DE2517033A1 - Degradation of aflatoxins in feeding stuffs - using ammonium salts of aliphatic acids ammonium bicarbonate, urea or a mixt. of these - Google Patents
Degradation of aflatoxins in feeding stuffs - using ammonium salts of aliphatic acids ammonium bicarbonate, urea or a mixt. of theseInfo
- Publication number
- DE2517033A1 DE2517033A1 DE19752517033 DE2517033A DE2517033A1 DE 2517033 A1 DE2517033 A1 DE 2517033A1 DE 19752517033 DE19752517033 DE 19752517033 DE 2517033 A DE2517033 A DE 2517033A DE 2517033 A1 DE2517033 A1 DE 2517033A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- aflatoxin
- urea
- ammonium
- aflatoxins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229930195730 Aflatoxin Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000005409 aflatoxin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aflatoxin G Chemical compound O=C1OCCC2=C1C(=O)OC1=C2C(OC)=CC2=C1C1C=COC1O2 XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;propanoic acid Chemical compound N.CCC(O)=O XJMWHXZUIGHOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MDUBPQGQPBQGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(C)C([O-])=O MDUBPQGQPBQGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000003322 Coinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000757 Microbial toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Abbau des Aflatoxingehaltes von Futtermitteln Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Abbau des Aflatoxingehaltes vo. Futtermitteln durch Zusatz von Ammoniakderivaten in Form von Ammoniumsalzen niederer aliphatischer Säuren, Ammoniumbicarbonat, Harnstoff oder Mischungen aus diesen Agenzien.Process for reducing the aflatoxin content of animal feed Subject The invention is a method for reducing the aflatoxin content of vo. Feed by adding ammonia derivatives in the form of ammonium salts of lower aliphatic Acids, ammonium bicarbonate, urea or mixtures of these agents.
Die Aflatoxine sind eine Gruppe von Stoffwechterenprodukten des Schimmelpilzes Aspergillus flavus. dieser Schimmelpilz entwickelt sich bevorzugt in topischen Klimata mit hoher relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit speziell auf Erdnußkernen, Erdnußmehl, Baumwollsaatschrot, Maniok, Mais und anderem.The aflatoxins are a group of metabolic products of the mold Aspergillus flavus. this mold preferentially develops in topical climates with high relative humidity especially for peanut kernels, peanut flour, cottonseed meal, Cassava, corn and other things.
In natürlich infizierten landwirtschaftlichen Produkten überwiegt die Verbindung Aflatoxin Bl, deren Toxizität und karzinogene Wirkung die der anderen Aflatoxine übertrifft. Die Aufnahme von Futter mit nur geringem Aflatoxingehalt führt bei Tieren zu einer schlechteren Fltterverwertung und in der Folge zu verlangsamtem Wachstum. Hauptsymptom einer Aflatoxikose ist eine Schädigung der Leber.In naturally infected agricultural products predominates the compound aflatoxin Bl, its toxicity and carcinogenic effect those of the others Aflatoxins outperforms. Consumption of feed with low aflatoxin content leads to a poorer flutter utilization in animals and, as a result, to a slower rate Growth. The main symptom of aflatoxicosis is damage to the liver.
Da die Aflatoxine aus dem Tierkörper in Form von Rückständen in tierischen Produkten, wie z.B. Milch, Eiern und Fleisch, in den menschlichen Körper gelangen können, wurde der zulässige Höchstgehalt an Aflatoxinen In Futtermitteln von der F.A.O. (Food and Agriculture Organization) auf 50 ppb festgesetzt.Because the aflatoxins from the carcass in the form of residues in animal Products such as milk, eggs and meat get into the human body The maximum permitted level of aflatoxins in feed has been changed by the F.A.O. (Food and Agriculture Organization) set at 50 ppb.
