DE2712572A1 - LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

In order in a liquid-crystal display device having a helical structure of the liquid crystal to achieve as steep as possible a rise in the contrast with the voltage while at the same time avoiding induced domains, the electrode sides (3, 4) of the substrates (1, 2) of the display device are provided in each case with a boundary layer (10) by means of shadow casting. The casting directions are selected such that their components in the boundary layer planes enclose together with the viewing direction (S), given by the display content, of the device an angle of 90 DEG to 180 DEG for the upper and 0 DEG to 90 DEG for the lower substrate, measured in the sense of the helix of the liquid-crystal helical structure from the upper to the lower substrate. <IMAGE>

Description

Liquid crystal display device

The invention relates to a liquid crystal display device of high quality Display quality in which the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is applied at an angle interface-forming layers is determined.

In liquid crystal display devices of the eldeffect type the information in general by electrostatic mode of operation for display brought about, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules by an electric Field is changed. This type of liquid crystal display device works with low voltage and with little power consumption, allows one completely Free interpretation of the size and shape of the characters to be displayed and can be made in thinner Form are produced, which is why such display devices, for example, for Displaying digital clocks and desktop calculators widespread recognition and distribution have found.

The object of the invention is a liquid crystal display device to be specified with sharp span-contrast characteristics in which a display with higher contrast in a given viewing direction without generating any induced areas in the liquid crystal is possible.

I) The invention provides a liquid crystal display device an upper and a lower substrate, each having an inner surface with a have interface-forming layer produced by oblique vapor deposition, wherein the interface-forming layer has a surface with numerous contiguous ones Stripe regions whose width is greater than the length of the longitudinal axes of the liquid crystal molecule and the numerous staggered and successive flat and steep ramps have rising and falling roofs or bevels in such a way that that the layer thickness along the directional component of the vapor deposition parallel to the line surface of the associated substrate is progressively reduced or increased, with the arrangement of the flat and steep slopes by setting the steaming correct for vapor deposition on the upper and lower substrates with respect to a predetermined one Reference direction is determined parallel to the display area.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a conventional one Liquid crystal display device; Fig. 2 is a perspective View of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules and the application of the interface material in a conventional liquid crystal display device; Fig. 3 is a graph Representation of the dependence of the display contrast on the one on the electrodes Liquid crystal display device applied voltage; Fig. 4 is a perspective View of the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules and the shape of the interface layers in the display device according to the invention; a FIGS. 5A and 513 'are schematic Front or side view of a liquid crystal display device according to the invention, making up the relationship between the orientation of liquid crystal molecules and the direction of observation for the device is evident.

schematic representations FIGS. 5A to 6D # for a more detailed explanation the relationship of Fig. 5, wherein Fig. 6A is a front view of the upper substrate, 6B shows a cross-sectional view along the line VIB-VIB of FIGS. 6A, 6C a Front view of the lower substrate; and Figure 6D is a longitudinal cross-sectional view the line VID-VID of Figure 6C; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view the line VII-VII of Fig. 5A for explaining the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules under a voltage applied to the electrodes and the shape of the invention used (; interface layers; FIGS. 8A to 8C are schematic front views of the display device with examples of a direction of vapor deposition different from that shown in FIG. 5 Direction of vapor deposition of the interface material on the upper and lower Substrate, as well as FIGS. 9A to 9D schematic representations of various settings the direction of vapor deposition, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the direction is twisted clockwise from the top to the bottom substrate.

A conventional field effect type liquid crystal display device is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. She points a closer to On the viewer located glass substrate 1, which can represent one of the components, of which the display panel of the liquid crystal device is constructed, wherein a further substrate 2 is arranged opposite the substrate 1 (hereinafter briefly referred to as upper substrate 1 and lower substrate 2); the device has furthermore electrodes 3 and 4 made of transparent conductive layers of a predetermined shape on, on the opposite inner sides of the upper and lower Substrates 1 and 2 are produced; between the opposing inner surfaces a liquid crystal 5 is located on the upper and lower substrates.

