DE2419031A1 - Liq. ion exchange treatment appts - with automatic regeneration when resin contracts on exhaustion - Google Patents

Abstract

Appts is partic. intended for the softening and demineralisation of water and for the removal of undesirable colour or odour. It comprises brine reservoirs, a water treatment tank with the inlet for the untreated water and an outlet for the purified water, a treatment cartridge inside the body and a movable support for this cartridge, mounted on springs. The cartridge contains the ion exchange resins which contract as they become exhausted; the cartridge contracts in length and the relaxation in press. on the supporting plate starts the regeneration process. After a rinse, the resin again comes into operation and the flow of water to be treated is resumed. The regeneration is started simply by liq. press. and does not depend upon electrical or mechanical means.

Description

Description Process for the preparation of liquids and device for carrying out the method The invention relates to a method for processing of liquids and a device for performing the method, for example a device for softening, desalting, odor and / or taste removal and / or decolorization of water, other liquids or the like.

From an important field of application of the invention, namely water softening, it is known that household water softeners tend to be intermittent be used as a constant flow of water, i.e. that water during a certain Time span, for example, for filling a washing machine or dishwasher or the like. is required, or for cooking or drinking purposes or the like. periodically the processing plant is passed through. The operation of taps during intermittent periods of different lengths is therefore normal. Commercially available Household water softeners or low power water softeners for industrial purposes can generally be divided into two categories. To the first belong those in which the entire softener unit is removed at periodic intervals and is replaced by a new unit whose active material is outside the home or was regenerated at a different location than the one in which it was installed. In this case it will the unit is replaced at fixed intervals depending on the degree of use may or may not correspond to unity, and it is therefore common for the Substitutions made at regular intervals according to a set schedule too early or too late to satisfy the user as much as possible and to be able to achieve the greatest possible profitability.

The second category includes those water softeners where the User himself the regeneration of the exhausted active material according to a predetermined one Procedure.

In practice this happens so that after being in the water an increased Hardness has been determined, which can be seen, for example, in the soap suds or the like. can be seen, the water consumption temporarily stopped or the water treatment device is bypassed while the treatment unit is backwashed with salt water and then is rinsed. In most cases, the ion exchange material is then again converted into its sodium form. Then the user takes the reprocessing device by connecting to the house connection line again in operation until the treatment capacity of the ion exchange material is again exhausted, and so on. For regeneration and rinsing is required for an hour or more in most cases.

In connection with devices of the type just described, one is closed came to the conclusion that it would be useful if the device regenerated in the house but with the regeneration process running automatically.

Systems like these have been designed and manufactured on an industrial scale. Typically, the regeneration cycle for such devices is through a Zeitwerk or a similar device triggered with a fixed time interval. Other Water softening devices have relatively complex electromechanical structures or similar hardness sensors that indicate when regeneration is necessary, which, however, are structurally complex and expensive and in some cases with prolonged use are sensitive and unreliable. Other devices have been proposed in which the indication of the approximate time at which a regeneration was carried out should be controlled by taking the dimensions of a sample or Control bed or filter scans with loose ion exchange material.

However, since in such a device the dimensions of a control filter instead of the whole liquid s-treatment filter are sampled as a whole and the flow conditions in the sample part and in the treatment part of the device as follows These devices are as good as never exactly correspond to one another with regard to exact use depends on the assumption that these conditions are mutually exclusive match exactly, an assumption that is erroneous in most cases. This is true especially because the flow through filters with loose treatment material something is random, and because such filters have a tendency to change over time over time to condense and clog. Also must with loose or loose-layer filters necessarily used liquid treatment aggregates with larger particle size are, therefore, due to their effective surface area per given volume unit a reduced exchange rate per such volume unit. From this reduced exchange performance result for achieving a desired Degree of softening as well as lower flow rates through the water softener as well as a correspondingly slower regeneration rate for the ion exchange resin.

Also use systems where the dimensions of the in a Loose layer arranged sample material are scanned, usually also intermediate Devices such as electromechanical switches, relays, etc. to operate the Valves in the work steps necessary for regeneration. These plants can therefore structurally complex and could prove to be unreliable in operation. In those as well as in other systems in which the contaminated ion exchange material cannot be easily replaced, the cost of replacing the Ion exchange material represent a major disadvantage.

