DE2739776A1 - CLEANING SUPPLIES - Google Patents

Description

Our no. 21 291 F / Fb

The Procter & Gamble Company Cincinnati, Ohio, V.St.A.

cleaning supplies

The present invention relates to abrasive detergents, either in liquid or may be in granular form. These detergents contain a very special type of expanded perlite as a grinding or scouring agent in order to achieve particularly advantageous application properties.

Abrasive cleaning agents are a suitable and useful tool in the household to carry out regular cleaning of hard surfaces - such Cleaning agents generally contain a surface-active substance, a particulate abrasive acting material and an inert filler, for example water, an inorganic salt or mixtures thereof. A frequently encountered in such compositions, A very desirable optional component is a Bleach. The particulate abrasive within such compositions serves to reduce the hardness. Abrasion and loosening of dirt adhering to surfaces. This material also serves to create a closer contact between the stains on the hard surface and the surfactant and / or bleach produce, which can also be included in the detergent compositions.

Expanded perlite has already been recognized as an effective abrasive for abrasive cleaners. As a result its relatively low density has been found to be particularly useful in liquid abrasives where

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Medium is of importance, see JA-PS 25806/73 · It was however, found that more typically more commercially available expanded perlite, although an excellent abrasive, has a considerable amount Causes scratches on surfaces that are treated with abrasives containing this expanded perlite contain.

The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide abrasive cleaning agents with an expanded content To provide perlite as an abrasive, but which have a reduced tendency to scratch surfaces.

The abrasive hard surface cleaners of the present invention, which exhibit excellent scrubbing with minimal tendency to scratch surfaces, contain from about 0.1 to 15% by weight of a surfactant and from about 1 to 65% by weight of an expanded perlite abrasive material, wherein the proportion of non-expanded perlite ore in said expanded perlite 2% or less, preferably 1% or less; The Eest of the composition consists of a filler material and any other .facultative ingredients (all% figures are based on weight, unless otherwise stated).

The surfactant component can be any conventional anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant ..

The expanded perlite abrasive has a particle size of about 1 to 190 microns and is medium Bulk density from about 0.04806 to about 0.46060 g / cnr * (3 to 50 lbs. Each cu.ft.).

Inorganic salt or such salts, water or mixtures of inorganic salt or such salts and water can be present as filler material. The inorganic salt V «" 7i also act as a buffering agent, detergent builder, or both.

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The preferred concentrations of the we sent 1 fet AP / / components and the type, number and concentration of other optional ingredients of the composition depend on whether liquid or granular abrasive abrasives are desired.

In the context of the present invention, it has been found that by reducing the amount of unexpanded perlite ore normally contained in expanded perlite in amounts of 5 to 10% by weight or more to an amount of 2 % or less, the problem of surface scratching, that occurs when using expanded perlite in abrasive abrasives is largely reduced. If the level of unexpanded ore is reduced to less than 1 % , the problem can be substantially eliminated. Another benefit associated with the removal of unexpanded ore is that it improves the rinsability of the abrasive composition from abraded surfaces.

The abrasive cleaning agents for hard surfaces according to the invention can be in either liquid or granular form. In the context of the present invention, a “liquid” composition is to be understood as any formulation which is essentially fluid. Liquid compositions can thus be of low viscosity and free-flowing or thickened, thixotropic, mixed with false bodies, plastic or pasty. Regardless of whether they are in liquid or granular form, the compositions according to the present invention essentially contain a surfactant, a perlite-based abrasive and a filler material. The formulation of liquid, abrasive false body cleaners is described in more detail in BE-PSn 817 443 and 827 99t, to which reference is hereby made »

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If the Sum m ensetzung is in liquid form, then the filler component either free v / ater, or a mixture of water and inorganic alkaline salt. If desired, these liquid systems can also contain other materials such as bleaching agents, suspending agents, other customary abrasive materials, additional builder salts or buffer salts, dyes and perfumes.

When the composition is in granular form, the primary filler is an inorganic one alkaline salt or such salts, or a mixture of inorganic salt or salts and moisture. These granular systems can, if desired, contain further materials, v / ie bleaches, bleach stabilizers, additional materials common grinding materials, others Builder salts or buffer salts, auxiliaries which promote the properties of use, including bleach catalysts, Dyes and perfumes.

As a result, all of these components, both essential and optional, as well the preparation and application of the invention Compositions discussed in detail:

Surfactant;

The detergent compositions according to the invention contain about 0.1 to 15% by weight of a surfactant selected from the group comprising anionic, nonionic, aapholytic and zwitterionic surfactants. In liquid systems, the surfactant is preferably present at about 0.1 to 7 percent based on the weight of the composition. In granular systems, the surfactant is preferably present at about 1.5-10 % by weight of the composition.

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Soluble salts, in particular alkali metal salts, of organic sulfur-containing reaction products are described which have an alkyl radical eit about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid ester or sulfuric acid ester radical in their molecular structure (the term "alkyl" also includes the alkyl moiety of higher acyl groups ). Important examples of anionic synthetic detergents which can form the surface-active component of the compositions according to the invention are the sodium or ^; Potassium alkyl sulfates, particularly those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (8 to 18 carbon atoms), which alcohols are formed by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; Sodium or potassium alkylbenzenesulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms (the alkyl radical can have a straight or branched aliphatic chain); Sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow or coconut oil; Sodium coconut oil - fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; Sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (for example tallow or coconut oil alcohols) with about 1 to 10 parts of ethylene oxide; Sodium or potassium salts of alkylphenolethylene oxide ether sulfates with about 1 to about 10 ethylene oxide units per molecule, the alkyl radicals containing about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; Reaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, in which the fatty acids are derived, for example, from coconut oil; Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of a methyl tauride, in which the fatty acids are derived, for example, from coconut oil; and sodium or potassium β-acetoxy or - β - qr.A ^ fiiqi rtn - ^ i 1 Van H ill · Ρητ ^ «<:» _t wherein the ATIrari has 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

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Hichtionic surfactants used for the Compositions according to the invention are suitable, can be any representative of the three basic types, namely alkylene oxide condensates, amides and semipolar nonionic Fabrics.

The alkylene oxide condensates can generally be defined as compounds which are produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (of the hydrophilic type ) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which can be of the aliphatic or alkyl aromatic type. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with a particular hydrophobic group can easily be adjusted so that a water-soluble compound is obtained which has the desired ratio between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.

Examples of such alkylene oxide condensates are:

(1) Condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with ethyleno: <yd. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can be either straight or branched and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples of such ethoxylated alcohols are the condensation products of about 6 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of tridecanol, hyristyl alcohol which is condensed with about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of myristyl alcohol, the condensation product of ethylene oxide with coconut fatty alcohol, in which the coconut chains of fatty alcohols are a mixture of fatty alcohols 10 to 14 carbon atoms and wherein the condensate contains about 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and the condensation product of about 9 moles of ethylene oxide with the coconut alcohol described above. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include "Tergitol 15-S-9 ¹¹ from Union Carbide Corporation," Heodol 23-6.5 "from Shell Chemical Company and" Kyro BOB "from the patentee.

