DE2605740A1 - Mine tunnel or heading drive shield - with concrete applied in floor to roof sections exposed by advance of trailing knives - Google Patents

Abstract

Tunnels or headings are driven by a shield using driving cutters which are equipped with trailing knives and are forced singly or in groups, the wall lined in concrete during the shield advance. The concrete lining, viewed peripherally round the excavated section of the tunnel, is applied in sections. Concrete is sprayed onto the strips of wall (24, 17) surface as exposed with successive advance of the trailing knives (18) or groups of knives before the next group or knife is pulled up in its turn. The trailing knives (18) are preferably advanced, i.e. pulled up, singly or in groups starting from those at the floor, and the concrete is sprayed onto the wall in sections, from floor up to the roof.

Description

Procedure for driving tunnels or other cavities

by means of a shoring sign and a device for carrying out the Method The invention relates to a method for driving tunnels or others Cavities by means of a shoring shield, its jacking knives provided with re-running knives individually or in groups are pre-pressed in the direction of advance, with in the course the excavation wall is secured by a concrete lining. Furthermore, the invention relates to a shoring sign, which is particularly Can use advantage for the implementation of zes method.

Shoring shields are mainly used to drive tunnels, galleries or other cavities used in the Elhreich.

It is known that the jacking knife of the shoring shields with rear Extensions, so-called trailing knives, which cover the area between secure the rear end of the shoring plate and the already completed expansion. When the advance knives are pre-pressed, the follower knives are taken along. As soon all trailing knives around the stroke of the press cylinders assigned to the advancing knives are fetched, the area of the excavated wall exposed by the trailing knives secured by the introduction of an extension.

When driving through loose soils, it is also known to use the excavated wall before introducing the final extension by means of hardenable injection moldings, in particular Shotcrete to seal. It has also already been proposed to use the trailing knives Formed space to introduce expansion elements, such as expansion arches, which the trailing knife support and when pre-pressing the advance knives that of their trailing knives Secure the exposed area of the excavation cross-section.

After all, it is also known for jacking shields to have them with a rear shield tail hood or the like. to be provided, introduced into the expansion arches which when pre-pressing the shield the previously of the shield tail hood Secure the covered area of the excavated wall.

An in-situ concrete expansion is generally used here as the final expansion provided, which is introduced behind the shield using reversible formwork will.

The invention is based on the object of using a shoring sign a simplified, less complex and with a view to securing the excavation cross-section to create a more effective method of pouring concrete chalk. Further The invention aims at an embodiment of a useful in this insight Shoring shield along with its propulsion and Ixi following knives.

The inventive method is characterized in that the Concrete lining, viewed in the circumferential direction of the excavated cross-section, in sections is produced in zer way that shotcrete is applied to the successive Fetching your trailing knives with exposed strip-shaped groups of trailing knives Areas of the breakout wall is applied before the next one Specialist knife or the following group of trailing knives is fetched.

According to the method according to the invention, the expansion work can thus Carry out in such a way that in the course of the advance of the individual trailing knives the surface area of the excavated wall previously covered by them by application immediately secured by shotcrete. Here it is possible to adjust the advance speed the trailing knife and coordinate the spraying process so that that the excavated wall is never unsecured over a large area exposed. The process according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly expedient manner Carry out such that the trailing knives go from bottom to top individually or in groups be pulled forward one after the other and accordingly the breakout wall in sections is secured from bottom to top by applying the shotcrete. At this In the process, the concrete cladding is gradually moved from the bottom to the Ridge built up. It is possible without the use of special formwork to bring in the final concrete lining immediately in the final thickness.

To ensure that the concreting work is as independent as possible from the driving work To be able to carry out, it is advisable to arrange the arrangement in such a way that the trailing knives individually, independently of the jacking knives assigned to them or have it pulled forward in groups in the direction of advance. This makes it possible to use the Concrete lining immediately behind the shoring sign, i.e. ii area of its trailing knife, to be brought in at a point in time at which the jacking knife is not yet with With the help of their press cylinders they are pre-pressed to the next lubrication.

The inventive method is expediently Runaway leads that before the section-by-section introduction of the shotcrete lining into the trailing knives educated Shield area ring-shaped or arched extension elements along with reinforcement elements, such as reinforcement mats or the like, preferably will. The extension elements support the trailing knives loaded by the surrounding soil away. They also form part of the final concrete construction in which they stand still.

In the method according to the invention, the concrete lining is individually Concreting sections made, the length of which, seen in the direction of advance, about equal to the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder or the like that fetches the trailing knife.

is. Each concreting section is turned in the above-mentioned manner made of individual successive circumferential sections. To a steadfast and to achieve a tight concrete lining, is according to a further feature of the invention the shotcrete lining is placed in such a way that - viewed in the direction of advance - there is an interlocking of the successive concreting sections. This leaves in different ways through an appropriate profiling of the ends the trailing knife and / or by staggered arrangement of the trailing knife ends reach.