Systems with more or less directly operated controls usually do not work with inserts or cartridges, especially not with Cartridges with fine-grain material. Their duty cycles are such that with decreased Capacity gradually decreased flow and finally complete cessation of the Adjust the flow.

Other liquid treatment systems, such as water treatment systems, as well as those who separate or clean different materials or substances, including proteins, in sugar processing, for separating or purifying of metals or metal compounds and organic substances etc. are used, also use treatment materials such as anion and cation exchange resins, who react to changes in their treatment capacity through dimensional changes.

These processing systems also have one or more of the aforementioned Disadvantages on.

The invention is based on the object of a simple means Practical and effective device for the treatment of liquids in use to create, which does not adhere to the aforementioned disadvantages and which the posed Requirements met in a particularly reliable manner.

Furthermore, it is the object of the invention to provide a method for processing of liquids to create that with the inventive device improved can be carried out particularly advantageously.

The object of the invention is with a liquid treatment device solved that an insert or a Cartridge uses the control data to automatically trigger a regeneration cycle and then return to a normal cycle of operation.

In an advantageous embodiment, the device has according to the invention a liquid treatment tank for receiving a first liquid on an inlet and an outlet and a liquid treatment device arranged in the tank, with the current state of the Device allows a desired treatment to be carried out on the first liquid, wherein the liquid treatment device has at least one liquid treatment cartridge has which, if necessary, during the flow state corresponding to normal operation the desired treatment of the first liquid allows and changes reacts in their treatment capacity by changing dimensions, and the Inlet and the outlet with the liquid.

Treatment cartridge connected to the flow of the first liquid To pass through the cartridge, a device continues to be used by scanning the dimensions of the treatment cartridge, their usable treatment capacity immediately can also determine a device that depends on the scanning device controls the flow of the first liquid to the inlet, further by means of a device, depending on the scanning device in one of the regeneration operation corresponding flow state of the device of the cartridge alternately a regeneration liquid to revitalize their treatment capacity, with a tank for regeneration liquid, with one the connection between this and the Fluid treatment cartridge producing device, and with a valve arrangement, which during the regeneration operation corresponding flow condition, the transport of the regeneration liquid the corresponding storage tank through the connecting device and then through allows the treatment cartridge through.

According to the invention, the liquid treatment device contains a plurality of active aggregate particles or closely packed particles contained in one Insert or a cartridge are held together by a matrix that is so elastic or is flexible that dimensional changes between states of these closely packed Treatment particles are changed by a corresponding change in the dimensions of the cartridge to express.

In an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention is a liquid to be treated through a body at a short distance closely packed particles which are arranged from one another and which treat the liquid can be passed through, whose surfaces are exposed and which are held together by a matrix that is so elastic or flexible that dimensional changes between states of these closely packed treatment particles through a corresponding change in dimension express the body.

Another feature of the device according to the invention is that the active, closely packed treatment particles in a rigid, semi-rigid or self-supporting cartridge included between a state in which she is fully regenerated and in normal use, and one exhausted Condition is subject to noticeable dimensional changes.

Another feature of the invention is that a given Dimension of a liquid treatment cartridge, for example an extension in the axial direction, can be scanned and used to trigger a valve duty cycle, during which a lot of regeneration material or the like. and a flushing material for Regeneration of the cartridge capacity can be conducted through the device.

The liquid treatment device of the invention is like this designed that dimensional changes of the cartridge not during the time in active liquid flows through it, but rather during a state of rest of the device are scanned so that the regeneration does not take place during operation.

The device is used to regenerate the cartridge capacity unchangeable amount of regeneration material, e.g. saline solution or the like., fed. The supply of such regeneration material is used during normal Operation of the device is automatically refilled and is available for a later Consumption available when handling the cartridge.

A device according to the invention is further characterized from that the flow through the treatment device is fully maintained at all times remains and does not decrease with the exhaustion of the capacity of the replacement material will.

A particularly advantageous feature of the liquid treatment device according to the invention is that the working cycle only with the help of the liquid is controlled, i.e. the duty cycle of the flow control valve assembly is not triggered by electrical, mechanical or similar forces, but solely by the pressure and flow of the liquid during operation.

The pressures and forces generated inside the device serve to to maintain the device in a given operating condition. Dimensional changes of the cartridge, which cause a switch to the regeneration cycle not scanned until the flow of liquid through the device is interrupted has been.