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(2) Polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. These compounds include the condensation products of alkylphenols, which have an alkyl group with 6 to 12 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain arrangement, with ethylene oxide, the ethylene oxide being present in proportions corresponding to 5 "to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds can for example from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octene or nonene. Examples of compounds of this type include nonyl phenol, which is condensed with about 9-5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonylphenol, and dodecylphenol, which is condensed with about 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of phenol is condensed, dinonylphenol, which is condensed with about 15 moles of ethylene oxide per half of phenol, "noisoocty! phenol, which is condensed with about 15 mols of ethylene oxide per half of phenol. The commercially available nonionic surface-active agents of this type include" Igepal CO-610 "from GAF Corporation and" Triton X-45, X-114, X-100 and X -102 "from Rohm and Haas Company.

(3) Condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic basic substance, which is formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of these compounds has a molecular weight of about 1,500 to 1,800 and, of course, shows insolubility in water. The addition of polyoxyethylene units to this hydrophobic part leads to an increase in the water solubility of the entire molecule. The liquid character of the product is retained up to the point at which the polyoxyethylene content makes up about 50 % of the total weight of the condensation product. Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially available "Plurohic" products from Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation.

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(4) Condensation products of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine. The hydrophobic base of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine with excess Propylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 2 to about 3,000. This base body is made with Ä'thylenoxyd condensed to such an extent that the condensation product contains from about 40 to about 80 weight percent polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11. As examples of this type of nonionic Surfactants may include certain of the company's commercially available "Tetronic" products Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation named v / erden.

As examples of amide type nonionic surfactants, ammonia, monoethanol and Diethanoiamides of fatty acids with an acyl residue of about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms called v / earth. These acyl residues are more common out of naturally occurring Glycerides derived, for example, from coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil and tallow. You can but also derived from synthetically available products, for example from the oxidation of petroleum or the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process.

As examples of the semipolar type nonionic surfactants, there can be mentioned amine oxides, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides. These materials are described in detail in US Pat. No. 3,819,528, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic amines that have a long chain of about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an anionic water-solubilizing group contain, e.g. the carboxy, sulfo or sulfato group. Examples of compounds falling under this definition can be sodium 3-dodecylamino propionate,

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Sodium J-dodecylamino-propanesulfonate and dodecyldinethylammonium hexanoate be cited.

Zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention Agents can generally be used as internally neutralized derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, such Phosphonium and tert. Sulphonium compounds are described in which the aliphatic radical is straight or branched can be.and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one of the radicals has an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. the carboxy, sulfo, sulfato, Phosphato or phosphono group.

For liquid compositions according to the present invention it is particularly desirable to be surface active To use means that oppose chemical decomposition and oxidation by the possibly present Bleaching agents with active chlorine or active oxygen are extremely resistant. Such preferred Bleach-stable surface-active materials contain no functional bonds or residues, such as Ether bonds, unsaturation parts, certain aromatic ones Structures or hydroalkyl radicals that are subject to oxidation by hypochlorite or peroxygen bleaching agents can.

A preferred class of bleach stable surfactants Agents represent the water-soluble alkyl sulfates with about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group Alkyl sulfates are the water-soluble salts of sulfated fatty alcohols. As examples of suitable Alcohols that are used in the production of alkyl sulfates can be decyl, lauryl, myristyl, Palmityl and stearyl alcohols and the mixtures of fatty alcohols obtained by reducing the glycerides of sebum and coconut oil.

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Special Baispiele of alkyl sulfate salts which can be employed for the inventive detergent, sodium lauryl include Natriumstearylalkylsulfat, Natriumpalmitylalkylsulfat, Natriuradecylsulfat, Natriuinmyristylalkylsulfat, Kaliumlaurylalkylsulfat, Kaliumstearylalkylsulfat, Kaliumdecylsulfat, Kaliumpalnitylalkylsulfat, Kaliummyristylalkylsulfat, sodium dodecyl sulfate, KaI iuadodecyl sulfate, Kaliumtalg.alkylsulfat, Natriumtalgalkylsulfat, Natriumkokosnußalkylsulfat, Kaiiumkokosnußalkylsulfat , and mixtures of these surfactants. Particularly preferred alkyl sulfates are sodium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium coconut alkyl sulfate, potassium auryl alkyl sulfate, and sodium lauryl alkyl sulfate.

A related group of bleach-stable surface-active agents which can be used in liquid cleaning agents according to the invention corresponds to the formula _R.

I ²

R ₁ C CHgOX

where R ₁ , Rg and R ,, which can be identical or different, denote alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms of the radicals R ₁ , Rg and R _{5 is} 10 to 20, and X is -SO, M , -CHgCOOM, -CHgCHgCOOM, - (CHgCH ₂ O) _n SO ₅ M or - (CHgCHgO), where η is a number from 1 to 40 and M is an alkali metal, for example sodium or potassium.

Such compounds are described in US-PS 3-929 _t 661, is made to the reference herewith described in detail.

For granular compositions according to the present invention, as well as for granular systems containing an optional chlorine bleach, are preferred surface active materials

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1) the water-soluble alkyl ether sulfates with about 10 to 20 carbon atoms iia alkyl part and about 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of surfactant and

2) the water-soluble alkylbenzenesulfonates, in which the alkyl part has about 9 to about 14 carbon atoms having.

Suitable alkyl ether sulfates include the alkali metal (Iathium, Sodium and potassium) and alkanolasin salts of ethoxylated sulfated fatty alcohols. To the ~ fatty alcohol precursors These surfactants include the same materials related above with the preferred alkyl sulfate surfactants for liquid systems. Particularly preferred alkyl ether sulfates are sodium and Kaliumalkyläther sulfate containing about 12 to 18 carbon atoms contained in the alkyl part (i.e. tallow alcohol derivatives) and an average of about 2.0 to 3 »5 moles of ethylene oxide contain per mole of surfactant.

Suitable alkylbenzenesulfonates are the alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium) and alkanolamine salts of straight or branched chain alkylbenzenesulfonic acids. The alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are suitable as precursors for such surface-active agents include decylbenzenesulfonic acid, undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, tridecylbenzenesulfonic acid, tetradecylbenzenesulfonic acid and tetrapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid. As precursors for the alkylbenzenesulfonates, which are suitable for granular compositions according to the present invention , sulfonic acids are preferred in which the alkyl chain is linear and has about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of commercially available alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are suitable for the purposes of the present invention are "Conoco SA 515» SA 597 and SA 697 ^w from Continental Oil Company and "Calsoft LAS 99" from Pilot Chemical Company .