The liquid crystal 5 has liquid crystal molecules 5a in progress rotated orientation so that the longitudinal axes of the in contact with the interface between the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 and the liquid crystal 5 standing molecules in the planes parallel to the upper or lower interface are rotated by 900 relative to one another, whereby the liquid crystal 5 is circularly polarized and has a corresponding optical rotation (cf.

A in Fig. 1).

On the outer surfaces of the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 polarization plates 6 and 7 are provided, the polarization axes of the orientation correspond to the liquid crystal molecules at the associated interfaces. Further is a reflective plate 8 on the outer surface of the polarizing plate 7 intended.

In this arrangement, from the front (i.e. from the top Side in Fig. 1) incident light polarized by the polarizer plate 6, im Liquid crystal 5 rotated by 90 ° and, through the polarizer plate 7, on the reflector plate 8 is reflected. When applying voltage to the upper electrode 3 and the lower electrode 4 loses the part under the influence of voltage of the liquid crystal its circular polarization, because the long axes of the molecules twisted in this area in a direction opposite to the twisting direction the orientation of the molecules towards the direction of the electric field is changed (see. B, C and D of Fig. 1).

The incident light polarized by the polarizer plate 6 is not rotated in this area of the liquid crystal and therefore by the polarizer plate 7 suppressed with the polarization axis rotated by 900, so that in this area no reflected light is obtained and the corresponding area appears dark. A pattern of predetermined contrast is created according to the shape of the electrodes 5 and 4 to which the voltage is applied are displayed.

By applying a voltage to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules 5a, which are parallel to the inner surfaces of the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate, respectively 2 are oriented, with the main shifting of one.

their ends a and b reoriented in their direction The result of this is that some of the liquid crystal molecules represented by C in FIG randomly in a partial area of the liquid crystal reversed as the normally arranged Molecules B and D are oriented. The creation of an area with liquid crystal molecules, which are oriented in such a reverse direction as C in Fig. 1 leads due to the difference in contrast between such and the other areas does not result in an even display. Such areas where liquid crystal molecules are reversely oriented are referred to as induced regions or domains; they lead to an extreme deterioration in the display quality. For elimination such induced areas were indicated, the inner surfaces of the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2, which are provided with the electrodes, with silicon dioxide or the like. to vaporize and so to produce sawtooth-shaped projections 9, which are indeed form in a statistical order but in a uniform alignment. After this In the process, the liquid crystal molecules 5a are inclined in a predetermined direction directed and are accordingly predetermined when a voltage is applied Arranged at the end so as to rise evenly, creating the appearance induced Areas is avoided. Such a predetermined inclination leads, however too blurred rise properties of the liquid crystal molecules 5a when applied a tension. Namely, if the liquid crystal molecules are previously in a predetermined Are arranged at an angle, the application of a small voltage changes the Orientation of some molecules in the direction of the electric field, whereby there is some contrast. The relationship between applied voltage and display contrast in this case is illustrated in curve (a) of Fig. 3, from which it can be seen that the contrast of the liquid crystal display with increasing voltage from a low Voltage value increases gradually. In the case of Fig. 1, in which the longitudinal axes of the liquid crystal molecules 5a are aligned parallel to the substrates a maximum contrast for a very small voltage change from R to Q sharp or reached quickly, as can be seen from curve (b) of FIG.

Conventional display devices with an arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules as in Fig. 2 are practical when operated statically; she however, are not favorably suited for dynamic operation that has a sharp Assumes an increase in the voltage-contrast characteristic. This is especially true in the Cases of dynamically operated displays for desktop computers with a large number of digits the case where a very sharp increase as a function of the voltage is required will.