Die Reduzierung des Aflatoxingehaltes auf diesen Wert kann auf chemischem Weg erfolgen. 3eispielsweise lassen sich Aflatoxine durch Einwirkung basischer Substanzen zerstören. Geeignet sind unter anderem Oxide oder Hydroxide der Alkali- bzw. Erdalkalimetalle (J. Am. Oil Chemists' Soc. 45, 862 (1968)), Methylamin (US-PS 5 585 041), Hydroxide oder Oxide der Alkali- bzw. Erdalkalimetalle zusammen mit aliphatischen Aminen (DT-OS 2 406 797) oder Ammoniak (US-PS 3 429 709).The reduction of the aflatoxin content to this value can be due to chemical Be done away. For example, aflatoxins can be released through the action of basic substances destroy. Are suitable including oxides or hydroxides of Alkali or alkaline earth metals (J. Am. Oil Chemists' Soc. 45, 862 (1968)), methylamine (US Pat. No. 5,585,041), hydroxides or oxides of the alkali or alkaline earth metals together with aliphatic amines (DT-OS 2,406,797) or ammonia (US-PS 3,429,709).
Der chemischen Zerstörung der Aflatoxine nach den bekannten Methoden sind Grenzen gesetzt durch die Eigentoxizität der Chemikalien und durch Geruchs- oder Geschmacksbeeinträchtigung der Futtermittel. Insbesondere die Behandlung mit Ammoniak und mit Methylamin wirft Probleme auf. Ammoniak läßt sich nur bei höherer Temperatur und vorzugsweise unter erhöhtem Druck anwenden. Nach der Behandlung lassen sich sowohl Ammoniak als auch Methylamin nicht vollständig entfernen und verleihen dem Futter einen unangenehmen Geruch und Geschmack. Fütterungsversuche mit Broilern mit einem 20igen Futterzusatz an ammoniakbehandeltem Baumwollsaatschrot zeigten, daß die Gewichtszunahme der Tiere zurückgeht.The chemical destruction of the aflatoxins according to the known methods limits are set by the inherent toxicity of the chemicals and by odor or impairment of the taste of the feed. In particular, the treatment with Ammonia and methylamine pose problems. Ammonia can only be used at higher levels Apply temperature and preferably under increased pressure. Leave after treatment Both ammonia and methylamine do not completely remove and lend the feed has an unpleasant smell and taste. Feeding trials with broilers showed with a 20% feed of ammonia-treated cottonseed meal, that the weight gain of the animals decreases.
Bekannt ist, daß das Wachstum von Mikroorganismen in Futtermitteln durch Zugabe von niederen aliphatischen Säuren, insbesondere von Propionsäure und ihren Salzen, oder von Mischungen dieser Säuren verhindert werden kann (DT-OS 2 019 972; GB-PS 1 160 430). Die DT-OS 2 212 115 und die DT-OS 2 )53 794 lehren, daß Isobuttersäure und ihre Salze als Konservierungsmittel für Futtermittel geeignet sind, da sie das Wachstum pathogener Substanzen, auch bei hohem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Futtermittel, verhindern.It is known that the growth of microorganisms in feed by adding lower aliphatic acids, especially propionic acid and their salts, or mixtures of these acids can be prevented (DT-OS 2 019 972; GB-PS 1 160 430). DT-OS 2 212 115 and DT-OS 2) 53 794 teach that Isobutyric acid and its salts are suitable as preservatives for animal feed because they encourage the growth of pathogenic substances, even with high moisture content the feed, prevent.
Diese beschriebenen Maßnahmen haben allerdings nur das Ziel, das Mikrobenwachstum zu hemmen und damit die Toxinbildung aus zu schließen.However, these measures only have the goal of preventing microbial growth to inhibit and thus to exclude the formation of toxins.
Es wurde nun ein Verfahren zum Abbau des Aflatoxingehaltes von Futtermitteln durch Zugabe von Ammoniakderivaten gefunden das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man dem aflatoxinhaltigen Futtermittel Ammoniumsalze niederer aliphatischer Säuren der allge meinen Formel CnH2n+1 COOH, wobei n eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5 sein kann, Ammoniumbicarbonat, Harnstoff oder Mischungen aus diesen Agenzien zusetzt.There has now been a process for reducing the aflatoxin content of animal feed found by adding ammonia derivatives which is characterized in that ammonium salts of lower aliphatic acids are added to the aflatoxin-containing feed the general formula CnH2n + 1 COOH, where n can be an integer from 1 to 5, Ammonium bicarbonate, urea or mixtures of these agents are added.
Als Ammoniumsalze der niederen aliphatischen Fettsäuren kommen Ammoniumacetat, Ammoniumpropionat und Ammoniumisobutyrat in Betracht.The ammonium salts of the lower aliphatic fatty acids are ammonium acetate, Ammonium propionate and ammonium isobutyrate into consideration.
