating effect. Because of the emulsifying effect associated with certain Guanidinium compounds is obtained, however, at least due to a preliminary Working hypothesis, is important insofar as the emulsifying Effect of the heterogeneous reaction hydrogen / coal more in the direction of a "quasi-homoene reaction" steers away is the use of guanidinium carbonate in conjunction with more powerful emulsifying agents Guanidinium compounds, in particular a use according to claim 6, very particularly preferred. The ratio used here depends on the weaker emulsifying agents Guanidinium compounds, namely guanidinium carbonate, are among the more emulsifying ones Guanidinium compounds in individual cases according to the respective Liquefaction process and the properties of the raw materials used.

In general, the C, uanldinium compounds used according to the invention will be used at the entrance of the liquefaction or. Gasification process the starting materials, and although preferably in substance, add. E.g. the addition together with the possibly catalysts still used take place. So is a suitable Zucabe site at the method according to DE-OS 28 03 985 and DE-OS 27 11 105, for which the invention is particularly is suitable, which in the DE-OS with regard to its remaining function and its arrangement Mixing container 2 explained in more detail.

Claims (6)

Claims Use of guanidinium compounds as auxiliaries in processes for the liquefaction or hydrogenation gasification of coal. 2. Use according to claim 1 of the guanidinium compounds in one Total amount of up to 10% by weight, preferably 3-5% by weight, based on the amount to be enforced Dry coal. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2 of fatty acid guanidinium salts, preferably of palmitates, oleates and / or stearates. 4. Use according to claim 3 of the fatty acid guanidinium salts in an amount of 0.1-5.0 wt .-, vorzuosweise of 0.5-1.5 wt .-%, based on the dry coal to be enforced. 5. Use according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 of guanidinium carbonate. 6. Use according to claim 5 of the guanidinium carbonate in combination with one or more fatty acid guanidinium salts in a weight ratio of the carbonate to fatty acid salt between 0.3 and 3.