To avoid these disadvantages, it was also indicated by a Oblique evaporation produced film as shown in Fig. 4 as an interface-forming film Layer for specifying the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules at the interface between the inner surfaces of the substrate and the liquid crystal. After that, for example Silica by oblique evaporation onto the surface of the lower substrate 2 vapor-deposited with the electrode 4 in the direction indicated by the arrow. Through suitable Adjustment of the evaporation conditions is before a silicon dioxide layer with a surface generated, which has numerous adjoining strip-shaped areas, the Width is greater than the length of the longitudinal axes of the liquid crystal molecules. each of the strip areas has a plurality of staggered and consecutive ones flat bevels 12 and steep bevels 11 in such a way that the layer thickness along the directional component of the vaporization direction parallel to the vaporization lines of the substrates for the flat or steep bevels 12 or ll progressively is decreased or increased. This creates a sawtooth-like layer with a plurality of successive projections 10 is generated. To create a such a layer is, for example, silicon dioxide at a vaporization rate of about 1 2 / s at an angle of about 680 to the normal on the inner surface of the substrate vaporized. Due to the steep slope 11 and the flat slope 12 of the projections 10, depressions 15 are parallel to the surface of the lower substrate 2 and perpendicular generated to the steaming direction. The substrate surface is located in this recess 15 closest liquid crystal molecule 5a with its longitudinal axis so in the Well that this coincides with the length of the well. On the upper one Substrate 1, on the other hand, becomes silica in the same manner by oblique evaporation at an angle of approximately 900 to the vapor deposition direction of the lower substrate 2 vaporized. The upper substrate 1 interacts with the lower substrate 2 so that that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a twisted orientation.

In the case of Fig. 4, the liquid crystal molecules 5a are from the lower one Substrate 2 seen towards the upper substrate 1, twisted clockwise. Different therefore, they are expressed accordingly when viewed from the upper substrate 1 twisted counterclockwise towards the lower substrate 2. When putting on a voltage to the upper and lower electrodes 5 and 4 change the liquid crystal molecules 5a their orientation to the direction of the electric field under this condition towards, i.e., a direction perpendicular to the lower substrate 2, where they are not twisted. In this way, those liquid crystal molecules which are closer to the lower substrate 2, rotated clockwise while the molecules located closer to the upper substrate 1 are rotated counterclockwise will. In terms of the original twist of 900 between directions of the liquid crystal molecules 5a in the vicinity of the inner surfaces of the upper and lower ones, respectively Substrates 1 and 2, the untwisted molecules finally achieve an arrangement at an intermediate angle of 450. When the liquid crystal molecules 5a change their orientation to change the direction of the electric field through rotation, the end b will through the steep slope 11 prevented from moving, as a result of which the Rotation is carried out with the end a, which moves up over the flat bevel 12 can.

As a result, all of the liquid crystal molecules become uniform in direction rearranged of the electric field, rotating in the same direction, without creating induced areas.

On the other hand, when liquid crystal molecules counterclockwise are twisted, they will be in the direction of the rearranged electric field, its end b being able to move up over the flat bevel 12. In this All liquid crystal molecules will also trap their orientation uniformly change to the direction of the electric field and rotate in the same direction.

Furthermore, since the liquid crystal molecules 5a are substantially at the same time rise from the position parallel to the surface of the lower substrate 2 results the relationship shown in Fig. 5 as curve (b) between the applied Voltage and the display contrast, which shows that the contrast for a very small voltage change from R to Q increases sharply.

The above description is of an operation with liquid crystal molecules related, in which the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in connection with the lower substrate 2 is changed in the electric field direction; the same thing however, this also applies to the upper substrate 1.

The liquid crystal display device having a layer as shown in Fig. 4 as an interface-forming layer still enables the formation of induced areas, what about the relative evaporation directions for generating the layers on the upper and lower substrate is dependent.

The following is the relationship between the vapor deposition directions to produce the interface-forming layers as in Fig. 4 on the top and the lower substrate and the direction in which the observer is viewing the liquid crystal display device considered. The relationship between the viewing direction and the display area the display device is shown in front and side views in FIGS. 5a and 5b, respectively. Generally, a display pattern is on Liquid crystal display devices, as they are used in wristwatches or desk calculators, easier to observe from an angle. In particular, such a display pattern is easiest from an angle of view from about 200 to the normal can be seen on the display surface.