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Expanded perlite abrasives ^:

The second essential component of the hard surface cleaners of the present invention is abrasive effective material made of expanded perlite. Perlite itself is a naturally occurring silica mineral volcanic origin. A typical chemical analysis of perlite is given in the following table:

Typical profit analysis

Silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) 71 75% Alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 12.5 - 18.0 % Potassium oxide (K ₂ O) 4.0 - 5.0 % Sodium oxide (Ka ₂ O) 2.9 - 4.5 % Calcium oxide (CaO) 0.5 - 2.0 % Iron ¹ ·· (IH) oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0.5 - 1.5 % Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.05 - 0.5 % Titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) 0.03 - 0.2 % Manganese dioxide (MnO ₂ ) 0.03 - 0.1 % Sulfur trioxide (SO ₃ ) 0 0.2% Iron (II) oxide (FeO) 0. 0.1 % chrome (Cr) 0 0.1% barium (Ba) 0 0.05 % Lead oxide (PbO) 0 0.03 % Nickel oxide (NiO) traces copper (Cu) traces boron (B) traces beryllium (Be) traces molybdenum (Mon) traces Arsenic oxide (As ₂ O ₃ ) <0.1 ppM free silica 809811/0788 0 2%

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Perlite suitable as an abrasive material for the compositions of the present invention is expanded perlite. The expansion of perlite is carried out by heating the Perliterzes to a temperature within its softening range of about 760 to 1100 ⁰ C (1400-2000 ⁰ P) to the perlite to expand four to twenty times to its original volume. During the expansion process, water vapor bubbles are trapped within the molten perlite. As it cools, some of these bubbles remain within the expanded pearlite particles. Methods for expanding pearlite are described in detail in U.S. Patents 2,572 _: ff8 $ and 2,935,267, which are incorporated herein by reference. Generally, upon completion of the expansion process, the expanded material will contain 5 to 20% of unexpanded ore. The unexpanded ore is darker in color and higher in density than expanded perlite. It has been found that the unexpanded ore constitutes that portion in the expanded perlite which is primarily responsible for scratching and damaging surfaces when expanded perlite is used as an abrasive on such surfaces. The relatively dark particles also help create the impression of poor rinsing when such material is used on light colored surfaces. In accordance with the present invention, the proportion of nodular expanded ore shall be reduced to an amount of 2% or less of the weight of the expanded perlite , preferably less than 1 %. All percentages are given . of unexpanded ore are given in this context as a percentage of the total weight of perlite abrasive (ie actual expanded perlite plus unexpanded ore).

The presence of water vapor bubbles leads to the relatively low density of the abrasive made of expanded perlite, especially that perlite material,

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that was not broken after expanding. When the expanded perlite is crushed after expanding, numerous bubbles are converted into irregular, polyhedral, scale-like particles of perlite abrasive material. Regardless of whether the material is in the crushed or unbroken state, expanded perlite has excellent grinding properties. However, the crushed material more likely to lead to a severe leakage through the ^w salt shaker "type apertures which are typical of conventional container can be where dry abrasive sold to the consumer. The more difficult issue is achieved by the packing together of the irregularly shaped particles to each other by the It is therefore preferred that the expanded perlite not be broken if it is to be used in a dry abrasive.

In liquid embodiments according to the present invention, the expanded perlite abrasive material carries contributes to the consistency of the phase of the composition. The expanded perlite with a relatively low density is more easily dispersed and suspended in the liquid compositions than is conventional Abrasives is the case. The expanded perlite abrasive also tends less to phase separate and form clear layers in preferred liquids Compositions according to the invention which have false bodies or are present in ttLxotropic ozm.

It is important that the expanded perlite abrasive material used in the present invention be within the stated limits of particle size and density, have an unexpanded ore content of less than 2 % , preferably less than 1 % , based on the total weight of expanded perlite, and is contained in the particular proportions in the compositions according to the invention.

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Compliance with these parameters within specific ranges contributes to the fact that the compositions according to the invention the unexpected, desirable scouring and rinsing behavior with little or none at all Show scratches on the treated surfaces.

The size of essentially all, i.e. of at least 90% of the particles of the expanded perlite, which are employed in the compositions according to the present invention should be in the range; from about 1 to 190 microns, preferably in one Diameter range from approximately 20 to 110 microns. In the terms of conventional sieve analysis, one means such a limitation that a relatively small proportion of the abrasive base, preferably less than about 5% is retained on a sieve with a * 'and a relatively small proportion of the abrasive deposit, preferably less than about 5% as dust is less than 1 micron in diameter. Of course, the mean particle size of the abrasive formulation will be within the stated Hikron ranges lie.

The particle density of the expanded perlite abrasive material useful in the present invention is described as the mean bulk density of the dry material. The term "bulk density" such as it is used in the context of the present invention is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing the Material weight through the apparent volume of the plague bodies, obtained when a container is loosely filled with the material that is calculated. The apparent volume is made by measuring the overall dimensions of the bed of solids formed by loose filling and calculating, of the volume is determined from these dimensions. The bulk density is expressed in grams per cm (lbs. Per cu.ft.). ♦) clear mesh size of 0.208 mm

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The bulk density of the expanded perlite material should be in a range from about 0.048OS g / 'evr to about

0.48060 g / cm ⁵ (3 to 30 lbs. / Cu.ft.), preferably

(8 to 15 lbs./cu.ft.) of about 0.12816 to etv / a 0.24030 g / cn ⁵ lie. For liquid abrasives, it is preferred that the bulk density of the expanded perlite abrasive material of the present invention be in the range of about 0.06408 to about 0.52040 g / cm ⁵ (4 to 20 lbs./cu.ft.) , more preferably from about 0.11214

to about 0.19224 g / cm ⁵ (J to 12 lbs./cu.ft.).

Expanded perlite abrasives used as the starting material for the manufacture of the perlite reduced ore abrasive according to the present invention are suitable, represent commercially available products. Such materials are in various qualities of several Available from companies such as The Johns-Manville Products Corporation, The Silbrico Corporation and U.S. Gypsum Co.

A typical commercially available expanded perlite is that sold under the designation "Grade 40-1" by The Silbrico Corporation. This material has an average bulk density at the lower end of the above range and is particularly suitable for liquid compositions according to the present invention. This particular expanded perlite has an average bulk density of about 0.09612 to 0.19224 g / cm ⁵ (6 to 12 lbs./ca.ft.) And shows the following typical sieve analysis:

Sieve analysis for "Grade 40-1";

clear mesh size .............

(well) Weight Ϊ

-0.01, +0.59 "Ί ^z 2 ~" ~

-0.59, +0.297 10-13

-O, 297, + 0.1 * 9 30-35

-O.149, + 0.105 12-14

-0.105 ^ * 0, '071 42

-0.074 'Best, less than 5

- = material goes through + = Material remains

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This product typically contains around 5 to 10 % By weight unexpanded ore.

For the purposes of the present invention , this material must be further processed, for example by Sieljen, to separate particles with a particle size greater than 190 microns and less than 1 micron. The unexpanded ore is then separated from the material with the desired particle size, as described in more detail below.

The proportion of unexpanded ore in a sample of expanded perlite can be determined by the following test.

