DE2528688A1 - Lead calcium alloy for accumulator grids - is made from commercially pure lead contg. bismuth - Google Patents
Lead calcium alloy for accumulator grids - is made from commercially pure lead contg. bismuthInfo
- Publication number
- DE2528688A1 DE2528688A1 DE19752528688 DE2528688A DE2528688A1 DE 2528688 A1 DE2528688 A1 DE 2528688A1 DE 19752528688 DE19752528688 DE 19752528688 DE 2528688 A DE2528688 A DE 2528688A DE 2528688 A1 DE2528688 A1 DE 2528688A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- bismuth
- calcium
- alloy
- contg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002142 lead-calcium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001439 antimony ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
- C22C11/02—Alloys based on lead with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Blei-Calcium-Legierung Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Blei-Calcium-Legierung für Akkumulatorengitter, die neben 0,05 bis 0,08 Ges.% Calcium noch Wismut enthält. Lead-calcium alloy The invention relates to a lead-calcium alloy for accumulator grid, which contains not only 0.05 to 0.08 total% calcium but also bismuth.
Die Gitter von Bleiakkumulatoren werden in aller Regel aus Blei-Antimon-Legierungen mit einem Antimongehalt von 4 bis 11 Ges.% hergestellt. Hierbei erfüllt das Antimon die Aufgabe, dem von Haus aus sehr weichen und für eine Verarbeitung von Akkumualtorengittern nicht verwendbaren Reinblei die erforderliche Festigkeit und Gießfähigkeit zu verleihen. Das Antimon ist in diesen Legierungen eine Komponente, die die Herstellung der Gitter aufgrund seiner vergleichsweise hohen Kosten nicht unbeachtlich verteuert.The grids of lead accumulators are usually made of lead-antimony alloys with an antimony content of 4 to 11 total percent. Here the antimony fulfills the task, which is inherently very soft and for processing battery gate grids To give non-usable pure lead the required strength and castability. In these alloys, the antimony is a component that is responsible for the production of the lattice not insignificantly expensive due to its comparatively high costs.
Weiterhin erhöht sich mit steigendem Antimongehalt die Gasentwicklung und die Wanderung von Antimonionen zur negativen Elektrode des Akkumulators führt im Betrieb zu einer Vergiftung dieser Elektrode, wodurch die Selbstentladung des Akkumulators gefördert wird. Aus diesen Gründen ist man schon immer bemüht gewesen, den Antimongehalt der Gitter für Bleiakkumulatoren soweit wie möglich zu senken.Furthermore, the evolution of gas increases with increasing antimony content and migration of antimony ions leads to the negative electrode of the accumulator poisoning of this electrode during operation, causing self-discharge of the Accumulator is promoted. For these reasons one has always tried to reduce the antimony content of the grids for lead-acid batteries as much as possible.
Aus diesen Gründen ist in der DT-PS 2 151 733 eine antimonarme Bleilegierung für Akkumulatorengitter vorgesehen, die aus 1,5 bis 3,5 Gew.% Antimon, 0,025 bis 0,20 Ges.% Arsen, 0,005 bis 0,1 5' Selen und 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.% Zinn, Rest Blei, besteht. Durch diese Legierung sollen das Gefüge stabilisiert, die Zähigkeit erhöht sowie die Korrosionsbeständigkeit verbessert werden, während durch den Zinnzusatz die Gießfähigkeit und Gießleistung gesteigert, durch den Selenzusatz die Rißbildung verhindert und durch den Arsenzusatz die Härte erhöht werden sollen.For these reasons, DT-PS 2 151 733 contains a lead alloy with a low antimony content intended for accumulator grid, which consists of 1.5 to 3.5 wt.% Antimony, 0.025 to 0.20 total weight% arsenic, 0.005 to 0.15 'selenium and 0.01 up to 0.05% by weight Tin, the remainder lead. This alloy should stabilize the structure, the toughness is increased as well as the corrosion resistance can be improved, while the addition of tin increases the castability and casting performance; the addition of selenium the formation of cracks is prevented and the hardness is to be increased by the addition of arsenic.
Darüberhinaus bedürfen die aus dieser Legierung hergestellten Akkumulatorengitter eines vergleichsweise niedrigeren Wartungsaufwand.In addition, the battery grids made from this alloy are required a comparatively lower maintenance effort.