As it is difficult to view the display area at an angle of more Observing than 500 to normal is usually at an angle of about 0 to 500 to the normal observed on the display surface. The arrow S indicates the Direction of observation by the observer, arrow 1 the oblique steaming direction for vapor deposition of the upper substrate 1 and the arrow m the oblique vapor deposition direction to vaporize the lower substrate 2. In Fig. 5A are the liquid crystal molecules 5a when viewed from the upper substrate 1 in the direction of the lower substrate 2, i.e.

from the front to the back of the sheet, counterclockwise twisted. In Fig. 5A, 5a and 5a denote the liquid crystal molecules, those closest to the inner surfaces of the upper substrate 1 and the lower one, respectively Substrate 2 are located. The arrows 1 and m indicate the steaming direction, which results from the projection onto the sheet plane of Fig. 5A, i.e. onto a plane running parallel to the indicator pool. The respective direction of steaming lies g correspondingly along the part 1 for the upper substrate 1 from the rear the front of the sheet at, for example, the steam angle mentioned above, while for the lower substrate 2 from the front to the back of the sheet runs along the arrow m. For counterclockwise twisted orientation of the molecules becomes an optically active material such as 4-cyano-4 '- (2-methylbutoxy) diphenyl introduced into the liquid crystal. Alternatively, it can be counterclockwise twisted orientation of the molecules also by increasing the angle X between the directions indicated by the arrows 1 and m one easy over 900 angles can be achieved.

In this way, a twisted orientation of the molecules in the Counterclockwise obtained in accordance with the minimum energy theorem. Both Measures can also be combined.

The relationship between the vapor deposition direction and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is shown in Figs. 6A to 6D, wherein Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B is a plan view of the upper substrate 1 and a cross-sectional view, respectively of the substrate 1 along the line VIB-VIB of Fig. 6A. On the inner surface of the upper substrate 1 becomes an interface-forming layer (hereinafter abbreviated to referred to as the interface layer) by oblique vapor deposition in one to the inner surface oblique direction and along the direction from upper left to lower right generated by the viewer, so that the layer has projections 10. At the interface the liquid crystal molecules 5a with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the direction of vapor deposition and oriented parallel to the inner surface of the upper substrate 1.

Fig. 6C shows a plan view of the lower substrate 5; Fig. 6D corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along the line VID-VID in FIG. 6C. That lower substrate 2 has on its inner surface a by oblique vapor deposition in a oblique direction with respect to the inner surface and longitudinally as seen from the viewer the interface layer produced from bottom left to top right which also has projections 10. The liquid crystal molecules 5A 'are oriented so that their longitudinal axes are perpendicular to the direction of vapor deposition and parallel to the inner surface of the lower substrate 2 are arranged. When applying voltage The liquid crystal molecules 5a then turn under at the electrodes 5 and 4 Twist and change their orientation to that perpendicular to the Substrates standing direction due to the as described above with reference to FIG Functionality.

FIG. 7 corresponds to a cross-sectional representation of the view from FIG left side of Figures 6A and 6C. The closer to the interface of the top substrate 1 located liquid crystal molecules 5a change their orientation to perpendicular Direction standing on the substrate while rotating counterclockwise when viewed from above, i.e.

from the viewer, with its end b pointing downwards.

Those closer to the interface of the lower substrate 2 Liquid crystal molecules 5A ', on the other hand, change their orientation to that perpendicular direction standing on the substrate with clockwise rotation when viewed from above, i.e. from the viewer, with their ends a pointing upwards. To this Thus, all liquid crystal molecules are rearranged so that they are essentially one have orientation parallel to the arrow S. As a result, for the Viewer looking at the display device in the direction of arrow S after When a voltage is applied, only the ends of the liquid crystal molecules are visible, while the longitudinal axes of the molecules were visible before the voltage was applied. This leads to an increase in the light transmission factor of the liquid crystal, which results in an improved contrast. The area within which the improved contrast is observed, sweeps about 900 in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the sheet and including the arrow S, which increases the viewing angle will. When arrow 1 is in a direction indicated by turning the in 5A, i.e. the arrow S on the display area projected Viewing direction, clockwise, is reached around 1550, and the Arrow m in one by rotating the arrow S of Fig. 5A clockwise by about 450 is the direction reached, as shown in Fig.5A, can in particular a display pattern satisfactorily from an angular range of about 900 can be observed with the arrow S in the middle.

