DE2801724A1 - Removing fluoride from water - by pptn. with calcium then adsorption on aluminium hydroxide - Google Patents
Removing fluoride from water - by pptn. with calcium then adsorption on aluminium hydroxideInfo
- Publication number
- DE2801724A1 DE2801724A1 DE19782801724 DE2801724A DE2801724A1 DE 2801724 A1 DE2801724 A1 DE 2801724A1 DE 19782801724 DE19782801724 DE 19782801724 DE 2801724 A DE2801724 A DE 2801724A DE 2801724 A1 DE2801724 A1 DE 2801724A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- fluoride
- aluminum
- water
- aluminum hydroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OYMAHKZKPIQWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].C([O-])(O)=O.[Ca+2].C([O-])(O)=O.C([O-])(O)=O.C([O-])(O)=O OYMAHKZKPIQWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKDIUSXQCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium tetrachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2] VNWKDIUSXQCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alizarin Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alizarin red S Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2O HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconyl chloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)=O IPCAPQRVQMIMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Fluorid aus Wässern Process for separating fluoride from water
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Fluorid aus Wässern durch Adsorption an frisch gefälltes Aluminium-Hydrotid.The invention relates to a method for separating fluoride from Soaking through adsorption on freshly precipitated aluminum hydrotide.
Die Uberwachung und Einstellung des Fluoridaehaltes ist vor allem in der Trinkwasserversorgung von Bedeutung, da Fluorid eines der wenigen natürlichen Spurenbestandteile des Wassers ist, bei dem die Werte einer nützlichen und schädlichen Wirkung sehr eng beieinanderliegen. Erhöhte Gehalte an Fluorid treten in Grund- und Quellwässern auf, die mit fluoridhaltigen Mineralien in Berithrung kommen und wegen der erheblich größeren Toleranz für andere Inhaltsstoffe im übrigen als physiologisch unbedenklich gelten würden.The monitoring and adjustment of the fluoride level is above all of importance in the drinking water supply, since fluoride is one of the few natural ones Trace constituents of water is at which the values of a useful and harmful Effect very close together. Increased levels of fluoride occur in basic and spring waters that come into contact with fluoride-containing minerals and because of the considerably greater tolerance for other ingredients than physiological would be considered harmless.
Während die Aufnahme von Fluorid zur einwandfreien Ausbildung des Zahnschmelzes erforderlich ist, kommt es bei zu reichlicher Zufuhr von Fluorid zur Ausbildung von geflecktem, brüchigem Zahnschmelz. Die kariesprophylaktische Aufnahme zwischen 1,5 und 2,5 mg/d bedingt unter Abzug der mit 0,2 - 0,5 mg/d anzusetzenden Aufnahme durch die Nahrung bei Verbrauch von 2 1 Trinkwasser täglich eine optimale Konzentration von 1 mg/l im Trinkwasser. Der zulässige Fluoridgehalt hängt von den Trinkgewohnheiten ab. Die von der WHO und der EPA (USA) angegebenen Grenzwerte werden mit steigender Temperatur kleiner. Die höheren, um 1,5 mg/l angegebenen Werte sind als obere Grenze im Trinkwasser anzugeben. In den nationalen Richtlinien einzelner Länder werden teilweise etwas höhere Fluoridgehalte noch akzeptiert.While the uptake of fluoride for the proper formation of the Tooth enamel is required, when it is too plentiful supply of fluoride for the formation of stained, brittle tooth enamel. The caries prophylactic Consumption between 1.5 and 2.5 mg / d conditionally less the 0.2-0.5 mg / d to be added Food intake with consumption of 2 liters of drinking water per day is optimal Concentration of 1 mg / l in drinking water. The permissible fluoride content depends on the Drinking habits. The limit values specified by the WHO and the EPA (USA) are smaller with increasing temperature. The values quoted are higher, around 1.5 mg / l to be indicated as the upper limit in drinking water. In the national guidelines of individual In some countries, slightly higher fluoride contents are still accepted.
