DE2609490A1 - Composite material e.g. for furnishings - has absorbent esp. wool outer layers and impermeable esp. polyurethane inner layer - Google Patents

Abstract

One internal layer is of moisture-impermeable, esp. also moisture-repellant material, and is in contact at each face with a layer of moisture-attracting and absorbing fibrous material. Fibres of these fibrous material layers, or bundles of such fibres, pass through the central, moisture-impermeable layer so that the outer layers have fibres embedded in them and anchoring them to the central layer. Material is used e.g. for under-blankets, pillowcases, chair coverings and vehicle upholstery.

Description

Composite material

The invention relates to a composite material such as a Majority of layers combined to form a mattress topper.

The invention is characterized in that on both boundary surfaces a layer of moisture-impermeable, possibly moisture-repellent Fabric One layer each made of a moisture-absorbing and a moisture-absorbing one Adjacent fibrous material that fibers of the fibrous material and / or bundles of these at least partly in one of moisture-impermeable, possibly moisture-repellent Existing layer of material lie, preferably up to the opposite one Penetrate fiber layer layer into it and into the latter along the length of its protrusion over the moisture repellent fabric or over part of its entire length are embedded.

If of moisture-attracting, -transferring, -absorbing, -releasing and / or moisture-repellent, i.e. hygroscopic, hydrophilic, Hydrophobic fibrous materials have been spoken of then accordingly are among these the fact that it is mainly wool that has the properties in question particularly high, in the broader sense the hair of sheep goats, Cashmere goats, camels, rabbits, etc.

Understood because, because of their length, crimp, delicacy, elasticity, moisture absorption and release, their warmth and heat and moisture conductivity, they are not only suitable for clothing the human body, but also for being on it in the lying and sitting position of rest System to be brought regardless of whether it is -Under-, upper beds, pillows, seats and / or living Covering materials for leather door furniture, hospital beds, mattress covers, replacements for skins, protective covers in motor vehicles, a use as gymnastics, hobby, camping mats, sole insoles, base and outer materials for slippers, abdominal and kidney protection bandages, fillings for sleeping bags, anoraks and skis -, mountain cloaks, hunting cloaks and suits, etc. In the narrower sense, which is also considered here, "wool" is understood to mean lambswool and sheep's wool, wool fibers and / or hair or all substances identified in DIN 60 001 W, including those not listed in this standard , @@@@@@ @@@ @@@@@ @@@@ also the curled under hair of the cashmere goat, also known as cashmere wool or cashmere hair.

In this context it is noteworthy that the sohaf wool in the Is able to 17 v. Chr. While absorbing a hundred of their dry weight in moisture 11 - 12 ffi for rayon, 8 ffi for cotton and less than 1 * for synthetic Fibers in place of the stated weight ratio with corresponding repercussions occur when upholstery fabrics are made from such fibers.

Accordingly, a preferably conceivable characterizes itself Formation of the invention daduroh that in a composite piece formed according to the invention the fiber material made of wool, preferably made of sheep's wool fibers combined to form a non-woven layer consists.