For carrying out the method according to the invention, it is expedient a shoring shield is used which, as is known, is provided with trailing knives has, which is slidably supported on a common support frame and means Hydraulic press cylinder supported on the support frame pre-pressable are. According to the invention, the trailing knives have such a design that when placing the concrete lining, the concrete sections on their face facing end face received axial projections and depressions, such that the aforementioned interlocking and Werkrel1ung the axial concreting achieved will.

If in the shield space formed by the trailing knives ring or Arched support frames are introduced into the final concrete support stop, the trailing knife is achieved at the same time with this configuration, that when the shotcrete lining is introduced in sections, the gap is also at the same time on the outer circumference of the support frame is filled with shotcrete, so that in more advantageous Way, a permanent connection of the support frame to the surrounding soil In order to achieve the mentioned end profile of the trailing knives, these be designed so that they each have at least one axial at their rear ends Tongue or the like.

have, the width of which is smaller than the width of the trailing knife on its remaining length range. This is preferably done in such a way that the axial tongue, seen in plan view, in the central axis of the trailing knife lies, the latter having a recess in addition to the axial tongue, that the concrete can get into. Instead, the arrangement can be also meet so that the trailing knives, seen in plan view, at their rear end up have two axial tongues with an intervening recess. luch exists aie possibility of the trailing knife, seen in plan view, with bevels or to be provided with an approximately trapezoidal profile.

The tongues mentioned or the bevels or other profiles aer trailing knives - viewed in the longitudinal direction of the trailing knife - preferably a length that is approximately equal to the width of one of the trailing knives at the end supporting ring-shaped or arched building blocks is.

The mentioned clawing of the axial concreting sections and the fixed Connection of the expansion frame to the surrounding soil can also be achieved by that the rear ends of the trailing knives located in the same advance position are arranged staggered against each other in the direction of advance. Also in this pall will. a toothed design of the end faces of the concreting sections is achieved. It is recommended that the trailing knives be different in length dimensioned in such a way that in each case a shorter trailing knife between two adjacent longer trailing knives.

According to a further feature of the invention are the trailing knives guided telescopically displaceable on their jacking knives. For the insertion of the Hydraulic cylinders are expediently hydraulic cylinders in their propulsion knives or the like.

intended. It is possible to use each individual trailing knife a to be assigned to a separate hydraulic cylinder or for a group of adjacent trailing knives to provide a common hydraulic cylinder.

For the trailing knives provided with the end profile or for the jacking knives equipped with such trailing knives will be used in the context of present application claims independent protection.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In aen drawings: Fig. 1 in longitudinal section a shoring plate according to the Invention, here for driving a tunnel, adit or other route serves in the ground; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the ends of a plurality of juxtaposed Trailing knife of the shoring sign shown in Figure 1; 3 to 5 in plan view different end profiles of the trailing knives; Fig. 6 in plan view several trailing knives of a shoring shield arranged next to one another, which here iit their Ends are staggered to each other.

As is known, the shoring sign shown in FIG. 1 consists of individual sales knives 10, which together form a cylindrical shield jacket which is the tunnel cross-section in the driving area on the Ortabrust 11 secures. The jacking knives 10, which are arranged parallel to one another, are supported on a common support frame 12, which consists of two in the propulsion direction V im There is spaced frame parts 13 and 14, which via longitudinal and diagonal struts 15 are connected to a rigid frame. Between the rare jacking knives 10 and the rear frame part 14 of the support frame 12 are double-acting hydraulic Press cylinder 16 switched on in an articulated manner.

The shoring sign is known to this extent. By pressurizing the Press cylinder 16 can be used individually or in groups in the jacking knives 10 Pre-press advance direction V, whereby the press cylinders are attached to the common support frame 12 and the latter by frictional engagement over the standing propulsion knife against the Support the surrounding soil. As soon as all jacking knives 10 are pre-pressed, can the support frame 12 by opposing pressurization of all press cylinders 16 can be made up for in one step. The press cylinders are supported here the pre-pressed jacking knives, which in turn frictionally engage with the surrounding In contact with the ground.

Securing the breakout wall 17 in the area behind the work area the shoring sign is done by means of trailing knives 18, which are made of profiled or unprofiled steel planks exist, which play in the embodiment shown are telescopically displaceable in the direction of arrow V with respect to the propulsion knives. The followers 18 are for this purpose, each via a separate Hydraulic cylinder 19 is coupled to the associated jacking knife 10.