Zur Defluoridierung von Trinkwasser ist die Adsorption an frisch gefällte Hydroxide von Aluminium oder Magnesium und Abtrennung durch Sedimentation oder Filtration oder die Adsorption an aktivierte Tonerde, Tricalciumphosphat oder Hydroxylapatit gebräuchlich.For the defluoridation of drinking water, the adsorption on freshly precipitated Hydroxides of aluminum or magnesium and separation by sedimentation or filtration or adsorption on activated alumina, tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite common.
Bei diesen bekannten Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Fluorid ist es besonders nachteilig, daß für das billige Produkt Trinkwasser unangemessen hohe Mengen an Chemikalien verbraucht werden. So werden zur Absenkung des Fluoridgehaltes in Brunnenwasser von 0,96 auf 0,24 mg/l 1000 mg/l Aluminiumsulfat eingesetzt und durch Fällung abgetrennt (H. Yasutomi, N. Takeshima.Treatment for fluorine-containing well water.It is special in these known methods of separating fluoride disadvantageous that for the cheap product drinking water inappropriately high amounts of Chemicals are consumed. So are used to lower the fluoride content in well water from 0.96 to 0.24 mg / l 1000 mg / l aluminum sulfate used and separated by precipitation (H. Yasutomi, N. Takeshima, Treatment for fluorine-containing well water.
Japan Kckai 7696, 159, 23. August 1976).Japan Kckai 7696, 159, 23 August 1976).
Um diesen vorgenannten flachteil auszlshalten, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, den Wässern einerseits Calcium-Salze , welche einen äußerst fein verteilten Niederschlag von Calciumfluorid verursachen, und andererseits Aluminium-Salze , welche den Niederschlag an A]uminiumhydroxidflocken adsorbieren, zugesetzt werden und daß die Aluminiumhydroxidflocken durch Flotation oder Filtration aus der Lösung ausgetragen werden.In order to keep this aforementioned flat part out, according to the invention proposed to the waters on the one hand calcium salts, which are extremely fine cause distributed precipitation of calcium fluoride, and on the other hand aluminum salts , which adsorb the precipitate on ammonium hydroxide flakes, was added and that the aluminum hydroxide flakes are removed by flotation or filtration the solution can be discharged.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further details of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Die Erprobungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Fluoridentfernung durch Adsorption an frisch gefälltes Hydroxid ergaben, daß die Chemikalienmenge ganz erheblich reduziert werden kann, wenn die Abtrennung des Niederschlags nicht durch Sedimentation , sondern durch Flotation erfolgt.The trials of the fluoride removal method according to the invention by adsorption on freshly precipitated hydroxide showed that the amount of chemicals can be reduced quite considerably if the separation of the precipitate does not occur takes place by sedimentation, but by flotation.
Das Ergebnis von Vergleichsversuchen zwischen den bisher bekannten Verfahren und den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind in der als Anlage der Anmeldung beigefügten Tabelle niedergelegt.The result of comparative tests between the previously known The method and the method according to the invention are in the appendix to the application attached table.
Die Versuchslösungen, die pro Liter 20 bis 50 mg Fluorid und 0 bis 91 mg Calcium enthielten, wurden mit 3 bis 300 mg/l Aluminium in Form von polymerem Alllminiumchlorid versetzt, das einen Aluminiumgehalt von 62 gil besaß. Die Lösungen wurden in einem Druckgefäß mit Luft unter 8.105 Pa (8bar) gesättigt. Die beim Aufbau des Druckes im Behälter oder beim Ausströmen in ein unter Atmosphärendruck stehendes Gefäß sich bildenden Luftblasen bewirkten den Transport des geflockten Aluminiumhydroxids und der von diesem adsorbierten Ionen und ungelösten Bestandteile an die Oberfläche, wo sich eine dünne Schicht von Aluminiumhydroxid bildete.The test solutions, which per liter 20 to 50 mg fluoride and 0 to Containing 91 mg calcium, 3 to 300 mg / l aluminum in the form of polymeric Alllminiumchlorid added, which had an aluminum content of 62 gil. The solutions were saturated in a pressure vessel with air below 8.105 Pa (8 bar). The construction the pressure in the container or when flowing out into a container under atmospheric pressure The air bubbles that formed in the vessel caused the flocculated aluminum hydroxide to be transported and the ions and undissolved constituents adsorbed by it to the surface, where a thin layer of aluminum hydroxide formed.