On the other hand, the layer layer is made of moisture-impermeable or -repellant materials, on both of their boundary surfaces the adjoin the aforementioned fiber layers, mainly foams into consideration, as known, for example, as largely open-cell flexible polyurethane foams are0 As a result of a middle layer being clad on both sides by outer layers Shear forces are no longer able to have an effect, which can be achieved without the according to the invention Getrone construction of a composite body or a composite web in the event of changes in shape the same free effect and lead to a bearing shift between the layers Due to the interlocking of the mutual The possibility of positional shifting creates the further advantage, with an initially unpredictable low thickness of the individual layers to be able to do without this Layers lose their coherence, and it continues to be surprising is that the still to be described functional fusion of the individual layers is full Extent is retained even if, for example, the weight of the sheep's wool existing external layers per square meter to a value of 100 - 150 g / m² for one commercial moisture content of wool is reduced by 17%, so that The weight per square meter of the entire composite body is 300 - 600 g / m2, and depending on the intended use0 The depicted relationship leads to the other Advantage, the composite body with the outer boundary surfaces of the two fiber layer layers conclude, so let the latter border on the atmosphere. In other words, it is no longer necessary to have a mattress cover constructed according to the invention having to provide an upholstery fabric. This is therefore a decisive advantage because, as will be explained later, this creates the possibility of dealing with to the Suffice it to lay a normal sheet on the mattress pad to be able to bring the body of the sleeper into a hitherto unknown narrow, close-up Contact with the natural material: wool is able to come0 However, the lack of one thing closes the gap The outer boundary surfaces of the woolen layers mentioned above are not excluded from the upholstery fabric to provide a fiber binding agent, for example spraying the latter, to ru prevent the frizziness more or less exposed Wool fibers can act to the effect that the fibers are too large straighten up. As fiber binding agents, substances come into consideration that are self-crosslinking Set synthetic resins and do not interfere with the textile handle and fall.

To the connecting bridges made of fibers between the individual Layer layers is finally to be noted that these bridges by means of a needling process can be produced in a manner known per se. The needles of common needling machines have the properties of layers when inserting and / or piercing fiber material Individual fibers or tufts of fibers to be taken along so that the fibers depend on the needle stroke used in each case more or less over that of the needle loom facing fibrous material delimitation surface protrude when the mentioned stroke is carried out is.

The following occur in a composite body designed according to the invention Effects and interactions on.

First of all, it is in the essence of the close-up arrangement of one made of wool existing layer of layers, based on the body of a sleeper, that known Sleep physiological properties of wool to an increased extent therefore have an impact come because according to the invention it is achieved that the cover fabric is no longer available, which was previously indispensable for the above-mentioned, close-up arrangement of one made of wool to be able to practically realize existing solid bodies.

Therefore, the warmth-retaining effect of the wool increases at first in winter and in the transitional periods. Despite their low strength, the feeling of sleep after amplified by the sinking of the body into the other layers of the Composite body, initially a build-up of heat is created, which gives the sleeper the feeling he lay down on a preheated cushion. But this heat build-up does not persist, the Fiber connection bridges act in a dissipation of heat in relation to the deeper layers of the composite material, so that after a short, falling asleep The accumulation of heat decreases during a favorable period of time, making a more even The body's tempered state is created without any noticeable annoyance during the Sleep time persists because the heat-absorbing capacity is increased by the heat-conducting fiber bridges the fibrous layer facing away from the body can have an effect, which is therefore considerable is because the last-mentioned fiber layer at the immediate heating by the body does not participate, so that the temperature jump between the two Fibrous layers retains practically the same value as at the first body contact the fibrous layers close to the skin were present.

The humidity conditions are of the same importance.

The winter and transitional seasons do not change the fact that at Beginning of sleep that is heated up by ingesting food and / or drinks Body perspires, so it is necessary to absorb the moisture that is present record and derive. Both properties are the ones facing the body Fiber layer owns, so that the already mentioned feeling of sleep occurs more intensely. The fiber connection bridges direct the absorbed moisture into the fibrous layer facing away from the body, as this is due to the usual ventilation the mattress topper is dry during the day and therefore has a considerable storage capacity for moisture, while the middle, hydrophobic layer at these ratios therefore does not change anything because it is neither hygroscopic nor hydrophilic. The storage capacity the fiber layer facing away from the body is determined by its amount so that the Excretion of moisture from the body during the night are less than during the day, can be fully absorbed. As the mattresses open lay the next day, if it is not aired, at least it is turned, the conditions described for the first night also apply to all of the following Nights before.

The conditions in the summer season are as follows.

