DE2712550A1 - HEATING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

HEINZ H. PUSCHMANN · PATENT ADVOCATE

D HtIOO MUNICH 22 THOMAiWlMMiR P.ING14 971955G

TELEPHONE (VJ / 227887 ^ '^

! '' ranz Kaufmann Munich, 21.0'0.1977

(iro: 3 ^ rolci.'itra:; :: c 1? 1 '^ 18/77

CII-4565 iiechcrsv / il / ocliv / eiz i * u / rei

7098 ^^ / 0639

Franz Kaufmann, Recherswil (Switzerland)

heating system

The present invention relates to a heating system, set up for the use of solar energy and geothermal energy, with solar panels that use one as a heat store used swimming pool and a heat pump arranged between the heat accumulator and the consumption circuit, Such a heating system is primarily intended for a one- or two-family house.

Recently, solar energy has been increasingly used for heating purposes, especially in the construction of One- or two-family houses, where solar panels are usually installed on the roof and the solar panels medium flowing through, generally water, is connected to the consumer circuit. If you want in ours To make full use of solar energy, it is essential

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to use a heat accumulator, whereby this heat accumulator can be the usual boiler. But if you want that Use the amount of heat obtained by solar energy for heating and hot water purposes even if the sun is for a longer period of time If time fails, for example in autumn or in winter, it is necessary to use a larger heat store, whereby swimming pools have already been proposed for this purpose. When using a swimming pool as a heat store is it is necessary to switch on a heat pump between the swimming pool and the consumer circuit.

Devices are already known for heating swimming pool water using solar energy, for example from Oe-PS No. 273 440, this device not being connected to a heating system for a house. This proposed device exists essentially made up of solar collectors designed as a roof structure over the swimming pool, whereby the swimming pool water is circulated over a metal roof and a circulation pump is necessary for this.

There are also known heating systems in which the geothermal energy is used by laying copper pipes in the earth, in which a medium circulates which gives off the heat to a heat pump.
ο

x ^ When using a swimming pool as a heat store "^ however various problems arise, on the one hand losses ο

_ω by radiation of the heat overnight or on days when the outside temperature is lower than the water temperature.

on the other hand, the water temperature in the swimming pool in winter sink in such a way that no or only very little heat can be extracted from the swimming pool with conventional heat pumps.

It is the object of the invention to create a heating system that utilizes both solar energy and geothermal energy, with from the solar collector and from the ground to the heat storage, neither pipes nor a circulation pump have to be used, that Swimming pool is protected from radiation and dirt when it is not used for swimming, and where heat can still be extracted from the heat storage tank even at low water temperatures.

The heating system that fulfills this task is characterized by that, except for the length of time the pool is used for swimming, the solar panels in the water of the swimming pool protrude, the swimming pool is in heat exchange with the surrounding soil, between the as Heat storage serving swimming pool and the heat pump a heat exchanger is arranged and the circuit between the heat exchanger and a means for preventing freezing is added to the refrigerant evaporator of the heat pump, even at low temperatures Water temperatures to be able to extract heat from the heat accumulator.

The solar panels can be arranged in various ways. In one embodiment, the solar collectors are as Floatable ceiling formed, the ceiling of two

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There is plastic film, between which a hollow body is arranged is, while in a preferred embodiment, the hollow body consists of a plastic grid. In another embodiment the solar collectors are designed as a cover consisting of units that are suspended in a support grid are, each unit having adjustable radiation absorbers designed as lamellas and the one from above through a transparent Plastic film closed cover can be pulled up from the water on the support grate while bathing and serves as a roof.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which shows exemplary embodiments of the present invention explained.

Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the invention Heating system,

Figure 2 in a detail section of the heat exchanger and the heat pump,

Figure 3 schematically the temperature flow heat storage - ground,

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show details of the floating solar panels ,

Figure 7 shows a solar collector cover,

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FIG. 8 shows solar collectors in a further embodiment variant as a retractable roof,

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged section of FIG. 8,

Figures 10 and 11 show various details of the solar collector roof according to figure 8.

In Fig. 1, a heating system is shown, which consists of an already existing, conventional system with an electric boiler and oil boiler has emerged. These two heating elements were left as temporary or breakdown units. The swimming pool 1 and the solar collectors 2 arranged on it can be seen. The swimming pool water circuit 3 is driven by a filter pump 4 and runs through a filter system 5, a heat exchanger-heat pump combination 6, with the usual, per se known, valves and control elements installed in this circle are. A connection circuit 7 is connected to the pool water circuit 3, which feeds the heated water from the heat pump into brings a distribution system, the water either in a boiler 8, or with the help of known controls feeds into a boiler 9, or directly into a consumer circuit 10, connected to the radiators and the hot water consumers are. For a single-family house, the output of the boiler 8 can be, for example, up to 40,000 kcal, while the boiler for example, can have a typical capacity of 200 liters.