Neben der Entwicklung von antimonarmen Bleilegierungen ist in den letzten Jahren das Interesse an Blei-Calcium-Legierungen für die Herstellung von Akkumulatorengittern gewachsen, da die damit ausgerüsteten Akkumulatoren praktisch wartungsfrei sind und das Calcium in dieser Legierung eine Komponente darstellt, die das Blei härtet, günstig im Preis ist und auch unbegrenzt zur Verfügung steht. Aufgrund des relativ hohen Schmelzpunktes von Calcium gegenüber Blei und seiner hohen Reaktionsfähigkeit mit der Luft, ist es erforderlich, daß das Calcium in Form einer Vorlegierung der Bleischmelze£zugeführt wird.In addition to the development of low-antimony lead alloys, the recent years interest in lead-calcium alloys for the production of Accumulator grids have grown because the accumulators equipped with them are practical are maintenance-free and the calcium is a component in this alloy, which hardens the lead, is cheap in price and is also available in unlimited quantities. Due to the relatively high melting point of calcium compared to lead and its high reactivity with the air, it is necessary that the calcium is in the form a master alloy of the molten lead £ is fed.
i iz Die mechanischen Eigenschäften von Blei-Calcium-Legierungen hängen vom Calciumgehalt, von den Kühlbedingungen nach dem Gießen und vom Altern ab. Schnelles Abkühlen bewirkt einen bedentenden Anstieg der Härte. Bei luftgekühlten Probekörpern liegt das Härtemaximum bei einem Calciumgehalt. von 0,085 Gew.5', während das Härtemaximum von abgeschreckten Proben bei einem Calciumgehalt von 0,13 Gew.5' erreicht wird, wobei die Härte im ersten Fall bei ca. i iz The mechanical properties of lead-calcium alloys depend on the calcium content, the cooling conditions after pouring and the aging away. Rapid cooling causes a significant increase in hardness. With air-cooled Specimens have a maximum hardness with a calcium content. of 0.085 wt. 5 ', while the hardness maximum of quenched samples with a calcium content of 0.13 wt. 5 ' is reached, whereby the hardness in the first case is approx.
10 kp/mm2 und im zweiten Fall bei ca. 15 kp/mm2 liegt (Zeitschrift für Mejallkunde 30 (1938), Seiten 419 bis 422).10 kp / mm2 and in the second case approx. 15 kp / mm2 (magazine for Mejallkunde 30 (1938), pages 419 to 422).
Bekannt ist auch, daß die Anfangsfestigkeit, d.h. die Festigkeit während der ersten Minuten der Aushärtung der eingangs genannten Blei-Calcium-Legierung durch den Zusatz von 150 bis 550 ppm Wismut verbessert werden kann. Diese Anfangsfestigkeit ist wichtig für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung der Gitterplatten bis zu und während des Auftragens der Füllmasse, da durch die Zugabe von Wismut in den angegebenen Grenzen eine Beschleunigung der Aushärtung eintritt.It is also known that the initial strength, i.e. the strength during the first minutes of hardening of the lead-calcium alloy mentioned at the beginning can be improved by adding 150 to 550 ppm bismuth. This initial strength is important for a successful treatment of the grid plates up to and during of the application of the filling compound, as the addition of bismuth in the specified Limits an acceleration of the curing occurs.
Indessen herrscht bis heute die Ansicht vor, daß Blei-Calcium-Gitterwerkstoffe auf der-Basis von Pb 99,99 oder Pb 99,985, also praktisch frei von bzw. sehr arm an Wismut, hergestellt werden müssen, um ein befriedigendes Korrosionsverhalten im Batteriebetrieb zu erzielen, Dem entspricht der analytisch feststellbare Bi-Gehalt in den Gittern marktüblicher wartungsfreier versiegelter PbCa-Batterien und die Angabe einer typischen Legierungsspezifikation (Grid Metal Manual for Storage Batteries; Indepedent Battery Manufacturers Association, Inc, 1973, Largo/Florida, USA).However, to this day the view prevails that lead-calcium lattice materials on the basis of Pb 99.99 or Pb 99.985, i.e. practically free of or very poor of bismuth, must be produced in order to achieve satisfactory corrosion behavior to be achieved in battery operation, this corresponds to the analytically ascertainable Bi content in the grids of commercially available maintenance-free sealed PbCa batteries and the Specification of a typical alloy specification (Grid Metal Manual for Storage Batteries; Independent Battery Manufacturers Association, Inc, 1973, Largo / Florida, USA).
Darüberhinaus führt der bekannte Kroll-Betterton-Prozeß, bei dem mit Calcium und Magnesium entwismutiert wird, bei Blei-Metallurgen häufig zu der Meinung, daß sich Calcium und Wismut nicht nebeneinander im Blei vertragen würden.In addition, the well-known Kroll-Betterton process, in which with Calcium and magnesium are dismuted, lead metallurgists are often of the opinion that that calcium and bismuth would not get along side by side in lead.