As a result of the usual treatment of mattress toppers mentioned above the temperature state of the fiber layer facing the body determines that the coolness of the layer mentioned spreads through the sheet onto the body of the Able to affect sleepers. Because at the same time the effect of heat dissipation through the fiber connection bridges occurs, is influenced by the storage effect of those facing away from the body Fiber layer made use of that developed during the night Body heat is largely dissipated. This also applies to the humidity conditions. The fiber layer facing the body is dry and receptive to the increased perspiration, from that in the warm season must be assumed. This moisture is drained off in the same way into the fibrous layer facing away from the body, as has already been described above is. Here, too, the middle layer decreases because of its hydrophobic behavior practically does not participate in the moisture exchange, but avoids by their arrangement an unwanted exchange of heat and moisture by keeping the active, body-facing So separates the fibrous layer from the fibrous layer facing away from the body, that the respective storage capacity of the fibrous layer facing away from the body for warmth and moisture.

Attempts have already been made, through massed use of wool, i.e. with relatively thick wool layers, to achieve what according to the invention has been achieved with a significantly lower cost of material. However, are Efforts of this kind therefore remained essentially unsuccessful because by one Too high a degree of filling of the rooms for the wool, misshapen and bulky Bedding is created that you usually only get to grips with at an advanced age was only able to befriend because of the increasing sensitivity, Rheumatism, etc. to avoid pain that is becoming more or less unbearable. For the healthy and especially young person, however, one emerged as a nuisance Pounded over-tempering of the body as a result of being oversized in summer Heat storage capacity. Conditions were not improved by the fact that im Spring the bedding with sweat residues that have migrated into the depths of the fillings was rolled up and kept until the onset of the colder season.

The same bedding was completely reusable for sleepers who suffered from deformations the spine or the intervertebral discs suffer. Here the first leads according to the invention opened up the possibility of realizing extremely thin layers and thus a particularly flat composite, for example, as a mattress support that is a hardness of the mattress to be set according to the Kraiteitsbild with full appearance of all progressive effects, one of which according to the invention trained mattress pad leads. In particular, these benefits also occur to everyone further, earlier suggestions, according to which the mattress toppers have fillings made of synthetic fibers and provided with covers, their washability as a decisive advance is highlighted, which also for so-called easy-care Duvet covers that consist entirely or predominantly of synthetic fibers apply. Since these are invariably hydrophobic, they are not sufficient Efficiency for heat and moisture and for the same reason no storage capacity for these, apart from the fact that they lead to a build-up of heat that induces sweat, instead of preventing it. Here the implementation of the invention leads to completion a gap that has not yet been closed.

To ensure the required dimensional stability of the middle layer of the composite and thus the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal dimensional stability of a Composite web, it can be useful to consolidate the foam layer, for example by the fact that without impairing the elastic and pliable behavior the said layer, the latter at least on one side with a mull-like or more or less closely meshed product, e.g. consisting of a light fabric, -knit, -knit or the like., Made with an otherwise suitable, stretch-free or -arm, wide-meshed flat formation is concealed.

The drawing is shown in a schematic representation, for example in Considerable possible embodiments of the invention again.

The drawing allows five occurring side by side in the longitudinal direction Sections to be considered details so that an inventive formed composite piece 1, seen in the direction from top to bottom, three layers 11, 12 and 13 can be seen, the layers 11 and 13 consist of a fiber material, for example a virgin wool fleece.