The cylinders 19 are in tabs, profile recesses or in the interior the jacking knife 10 consist of hollow profiles. The piston rods 20 of the cylinders 19 engage at 21 on the front ends of the trailing knives 18. The coupling takes place Occasionally over joints.

The arrangement is made so that when the piston rods are inserted 20 of the cylinder 19, the trailing knives 18 are pulled forward in the advance direction V, wherein the cylinders 19 are supported on Aen propulsion knives 10, which in turn frictionally fit against the surrounding soil. As a result, it is possible the advance knives 10 and their trailing knives 18 independently of one another in the direction of the arrow V to be advanced or preferred.

This configuration of the shoring sign allows it to be introduced the concrete lining behind the shoring sign is largely independent of the actual lining To carry out tunneling work.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, the extended trailing knives are supported 18 on the annular extension frame 22, which is formed in the formed by the trailing knives cylindrical shield space are introduced. The distance between the neighboring expansion frames 22 is approximately equal to the stroke of the cylinders 19 of the trailing knives. When introducing the Extension frame 22 in the shield space of the trailing knife 18 are also reinforcement elements, preferably Reinforcement mats 23, introduced, which the space between the adjacent extension rails cover to their entire extent. As soon as the reinforcement meshes 23 and the expansion frames 22 have been introduced into the shield space of the trailing knife 18, the concreting work kick off. For this purpose, the trailing knives 18, starting at the sole up towards the roof, one after the other by means of its cylinder 19 in the direction of the arrow V preferred. Fig. 1 shows a lower trailing knife 18 ', which around the full Cylinder stroke has been brought forward. Wåhrena aes pulling this trailing knife the area of the breakout wall 17 previously covered by it is by means of a spray gun or del. covered with shotcrete.

This concreting section is designated by 24 in FIG. 1.

After completion of the concreting section 24, the overlying one will be Trailing knife 18 "with the help of its cylinder 19 is preferred, and at the same time the area field 24 previously covered by this trailing knife is concreted. At this The concrete lining can thus work at the same time as the individual is pulled forward Trailing knives are produced in successive sections 24, with the shotcrete lining was built up in sections from the bottom to the roof will.

The shotcrete lining introduced in this way can at the same time the final concrete expansion of the tunnel or the like.

form. It can be done in one stage or in several stages on the final strength of the finished concrete lining splash that is shown in Fig. 1 at 25. In the finished concrete structure 25 are the Reinforcement mats 23 and the expansion frame 22. The strength of the concrete expansion 25 is chosen so that the support frames 22 are completely in the concrete structure.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the extended oil trailing knife Support 18 with their ends on the respective rear extension frame 22. As soon as the Trailing knife 18 is fully retracted into the jacking knife 10 by means of the Zvlirzer 19 are, they are supported with their ends on the extension frame 22 in front of it. By successively pulling the trailing knives forward, a concreting section is created in stages produced, the axial length of which is equal to the stroke of the cylinder 19 or the distance the adjacent expansion frame 22 is. After the propulsion knife 10 to the hub their pressing cylinder 16 are pre-pressed in the direction of arrow V, can be pushed out Trailing knives 18 again produced a concreting section in the manner described will.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the trailing knife 18 with end profiles are provided. In the illustrated embodiment, these consist of tongues 26, which, seen in plan view, form axial projections of the trailing knife ends and lie in the longitudinal center axis of the trailing knife, so that both sides of the Tongue 26 two recesses 27 are present. The length of the tongues 26 is approximately equal to the width of the extension frame 22, so that the trailing knife in both their extended position as well as their inserted position with the tongues 26 support on the relevant expansion frame. If the shotcrete is being retracted If the trailing knife is introduced into the strip-shaped fields 24, it arrives at the same time in the recesses 27 lying to the side of the tongues 26, so that the The face of the axial concreting section facing the face 11 has an approximately toothed one Receive training. This ensures that the successive concreting sections claw against each other, whereby a dense and stable concrete lining is obtained will. Due to the concrete getting into the recesses 27, the support frames are also made 22 stabilized in their position.

The procedure described above for placing a concrete lining does not necessarily require that the trailing knives 18 compared to their propulsion knives 10 are telescopically displaceable in the advancing direction V urd in the opposite direction. The process can obviously also be carried out when the trailing knives 18 are firmly or preferably articulated with the propulsion knives 10. in the In the latter case, the connection is expediently made by joints that have a limited allow all-round joint mobility.

In Fig. 2, the ends of several adjacent ones are for clarity Trailing knife 18 frame in plan view represents, being one of these Follower knife 18 'is pulled forward by the stroke of its cylinder in the direction of arrow V. The area field previously covered by this. 24 is filled with shotcrete. The expansion frames 22 are indicated by dash-dotted lines. It can be seen that the between the tongues 26 lying recesses 27 are filled with shotcrete, whereby the toothed face of the concrete lining results.