Es wurde je#doch gefunden, daß die vorgenannten befürchteten Nachteile bezüglich Korrosion und Verträglichkeit nicht eintreten, wenn eine Blei-Calcium-Legierung für die Herstellung von Akkumulatorengittern verwendet wird, die neben 0,05 bis 0,1 Gew.% Calcium erfindungsgemäß noch 0,015 bis 0,10#Gew.5' Wismut enthält.However, it has been found that the aforementioned disadvantages are feared with regard to corrosion and compatibility do not occur if a lead-calcium alloy is used for the production of accumulator grids, which in addition to 0.05 to According to the invention, 0.1% by weight calcium still contains 0.015 to 0.10% by weight of bismuth.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Blei-Calcium-Legierung Hüttenblei gemäß DIN 1719, das 0,05 bis 0,09 Gew.% Wismut enthält, verwendet wird. Das hat den Vorteil, daß das Wismut aus dem Hüttenblei nicht mehr in einem kostspieligen Prozeß entfernt werden muß.It is particularly advantageous if metallurgical lead is used as the lead-calcium alloy according to DIN 1719, which contains 0.05 to 0.09% by weight of bismuth, is used. That has the advantage that the bismuth from the metallurgical lead is no longer an expensive one Process must be removed.
Gegebenenfalls kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn der Blei-Calcium-Wismut-Legierung noch 0,05 bis 2 Gew05' Zinn zugesetzt sind.It may be useful if the lead-calcium-bismuth alloy 0.05 to 2% by weight of tin are still added.
Die Erfindung wird in den nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert: Je vier gegossene Zylinder mit 21,6 cm2 Oberfläche aus Blei mit Zusatz von 0,1 Gew05' Calcium und 0,1 Gew.% Wismut sowie mit 0,08 Gew.5' Calcium alleine wurden in einer elementartigen Anordnung in Akkumulatorensäure 50 Tage lang tagsüber mit 0,2 A aufgeladen und nachts mit 0,02 bis 0,001 A entladen. Danach wurde die mittlere Gewichtsabnahme jeweils vor und nach dem Abbeizen der bei diesem Korrosionsangriff auf der Oberfläche entstandenen Pb02-Schicht ermittelt.The invention is explained in more detail in the following exemplary embodiments explained: Four cast cylinders each with a 21.6 cm2 surface made of lead with an additive of 0.1% by weight calcium and 0.1% by weight bismuth and with 0.08% by weight calcium alone were in an element-like arrangement in accumulator acid for 50 days during the day charged with 0.2 A and discharged at night with 0.02 to 0.001 A. After that, the Average weight loss before and after the stripping of the corrosion attack Pb02 layer formed on the surface was determined.
Folgende Meßwerte wurden erhalten:
PatentansprücheClaims
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752528688 DE2528688A1 (en) | 1975-06-27 | 1975-06-27 | Lead calcium alloy for accumulator grids - is made from commercially pure lead contg. bismuth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752528688 DE2528688A1 (en) | 1975-06-27 | 1975-06-27 | Lead calcium alloy for accumulator grids - is made from commercially pure lead contg. bismuth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2528688A1 true DE2528688A1 (en) | 1977-01-13 |
Family
ID=5950073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752528688 Withdrawn DE2528688A1 (en) | 1975-06-27 | 1975-06-27 | Lead calcium alloy for accumulator grids - is made from commercially pure lead contg. bismuth |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2528688A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1403946A3 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-04-21 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Alloy for battery grids |
| US8252464B2 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2012-08-28 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Method of making a battery grid |
| US8399135B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2013-03-19 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| JP2016171018A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Lead storage battery |
| US9577266B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2017-02-21 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Negative grid for battery |
| US9748578B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2017-08-29 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery and battery plate assembly |
| US10170768B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid assembly for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator battery |
| US10418637B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2019-09-17 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid arrangement for plate-shaped battery electrode and accumulator |
| US10892491B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2021-01-12 | CPS Technology Holdings LLP | Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance |
| US12451493B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2025-10-21 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery grid |
-
1975
- 1975-06-27 DE DE19752528688 patent/DE2528688A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8252464B2 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2012-08-28 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Method of making a battery grid |
| US8709664B2 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2014-04-29 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| EP1403946A3 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-04-21 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Alloy for battery grids |
| US8399135B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2013-03-19 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| US8974972B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2015-03-10 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| US8980419B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2015-03-17 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grid |
| US9577266B2 (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2017-02-21 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Negative grid for battery |
| US9748578B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2017-08-29 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery and battery plate assembly |
| US10985380B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2021-04-20 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery and battery plate assembly with highly absorbent separator |
| US11824204B2 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2023-11-21 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery and battery plate assembly with absorbent separator |
| US10892491B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2021-01-12 | CPS Technology Holdings LLP | Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance |
| US11539051B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2022-12-27 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance |
| US12132209B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2024-10-29 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery grid with varied corrosion resistance |
| US10170768B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid assembly for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator battery |
| US10840515B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2020-11-17 | Clarios Germany Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid assembly for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator battery |
| US11611082B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2023-03-21 | Clarios Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Grid assembly for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator battery |
| US10418637B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2019-09-17 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid arrangement for plate-shaped battery electrode and accumulator |
| JP2016171018A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-23 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Lead storage battery |
| US12451493B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2025-10-21 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Battery grid |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8130 | Withdrawal |