From a cartridge that has various dimensional states in operation is subject, at least one dimension is scanned and this information is used to both a regeneration cycle via intermediate devices as well as initiate a brief fluid bypass cycle.

Another feature of a liquid treatment device according to the invention is that in order to achieve a high exchange rate a cartridge is used with very fine-grained material.

The cartridge is designed so that the closely packed particles in are bound in a way that by their repeated expansion and contraction neither its integrity nor the cohesion of the cartridge is damaged.

In the case of a liquid treatment device equipped with a cartridge according to the invention it is not possible that if the cartridge is during regeneration is taken out of the liquid stream, liquid to be treated unintentionally is passed through the treatment cartridge before its regeneration is not completed is.

The cartridge having the scanned dimension can be without influence remove and replace the other components of the device.

The correct starting position can be achieved with an adjusting device a replacement cartridge, regardless of discrepancies in cartridge size due to normal manufacturing tolerances.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the device has a Liquid treatment cartridge in which a resin or other active treatment material when transitioning from a fully regenerated but not rinsed state to a fully regenerated and rinsed state plus a dimensional change subject.

This dimensional change can be with the help of a device for Use to initiate and terminate a cartridge purge cycle.

In the device according to the invention can be saline or another dense treatment liquid from the part of the device in which it is after the initial regeneration of the cartridge's treatment capacity may have been lead away.

An important feature of the invention is that for circulation of the regeneration and rinsing fluids through the device only in the flowing Liquid forces can be used.

Of the features and advantages listed above are at least some can be realized in a device for treating or softening water.

The solution to the problem posed by the invention has to do with a method where control data is used, a regeneration cycle and subsequently to trigger the switchover to a normal working cycle automatically.

In particular, a method for processing a liquid is distinguished according to the invention in that the Liquid through a cartridge that is directed to a change in their treatment capacity through a change in dimension reacts and a first liquid that you can use during normal operation corresponding flow state is fed in the device, a desired Treatment capable of making the dimensions of this cartridge at least periodically sampled during the time the cartridge's treatment capacity is being exhausted become that after a dimensional change of the cartridge of a predetermined amount It was determined that the first liquid to be treated was flowed through the cartridge that the cartridge is interrupted to restore its treatment capacity is treated with a regeneration liquid, and that thereafter the first liquid passed through the treatment cartridge again for treatment will.

The treatment or preparation of a liquid is carried out with a Treatment cartridge based on its usable treatment capacity of time responds with a change in dimension at time. During the time in the liquid for treatment overflows the cartridge, the cartridge is allowed to have its dimensions changes. The change in dimension is sampled at the end of each treatment cycle.

A cartridge that has exhausted its treatment capacity is regenerated, as soon as it reaches a predetermined dimension, its remaining treatment capacity indicates.

A method according to the invention for processing a liquid is further characterized in that a liquid to be treated by a Treatment cartridge is passed through to reduced treatment capacity Dimensional changes reacts to that in the liquid flow through the device Existing forces are used to keep the device in an operating state of fluid treatment to keep these forces during the time in which no liquid flows, be lifted, that during this Time the changed dimension of the cartridge is scanned, and that after finding a predetermined cartridge dimension triggered a cartridge regeneration cycle will.

Another solution to the problem of the invention consists in a method for processing a processing device intermittently flowing through Liquid in which the dimensions of a dimensionally variable treatment cartridge can only be sampled during a no-flow part of the cycle, with pressure-sensitive Devices for dimensional sensing of fluid flow through the cartridge is prevented, and static conditions in both the device and the cartridge Immediate liquid flow during regeneration can be used to prevent unintentional Switching the duty cycle both during treatment and during To prevent regeneration operation of the device.

The solution to the problem of the invention still has to be a device out, in which the flow of the liquid to be treated through two or can conduct more series-connected filter elements.

In an advantageous embodiment, the device has a device that can accommodate two or more cartridges or filter elements from each of which has a different constituent or a able to take away other constituent groups.

A distinctive feature of one with a variety of cartridges or Liquid treatment device equipped with filter elements consists of means for sensing or detecting a dimensional change in all or in fewer than all cartridges or filter elements.

One by changing the size of the closely packed or aggregate particles caused dimensional changes in the filter element or in the cartridge can be added be exploited, mechanical cleaning and resuscitation at the same time the capacity to bring about.