Both layers adjoin the middle layer 12, the cells 121, which are open in the case of the exemplary embodiment, at the interface 122 between the ply layers 11 and 12 and 123 at the interface 124 between the Layers of layers 12 and 13. Are still present in the Foam layer 12 the closed cells 125. Fiber connection bridges 14 are initially present in that a needling machine, not shown, their needles in the bottom-up direction with their barb-shaped tips pierced into the layer 11 and then pulled out in the opposite direction were, from said fiber layer 11 individual fibers and / or fiber bundles 14 had torn out and drawn into the foam layer 12 so that they are embedded in this layer 12. The fiber connection bridges are in a corresponding manner 15 was created by a second needle loom with reversed directions of movement. Since the fiber connection bridges 14 are each the distance 16 from the boundary surface 124 and the fiber connection bridges 15 each the distance 17 from the boundary surface 122, the fiber bridges exercise within the composite piece portion 1 only their connecting, no further functions, so that to their realization the fiber connection bridges 21 illustrated in the composite piece section 2, 22 must be realized. All that is required is an enlargement of the Needle stroke in the needling machines without having to carry out further procedural measures are. It can be seen that in contrast to section 1 in section 2 of the composite material the fiber connection bridges 21, 22 have a length in which they not only the Foam layer 12 penetrates, but as far as it comes from the body facing Fiber layer 11 have been pulled out, lie in the fiber layer 13 and, as far as they consist of the fibrous layer 13 in the direction from bottom to top were pulled out, in the fiber layer 11 are embedded. In the section 2, therefore, the fiber connection bridges do not only exercise those relating to connection strength the layers leading function, but they also conduct heat and moisture the end one fiber layer into the other4 with the advanced ones already mentioned Effects arise.

The fiber connection bridges 31, 32 in section 3 of the composite piece have an even greater length, so that they the fiber material layer layers 11 and 13 penetrate almost to their entire strength.

In section 4, the fiber connection bridges intersect with the outer ones Boundary surfaces 43, 44 of the composite piece in area 4 are flush. That is to be realized either by appropriate stroke of the needles in the needling machines or in that the composite piece 4 is sheared, unless other measures realized to remove the fiber protrusions beyond the boundary surfaces 43, 44 will.

Finally, fiber connection bridges appear in section 5 of the composite material according to Sections 1 to 4 in a regulated or unregulated mixture, that the stroke setting of the needling machines is changed periodically or aperiodically or the needling machines can be equipped with a control that pre-programs the stroke changes. That is not essential to the invention, since it is already sufficient with one stroke adjustment the needling machines to work, which results in finished composite pieces after one of the sections 2 - 4 are executed. Section 1 merely illustrates that if the connection strength between the layers is insufficient can take action, the implementation of which leads to an increased number of unifying Fiber bridges according to Section 1 leads.

When the foregoing explained that the invention leads to that Possibility of the composite piece with the outer boundary surfaces of the fiber layer layers and to allow these areas to border on the atmosphere, so serves that, as stated, the fulfillment of the task, hygroscopic and hydrophilic fiber layers as close as possible to the body of the sleeper, whereby as far as optimal conditions through the complete elimination of sheets and / or sleeping clothes could be created if the necessary individual prerequisites were met are present. But if the latter are so that, for example, the use of the same Edition due to a changing majority of people according to their composition (hotels, Pensions etc.) that do not allow due to hygienic considerations, then close this is not a composite piece formed according to the invention with a To provide a coating or to accommodate it in a cover made of any material, especially if such, either completely closed or optional openable cover has the task of replacing the sheet, which is usually a mattress pad covering the rest of the time, it is in the essence of the invention that a composite piece designed according to the invention, as already stated at the beginning became, also as pillow, especially pillow, duvet, duvet or simply Bed filling, also as upholstery filling, in particular for motor vehicle seats, if necessary, with the exception of the duvet, can be used again without a cover can.

It can be significant that the composite material closes off from the outside To give boundary surfaces a fiaish, for example by roughening or roughening, by moistening, by exposure to heat (steaming), calendering, etc. to achieve certain effects.

The invention is suitable 1 under today's environmental conditions, living and living conditions (mattresses made of foam with a few grams of wool under the ticking, which is not visible, duvets or quilts filled with synthetic fibers, duvet cover materials also of synthetic origin, electric hot blankets with in Foam panels inserted heating coils, bubble furniture made of foam with synthetic or covered from non-breathing foils, even cot units consist only of plastic or foam, car seats and car backs made of heat-accumulating foams with synthetic additives) with the advantages of the invention. Even a sheepskin with natural skin does not eliminate anxiety every year due to heat build-up and @@@@@@@@ from Sweating @@ because the thick sheepskin has no air permeability.