25 g of the perlite to be tested are suspended by tremendous shaking in 700 ml of water in a 1 liter separating funnel. The separating funnel is placed in a ring carrier. A dry sponge is placed below the discharge pipe of the separating funnel. The unexpanded ore contained in the sample separates out of the water as a dark colored (gray, brown or black) layer. The settling speed is accelerated by gently placing the funnel on the dry sponge at one-minute intervals. Compartment settling for 7 minutes , the dark unexpanded ore collects at the bottom, while fragments of expanded perlite form a white layer over the ore , and the remaining expanded perlite is either suspended in the water or floats on the surface of the water.

A second vaginal funnel is filled with 700 ml of water and attached to a ring stand. The first separating funnel is now quickly raised, the tap opened and all of the dark-colored, unexpanded ore together with the surrounding water is allowed to flow out and into the second separating funnel. A small proportion of fragments from the white layer will typically inadvertently go with the dark, unexpanded process

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v / because it is practically impossible to close the stalk exactly at the point in time at which the dark material is withdrawn. In the second separating funnel, the solids are allowed to settle for 3 minutes, using the separating funnel at intervals of 50 seconds to a dry one The sponge is left to burp slightly. In this second separation stage there is significantly less white expanded material Material before than in the first separation stage. Separation by allowing it to settle is therefore much more rapid. The dark, unexpanded ore is drained from the funnel into a 100 ml beaker. Then be careful while avoiding turbulence, 20 ml of carbon tetrachloride were introduced into the beaker and the mixture was added is left to stand for a few minutes. The top layer the white perlite fragments it contains are carefully decanted with a syringe and pipette. These The procedure is then carried out with the addition of additional 20 ml Carbon tetrachloride and then repeated by 20 ml of water. After you weaned, the liquid will turn back carefully decanted, removing any remaining Perlite fragments are removed. The dark unexpanded one Ore is then placed in a well ventilated furnace at 105 ° C dried to constant weight '. The percentage of unexpanded ore is calculated by adding the The net weight of dried unexpanded ore is divided by the 25 g sample weight.

A typical commercially available expanded perlite is composed of the following types of particles: 1. Expanded perlite particles with an intact internal honeycomb structure, the closed one contains inner cells (a maximum proportion of this type of structure is particularly desirable for liquid abrasive compositions).

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2. Fragments of the honeycomb structure made by one Rupture of the cellular material.

3- Expanded particles with a honeycomb structure, which partially represent something in between, as at least some of the inner cells through Water can be penetrated.

4. Unexpanded pearlite ore particles.

The unexpanded ore found in expanded perlite inevitably in amounts of 5% or more by weight (typically 5 to 20 wt .-%), can according to any of the numerous known methods for separating heavy particles from light particles.

A preferred method of separating unexpanded ore particles is by means of an air classifier. This is a device that works on the principle of separating heavier from light Particle in a field of high centrifugal force works. The input material (i.e. the commercial expanded perlite) is suspended in a rapid stream of air and introduced into a high centrifugal force field where it is separated into two streams. In a typical procedure, the centrifugal force field pushes the material into a fan caused air flow transported upwards. The lighter particles are then released radially by rotating selector vanes deducted. The heavier particles, on the other hand, are either not carried along by the ascending air flow or move at too slow a speed to be able to pass through the rotating selector blades *

The air separators are commercially available equipment components, for example the 'Super-Fine Air Separator " from Sturdavant Mill Co., Boston, Mass. and the "Whizzer Mechanical Air Separator" from Combustion Engineering, C.E. Raymond Division, Chicago, 111.

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When using the V / ind classification, it is advisable to to separate a high proportion of unexpanded ore from expanded perlite without the particles containing the very desired one to shred the intact honeycomb cell structure to a considerable extent. Typically be the largest particles with the intact honeycomb structure most likely together with the fraction of unexpanded Ore is separated because these large particles (generally 200 microns or more in diameter) largest unit weight of all particles of the expanded Exhibit perlite. If it is for economic reasons it is desirable to recover these large particles> · Can be an additional process stage, such as flotation or centrifugation or grinding with subsequent Flotation or v / in sifting (which will be described in more detail below), applied to these large Separate particles from the unexpanded ore. When using a flotation or centrifugal separation can the particles are recovered intact, while if a comminution is undertaken as part of the treatment, the large particles can be obtained in the form of broken fragments.

Other suitable means of separating unexpanded ore from expanded perlite are as follows: A. Use of a gravity settling chamber (see Chemical Engineering Handbook, 3rid.Ed., page 1021, which is incorporated herein by reference). The Schwerkraf tabsetzkammer consists of a chamber through which the particles are transported in an air stream, the speed of the air stream within the chamber being reduced to one

Such is ί reduced, sufficient to carry the light particles through the chamber and causes the heavy particles fall down into the chamber.

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B. YJasser flotation:

The expanded perlite is placed in a bath of water that contains a wetting agent. Bas unexpanded Ore sinks rapidly and is withdrawn, whereas the intact expanded particles do float and the fragments of expanded particles and those expanded particles whose Honeycomb structure is partially destroyed, slowly sink.

C. Centrifugal separation:

• The perlite is mixed with water and placed in a centrifuge. A suitable choice The centrifuge speed means that the Heavy ore particles are separated from the expanded perlite under the action of centrifugal force will.

D. Crushing and subsequent separation:

In this process, the expanded perlite is crushed into fragments using mechanical energy. The crushed fragments are lighter than unexpanded ore and can be from the ore, for example by air sifting, gravity settling, flotation or centrifugal separation, such as just explained, separated.

The expanded perlite abrasive material according to the present invention, in the inventive Scheuermittelsusammensetzungen in an amount of about 1 to 65 wt -% used. These weight percentages include any residual pin expanded ore that remained in the expanded perlite material after the treatment to separate that ore. As mentioned above, the expanded perlite abrasive material contains according to the present invention is less "than about 5 wt .-% of unexpanded ore. For liquid systems, the concentration of expanded perlite abrasive is generally in a range from about 2 to 25 wt. -%, preferably from about 3 to 15% by weight. The concentration lies in granular systems.

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of expanded perlite abrasive generally in a range from about 2 to 65% by weight, preferably from about 15 to 50% by weight.

Filler material:

The third essential component of the compositions according to the present invention is a filler material, which can be an inorganic, alkaline salt, water or a mixture of such salts with water, depending on whether the composition is liquid or granular in nature is. It is preferred that the salts be water soluble, i.e., that they be at least to the extent of about 1% by weight in Are soluble in water at 25 ° C.

The inorganic, alkaline salts can have other functions in addition to their function as filler material exercise. Such salts can be used, for example, as buffering agents or detergent builders.

Buffer means .:

It is preferred that the pH of the compositions according to the present invention and of aqueous cleaning solutions thereof within the alkaline range is kept, u * to achieve an optimal cleaning effect. If liquid or grainy Bleach-containing systems are produced, it is particularly preferred to adjust the pH of the composition or use in the range of about 10.5 to 12.5 BU.