In other words, a display pattern can be satisfactory Be observed over a wide area of the display area when facing of arrow S is viewed.

FIGS. 8A to 8C show schematic front views of a FIG. 5A similar liquid crystal display device, the interface layers on the Has inner surfaces of the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2, which by Inclined damaging in one direction with the directional component shown in FIG. 5 with respect to the viewing direction different directional components parallel to the inner surfaces and thus the display surface were vapor-deposited. In Figures 8A to 8C, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged twisted clockwise as in Fig. 5, viewed from the upper substrate towards the lower substrate, i.e. from face to "back of the sheet. In Figure 8A, the layers are from the viewer seen on the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 by vapor deposition in FIG direction opposite to the direction of Fig. 5A is generated.

Similar to FIG. 5A, there is no induced in the case of FIG. 8A either Area generated. However, if it is assumed that the viewer is the device viewed in a direction opposite to arrow S in Fig. 7, i.e., from above on the left in Fig. 7, are the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules Ule even under the influence of an electric field in the direction of arrow S in Fig. 8A visible, which leads to a lower contrast.

In Fig. 8B, the direction of vapor deposition is opposite for the lower substrate to that in FIG. 5, although the vapor deposition direction is the same for the upper substrate is as in Figure 5 for the top substrate, creating an induced region is because the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied in opposite directions Directions are oriented.

An induced region is also generated in the case of FIG. 8C, where the direction of vapor deposition for the upper substrate is opposite to that in Fig. 5, while it coincides with that of FIG. 5 for the lower substrate.

The evaporation directions for the upper and lower substrate below Arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules in a clockwise twisted orientation, 9A to 9D, as viewed from the upper substrate to the lower substrate in a manner similar to that illustrated in Figure 5A. To achieve a twisted orientation clockwise a suitable optically active material is in the liquid crystal brought in. Alternatively, the angle oc between the arrows 1 and m specified vapor deposition directions can easily be made larger than 90, whereby a clockwise twisted state according to the minimum energy theorem is achieved. The two specified measures can also be combined with one another can be applied.

The development shown in FIG. 9A corresponds to an opposite one Representation of Fig. 5A, the correspondingly a strong contrast free of induced Areas too allowed to achieve. The embodiment shown in Fig. 9B although it is free of induced regions like that of Fig. 83A, low contrast when viewed from the direction of arrow S while the nut guides shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D like the embodiments of FIGS. BB and FAC have induced areas. As in Fig. 7 with reference to Fig. 5A illustrated is a display pattern with greatly improved properties when viewed visible from the direction of the arrow S over a wide range of the display areas, when the arrow 1, as shown in Fig. 9A, is in a direction which by rotating the arrow S shown in Fig. 9A, i.

the viewing direction projected onto the display surface by approximately 155 is reached counterclockwise, while the arrow m in a through Rotate arrow S of Fig. 9A through approximately 450 counterclockwise direction is located.

The invention is based on the circumstances explained in detail above. In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, there is an interface layer a structure as in Fig. 4 on the inner surface of the upper substrate, the one the components of the display surface of the display device can form, and the dem Upper substrate opposite lower substrate provided. When the liquid crystal molecules counterclockwise when looking from the upper substrate to the lower substrate are oriented, each interface layer is deposited in one direction by oblique evaporation with the directional component parallel to the inner surface of the substrate as in Fig. 5A generated; when the liquid crystal molecules, on the other hand, when viewed from the upper Substrate to the lower substrate are oriented in a clockwise direction twisted the two interface layers by inclined vapor deposition in one Direction with a directional component parallel to the inner surface of the substrate in the direction of Fig. 9A, in Figs. 5A and 9A, those are the vaporization directions corresponding lines below about +40 or -450 with respect to the direction of observation corresponding line drawn by the viewer. As in detail in FIG. 7 explained, the range within which the displayed pattern extends clearly is visible, meanwhile by 90 ° around the arrow S in the middle. if the direction of observation by the observer in the direction of the arrow S is fixed the evaporation direction for the lower substrate in FIG. 5A may be any direction be within the range obtained by turning the arrow m approximately 450 clockwise and is defined in the counter-clockwise screen. ' The direction of vapor deposition can be changed in the same way for the upper substrate, any direction within the by rotating arrow 1 around be about 450 clockwise and counterclockwise defined range. Even in this case, of course, the two directions of deposition have one Angle of about 900 to each other. This also applies to the case of FIG. 9A, where the arrow m may lie in any of the directions which are within the by rotation clockwise and counterclockwise by about 45 °, while the arrow 1 can lie in any of the directions that are in a through Rotation of about 450 clockwise and counterclockwise defined range are located.