In Fig. 2, the pool water circuit and de. Heat exchange mechanism more prominent, while the Schwini

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pelvis was shown reduced. One recognizes again the swimming pool 1 with the solar collectors 2 attached above, whereby in this example the swimming pool has a capacity of about 60 ¹ 000 liters and the solar collectors

area is about 40 m. The basin water circuit 3 with the filter pump 4 and the filter system 5 can also be seen. The heat exchange heat pump system 6 is here drawn apart. It can be seen that the t'eckenwasserkreislauf 3 flows through the heat exchanger 11. This heat exchanger is designed kcal for an output of about 40 ¹ OOO, it being understood that the pool water flows through the heat exchanger with about 500 liters per minute. The second circuit in the heat exchanger is the antifreeze circuit 12, which is set in motion by a circulating pump 13, the antifreeze flowing through the heat exchanger at about 100 liters per minute. Any suitable means for preventing freezing is meant here by antifreeze. The antifreeze flows through the refrigerant evaporator of the heat pump 15. Between the refrigerant evaporator 14 and the refrigerant condenser 16 is the refrigerant circuit 17 with the refrigeration compressor 18. A connecting circuit 7 is connected to the refrigerant condenser 16, which leads to the boiler, boiler and consumer circuit 10.

You can now easily see that by interposing the antifreeze circuit it is possible to use the swimming pool to extract heat even at very low water temperatures, i.e. at temperatures below 5 C, which is particularly important in the

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-r-

Winter is important.

Lin's short calculation example shows that a large amount of heat can be extracted from the swimming pool, but this can be compensated for by the sun or the earth. According to our example above, three thousand liters of anti-freeze flow through the heat exchanger and the refrigerant evaporator of the heat pump per hour, with the heat pump being set up with an output of around 3 HP in such a way that this circuit is lowered by around 1.5 C, which results in approx 8500 kcal per hour. In relation to the heat storage tank with ^{a capacity of around 60 1} 000 liters, this corresponds to a temperature reduction of only approx. 0.15 C. Since a medium-sized detached house has a heat requirement of 200 ¹ 000 kcal on the coldest days, you can see from the above calculation that this heating system can meet the heating requirements of this house without additional heating. The heating units shown in Fig. 1, the electric heater for the boiler and the oil heater for the boiler are only intended as an aid in the event that one of the elements of the swimming pool to connecting circuit fails or if the swimming pool freezes for a short time on extremely cold days. It is of course also possible to use an electric boiler as an emergency heating unit instead of an oil-powered boiler.

The heat extracted from the swimming pool has to be fed back into it will. During the day this is usually done by having

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The solar panels connected to the swimming pool take place during this on the days when it is raining or the cloud cover is very dense, through which the soil surrounding the pool will pass, provided that the temperature of the Ground above that of the pool water. In Fig. 3, the heat curve is indicated schematically, the Arrows 19 indicate the rays of the sun and the dashed arrows 20 pointing into the ground show the heat flow during extraction the amount of heat for heating purposes above the critical point, i.e. when the water temperature is above that of the ground and the dotted arrows 21 pointing to the swimming pool show the flow of heat from the ground into the pool, when the amount of heat is withdrawn for heating purposes below the critical one Indicate temperature. The prerequisite for the proper functioning of this system is that there is good heat transfer from the Swimming pool in the ground is guaranteed. So if the temperature of the pool water is above that of the ground heat will flow from the swimming pool into the ground, creating an additional heat storage option arises. When drawing heat from the swimming pool, especially at night, when the heat pump takes advantage of the cheaper one Night electricity is operated, the temperature of the pool water can drop below that of the ground, whereupon the direction of the heat flow is reversed and the stored heat flows from the ground into the swimming pool. As a result Connection of an antifreeze circuit between the heat exchanger and the refrigerant evaporator of the heat pump

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it is possible to lower the temperature at this critical point and therefore at very low - water temperatures, i.e. still around 0 C, draw heat from the swimming pool to be able to.