Die Verwendung dieser Substanzen hat gegenüber der Verwendung der bisher zur Zerstörung der Aflatoxine verwendeten chemischen Mittel entscheidende Vorteile: Die Agenzien müssen nach der Behandlung nicht entfernt werden, da sie selbst in höheren Dosierungen sowohl an Monogastride als auch an Wiederkäuer verfüttert werden können. Sie sind nicht toxisch und praktisch geruchs- und geschmacksfrei.The use of these substances has over against the use of the Chemical agents used so far to destroy the aflatoxins are decisive Advantages: The agents do not have to be removed after treatment as they fed to both monogastrides and ruminants even in higher doses can be. They are non-toxic and practically odorless and tasteless.
Wertvolle Inhaltsstoffe der Futtermittel werden durch die Behandlung weder zerstort noch entfernt. Der Nährwert des Futtermittels wird im Gegenteil durch den Zusatz an Stickstoff erhöht.Valuable ingredients of the feed are removed through the treatment neither destroyed nor removed. The nutritional value of the feed is on the contrary due increased the addition of nitrogen.
Die Agenzien wirken nicht störend bei der Weiterverarbeitung der Futtermittel, beispielsweise beim Vermahlen zu einem Clkuchen.The agents do not interfere with the further processing of the feed, for example when grinding into a cl cake.
Sie wirken nicht korrosiv und können deshalb in nicht korrosionsfesten Behalten transportiert und gelagert werden.They are not corrosive and can therefore not be used in corrosion-resistant Can be kept transported and stored.
Insbesondere Ammoniumpropionat und Ammonlumisobutyrat bewirken nicht nur den Abbau der Aflatoxine, sondern konservieren gleichzeitig die Futtermittel. Bei der Lagerung tritt, auch bei höherem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt, keine Sekundärinfektion auf, da sich der Aspergillus flavus nIcht mehr entwickeln kann.In particular, ammonium propionate and ammonium isobutyrate have no effect only the degradation of the aflatoxins, but at the same time preserve the feed. No secondary infection occurs during storage, even with a higher moisture content because the Aspergillus flavus can no longer develop.
Überraschend ist die gute Wirksamkeit von Ammoniumbicarbonat, da aus der Literatur bekannt ist, daß Ammoniumcarbonat den Aflatoxingehalt von Erdnußmehl nur unzureichend reduziert (Microbial Toxins, Band VI, Fungal Toxins, 1971, S. 65).The effectiveness of ammonium bicarbonate is surprising, as it is from it is known in the literature that ammonium carbonate reduces the aflatoxin content of peanut flour only insufficiently reduced (Microbial Toxins, Volume VI, Fungal Toxins, 1971, p. 65).
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die Agenzien dem aflatoxinhaltigen Futtermittel zweckmäßigerweise in fester Form oder in Form wäßriger Losungen zugemischt. Bei Verwendung wäßriger Lösungen eignen sich die üblichen Dosiervorrichtungen.According to the method according to the invention, the agents are the aflatoxin Feed appropriately in solid form or in the form of aqueous Solutions mixed in. When using aqueous solutions, the usual metering devices are suitable.
Die Dosierung richtet sich sowohl nach dem Aflatoxin- als auch nach dem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Futtermittels und liegt zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich von 0,) bis 15 Gewichtsprozent Agens, bezogen auf Futtermittel. Die Menge sollte so gewählt werden, daß sie ausreicht, um den Aflatoxingehalt auf den zulässigen Wert von 50 ppb zu senken. Erfahrungsgemäß liegt der Aflatoxingehalt von Futtermitteln, die einen gewissen Besatz an Aspergillus flavus habenXim Bereich von einigen ppb bis 7 bis 4 ppm.The dosage depends on both the aflatoxin and the the moisture content of the feed and is expediently in the range from 0.1) to 15 percent by weight of the agent, based on feed. The crowd should be chosen so that it is sufficient to reduce the aflatoxin content to the permissible level Lower the value by 50 ppb. Experience has shown that the aflatoxin content of feed is which have a certain amount of Aspergillus flavusXin the range of a few ppb up to 7 to 4 ppm.
Bei einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt unter 12 Gewichtsprozent ist das Schimmelwachstum unterbunden, so daß eine Nachbildung von Aflatoxinen nicht mehr möglich ist.If the moisture content is below 12 percent by weight, there is mold growth prevented, so that replication of aflatoxins is no longer possible.