As the preferred inorganic filler according to the present invention, as far as this filler is used as a buffering agent Any material or mixture can be used of materials used v / ground that has the effect of changing the pH of the composition or the solution of the Move the composition to the alkaline range (preferably from 10.5 to 12.5J and keep it there. Such materials include, for example, various

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water-soluble inorganic salts, such as the carbonates,

Bicarbonates, Se squi carbonate, silicates, pyrophosphates, Ot * t * "ho" h ο τ * ά * fc € *

Phosphates, tetraborates, and mixtures thereof. As examples of materials that either alone or can be used in combination as an inorganic buffer salt in the context of the present invention, are called sodium carbonate, ITodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, Sodium silicate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, "anhydrous Sodium tetraborate, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Among the preferred Filler salts useful as buffering agents in the compositions of the present invention include mixtures of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and trisodium phosphate with a pyrophosphate / phosphate weight ratio of about 5: 1, mixtures of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and tripotassium phosphate with a pyrophosphate / phosphate weight ratio of about 3: 1 and mixtures of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium stasilicate with a carbonate / Metasilicate weight ratio of about 3: 1

As will be explained in more detail below, it is very desirable to include in the compositions according to FIG to incorporate in the present invention a material which acts as a detergent builder, i.e. a material the concentration of free calcium and / or magnesium ions in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant. Some of the above Puffers also act as scaffolds materials. Such compounds as the carbonates, phosphates and pyrophosphates belong to this type. Other Buffering agent components, such as the silicates and tetraborates, on the other hand, have no builder effect.

Since the presence of detergent builder in is very desirable in the compositions according to the present invention, it is preferred that the buffering agent

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Contains at least one compound that can also act as a builder.

Detergent Builder:

The inorganic alkaline filler material can also be used advantageously as a detergent builder in the Compositions according to the present invention work. As already mentioned, numerous filler salts have an effect which are suitable as buffering agents, also as builders, i.e. as a material that reduces the content of free calcium and / or magnesium ions in an aqueous solution containing such ions suitable is.

In addition to these dual acting buffer / builder compounds of the type illustrated above, other inorganic builder compounds can be added which either alone or in combination with other salts have no buffering action within the preferred alkaline range or the particularly preferred pH range of 10.5 t> is 12.5 unfold. Typical of these optional builder compounds which do not necessarily operate within the preferred or especially preferred pH range buffering, certain Hexamet a phosphate and polyphosphates. Specific examples of such materials are sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate and potassium hexameta phosphate.

Other filler salts:

The inorganic filler salt may also be a material that neither f as a buffer or as detergent Gerüststof acts in the conventional sense. Such materials include, for example, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride.

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Water :

When liquid or semi-liquid compositions are contemplated in accordance with the present invention, the essential filler material comprises free water. As will be explained in more detail below, water is the medium in which abrasives and other materials are suspended or dispersed to form an abrasive liquid composition.

The water also serves to dissolve the soluble components of the compositions according to the present invention, such as the surfactant, filler salts and optional materials. Since transition metals are known to react with and deactivate some materials which are contemplated for use in the compositions of the present invention (e.g., bleach), "water" means "soft" or "deionized" for purposes of the present invention Water".

Some water can also be included in the granular compositions according to the present invention. The water in the granular compositions can either be in the form of water of hydration or in the form of free water that is absorbed by the granular components of the composition.

In the present invention, the term "water" can both free water, which is used as a solvent in liquid systems, as well as water, whether free or bound, refer contained in granular systems. In the context of this invention, the term "moisture" relates only to that water, be it free or bound, which is present in granular systems.

Must contain While the liquid compositions according to the present invention, free water, mixtures of water and inorganic salt ",

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2739778

such liquid systems preferably also contain one or more inorganic buffering agents and / or detergent builders. A particularly preferred filler component for liquid compositions according to the present invention is therefore a mixture of water and inorganic salt.

While the granular compositions according to the present invention comprise an inorganic salt or a Such granular compositions must contain fillers almost inevitably contain some moisture. A particularly preferred filler component for the granular compositions according to the present invention. · Is therefore a mixture of moisture and inorganic salt.

Concentration of filler material:

The filler component makes up the remainder of the composition, besides the essential surfactant Means and the abrasive and among any other optional materials.

For liquid compositions, the amount of water is preferably in a range from about 10 to 90 % by weight, more preferably from about 50 to 90% by weight, and the concentration of the inorganic salt is preferably in a range from about 1 to 15% by weight .-%, particularly preferably from about 5 to 10 wt.

For granular compositions, the concentration of moisture generally ranges from trace amounts to to about 30% by weight “and the concentration of inorganic Salt is preferably in a range from about 10 to 50 wt. 56, particularly preferably from about 15 to 40 wt.

Optional materials:

As mentioned above, the compositions according to the present invention can, in addition to the essential ingredients of surfactant, abrasives

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-3V

and filler component contain numerous vex ⁱ various optional materials. These include the following:

Bleach:

The compositions according to the present invention may, if desired, contain a bleaching agent. Here Any suitable bleach can be used which contains active chlorine or active oxygen in aqueous solution supplies.

A particularly preferred bleach is a that which gives a hypochlorite species in aqueous solution. The hypochlorite ion is done chemically the formula OCl "illustrates. Hypochlorite ion is a powerful oxidizing agent and for this reason materials that provide this species are considered powerful bleaching agents.

The strength of an aqueous solution containing hypochlorite ions is in the form of available chlorine measured. This represents the oxidative power of the solution which is measured by the ability of the solution to release iodine from an acidified iodide solution. A hypochlorite ion has the oxidative power of 2 chlorine atoms, i.e. from one molecule of chlorine gas.

At low pH values, aqueous solutions contain which are formed by dissolving hypochlorite-producing compounds, active chlorine; occasionally in

^ Form of residues of hypochlorous acid and partially in the form of hypochlorite ions. At pH values above 10, i.e. at the preferred pH values of the compositions in accordance with the present invention, substantially all of the active chlorine is in the form of hypochlorite ions before.

809811/0788

The bleaching agents that produce a hypochlorite species in aqueous solution include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hypochlorites, hypochlorite addition products, chloramines, chlorimines, chloramides and chlorimides. Specific examples of compounds of this type are ITatriumhypochlorit, potassium hypochlorite, monobasic Cal ^c iumhypochlorit, dibasic Wagnesiumhypochlorit, chlorinated trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, Ealiumdichlor isocyanurate, trichlorocyanuric acid, Katriumdichlorisocyanurat, sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl ^ __ Jtiydantoin, IT-chlorosulfamide, chloramine T, dichloramine T, chloramine B and dichloramine B. A preferred bleaching agent for the compositions according to the present invention is liatric hypochlorite.

Most of the hypochlorite-providing bleaches described above are in solid or concentrated form Shape available. Some of the above materials are also available as aqueous solutions.

Among the oxygen bleaches that are used in the inventive Compositions used include all such products that are generally used are common in household cleaning agents, for example hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, aluminum monopersulphate and sodium percarbonate.

If the bleaching agents described above are contained, they can generally make up about 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably about 0.2 to 50% by weight, in liquid compositions. In solid granular compositions, such bleaching agents are generally contained in amounts of from about 0.2 to 30% by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to 4% by weight.