So that the pool all year round, especially at night and in cold seasons than for the whole Heat demand of the family house sufficient heat storage can be used, on the one hand the solar collectors must have a good efficiency and the lowest possible conduction losses occur and on the other hand as little heat as possible should be the pool when it is not being used for bathing. In the present invention these problems were solved by using the as Swimming pool cover trained solar panels immerse in the bath water and at the same time the warning radiation from the Prevent swimming pools. In order to use the pool for bathing, it is necessary to remove the solar panels and two different exemplary embodiments of solar collector systems are described below.

A first variant is described in FIGS. 4 to 7, in which the solar collectors are used as a floating, rollable cover 23 are formed (Fig. 7), this cover from several collector elements 24 is welded together. In Fig. 5 and 6 is the basic structure of such a collector element

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-Jf. ■■

mentes 24 shown. An element 24 consists of an upper transparent plastic film 25, from a lower plastic film 26, between which films a hollow body 27 is arranged. As can be seen from Fig. 6, this plastic body is designed as a concertina gate. The plastic foils are welded all around, while the giteer is welded pointwise to the foils, whereby the individual elements 24 can be connected to one another at the weld seams 28. While the top film is always transparent, there are various possible combinations for the grilles and the bottom film. Thus , the grid can either consist of a transparent plastic or it can be blackened , while the lower film 26, for example, can either be blackened or can have a coating for selective absorption . Tests have shown that the combination of transparent film, transparent plastic grid and blackened plastic film produces the best results in terms of economic efficiency. Because the collectors are located directly in the water, there are various advantages, e.g. high efficiency, as there are no pipe losses and no heat losses on the collector, the cover not only reduces the radiation of heat but also evaporation and reduces the breakdown of the treatment chemicals. The insulation effect can be increased significantly by creating a vacuum in the ceiling.

While the winding and unwinding is not a problem of small floating layers, it is appropriate to bc ι larger swimming

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thick, as in the present example, to take measures to facilitate rolling up or down and to secure the swimming pool. From Kig. 7 it can be seen that the collector cover has a front piece 29 with eyelets 30 and a free end JL, these two parts in FIGS. 4 and 5 are shown in section. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the front piece 29 consists of an upper, approximately 2 mm thick plastic film 32 and a lower, approximately 1 mm thick plastic film 33, between which there is floating filler material A4 . The filling material between the two foils forms a head track slider 35 which, when rolling up and down, prevents the collector ceiling from being immersed in the water and also aligns the collector ceiling in the swimming pool. On the front linden tree, shown on the left in FIG. 4, the two foils are welded together and the eyelets 30 are embedded therein. The collector ceiling can be attached to these eyelets, so that this foremost piece is a safety device for small children. The rear end of the lower plastic film merges into a highly flexible, close-meshed grid 36, which, together with the rear loose end 37 of the upper plastic film, forms a dirt brake that catches the leaves or the like when the ceiling rolls on the water. As shown in FIG. 5, the dirt collecting grid 36 is welded to the collector cover 23. As can also be seen from FIG. B , the lower film 26 of the collector cover 23 merges into the free end 31, this free end being blackened or selectively coated. This free one

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"ORIGINAL INSPECTED

The main purpose of this is to make it easier to unroll the lid of the trap. From the above description it can be seen that it cleans the collector ceiling, especially when it is rolled up and down, but it is of course possible to install a spraying system at H ', which hoses the collector end cover when it is rolled up. Since the solar collector ceiling is lt-il, it can usually be rolled up or down by one person. In the case of larger ceilings, however, it is conceivable to install a mechanism that automatically rolls up or down. In this Sonnenkoli · ktorenausführung are still more Variationsmöglichke \ th d '.- nkbar, in particular the hollow body, unlike scheronqιtterförmig, for example, carried out a honeycomb, although plastic is a particularly advantageous material dcifür, it is quite conceivable, at least parts of the hollow body as aluminum sheets to be manufactured in order to give the ceiling the greatest possible rigidity.

8 to 11, a second embodiment is door given the solar panels, these as on the hand of the swimming pool 1 or lying directly in the water st arre cover 38 are formed. This cover 38 can be pulled open when the swimming pool is in use, as shown in FIG is. The suspension of the cover consists for example of four supports 39, for example made of wood, of which two each are connected by a carrier 40, also made of wood. The winding mechanism, which is either manual or mechanical when actuated is not shown here. the