By adding camel hair, camel wool and related fibers the moisture absorption capacity can be increased to 185 ff The sheep wool addition0 Such designs are suitable as lightweight duvets for the warm season or for areas in predominantly hot climates. Double and multi-layer designs are lightweight, but sufficiently warm, especially in duvet design.

To cover hospital needs, for a seasonally limited period of use The same structure of the composite is suitable for camping and leisure, however with reduced regulating effect by means of fiber blends, e.g. made of 80 siger synthetic fibers and made of 20% wool fiber. A substitute for skins and protective covers can also be considered of cars, namely as a car seat and car backrest, worked in the shape of a pipe, and filled with the composite material in two or three layers, one of which fits the car colors Cover fabric made of cotton in Velveton style with or without perforations to guarantee the regulating effect can be realized.

In order to maximize the versatility of processing a composite piece or A composite ban is to be displayed on: a) Sheep wool mattress toppers without cover, b) in a double-layer design as a replacement for electric blankets, c) Summer duvets in simple camel hair design, d) Double-layer winter duvets, e) Gymnastics or hobby mats for canping and outdoor use, here on the underside provided with an additional moisture-proof layer, f) insoles, as a base or outer fabric for house shoes, for abdominal or kidney protection bandages instead of the Angora material g) Filling material for sleeping bags, anoraks, gloves, skis or To refer mountain suits; Composites according to the invention are also suitable h) as regulatory material for the wrapping of car seat and backrest covers with upholstery fabric, especially in connection with full foam seats, further i) as covering materials for leather upholstered pads to avoid heat build-up, to avoid it of unwanted bedsores in hospital beds, as mattress pads for the Hospital supplies, for old residents' homes and finally J) with the thinnest foam layer As a loden-like outer fabric for hunting capes and hunting clothing.

The invention @@ extends both to each of its specified Features, even if it has only been mentioned in connection with other features is, as well as every realizable partial combination of the characteristics as finally also on the overall combination of all characteristics, as far as individual characteristics, Partial combinations and / or the overall combination is technically sensible, feasible and usable, even if achievable new technical effects are not mentioned and in detail are described. All recognizable in the description and / or the claims named and / or shown in the drawing details and any details am constellations of these are as such with their function or with their functions as well as with the functional context or the functional context as described and claimed provided that the partial combinations or the Total combination occur.

Claims (6)

CLAIMS 1. A composite material, such as a mattress topper United majority of Lagesohichten, characterized in that both B-boundary areas (122,124) a layer (12) made of moisture-proof a, if necessary moisture-repellent fabric One layer (11913) each made of a moisture-absorbing material and -absorbent fibrous material adjoin that fibers (14, 15; 21,22131,32; 41,42) des Fibrous material or bundle from them at least partially in the one from the moisture-repellent Existing layer of material lie, preferably up to the opposite The layer of fibrous material penetrate into it and into the latter along the length of its Protrusion over the moisture-repellent fabric or on part of its entire Length are embedded. 2. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fibrous material made of wool, preferably made of solid sheep fibers combined to form a fleece consists. 3. Composite material according to one of claims 1 - 2, characterized in that that the moisture-repellent material made of a foam, preferably from a consists at least for the most part of open-cell flexible polyurethane foam. 4. Composite material according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that that to the fiber connection bridges (14,15; 21,22; 31,32; 41,42) additional connecting means, for example in the form of edge-to-edge adhesive and / or welded seams and / or mutual Contact surfaces (122, 124) of the layer layers has distributed adhesive zones 0 5 Composite material according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the Moisture-impermeable or moisture-repellent fabric is shape-stabilized. 6. Composite material according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that that the boundary surfaces of the outer layers are roughened or roughened or are provided with a different finish.