This effect can also be seen with other end profiles of the trailing knives Reach 18. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a Sschlaufmesser 18, aessen end to both Sides at 29 is beveled so that, seen in plan view, an approximately trapezoidal Final profiling results. In this case, too, are between the adjacent trailing knives Trees 27 formed into which the shotcrete can penetrate.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the end 30 is the trailing knife 18, seen in plan view, is approximately triangular. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment, in which the follower knife 18 has two tongues 26 at its end, between which a recess 27 is located. In all of these cases, the aforementioned clawing can be avoided the axial concreting sections and the stabilization of the trailing knife in the shield area Achieve standing expansion frame.

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which the trailing knives 18 in have different lengths in an alternating sequence, such that each a shorter trailing knife lies between two longer trailing knives. The I <ngenzifferenz between the shorter and longer trailing knives is approximately equal to the width the expansion frame. 22. If all trailing knives 18 are fully extended, they overlap every second trailing knife the rear frame 22 to its full width, while the trailing knives lying between these trailing knives, indicated in Fig. 6 at 18a, with their ends in front of the difference in length in the direction of arrow V, wherein but they are also still supported on the rear frame 22. It can be seen that even with this staggered arrangement of the trailing knife a clawing of the Concreting is accessible.

It goes without saying that this clawing of the concreting sections can achieve with different end profiling zer trailing knife. The working examples 2 to 6 are therefore only preferred as possible embodiments to watch. It is advisable to give the trailing knives a certain taper, such that they taper conically towards their ends. This will make the preference the trailing knife makes it easier.

Claims (14)

Claims 1. A method for driving tunnels or other cavities by means of a shoring sign, its jacking knives provided with trailing knives be pre-pressed individually or in groups in the advance direction, with in the course the drive d. the excavated wall is secured by a concrete lining, characterized in that the concrete lining, in the circumferential direction of the excavation cross-section seen, is produced in sections in such a way that shotcrete on the when the trailing knives (18) or the trailing knife groups are brought up one after the other exposed strip-shaped surface areas (24) of the breakout wall (17) applied is before the next following follow-up knife or the following follow-up knife group is brought forward. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) from the bottom to the roof individually or in groups in succession fetched and. the shotcrete lining (25) in sections from the bottom is built towards the roof. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that before The section-by-section introduction of the shotcrete lining into the trailing knives (18) formed shield area ring-shaped or arched expansion elements (22) together with Reinforcement elements (23), as is preferred Reinforcement mesh or the like., be introduced. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the shotcrete lining 8o is introduced that a toothing of the - in Driving direction seen - successive concreting is achieved. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the trailing knives (18) are independent of the propulsion knives assigned to them (10) to be fetched. 6. Shoring sign, in particular to carry out the procedure according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, des sen provided with trailing knives Propulsion knife supported displaceably on a support frame and by means of the support frame supported hydraulic press cylinders are pre-pressable, characterized in that that the trailing knives (18) have such a training that when introduced the shotcrete lining the concrete sections on their face (11) facing End face axial projections and depressions or the like. exhibit. 7. Shoring sign according to claim 6, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) each have at least one axial tongue (26) at their rear end, the width of which is smaller than the width of the trailing knife on its remaining length range. 8. Shoring plate according to claim 7, characterized in that the axial tongue (26), seen in plan view, in the central axis of the trailing knife and the latter has a recess (27) in addition to the axial tongue. 9. Shoring plate according to claim 7, characterized in that the Trailing knives (18), seen in plan view, have two axial ones at their rear ends Have tongues (26) with an intermediate recess (27). 10. Shoring sign according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that that the trailing knives (18) at their rear ends, seen in plan view, bevels (29) or have an approximately trapezoidal or triangular design. 11. Shoring sign according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that that the tongues (26) or the bevels (29) or the like. - in the longitudinal direction of the trailing knife seen - have a length approximately equal to the width of one of the trailing knives end supporting annular or arcuate extension frame (22) is. 12. Shoring sign according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that that the rear ends of the trailing knives located in the same advance position (18) are staggered in relation to one another in the direction of advance 13th Shoring sign according to claim 12, characterized in that the trailing knives (18) have different lengths, such that each has a longer trailing knife lies between two adjacent shorter trailing knives. 14. Verbauschils smoke one of claims 6 to 13, characterized by, that the trailing knives (18) can be displaced telescopically on their advancing knives t10) are led. -5. Shoring sign according to claim 14, characterized in that between each trailing knife (18) and its propulsion knife (10) a hydraulic cylinder (19) is arranged.