In a further embodiment according to the invention contains at least a tightly packed or aggregate filter element that is sufficiently finely divided is to allow treatment speeds high enough to handle materials to excrete that previously under similar conditions from a liquid stream were simply not removable.

By easily changing the cartridge or the filter element in the liquid treatment device of the invention is over conventional trained devices a significant cost savings can be achieved.

From the foregoing it can be seen that the invention is a processing device creates, in which the circulation of a regeneration liquid for the treatment cartridge is done with control by valves that depend on a dimensional change can be actuated in the liquid treatment cartridge, this diemnsion change occurs when the handling capacity of the cartridge is exhausted and during one Period of time is scanned in which the cartridge does not flow through by liquid is. According to the method according to the invention for processing a liquid the fluid passed intermittently through a treatment cartridge, an altered one Dimension in the cartridge is sampled during a period of time in which none If flow takes place through the cartridge, the handling capacity of the cartridge becomes by reviving them in response to a change in dimension of a brings it into contact with a regeneration liquid to a predetermined extent, and, if during the Regeneration flow in the device is required, the water flow is bypassing the cartridge.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to several schematic drawings Embodiments explained with further details. In the drawing shows: Fig. 1 - a vertical section through a liquid treatment device according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, through the valve assembly of the liquid treatment device shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, through part of Dimension scanning device and components associated with it in FIG. 1 shown device, Fig. 4 is a horizontal section along the line 4-4 in Fig. 3, with some parts broken away, Fig. 5 is a vertical section by a modified embodiment of the liquid treatment device according to the invention, Fig. 6 is a simplified flow diagram of the liquid treatment devices according to the invention, Fig. 7 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, through a valve used in the device according to the invention, Figs. 8 to 10 are sectional views various cartridge receptacles, 11 is a perspective View of an embodiment of a cartridge receiving device, FIG. 12 a sectional view a part of another embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 13 is a sectional view of part of a further embodiment of FIG Liquid treatment device.

Before going into the details of the drawing, let me give you a brief summary Explanation of the names used below, some preferred materials and materials as well as some advantages of special training forms of components and materials.

In a general form of water treatment, namely water softening, in which in most cases "hardness" is removed from the water by Ions that are undesired by chemical processes, such as calcium, magnesium, barium and the like from the water usually becomes a bed or filter of ion exchange material used, which takes up a number of Oalciumionen and behind in the direction of flow the ion exchanger releases an equivalent number of sodium ions to the water. After a certain amount of cumulative hardness has been removed from the water, the capacity of the ion exchange material is exhausted. The ion exchange material is revived by backwashing with saline and rinsing with water.

The treatment cycle can then be repeated. At the time, During which the regeneration takes place, either the water supply is complete interrupted, or the water flow bypasses the ion exchanger, so that during this Length of time hard water is needed. The preparation or treatment of the Filters used for water can be the form of training with loose or loose material layer that of a self-supporting body, e.g.

one cartridge o * igL. The particle size of the aggregate can vary considerably, with the general rule that the smaller the Particle size, the faster the ion exchange process. It is also true in general to that the loose or loose layer filters with smaller particle size due to their # deposition tendency and also because there is a possibility that in the Particle interstices It is easier to fix particles as a result of physical action clog.

In general, those used in the device of the invention Cartridges a binding agent made of Yatrix material, which is sufficiently elastic, to translate a dimensional change in the bound tightly packed or aggregate particles in a corresponding and generally repeatable dimensional change in the cartridge to allow. Also, the aggregate particles are preferably in one Tied together so that substantially all of their surface is exposed and can be brought into contact with the liquids to be treated by them The cartridge used in the device according to the invention is preferably after made from an older proposal and is characterized by an activity which is essentially the same as the activity of a free or loose bed or Layer of particles of the same size with little space between them and over which there is a relatively small pressure drop. Such cartridges despite their small aggregate are able to produce self-supporting, Yes, even to develop semi-rigid or rigid characteristics.

The invention is therefore advantageously implemented in a device in which such a cartridge can be used, in most cases a cartridge with an aggregate particle size of 50. 100 mesh (corresponding to a clear mesh size of about 0.297. 0.074mm, U.S. standard sieve set accepted) or below.

The term 'cartridge' is intended here to mean only the element .., which is formed by the aggregate material and the binding agent. From others Authors often use the term "element" in this context. For the purposes of the invention, these terms are considered to be synonymous.