In other words, the direction projected onto the display fl ictlc the observation by the observer is assumed as the reference direction is, points the Liquid crystal display device according to the invention when the Liquid crystal molecules when viewed from the upper substrate to the lower substrate are twisted counterclockwise on the inner surface of the lower substrate an interface layer, which by oblique evaporation in one direction with a Directional component parallel to the inner surface of the lower substrate and thus the Display area in a desired direction between the reference direction and a this was generated counter-clockwise by about 900 rotated direction, and on the inner surface of the top substrate, an interface layer which passes through Inclined vapor deposition in one direction with a directional component parallel to the inner surface of the upper substrate and thus the display surface and essentially perpendicular to the Desired direction indicated above between an opposite to the reference direction clockwise by about 90 and one opposite to the reference direction ftung was generated. When the liquid crystal molecules) seen from the upper substrate towards the lower substrate; if it is oriented in a clockwise direction, the Liquid crystal display device according to the invention on the other hand on the inner surface of the lower substrate on a surface layer which is formed by oblique vapor deposition in a direction with a directional component parallel to the inner surface of the lower Substrate and thus the display area in a desired direction between the Reference direction and one of these rotated counterclockwise by about 900 Direction was created, and on the inner surface of the upper substrate an interface layer, that by oblique vapor deposition in one direction with a directional component parallel to the inner surface of the upper substrate and thus the display surface and essentially perpendicular to the above-mentioned desired direction in a direction between the by about 900 reference direction rotated counterclockwise and a direction opposite to the reference direction was generated.

In summary, the invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, one interface layer by oblique vapor deposition on the two each other opposing inner surfaces of first and second substrates with corresponding ones Electrodes are deposited. The interface layer has a surface with numerous adjacent strip areas, the width of which is greater than the length of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules and the numerous offset and have successive flat and steep slopes due to the thickness of the light along the component of the vapor deposition direction parallel to the inner sides of the substrates is progressively decreased or increased.

The direction of vapor deposition on each of the inner surfaces of the first and second According to the invention, the substrate becomes parallel to the display surface with respect to a reference direction the device determines the direction of the arrangement of the flat and steep Bevels is specified.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention in which no induced areas arise in the liquid crystal, shows superior display quality and can also be used advantageously in cases where the device is frequently used is viewed in a predetermined constant direction as the display pattern has good visibility over a wide area of the display surface.