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In the present case, the cover 38 consists of a support grid 41, either made of light metal or wood, which can be made of individual elements 42 to be immersed. The lamellae 43 serving as the actual solar collectors are inserted into this grate. These slats 4 3 are preferably made of light metal or also of plastic and are either geschv iX. or they have a layer for the selective absorption of thermal radiation from the sun. It is particularly advantageous if the lower side of the slats has an insulation 52 which acts as an excellent thermal shield when the slats are placed horizontally. In FIG. 10, which shows the structure of the support grate 41 in section on an enlarged scale, it can be seen that the grate elements M are designed as double T-beams. These carriers are connected to one another in a known manner, be it by welding, riveting or the like. At the bottom of parallel elements 42, a U-shaped bracket 44 is attached, which has openings 45 on both sides. In these openings 45, the lamellas 1lenemheiten 4b are hung. Each blade unit consists of two bars 47, in which the slats are qelagert rotatably mounted on axes 48 43 and at right angles thereto two hook strips 49, the rotatable mounting of the slats en allows for suspending the units in the openings 45, this on the one hand with respect to align the position of the sun and on the other hand to provide shade, especially when the cover is raised.

^ In order to enable a modular assembly of the lamellar units 46

*> » Fold, the rotatable axes 48 can be fixed by means of an overhang 50

f? and pre-couple a thread 51 with one another so that the I. ame Ilen

can be aligned in rows. On the top of the grate and attached to the brackets, there is a transparent

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

cjii plastic film 53, which on the one hand reduces the radiation of heat and on the other hand protects the slats from dirt. A square piece of wood 54 is expediently inserted into the carrier pushed, whereby it must be ensured that the film is attached to the carrier in a watertight manner.

Lie training the solar collectors as a pull-out cover ang can be implemented in a wide variety of ways. In particular, the support grid with the cover film can be made easily Modular modules are formed, for example Πι ι t pre-assembled lamellar units, so that the whole The solar collector cover is assembled in a modular manner can. The support grid itself, resp. the modules can be realized and assembled in the most varied of ways known per se will. Care should be taken that the rainwater can drain away either by the individual units hung at a slight angle, or the entire cover has a slight incline. The idea of the rotatable Slats are usually done manually, but readjustment is necessary, especially one that automatically tracks the position of the sun Messages from the slats are conceivable. Furthermore, it can also be expedient to use continuous axes or these to be welded together instead of ln. This gives the possibility of hanging the slat units not in openings on the girders, but directly on the support grid using hooks. It is essential in all versions that the solar collectors are in direct contact with the bath water when they are used Contact are.

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Claims (12)

PATENT CLAIMS f 1. [Heating system, set up for the use of solar energy and geothermal energy, with solar collectors connected to a swimming pool serving as a heat store and one Heat pump arranged between the heat accumulator and the consumer circuit, characterized in that - except for the length of time the pool is used for swimming, the solar panels in the pool water protrude - the swimming pool is in heat exchange with the surrounding soil, - A heat exchanger is arranged between the swimming pool serving as a heat store and the heat pump, and - the »circuit between the heat exchanger and the refrigerant evaporator the heat pump is equipped with a means of preventing freezing, even at low water temperatures To be able to extract heat from the heat accumulator. 2. Heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors are designed as a floating and rollable ceiling (23) and the ceiling consists of an upper transparent (2b) and a lower (26) plastic film, between which a hollow body is arranged. 7098U / 0639 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 3. Heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors as a cover consisting of units (46) (38) are formed, which are suspended in a support grid (41), each unit being alignable, as slats (4 3) has formed radiation absorbers and closed from above by a transparent plastic film (53) Cover can be pulled up from the water on the support grate while bathing and serves as a roof. 4. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow body consists of a plastic mesh (27). 5. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower plastic film is blackened. 6. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower plastic film has a coating for the selective Has absorption of thermal radiation. 7. Heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that the plastic grille is transparent. 8. Heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that the plastic grid is blackened. 9. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the cover (23) has a front piece (29) with eyelets (30), 7098U / 0639 as a head track glider (35) and as a dirt brake (36, 37) is formed, the head track slider made of two plastic films (32, 33) with filler material (34) in between and the Dirt brake from the loose end (37) of one of the foils (32) and a close-meshed grid (36) bqpteht. 10. Heating system according to one of claims 2, 4-9, characterized in that the floating ceiling (23) is evacuated. 11. Heating system according to claim 3, characterized in that each lamella unit (46) consists of two strips (47) into which the Slats (43) are rotatably mounted on axles (4Θ) and that the strips (47) have hooks (49) for hanging in Oeffnunyen (45) on U-shaped brackets (44) on the support grid (41). 12. Heating system according to claim 3 or 11, characterized in that that the lower side of the slats has an insulation (52). 7098U / 0639