While larger particle sizes can be used, there is a major advantage the use of very small mesh ion exchange resin in that of its Regeneration time is so short that in normal operation, for example in operation a household water softener, there is a very small chance that Significant, if any, water is used while the valves are running are switched in such a way that water required during regeneration is passed through the bypass line is directed. Since the dimension tending to change is not scanned in continuous operation the regeneration cycle can therefore only start when the water is shut off is. With regeneration times usually on the order of less than one Minute, and in most cases certainly not more than three to five minutes, It is therefore very unlikely that the unit will move when the need arises would just be in the regeneration state. However, given this arises the extremely rapid regeneration that can be achieved with fine-meshed systems that during of the regeneration cycle, raw water tapped via the bypass line during a so short a period of time that this is not a problem in practice.

For example, one of a normal size family would turn into a Area with medium water hardness uses the device according to the invention in most cases Cases can be regenerated between one and three times a day.

Though it is evident that, as will be explained in more detail at a later point explains how to handle different liquids and use different cartridges etc., the specific description of the device is limited according to the invention to an embodiment in which an ion exchange resin the The main element of the treatment cartridge represents in the water through ion exchange is softened and in which to regenerate the ion exchanger saline solution is used. Such a device preferably also has a treatment tank on, in which the cartridge is arranged, as well as devices for supply and discharge the water in or out of the tank and to bypass the tank. Preferably one is Device for backwashing the cartridge with valves and connections between one Intermediate tank for saline solution and the treatment tank available, as well as one Storage tank for saline solution, from which the saline solution intermediate tank is periodically used is refillable. In one embodiment, the flow control happens through mechanical or electromechanical valve actuation, while with another Form of training the valve control hydraulically and only as a function of the different states takes place, the certain parts or aggregates of the device take in operation.

Such a construction is sometimes used here as a fluidic device designated.

In the description of the operation of the device is occasionally referred to a treatment operation or a treatment phase during which the water is passed through the cartridge, or to a standby mode or Rest phase during which the water does not pass through the cartridge flows, but is in static contact with it, then on a regeneration phase, in which the cartridge is backwashed with regeneration material and which has a rinse cycle includes, as well as finally, a bypass operation or bypass phase while which bypasses the water of the treatment cartridge as it is regenerated and inoperable is. Bypass only occurs if water is tapped during regeneration it is neither a workflow-related phase nor a prerequisite for the operation of the device and is only used if necessary during to allow water to be drawn off for regeneration without interrupting the cycle.

The invention is now shown in FIG. 1 with the exemplary embodiment of a liquid treatment device 20 shown as it is usually used to soften water.

It has a saline solution storage tank 22, an intermediate tank 24 for receiving a measured amount of saline solution from the storage tank 22, and a water treatment arrangement 26, to which a feed pipe 28 for raw water, a drain pipe 30 for treated water, a valve unit 32 for controlling the Liquid flow through certain parts of the device, as well as a water treatment tank assembly 34 belong. The tank assembly 34 has an upper part 36, a lower part 38 and a Tank unit 40 on.

Inside the tank 40 is a treatment cartridge unit 42 in FIG Positioned their composition and manufacture in the aforementioned older proposal is described.

The cartridge unit 42 has an upper closure cap or lid 44, a lower cap or bottom 46 and two inwardly extending, annular receiving flanges 48 and 50. In this example, a facility is which engages part of the cartridge unit 42 and scans one of its dimensions, in the form of an adjustable lower Support plate assembly 52 provided that an O-ring seal 54 or the like on its outer circumference. and on her Has a cartridge holding and sealing flange 56 with sealing lips 57 on the inner circumference. The support plate 52 is resiliently biased by springs 58 which are attached to a support the fixed bottom 60 of the tank 40. The bottom 60 serves to hold an in Flow direction lower reference pressure intermediate chamber 62 inside the treatment tank unit 40 to separate from a back pressure chamber 64, to which in the further course of the description will be discussed in more detail.

The upper part of the cartridge unit 42 is inside the tank 40 of FIG a downwardly directed flange 66 with sealing lips 68 is fixed. An inner surface of the cartridge 42 forms an axially directed hollow core 70. An outer surface 72 of a Cartridge housing 74 is spaced from an inner wall 76 of the tank 40 and limited between itself and this an annular water inlet area 78, which with a Water inlet channel 80 in the tank top 36 is in communication.

Due to the arrangement of the components just described, the water flow is through the housing or body 74 of the cartridge assembly 42 substantially radially directed inwards, since water coming from the inlet channel 80 comes from the inlet area 78 flows inwards to the hollow core 70 and out of an outlet channel 82. The sealing lips 57 and 68 prevent the water from bypassing the filter at the top and bottom, while the O-ring 54 flows along water from the inlet area 78 of the tank 40 the walls 76 and into the reference pressure intermediate chamber 62 prevented.

The dimensional scanning device to which the support plate assembly 52, as can be seen from the illustration in FIGS. 3 and 4, likewise a threaded shaft receiving bore 84 in a central nut part 86, the on a plurality of outwardly extending arms forming a star 90 88 is attached. Passages 92 provided between these allow liquid flow from the Hollow core 70 into the reference pressure intermediate chamber 62. A threaded end piece 94 of a shaft 96 is received in the nut 86, the one reduced in diameter, tapered portion 98 and one enlarged Has valve closure member 100. One arranged in the base 60 in a recess 104 O-ring 102 fits snugly against a portion of shaft 96. The shaft 96 carries on his lower end an adjustment knob 106, the purposes explained in more detail below serves. An axial movement of the shaft 96 allowing the stuffing box 108 is in one Part of a drain pipe 110 is arranged, the flow of which with a drain or drain valve 112 is controllable.

Although the mode of operation of these components will be described in detail is, it should be pointed out here briefly that with expansion and contraction of the Cartridge the support plate 52 under the influence of the springs 58 perpendicular in one direction is adjustable. Their adjustment in the other direction against the compression force the springs takes place due to a pressure difference across the support plate 52, the it follows that the yA differential pressure intermediate chamber, which is filled with liquid 62 is only connected to the drain side of the cartridge 42 and therefore with the Holding pressure is only applied to its underside, while liquid is in front of the Cartridge, in the inlet area 78, while liquid flow with the pre-pressure on the top of the support plate 52 acts. If there is no liquid flow, then there is no pressure difference. As explained below, this is an important one Feature of this special embodiment according to the invention.

Once the reduced diameter portion 98 of the shaft 96 through passes through the O-ring 102, liquid can penetrate through the recess 104, and as soon as the valve closure member 100 releases a recess 114 in a base 166, can liquid in the back pressure chamber 64 via the drain pipe 110, the drain valve 112 into a drain line 118 stream. Similarly, will by extreme upward movement of the support plate 52, the O-ring 54 is aligned with the Groove 113 brought in the wall 76, with liquid from the inlet area 78 in the Reference pressure intermediate chamber 62 can flow.

As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the valve unit has a number of components, namely one with the tube 28 in connection Water inlet channel 120 and an outlet channel 122 connected to pipe 30.

A bypass channel extending between the two channels 120 and 122 124 is typically from a water flow control or main actuation valve 128 locked, the closure member 126 on one of the opening or the bypass channel 124 forming seat 130 is applied. A seat 132 for a top 134 of the valve closure member 126 forms a channel 136 through which the water softener is in normal operation untreated or raw water flows from channel 120 into inlet channel 80. That Valve assembly 32 also has two valve seats 138 and 140 for receiving one each Diaphragm valve 142 or 144, one of which via a pipe 148 with the fresh water channel 146 connected to the saline intermediate tank 24, the other normally closes off a drainage channel 150 which is connected to a drainage pipe 152 is. Fluid-receiving pressure chambers connected to one another by a channel 158 154 and 156 illustrate a device which, when pressurized standing liquid the diaphragm valves 142 and 144 in a normally closed Push operating state. The pressure chambers 154 and 156 are operational via a Channel 162 to a back pressure line 160 and via a channel 164 to the inlet channel 120 connected. The underside of the diaphragm valve 142 is via a junction 166 'of the channel 164 from the pressure of the water flowing in during normal operation or the hot water flowing in. On the underside of the diaphragm valve 144 liquid forces are active in channel 168, which is connected to a Chamber 170 communicates via a disc 171 which is part of the main control valve 128 forms and is freely displaceable in the chamber 170. With the diaphragm valve closed 144 there are essentially equal pressures above and below the disk 171.

It can also be seen that in the chambers 154 and 156 an additional Channel 172 leads so that the pressures in inlet channel 120, in the one in diameter reduced stub or connecting line 173 leads, and in the inlet channel 80 from # the reasons explained in more detail below are essentially balanced.

In particular from Fig. 1 it can be seen that the intermediate tank 24 in addition to a tube extending between it and an opening 175 in channel 82 174 an outlet port 176 with a check valve 178, for example one Duck bill-shaped check valve or the like., As well as two similar check valve arrangements 180 and 182. The cyst check valve assembly 182 includes a Seat 184 forming opening 186, a ball 188 and a ball in an open position urging spring 190.

The second check valve assembly 180 is constructed similarly and includes a seat 192, a ball 194, and a spring 196. Inside the intermediate tank The positive pressure prevailing 24 thus pushes the liquid contained therein outside, through the valve 178 into the pipe 174 and into the outlet opening 175, which is in communication with the outlet channel 82 of the treatment tank assembly 34.

This same pressure also forces both balls 188 and 194 into theirs respective closed positions, so that fresh water flowing through the pipe 148 not the saline solution in the intermediate tank 24 through the valves 180 and 182 into the Storage tank 22 displaced.

In the saline solution storage tank 22 there is a salt supply on a grate 204 202 arranged. The water level in the storage tank 22 is normally above that Grate on a line that is level with an opening 206 in a drain line 208 lies. In this way, water in the storage tank 22 is in contact with salt, see above that in the interior of the storage tank 22 a saturated solution is always formed.

Reference is now made to the valve unit and its part, which is located near the saline inlet port 175 (Figures 1 and 2). A valve seat 210 forms an opening 212 which is closed when a ball check valve 214 is urged by a spring 216 to rest on the seat.

For a more detailed description of how the unit works it should be noted that during normal or intermittent operation, raw water flows in from the pipe 28, flows through the cartridge unit 42 and via the line 30 goes off. During the resting phase, the water in the unit stands still. After this the treatment capacity of the cartridge is exhausted, the cartridge capacity in the above-mentioned regeneration operation are whispered. In the following Description of the operation of the device are provided to simplify the description made certain assumptions, which are explained in more detail below. Let us now assume that an outside water tap (not shown) is connected to the outlet pipe 30 is, and further that flows through this water, wherein the components of the device assume the positions shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

The mode of operation of the device is under these conditions to be described as follows: Water flowing in via pipe 28 is passed through the channel 120, around the stem of valve 128 and through channel 80 into that of the filter body 74 radially outwardly located inlet region 78 and then through the body 74 of the Cartridge unit 42 forced.

The flow through body 74 gets a little; However significant Pressure loss and leads to different on the two sides of the support plate 52 To press. The water then passes from the interior or hollow core 70 of the cartridge unit 42 into outlet channel 82 and flows through opening 212 into channel 122 and goes via the pipe 30. Water flow through port 212 at operating or ambient pressure is sufficient to depress the relatively weak spring 216, whereby the Ball 214 is moved away from its seat 210. The lip seals 57 and 68 prevent that water at the flanges 48 and 50 of the lid 44 and the bottom 46, respectively, the cartridge bypasses and flows into the central hollow core 70 of the cartridge unit 42. Although the central channel 70 is filled with water, and though through the spaces 92 in star 88 water to fill the reference pressure intermediate chamber 62 flow through it can, the pressure in the intermediate chamber 62 is due to the pressure drop above the Filter always lower than the pressure in channel 80 and in inlet area 78. As soon as therefore at any point in time water flows through the device, the higher urges Pressure at the top of the sealed with the O-ring 54 against the intermediate chamber 62 Support plate 52 the springs 58 down slightly.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 3. Since the shaft 96 with the support plate 52 is firmly connected, the valve closure member 100 remains as soon as the support plate 52 is forced downwards during operation under the effect of a pressure difference, in or near the position shown in Fig. 1 and 3, in which there is the possibility of connection interrupts between the back pressure chamber 64 and the drain pipe 118. During the Time left for water to flow through the cartridge is left to the rest of the system sealed against liquid, since although there is a given, pressurized volume of water is available, this water from it via a Line 162 cannot escape because the valve closure member 100 closes the opening to chamber 64 closes. There the surface exposed to water pressure on the upper sides of the diaphragm valves 142 and 144 is larger than that acted upon by the water Surface at their bottom, these valves remain closed, leaving water also not from this area via a drain line 152 or into the intermediate tank 24 can escape.