Bleach Stabilizers:

In liquid compositions according to the present invention containing bleaching agents, a

809811/0788

Stabilization of the bleaching agent in general by a careful selection of bleaching agents and non-interfering surfactants and suspending agents achieved *.

For granular systems that contain bleach, it may be desirable to include a stabilizer for the bleach. For some types of For bleaches, especially for oxygen bleaches, this material can be a water-soluble bleach stabilizer selected from a group consisting of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of an acid with an ionization constant for the first hydrogen atom of

- Tt ο

at least 1 χ 10 ^ at 25 C. In general, can the stabilizing salts mentioned include some of the same materials as inorganic filler salts may exist. The stabilizing salts include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium sulfates, bisulfates, nitrates, phosphates, pyrophosphates, polyphosphates and hexametaphosphates. Specific examples of such materials are magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, Lithium sulfate, damn thyl ammonium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, Potassium bisulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, Magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, Trisodium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, Potassium pyrophosphate and sodium tetraphosphate. Stabilizing agents of this type are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3 £ 39 described in more detail, to which reference is hereby made. For chlorine bleach, especially N-chlorimides, Sodium acetate is a particularly preferred stabilizer. The use of this material as a bleach stabilizer is described in more detail in US Pat. No. 3,829,385, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

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COPY

The bleach stabilizer is used in granular compositions preferably in amounts from 0 to about 15% by weight the composition used.

Suspending agent ^:

For liquid compositions according to the present Invention, it is particularly preferred to use a means or Apply material that the perlite abrasive in the liquid composition suspended and dispersed. Such materials can be any of those substances the one thickened, plastic, colloidal, pasty, form thlxotropic or false body composition, - when mixed with the free water that is in liquid compositions is included. To this Substances include any inorganic or organic materials generally recognized in the art as Thickening or suspending agents are known, for example colloid-forming gums and clays.

In the tap of the present invention, inorganic colloid-forming clays from the group of smectites, attapulgites and mixtures of smectites and attapulgites are particularly preferred as suspending agents. These clay materials combine with the free water of the liquid compositions according to the present invention to form fluids . Compositions with false body structure.

False body ^ll fluids are related, but not identical to pluids, which have thLxotropic properties. Real thLxotropic materials collapse completely under the action of high stresses and behave like real liquids, even after the stress has been removed, until the structure is restored False-body materials, on the other hand, do not completely lose their solid-state properties after the stress is removed and can still have a flow value, even if this may be reduced.

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The original flow level is only reached again, if such fluids are allowed to stand for considerable periods of time (see "Hon Newtonian Fluids" »Wilkinson, Permagon Press (1960)).

Those preferred in the context of the present invention False body compositions are highly viscous at rest, exhibit Bingham plasticity, and are relatively iron high flow rate. These are preferred compositions exposed to shear stress, for example shaken in a bottle or through an opening In other words, these compositions fluidize and are easily removed. If the action of the Shear stress is canceled, the inventive return Clay-containing compositions quickly revert to a highly viscous, Bingham plastic state.

The aforementioned clays and their use in formulating fluid / false body abrasives is in detail in BE-PS 817 Ί43 which are hereby incorporated by reference.

In general, compositions comprising clay blends exhibit increased and prolonged fluidity upon exposure to shear stress, but still provide sufficiently thickened solutions when flow is not required. Clay mixtures with a smectite / attapulgite weight ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 5 are preferred, ratios of 2: 1 to Λ : 2 are particularly preferred, a ratio of etvra. 1: 1 is most preferred.

The clays or other types of suspending agents are in the liquid compositions according to the present invention Invention in an amount of about 1 to 30 wt. S6, preferably from about 2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the entire composition included.

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Anti-dust agent:

Since expanded perlite is a rather dusty material when dry, the dry, granular abrasives according to the present invention tend to be somewhat dusty. This dusting can be avoided by spraying suitable anti-dusting agents onto the expanded perlite itself and / or onto the finished product. The anti-dusting agents suitable for this purpose include mineral oil, saturated aliphatic C _1Q - bis

Ctq hydrocarbons, such as dodecane, hexadecane, Octadecane and docosane, and surfactants from anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic Type, for example those described above under the term "surfactants" have been. Preferred surfactants for use as anti-dust agents are non-ionic alkylene oxide condensation products described above. Are particularly preferred nonionic alkylene oxide condensates that are liquid at room temperature, for example "Tergitol 15-S-9" (a ethoxylated secondary alcohol with an average alkyl chain length of about 15 carbon atoms and a content of about 9 ethylene oxide groups) or Hbnylphenol, which condenses with eti ^ a 9> 5 moles of ethylene oxide is. Such surfactants that are solids at room temperature can be melted or be converted into a thin paste with water and sprayed onto the grains to be dedusted. as Antidusting agent, Tergitol 15-S-9 is particularly preferred.

The amount of anti-dust agent employed will generally be from about 0.01 to about 2.9 % , preferably from about 0.05 to 1% and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.7 % of the total composition. The anti-dust agent can be sprayed on the expanded perlite before the composition is prepared,

809811/0788

it can be sprayed on all of the composition after it is made, or part of the anti-dusting agent can be sprayed onto the perlite, and the remainder onto the composition after its manufacture will. A preferred method is to spray about 80% of the anti-dust agent onto the perlite, to mix the remaining dry components with the perlite and then the rest of the anti-dust agent, to be sprayed on mixed with other liquid components to be added (e.g. perfume).

Additional grinding material:

In addition to the essential expanded perlite abrasive material described above, both the liquid and granular compositions according to the present invention. proportion of of common abrasives.

The common abrasives are generally water-insoluble and have a particle size of 1 to 250 liikron and have a specific weight of 1.0 to 5.0.

These optional abrasives can be, for example, quartz, pumice stone, pumicite, titanium dioxide (TiOp), quartz sand, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, Zirconium silicate, diatomaceous earth, chalk, triple, melamine resins, urea-formaldehyde resins and feldspar. This list of sample trips is not a limitation of the optionally added abrasives. Mixtures of different types of abrasives can also be used used v / earth. In the compositions according to the invention, so-called optional abrasives are used "v / oak" abrasives preferred, such as calcium carbonate, Melamine and urea ormaldehyde resins to take advantage of the « "Non-scratching" of such compositions as a whole.; ,,. » to maintain.

809811/0788

It is important that any optional common abrasive materials included in the inventive Compositions exist that are limited to a relatively small amount, ura those in the context of the present invention to maintain particularly desirable rinsing properties. It is therefore preferred that common abrasives 0 to about 15% by weight of the composition, particularly preferably 0 to 5% by weight of dex · composition.

Additional builders:

In addition to the inorganic filler salts described above, which act as detergent builders can act, it is possible both in the liquid and in the granular abrasives according to the present invention Invention to incorporate organic materials that act as builders. Such materials For example, any of the known polycarboxylate builders can be used such as citrates, mellitates, oxydiacetates, nitrilotriacetates or oxydisuccinate salts or any of the known organic phosphonate builders, like the salts of ethane hydroxydiphosphonic acid. In general, organic builders are used used in the absence of bleach.