Die Konzentration an Calcium und Aluminium wurden durch Atomabsorptions-Spektroskopie, die Fluoridkonzentration nach Abtrennung des Aluminiums durch Kationentauscher mit Zirkon-Alizarin oder durch Titration mit Zirkonylchlorid gegen Na-Alizarinsulfat als Indikator bestimmt.The concentrations of calcium and aluminum were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, the fluoride concentration after separation of the aluminum by means of a cation exchanger Zirconium alizarin or by titration with zirconyl chloride against sodium alizarin sulfate intended as an indicator.
In der beigefügten Tabelle sind die jeweils gemessenen Mengen an F, an Ca, an Al in mg/l und in mmol/l anegeben. In der Kopfleiste der Tabelle bedeutet der Index ° die jeweilige Anfangskonzentration. Die Endkonzentrationen an Fluorid mg/l und °,6 geben die Spalten 7 und 8 wieder. Die Spalten 9 und 10 die enthalten die rechnerischen Ergebnisse, die gefundenen Werte gemäß Spalten 7 und 8 bestätigen. Bei dieser rechnerischen Überprüfung wurde die Restkonzentration an Fluorid mit dem Löslichkeitsprodukt von KCLP = 3.47 10-11 berechnet.The attached table shows the measured amounts of F, for Ca, for Al in mg / l and in mmol / l. In the header of the table means the index ° the respective initial concentration. The final concentrations of fluoride mg / l and °, 6 show columns 7 and 8. Columns 9 and 10 the contain the arithmetic results, the values found according to columns 7 and 8 confirm. During this computational check, the residual concentration was Fluoride calculated with the solubility product of KCLP = 3.47 10-11.
Während zur Abtrennung von 20 mg/l Fluorid aus einer reinen Lösung 310 mg/l Al zugesetzt werden müssen, wie der Vergleich von Versuch 1 und 2 zeigt, bewirkt die Anwesenheit von 57 mg/l Calcium bereits eine spürbare Verminderung des zur Abtrennung erforderlichen Aluminiumbedarfs (Versuch 5).While for the separation of 20 mg / l fluoride from a pure solution 310 mg / l Al must be added, as the comparison of experiment 1 and 2 shows, the presence of 57 mg / l calcium already causes a noticeable reduction in the for the separation of the aluminum requirement required (experiment 5).
Die in dieser Versuchsreihe optimalen Bedingungen wurden in Versuch 6 gefunden. Der Fluoridgehalt wird durch Flotation mit polymerem Aluminiumchlorid mit 3,1 mg/l Al von 25 auf 2,4 mg/l vermindert, wenn die Calciumkonzentration 91 mg/l beträgt.The optimal conditions in this test series were tested 6 found. The fluoride content is determined by flotation with polymeric aluminum chloride with 3.1 mg / l Al reduced from 25 to 2.4 mg / l if the calcium concentration was 91 mg / l.
Als Calciumsalz wird vorzugsweise Calciumchlorid oder Calciumhydrogencarbonad
verwendet.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782801724 DE2801724A1 (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1978-01-16 | Removing fluoride from water - by pptn. with calcium then adsorption on aluminium hydroxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782801724 DE2801724A1 (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1978-01-16 | Removing fluoride from water - by pptn. with calcium then adsorption on aluminium hydroxide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2801724A1 true DE2801724A1 (en) | 1979-07-19 |
Family
ID=6029610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782801724 Withdrawn DE2801724A1 (en) | 1978-01-16 | 1978-01-16 | Removing fluoride from water - by pptn. with calcium then adsorption on aluminium hydroxide |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2801724A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10017401B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2018-07-10 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Aluminum-doped, iminodiacetic acid group-containing chelate resins |
-
1978
- 1978-01-16 DE DE19782801724 patent/DE2801724A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10017401B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2018-07-10 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Aluminum-doped, iminodiacetic acid group-containing chelate resins |
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| OAP | Request for examination filed | ||
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| OGA | New person/name/address of the applicant | ||
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |