DE2432893A1 - Method and apparatus for drive of heat pumping unit - has two heat exchange fluid streams pumped over heat exchanger/condenser for max. heat exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to drive a heat pumping unit in which a fluid heat transport medium is used, has the heat exchanger or condenser of the heat pump assembly sprayed by a fluid heat exchange medium directly such that the fluid circulates in two separate circuits one of which removes heat at the input side from the gaseous heat pump medium about to be condensed, the other of which removes heat from the condensed heat pump fluid on its output from the condenser. Detail of the system containing the heat exchanger or condenser inside a housing through which the heat extracting fluids are pumped are described.

Description

DR. INQ. HANS LICHTI DIPL.-INQ. HEINER LICHTI

PATENT LAWYERS

75 KARLSRUHE-DURLACH ■ QROTZINQER STRASSE 61

TELEPHONE (0721) 41124 New address: D-7500 Karlsruhe 41 (Grötzingen) · Durlacher Strasse 31 (high-rise) · Telephone (0721) 48511 |

July 5, 1974 2923/74

Robert Lamb, 7503 Neureut, Lindenweg 13

Method for operating a heat pump system and system to carry out the procedure.

The invention relates to a method of operation a heat pump system for heating a liquid Heat transfer medium, in particular of hot water in residential and commercial buildings, and a heat pump system for Implementation of the procedure.

The principle of the heat pump consists essentially in the fact that heat is available in larger quantities from one

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Heat transfer medium removed from low temperature levels, brought to a higher temperature and transferred to another heat transfer medium higher temperature levels is passed on. The far greater part of this comes from this • How heat is transposed to the first heat transfer medium, from which the heat is taken directly, the smaller one Part of the mechanical power of the compressor required for this.

In recent times, heat pump systems are finding more and more Entry into practical use, especially those for heating living spaces and for heating cold water for water heating. It is known that the heating of water by means of heat pumps increases economic conditions can be operated. It succeeds however, generally not to exceed a maximum temperature of 30 to 35 degrees. Such temperatures are for the use of the water in households, e.g. as bath water or for washing dishes, not sufficient, especially since the Usage temperature drops by a few degrees of warmth when in use. An installation of this kind can only be used as a Preliminary stage of the actual hot water preparation. The invention is now set the task of a To propose heat pump system according to their training a special mode of operation allows, which makes it possible, much higher and for average Purposes to achieve sufficient hot water temperatures. According to the invention, this object is achieved by that the heat exchanger or condenser of the heat pump system on the outside with a liquid exchange medium, preferably directly to the one to be heated

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Heat transfer medium, e.g. water, is rinsed in this way in two fluid flows that are circulated independently of one another in the circuit is that the first liquid stream the heat of the peak temperatures on the inlet side of the gaseous, to be liquefied heat pump medium, the second liquid flow absorbs the residual heat on the outlet side of the liquefied medium. Through the made in this way Distribution of the heat output between two independently circulated, separately guided liquid flows the effect is that on the one hand the liquid flow circulated in the upper part of the condenser of the heat pump on relatively high temperature is heated as it is the peak temperatures of the heat pump medium entering the condenser absorbs, while on the other hand the circulated in the lower part of the condenser, relatively cool permanent liquid flow of the heat carrier removes the residual heat from the heat pump medium as completely as possible and thus an optimal utilization of the sensible heat.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that both liquid flows work in a common heat transfer storage medium, preferably the first liquid flow on the inlet side of the heat pump medium in the heat exchanger or condenser in its Outside, the second liquid flow on the outlet side of the heat pump medium from the heat exchanger in its Enters outside and both liquid flows exit from the heat exchanger or condenser approximately in its center. The two liquid flows are therefore entering the heat exchanger or condenser from both ends of the heat exchanger directed against each other, so that in its central area

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- unless a partition is provided - a certain mixing zone is formed. Depending on the circumstances in the This may or may not be desirable for individuals. In general, with strictly separate leadership Both liquid flows, for example if there is a partition in the heat exchanger, a slightly higher limit temperature be possible with somewhat better heat utilization at the same time, but this advantage is a higher one compared to the expenditure on equipment.

A heat pump system suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a system known per se Way essentially from a compressor, a heat exchanger or condenser, a throttle element, an evaporator and a heat transfer tank; In contrast to the usual design, however, it has a heat exchanger or condenser, the flow through which the liquid heat transfer medium flows Mattel vessel via at least one line branched off approximately in the middle and via connected lines at both ends Lines is connected to the heat transfer tank. This design of the jacket vessel of the condenser makes it enables the heat transfer medium to be circulated independently of one another in two liquid flows.

If, as provided according to the invention, both liquid flows to a common heat transfer container, for example a Working pressure accumulator for hot water, this is expediently designed analogously to the jacket vessel of the condenser, in such a way that it has two terminal lines and at least one approximately in on its inlet side for the fresh water and the outlet side for the hot water its center attacking line with the jacket vessel of the

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Heat exchanger or condenser is connected.

Depending on whether a strict or less strict separation of the two liquid flows is desired, in the jacket vessel the condenser can be provided with a partition; in the heat transfer tank could also help prevent the Formation of vortex zones in the border area between the two liquid flows, a partially permeable septum be arranged.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of FIG Drawings in which embodiments of a heat pump system according to the invention are shown. In the drawings each show in a strictly schematic plan:

1 shows a complete heat pump system according to the invention, including the system parts intended for the extraction of heat, for the hot water preparation of a residential building;

Fig. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment of the Heat pump treatment - without the system components used for heat extraction.

The heat pump system shown in Fig. 1 is for Water heating is provided in a residential building, with the extraction of heat using a specially developed for this purpose Special device from the domestic sewage in front of them Discharge into the sewage system. The entire system consists essentially of the actual heat pump part 1, the heat storage system 2 and the heat extraction part 3.

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In detail, the heat pump part 1 consists of a Compressor 10, a throttle element 11, which is expediently designed as a built-in unit on a common base plate installed and provided with the required four connections •, an evaporator 12 and a heat exchanger or Liquefier 13. This (13) in turn consists of a vertically standing long jacket vessel 14, which is approximately in his The middle is penetrated by a partition 14a, and one in this built-in exchange register 15, which is connected via line to the compressor 10 and via line 17 to the throttle element 11 is connected. The throttle device can be an adjustable throttle, e.g. a needle valve, or a fixed one non-adjustable throttle, e.g. a = capillary tube section.

In the present case, the evaporator 12 is an independent heat exchange register, for example a copper pipe coil, which over Lines 18 and on your part with the compressor 10, on the other hand is connected to the throttle element 11.

The heat storage system 2 consists of the hot water storage tank 20, which is connected to the fresh water line (cold water line) via the valve 21. of the house, via valve 22 to the hot water pipe of the house and via the one in front of valves 21 and 22 attacking lines 23 and 24 is connected to the two ends of the jacket vessel 14. Furthermore, he is in his Mittelberach via lines 25, 26, each with a liquid circulation pump 27 and 28 are equipped, with the central area of the jacket vessel 14 of the condenser, on both sides the middle partition 14a connected.

The heat extraction part 3, from which the evaporator to be used

Removes heat, is designed according to the economic objective of the invention in a special way. He

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consists essentially of a large fully closed waste water tank 30, which is through a vertical Overflow wall 31 is divided into an antechamber 32 and a main chamber. In the latter there is also the copper pipe coil of the evaporator 12 is a pipe coil through which cold fresh water from the cold water line of the residential building flows on the inside 34 installed, which via a line 35 and valve to the fresh water line opening into the hot water tank 20 behind the shut-off valve 21 is connected. The sewage collection line 37 of the house is attached to the antechamber 32, the drain pipe 38 leading to the sewer system is connected to the main chamber 33.

The entire system works as follows:

The compressor 10 of the heat pump part 1 sucks in the evaporated gaseous heat pump medium from the evaporator 12 built into the container 30 via line 18, brings it to high pressure with a simultaneous increase in temperature and pushes it via line 16 into the exchange register 15 of the heat exchanger 14, in which it gives off its sensible heat to the ^ jacket vessel 14 flowing through cool water, whereby it is cooled to approximately its temperature and liquefied under the prevailing pressure. The liquefied heat pump medium occurs From below from the condenser 14, via the line 17 into the throttle element 11, in which pressure relief takes place, and then via the line 19 into the evaporator 12. As a result of the pressure relief and the heating in the evaporator, which is surrounded by warm water, the medium evaporates, absorbing the heat required for evaporation and heating from the surroundings, which it then releases again after compression in the heat exchanger 14.