Durch toxinbildende Mikroorganismen gefährdete Futtermittel, die einer Behandlung unterzogen werden müssen, sind alle Mischfuttermittel für landwirtschaftliche Nutztierarten und Einzelfuttermittel wie beispielsweise Erdnußkerne, Erdnußmehl, Soja, Tapioka, Mais, Maiskörner, Maisschrot, Baumwollsaatmehl, Baumwollsaatschrot, Miloschrot oder Weizen Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Aflatoxinzerstörung in infizierten Ölkuchen, insbesondere Erdnußölkuchen, zu.Feed endangered by toxin-producing microorganisms, which a All compound feeds for agricultural use must be subjected to treatment Livestock species and feed materials such as peanut kernels, peanut flour, Soy, tapioca, corn, corn kernels, corn meal, cottonseed meal, cottonseed meal, Milo meal or wheat The destruction of aflatoxin in infected people is of particular importance Oil cake, especially peanut oil cake, too.
Um die aflatoxinabbauende Wirkung der Agenzien nachweisen zu können, wurden folgende Versuche durchgeführt: Zu Erdnußschrot mit einem ublichen Aflatoxingehalt von 0,5 ppm bzw. mit einem hohen Aflatoxingehalt von 2,5 ppm und einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von 14 Gewichtsprozent werden 1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Agens, bezogen auf Erdnußschrot, gegeben und in einem Labormischer gemischt. Der ursprüngliche Aflatoxingehalt des Erdnußschrots war bis zum Versuchsbeginn huber einige Monate konstant geblieben.In order to be able to prove the aflatoxin-degrading effect of the agents, The following experiments were carried out: On peanut meal with a customary aflatoxin content of 0.5 ppm or with a high aflatoxin content of 2.5 ppm and a moisture content from 14 percent by weight, 1 to 5 percent by weight of agent, based on peanut meal, given and mixed in a laboratory mixer. The original aflatoxin content of the Peanut meal had remained constant for a few months before the start of the experiment.
In Abständen von rund einer Woche wurden die Proben auf ihren Aflatoxingehalt nach der in Landwirtschaftliche Forschung 22, 130 (1969) beschriebenen Methode untersucht.At intervals of around one week, the samples were checked for their aflatoxin content investigated according to the method described in Agricultural Research 22, 130 (1969).
Die Ergebnisse sind der folgenden tabellarischen Aufstellung zu entnehmen.The results can be found in the following table.
Behandlung Anwendungsform Menge der Anwendungsform Aflatoxingehalt in ppm, Aflatoxingehalt in ppm, benzogen auf Futtermittel, in Gew.% benzogen auf benzogen auf Futtermittel, nach Futtermittel vor der Behandlung 7d 14d 20d 30d Ammoniumisobutyrat 70%ige wäßrige 1 2,5 2,25 Lösung 5 2,5 1,5 Ammoniumpropionat 65%ige wäßrige 1 2,5 2,0 1,88 2,0 Lösung 5 2,5 1,55 1,55 1,75 Ammoniumacetat fest 1 2,5 2,0 5 2,5 1,5 Ammoniumbicarbonat fest 5 2,5 1,45 1,55 1,0 Harnstoff fest 1 2,5 1,25 5 2,5 0,91 Natriumpropionat fest 5 0,5 0,6 Calciumpropionat fest 5 2,5 2,5 Natriumacetat fest 1 0,5 0,45 2,5 0,5 0,5 5 0,5 0,5 Calciumformiat fest 5 2,5 2,6 Propionsäure 100%ige 0,3 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 1 0,5 0,6 Ammoniak 25%iges Ammoniakwasser 5 2,5 0 0,88 1,0 Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen deutlich, daß die Ammoniumsalze der niederen aliphatischen Fettsäuren, nicht aber die Calcium-oder Natriumsalze Aflatoxine zerstören. Sehr gute Ergebnisse werden außerdem durch die Zugabe von Ammoniumbicarbonat und Harnstoff erzielt.Treatment Application form Amount of the application form Aflatoxin content in ppm, aflatoxin content in ppm, benzogen on feed, in wt.% benzogen on benzogenic on feed, after feed before treatment 7d 14d 20d 30d ammonium isobutyrate 70% aqueous 1 2.5 2.25 solution 5 2.5 1.5 ammonium propionate 65% aqueous 1 2.5 2.0 1.88 2.0 solution 5 2.5 1.55 1.55 1.75 ammonium acetate solid 1 2.5 2.0 5 2.5 1.5 Solid ammonium bicarbonate 5 2.5 1.45 1.55 1.0 Solid urea 1 2.5 1.25 5 2.5 0.91 Sodium propionate solid 5 0.5 0.6 Calcium propionate solid 5 2.5 2.5 Sodium acetate solid 1 0.5 0.45 2.5 0.5 0.5 5 0.5 0.5 Solid calcium formate 5 2.5 2.6 Propionic acid 100% 0.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1 0.5 0.6 Ammonia 25% ammonia water 5 2.5 0 0.88 1.0 the Experimental results clearly show that the ammonium salts of the lower aliphatic Fatty acids, but not the calcium or sodium salts, destroy aflatoxins. very Good results are also achieved by adding ammonium bicarbonate and urea achieved.