The additional organic builders make O to about 20 wt -.% Of the composition.

Various optional materials:

Both the liquid and granular compositions according to the present invention can contain various optional adjuvants intended to improve the properties or appearance of the compositions. Optional materials that improve the properties of the compositions include such adjuvants as bleach catalysts, which can be sulfamic acid, sulfamic acid derivatives, and bromides. Other adjuvants are calcium oxide or hydroxide.

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The use of these, performance enhancing. . Adjuvants in compositions of the type according to the invention is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,583.922 and in US-PS 3, 715 31 ¹ "closer", is incorporated herein by reference.

Optional materials that enhance the external appearance of the composition include common perfumes, dyes and dyes that to chemical interaction with other components of the compositions according to the invention are persistent.

If such various optional materials are included, they can generally constitute from 0% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

Preparation of the composition:

The abrasive detergent compositions of the present invention, both liquid and granular, can be prepared by mixing the essential and optional components described above in the appropriate concentrations, using any order and any convenient means to form the desired composition can be complied with. In preparing the liquid compositions, of course, some shear is required to achieve proper mixing. The extent of the shear movement can actually be used here to vary the nature of the liquid compositions prepared in this way as desired.

In a particularly preferred method for preparing liquid false body compositions, a certain order of addition of the components and a certain type of shear motion to be applied To obtain compositions which have particularly desirable properties with regard to the suspension of the

809811/0788

Ai-

Use abrasives and phase separation. In one a fluid false-body phase by mixing water, colloid-forming agent, Dye, perfume and, if necessary, a small amount Formed in builder material with a relatively high shear movement. In this false body phase are then surfactants and additional builder mixed in. Thereupon a separate attachment is made of bleach and abrasives prepared and added to the false body phase under wet shear to achieve a uniform and homogeneous false body composition.

Cleaning hard surfaces:

The liquid and granular compositions according to the present invention are used in a conventional manner for Used to clean hard surfaces. In doing so, Apply effective amounts of the liquid composition of the present invention directly to hard surfaces applied and used as such. The granular compositions according to the present invention are .in effective amounts as aqueous solutions from ^ about 1 to about 50% by weight of the granular composition to the applied to hard surfaces.

After application to the surface to be cleaned, the compositions or their solutions are in wiped over the surface using a common V / eise while applying pressure. Anyone can be used for this purpose known household cleaning substrates, e.g. a wipe, sponge, mops, brush, broom or the like

After wiping the hard surface to be cleaned, the surface is rinsed in the usual V / eise with water, around both the remaining composition and dirt-mad stain material that was used during the scrubbing process loosened or loosened.

809811/0788

In the following examples the liquid and granular detergents according to the present invention illustrated in more detail.

Example 1: 453.6 kg (1000 lbs.) Of a commercially available expanded perlite material consisting of 95% expanded perlite and 5 % unexpanded ore (this ore consisted of perlite which was unexpanded and / or various impurities which naturally contained in pearlite ore) were introduced into a 91 τ ^ cm (36 inch) air separator of the Sturdevant Super-Fine Air Separator type. A wing speed of 1250 rpm with 30 deflector wings was maintained. Using a cyclone, 79 ° / ° of the feed was recovered as a separated product from the air stream. In the product obtained, the proportion of unexpanded ore was determined by the test method described above and was 0.72% by weight? » of the product. The remaining 21 % of the feed was collected as return material and consisted of unexpanded ore, impurities and the coarsest particles of expanded © perlite contained in the feed stream.

. The separated product showed a bulk density of 0.16020 g / cm² (10 lbs./cu.ft.) And a particle size distribution wherein essentially all of the particles are within the range of about 10 to about 190 microns in diameter lay. -

Example 2: A false body remedy for hard 0!
Composition prepares:

Abrasives for hard surfaces, the following

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Barasym IiAS-IOO ⁺ 4.25 Te t r akal iumpyropho spha t 6.0 Tripical iuniphosphate 2-0 Sodium hyDochlorite
(Bleach) 0.9 Sodium! auryl alky1 sulfate
(surfactant) 0.25 expanded pearlite
Disposable agent of Example 1 8.0 Dye and perfume 0.75 deionized water rest 1O0, O0 pH of the composition = 11.5

⁺ A saponite type of smectite clay from Baroid Division, NL Industries, Inc.

The composition described above is prepared by adding some tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, trical iumphosphate, clay, dye, perfume and deionized as Water are mixed, with a relatively high required for the formation of a flowable false-body phase Shear motion is applied. Then a slurry of the pearlite grinder is made, surfactant Agent made from alkyl sulfate, additional builder, aqueous sodium hypochlorite and deionized water and slowly added to the false body phase, while the false body phasa with moderate shear action is liquefied.

The scouring agent obtained is of the false body type, i.e. it is gel-like when at rest, but becomes slightly fluidized when exposed to shear stress. At rest, the composition holds the perlite abrasive in place in a uniformly suspended dispersion. If the composition is horizontal or vertical hard surfaces is applied, it is

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not fluid and does not run off noticeably on such surfaces.

Such a composition exhibits negligible separation into clear phases and negligible degradation of the bleach and / or surfactant over a storage period of 6 weeks. When used neat, such a composition is found to be an effective means of removing stains and dirt from hard surfaces with less scratching than does a similar composition in which the unexpanded ore does not separate from the expanded perlite has been. Furthermore, there is very little or no abrasive residue or orobkom left on the hard surface after the detergent composition has been rinsed off.

Example 3 ^: A granular abrasive agent for cleaning hard surfaces> with the following composition is prepared:

Component weight%

Sodium-linear-C ^ g-alkyl- 3.8 benzenesulfonate expanded perlite grinding 38.0 medium according to example 1 16.02 Trisodium phosphate 3.0 Sodium trip olypho sphat 1.2 Sodium hyp ο chiorit 0.38 Sodium sulfamate 13.00 Sodium sulfate 7.1 Various additions 17.5 humidity

100.00 pH on application = 11.8

809811/078 8

This composition is an effective means of Removes stains and dirt from hard surfaces with less scratching of the surface than it occurs at a similar composition in which the unexpanded ore does not expand Perlite is separated ·. ·. It also depends on such There is very little filming and streaking on surfaces, and very little remains. Abrasive residue or coarse grain on such hard surfaces after flushing away the abrasive composition return.

For: The Procter & Gamble Company Cincinnati. Ohio, V.St.A.