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The jacket vessel 14 is divided by a partition 14a into two separate liquid spaces, whose upper over lines 23, 25 and pump 27 with the upper part of the hot water tank 20, the lower space over Lines 24, 26 and pump 28 are in fluid communication with the lower part of the hot water tank 20. By the pumps 27, 28 are pumped around two liquid flows independently of each other in the circuit, which in the jacket vessel of the The condenser are separated from one another by the partition 14a, while a mixing zone is located in the hot water tank 20 can train. By dividing the heat output into two independently circulated, separately guided liquid flows causes the liquid flow circulated in the upper part of the hot water tank 20 on the one hand relatively high temperature is heated, since it is the peak temperatures of the heat pump medium entering the condenser 13 absorbs, on the other hand, the relatively cool liquid flow circulated in the lower part of the perceptible residual

of

fully absorbs heat from the heat medium emerging from the condenser. This means that there is very good heat utilization while reaching relatively high final temperatures of the warm water

In the system shown in Fig. 1 described, the heat is taken from the collected sewage of the residential building, the enter the antechamber 32 of the waste water container 30 via the waste water collecting line 37 and via the overflow wall 31 in the main chamber 33 invade, where they also get their sensible heat via the pipe coil 34 to fresh water and their Dissipate residual heat to the built-in evaporator of the heat pump system.

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The somewhat simpler embodiment shown in Fig. 2 differs from the one described above only in that that the jacket vessel 14 of the condenser is designed without a partition and only a common central return line 25 and a circulation pump 27 for both liquid flows is provided from the jacket vessel 14 of the condenser to the hot water tank. As a result, the two are Liquid flows are not strictly separated from each other and it can not only be in the hot water tank 20, but also in the The jacket vessel of the liquefier creates a mixing zone or, in general, mixing occurs. The one to be expected as a result However, the reduction in the peak temperatures that can be achieved and the heat utilization should be slight.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, devices for the automatic control or regulation of the system are also provided, namely a temperature sensor 40 built into the line 17 leading from the exchange register 15 to the throttle element 11, the one thermal valve 41 in the line 24 between the lower outlet of the Martel vessel 14 and the lower inlet into the Hot water tank 20 controls as a function of the outlet temperature of the heat pump medium, as well as a temperature sensor 42 at the lower water inlet into the hot water storage tank 20, which, when a preselected limit temperature is exceeded, e.g. due to insufficient hot water withdrawal, the heat pump stops.

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Claims (5)

- 10 - 2923/74 P aten tan spray ehe (JLy procedure for operating a heat pump system for the Heating of a liquid heat carrier, in particular hot water in residential and business buildings, thereby characterized in that the heat exchanger or condenser of the heat pump system on the outside with a uniform liquid exchange medium, preferably directly to the heat transfer medium to be heated, in two independently Liquids circulated from one another in the circuit flow in such a way that the first liquid flow is flushed the heat of the peak temperatures on the inlet side of the gaseous heat pump medium to be liquefied, the second liquid flow absorbs the residual heat on the outlet side of the liquefied medium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that both Liquid currents work in a common heat transfer storage medium, with the first liquid flow preferably starting the inlet side of the heat pump medium in the heat exchanger or condenser in its outside, the second Liquid flow on the discharge side of the heat pump medium from the heat exchanger enters its outside and both liquid flows from the heat exchanger or condenser emerge approximately in the middle. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that both liquid flows in the heat exchanger are performed without a partition, so that a mixing zone is formed between them. Ls / br - 11 - 509885/0569 - 11 - 2923/74 4. Heat pump system, consisting essentially of a compressor, a heat exchanger or condenser, a throttle element, an evaporator and container
a heat transfer medium / for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a heat exchanger or condenser (13), whose jacket vessel (14) through which the liquid heat transfer medium flows via at least one approximately centrally branched line (25) and via lines connected at both ends ( 23, 24) is connected to the heat transfer container (20). 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the formed as a pressure accumulator for hot water Heat transfer tank (20) at one end with the cold water line, at the other end with the hot water line of the building is in a constantly open connection and in a training analogous to the heat exchanger (14) this via two terminal lines (23, 24) and at least one line (25) engaging approximately in its center connected is. L s / br 509885/0569