Der Vergleich mit reiner Propionsäure, die als Konservierungsmittel bekannt ist, zeigt, daß der Aflatoxingehalt nach Zugabe von Propionsäure nicht vermindert wird, sondern, wie zu erwarten, konstant bleibt.The comparison with pure propionic acid used as a preservative is known, shows that the aflatoxin content does not decrease after the addition of propionic acid but, as expected, remains constant.
Im Vergleich dazu fällt der Aflatoxingehalt bei der Behandlung mit Ammoniakwasser zwar auf 0 ab, steigt dann aber wieder in wenigen Wochen auf 40 des ursprünglichen Wertes an, da die Aflatoxin-bildenden Mikroorganismen durch die Behandlung mit Ammoniak nicht abgetötet werden.In comparison, the aflatoxin content falls in the treatment Ammonia water drops to 0, but then rises again to 40 des in a few weeks original value, as the aflatoxin-producing microorganisms through the treatment cannot be killed with ammonia.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752517033 DE2517033A1 (en) | 1975-04-17 | 1975-04-17 | Degradation of aflatoxins in feeding stuffs - using ammonium salts of aliphatic acids ammonium bicarbonate, urea or a mixt. of these |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752517033 DE2517033A1 (en) | 1975-04-17 | 1975-04-17 | Degradation of aflatoxins in feeding stuffs - using ammonium salts of aliphatic acids ammonium bicarbonate, urea or a mixt. of these |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2517033A1 true DE2517033A1 (en) | 1976-11-04 |
Family
ID=5944292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752517033 Withdrawn DE2517033A1 (en) | 1975-04-17 | 1975-04-17 | Degradation of aflatoxins in feeding stuffs - using ammonium salts of aliphatic acids ammonium bicarbonate, urea or a mixt. of these |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2517033A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2494089A1 (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-21 | Irho | Elimination of aflatoxin from peanut cake - by heating in the presence of aq. ammonia and ammonium soaps |
| EP0691201A2 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-10 | Bayer Ag | Spray-coated laminats with colour layer |
| DE102007044146A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Thermoplastic with metal identification plate |
| DE102008051409A1 (en) | 2008-10-11 | 2010-04-15 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | security element |
| CN104824493A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-12 | 东北农业大学 | A method for degrading aflatoxin B1 by applying Ulmus yellow mushroom or Lentinus edodes |
-
1975
- 1975-04-17 DE DE19752517033 patent/DE2517033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2494089A1 (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1982-05-21 | Irho | Elimination of aflatoxin from peanut cake - by heating in the presence of aq. ammonia and ammonium soaps |
| EP0691201A2 (en) | 1994-07-08 | 1996-01-10 | Bayer Ag | Spray-coated laminats with colour layer |
| DE102007044146A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Thermoplastic with metal identification plate |
| US9334385B2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2016-05-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Thermoplastic comprising metal identification platelets |
| DE102008051409A1 (en) | 2008-10-11 | 2010-04-15 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | security element |
| CN104824493A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-12 | 东北农业大学 | A method for degrading aflatoxin B1 by applying Ulmus yellow mushroom or Lentinus edodes |
| CN104824493B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-11-14 | 东北农业大学 | One kind is using Pleurotus citrinopileatus or mushroom to aflatoxin B1The method of degraded |
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