Dr.H.Ehr.Beil Lawyer

8981 1/0788

Claims (1)

Claims; 1. Abrasive cleaning agent for hard surfaces, characterized by a content of (A) about 0.1 to 15 weight percent of an anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactants; (B) about 1 to 65 weight percent of particulate expanded perlite abrasive material that is substantially all of a particle size of 1 to 190 microns, a bulk density of about 0.048Ο6 to about 0.48060 g / cm3 and an amount of unexpanded perlite ore of less than 2% by weight; and (C) a residue that is an inorganic alkaline salt, water or mixtures thereof as a filler. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of unexpanded perlite ore in the expanded perlite abrasive material is less than 1 % . 3. Liquid, abrasive cleaning agent for hard surfaces, characterized in that it contains: (A) from about 0.1 to about 7 weight percent of an anionic, nonionic ampholytic, or zwitterionic surfactant; (B) about 2 to 25 parts by weight of particulate expanded perlite abrasive material having essentially a particle size of 1 to 190 microns, a bulk density of about 0.04806 to about 0.48060 g / cm ^3, and a proportion of unexpanded perlite ore has less than 2 wt%; (C) about 1 to 30 percent by weight of a suspending agent containing the keeping expanded perlite abrasive material dispersed in the liquid composition; and 809 811/0788 (D) a residue that is an inorganic alkaline salt, water or mixtures thereof as filler, the concentration of the water being about 10 to 90 wt. the composition amounts to. 4. Means according to claim 3, characterized in that the proportion of unexpanded perlite ore in the expanded perlite abrasive material is less than about 1 wt. and that the suspending agent is a colloid-forming clay, namely a smectite, attapulgite or a mixture of smectites with attapulgites. 5. Means according to claim 3, characterized in that there is also about 0.1 to 10 wt. contains a bleach, that releases either active chlorine or active oxygen in aqueous solution, and that the surfactant is one the following bleach-stable agent is: (A) A water soluble alkyl sulfate containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; or (B) a water-soluble surfactant represented by the general formula ^R 2 CH ₂ OX wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R ,, which can be the same or different, denote alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and the sum of the carbon atoms of the radicals R-, R ₂ and R-, 10 to 20, and X is one the radicals -SO ₅ M, -CH ₂ COOM, -CH ₂ CH ₂ COOM, - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n SO ₃ M or - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n COOM, in which η is a number of 1 to 40, and M represent an alkali metal. 6. Means according to claim 5, characterized in that (A) the expanded perlite abrasive material in an amount of about 3 to 15 wt. the agent is included; 80981 1/0788 (B) the suspending agent is an inorganic colloid-forming clay, namely a smectite, attapulgite or mixtures of Smectites and attapulgites, the clay being a flowable one when mixed with the water component of the filler False body medium forms; and (C) the bleach in aqueous solution is a hypochlorite species results. 7. Means according to claim 6, characterized in that the filler component contains an inorganic salt or salt mixture that acts as a buffer and the pH value of the agent in the alkaline Can keep range, wherein the concentration of the inorganic salt or salt mixture about 1 to about 15 percent by weight of the agent amounts to. 8. Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the inorganic Salt or salt mixture maintain the pH of the composition in the range of 10.5 to 12.5 and also act as a detergent builder which can act to reduce the content of free calcium and / or magnesium ions in an aqueous solution serves. 9. Means according to claim 8, characterized in that (A) the surfactant is a water soluble alkyl sulfate having about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group is; (B) Substantially all of the particulate expanded perlite abrasive material has a particle size of from about 20 to 110 microns; (C) the inorganic salt component of the filler is water-soluble and is a carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, Is silicate, pyrophosphate, phosphate, tetraborate, or a mixture thereof; (D) the bleach is an alkali metal hypochlorite, alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, Hypochlorite addition product, Chloramij is chloramine, chloramide or chlorimide and in an amount from about 0.2 to 5 weight percent of the agent is present; and B 09BU 4JlB 8 copy (E) the suspending agent is a smectite clay. 10. Granular, abrasive cleaning agent for hard surfaces, characterized by a content of (A) about 1.5 to 10 weight percent of an anionic, nonionic, amphoIytic or zwitterionic surface-active Means; and (B) about 2 to 65 weight percent of a particulate expanded Perlite abrasive material that has a virtually entirely particle size of 1 to 190 microns, a bulk density of about 0.04806 to about 0.48060 g / cm ^ and a proportion of has less than about 1 weight percent unexpanded pearlite ore. 11. Composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the low proportion of unexpanded ore in the expanded Perlite abrasive material has been obtained by a process in which essentially all of the intact cell structure of the expanded perlite particles is retained. 12. Means according to claim 11, characterized in that this low content was obtained by air sifting expanded perlite abrasive material. 13. Agent according to claim 11, characterized in that it additionally contains about 0.2 to 30 percent by weight of a bleaching agent, which releases either active chlorine or active oxygen in aqueous solution. Ik. Agent according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface-active agent is a water-soluble alkyl ether sulfate, the alkyl group being about Has 10 to 20 carbon atoms and the alkyl ether sulfate contains about 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide; or a is water soluble alkyl benzene sulfonate, the alkyl radical containing from about 9 to about 14 carbon atoms. 809811/0788 ~ 5 15. Means according to claim 13, characterized in that (A) the expanded pearlite abrasive material in an amount of about 15 to 50 weight percent of the agent is present; and (B) the bleach in aqueous solution provides a hypochlorite species and in an amount of about 0.5 to 4% by weight! of the agent is present. 16. Agent according to claim 15, characterized in that the filler component contains an inorganic salt or salt mixture, that acts as a buffer and adjusts the pH of a 50% aqueous Solution of the agent in the alkaline range can keep, the concentration of the inorganic salt or salt mixture approximately to 50% by weight of the agent. 17. Means according to claim 16, characterized in that (A) the surfactant is an alkali metal or alkanolamine salt of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid in which the The alkyl portion is linear and has an average of 12 carbon atoms; (B) Substantially all of the particulate expanded Perlite abrasive material has a particle size of about 20 to 110 microns; (C) the inorganic salt component of the filler is a water-soluble carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, silicate, Is pyrophosphate, phosphate, tetraborate, or a mixture thereof; and (D) the bleach is an alkali metal hypochlorite, alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, hypochlorite addition product »chloramine, Is chlorimine, chloramide or chlorimide. 18. Agent according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally contains: (A) 0 to 15% by weight of the composition of a bleach stabilizer; 809811/0788 (B) O to 15% by weight of the agent of additional water-insoluble, Abrasive material other than perlite with a particle size of 1 to 250 microns and an average specific gravity from 1.0 to 5.0; (C) 0 to 20 wt -% of the composition of an organic detergent builder. and (D) 0 to 10% by weight of the agent of sulfamic acid, a Sulfamic acid derivative, water-soluble bromide, calcium oxide, Calcium hydroxide, perfume and / or coloring agent as auxiliaries. 19 · Method for cleaning a hard surface, characterized in that one applying an effective amount of the agent according to claim 2 to the surface to be cleaned; wipes over this surface with a substrate while applying pressure and in doing so the agent back and forth over the surface emotional; and subsequently rinsing the surface with water. 20. A method for cleaning a hard surface, characterized in that one applying an effective amount of an aqueous solution of the agent according to claim 10 to the surface to be cleaned; wiping with a substrate under the application of pressure over this surface and thereby moving the solution of the agent back and forth over the surface; and subsequently
rinsing the surface with water. 809811 / 07.88