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Liquid crystal display device with - a first Substrate that is closer to the viewer and is one of the components, which form the display field of the device with one display surface, - a second, the first opposite substrate, - on the inner surface of each of the two Electrodes provided for substrates - one between the inner surfaces of the first and liquid crystal introduced into the second substrate, the molecules of which are twisted are oriented - an interface layer that is on the inner surface of the first Substrate including the area of the associated electrode by oblique damming in one direction with a direction component parallel in a first direction for display area for default de. Orientation of the approaching surface between the first substrate and the liquid crystal located liquid crystal is vapor-deposited, as well as - another interface layer, which is on the inner surface of the second substrate including the area of the associated electrode Inclined vapor deposition in one direction with a directional component in a second Direction parallel to the display area for specifying the orientation of the interface liquid crystal molecules located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal vaporized is, characterized in that a predetermined direction parallel to the display area is selected as the reference direction and the first and the second directions such Directions are predetermined according to a rotation of the reference direction Angle in the same direction of rotation as the twist correspond to the molecular orientation. 2. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, characterized in that that when viewed from the first substrate, the liquid crystal moves in the direction of on the second substrate in a counterclockwise twisted orientation, that the first direction is clockwise between two opposite the reference direction Direction rotated by about 900 or 100 and the second direction between the Reference direction and one opposite the reference direction at about 900 clockwise in the rotated direction. 5. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the first direction is one opposite the reference direction by about 135 ° clockwise rotated direction and the second direction one opposite to the reference direction correspond to about 450 clockwise rotated direction. 4. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the liquid crystal is when viewed from the first substrate in the direction of the second substrate in a clockwise twisted orientation is that the first direction is between two counterclockwise opposite the reference direction directions rotated by about 90 or 1800 and the second direction between the reference direction and one rotated counterclockwise by about 900 with respect to the reference direction Direction lie. 5. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, characterized in that that the first direction is counterclockwise by about 155 ° in relation to the reference direction rotated direction and the second direction one opposite to the reference direction correspond to about 450 counterclockwise rotated direction. 6. Liquid crystal display device comprising - a first substrate, that is closer to the viewer and is one of the components that form the display field of the device with a display area, - a second, the first opposite substrate, - on the inner surface of each of the two substrates provided electrodes, - one between the inner surfaces of the first and second Liquid crystal introduced into the substrate, the molecular lobes of which are oriented in a twisted manner, - a first interface layer, including on the inner surface of the first substrate the area of the associated electrode by inclined vapor deposition to specify the orientation the one closer to the interface between the first substrate and the liquid crystal the liquid crystal molecules present is evaporated, as well as - a second interface layer, those on the inner surface of the second substrate including the surface of the associated one Electrode by oblique vapor deposition to specify the orientation of the closer to the interface liquid crystal molecules located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal is vapor deposited, wherein - each of the interface layers of the surface numerous has adjoining strip areas, the width of which is greater than the length of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules and the numerous offset and have successive flat and steep slopes that change the layer thickness over a certain distance along a constant direction parallel to the display Progressively decrease in area in one ratio and in another Ratio progressing for a different distance along the constant direction enlarge, characterized in - that a predetermined direction is parallel is selected as the reference direction for the display area and that the directions along their the thickness of the first and the second interface layer progressively and alternately is reduced and enlarged correspond to directions opposite to Reference direction by correspondingly predetermined angles in the same direction of rotation how the twist of the molecular orientation are rotated. 7. Liquid crystal display device according to claim, characterized in that that the liquid crystal, when viewed from the first substrate, moves in the direction on the second substrate in a counterclockwise twisted orientation, that the first direction of progressive decrease and increase in the thickness of the first Interface layer between two clockwise opposite the reference direction directions rotated by about 900 and 1800 respectively and the second direction is the advancing one Decrease and increase in the thickness of the second interface layer between the reference direction and a direction rotated clockwise by approximately 900 with respect to the reference direction lie. 8. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, characterized in that that the direction of the progressive decrease and increase in the thickness of the first interface layer a direction rotated clockwise by about 1550 relative to the reference direction and the second direction of progressive decrease and increase in thickness of the second Interface layer one opposite the reference direction by about 450 clockwise correspond to the rotated direction. 9. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, characterized in that that the liquid crystal is when viewed from the first substrate in the direction of the second substrate in a clockwise twisted orientation found that the first direction of progressive decrease and increase, thickness of the first interface layer between two counterclockwise opposite to the reference direction directions rotated by about 900 or 1t, 0 ° and the second direction is the advancing one Decrease and increase in the thickness of the second interface layer between the reference direction and one rotated counterclockwise by about 900 with respect to the reference direction Direction lie. 10. Liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, characterized in that that the direction of the progressive decrease and increase in the thickness of the first interface layer a direction rotated counterclockwise by about 155 in relation to the reference direction and the direction of the progressive decrease and increase in the thickness of the second Interface layer one with respect to the reference direction by about 450 in the counterclockwise direction correspond to the rotated direction. 11. Use of the liquid crystal display devices according to a of claims 1 to 10 for desktop computers and digital clocks such as digital wristwatches.