As soon as a tap connected to the pipe 30 or the like.

is closed, the device responds in the manner described below Way. The ball 214 is urged into a closed position by spring pressure and blocks passage 212.

The valve 128 remains in the lower position due to its weight, static pressure blocks diaphragm valves 142 and 144, and pressure in the outlet port 82 prevents saline solution from flowing through opening 175. During the rest or scanning mode in which neither treatment nor regeneration takes place, however, apply to the cartridge unit 42 and those operatively connected to it Deile other conditions. Before going into this, however, let it be brief the behavior of the cartridge unit is shown.

One produced in the manner mentioned and designed in accordance with FIG. 1 The cartridge is made from the so-called strongly acidic cation exchange resins consists, for example, of one of the commercially available replacement resins from the manufacturer Dow Chemical Co. such as "Dowex" HCR, HGR, HDR, Röhm and Haas Co. such as ~ Amberlite " IR-120, IR-122, IR-124, etc., Ionac Chemical Company, such as "Ionac" C-240, C-250, C-255, or other manufacturers of known ion exchange materials, and complete in the sodium form, is characterized by a given axial dimension.

These resins are sulfonated polymers of styrene and divinylbenzene. In general, these resins shrink on the transition from hydrogen to sodium and the calcium-magnesium form. Is therefore the ion exchange capacity of these resins for example by changing their sodium ions against calcium ions exhausted, the cartridge unit 42 experiences a gradual shortening in the axial direction Direction until their entire ion exchange capacity is essentially exhausted.

When treated with a saline regeneration solution, the axial Dimension even smaller. It is believed that this fact is one by the treatment with the salt water regeneration solution caused dehydration is attributable to the ion exchange resin. After removing the excess saline solution After rinsing the cartridge with water, the cartridge expands to its original size which is equal to the largest dimension assumed by it in operation, i.e. a larger dimension than they are in a state of exhaustion or in a state of complete Has soaking with and in the presence of strong saline solution.

However, the invention is not limited to any particular ion exchange resin or fluid treatment material other than those specified in Use to achieve the desired treatment or preparation of a liquid or water undergoes a dimensional change according to the degree of its depletion. For example, other suitable ion exchange resins used in cartridges, as used in the liquid treatment devices according to the invention can be used, the so-called strongly basic anion exchange resins, which generally swell on transition from the chloride form to the hydroxide form, i.e. they shrink during ion release and swell during resuscitation. As the most common examples of commercially available strongly basic anion exchange resins may be mentioned: "Dowex" SBR, SBR-P and SAR from Dow Chemical Co., ~ Amberlite "IRA-400, IRA-402, IRA-900 from Röhm and Haas Company, Ionac A-540, A-580, A-641 from Ionac Chemical Company, "Duolite" A101-D, A102-D from Diamond Shamrock Corp., and Permutite S-1, 5-2, S-K from Permutit Company.

Similarly, there are cartridges for use in the device according to the invention with advantage the so-called weakly acidic cation exchange resins can be used, in general when changing from the sodium or hydrogen form swell into the calcium-magnesium form. These resins shrink when transitioning from the sodium or calcium form or magnesium form into the hydrogen form. she also shrink when changing from the sodium to the calcium or magnesium form. When water is desalinated, they swell and shrink during normal operation during the regeneration cycle. When used in the sodium form for water softening they shrink and swell during calcium and / or magnesium excretion when regenerating and rinsing. Common examples of commercially available weak acidic cation exchange resins are "Dowex" CCR-1 from Dow Chemical Co., "Amberlite" IRC-84 from Röhm & Haas Co., "Ionac" C-265 from Ionac Chemical Co., 11Permutit " Q-210 from Permutit Company, and "Duolite" ES-80 from Diamond Shamrock Corp.

Also the so-called weakly basic anion exchange resins are usable in cartridges for use in the devices according to the invention. These Resins generally swell during the desalination operation by being removed from the Hydroxide form change into chloride form and shrink during regeneration. Of the commercially available weakly basic anion exchange resins, the most common ones are Examples mentioned: "Dowex" WGR from Dow Chemical Co., Amberlite IR-45, IR-4B, IRA-68 and IRA-93 from Rohm and Haas Company, "Ionac" A-260, A-300, A-310 and A-320 from Ionac Chemical Company, "Duolite" A2, A4, A6, A7, A3O-B and ES-57 from Diamond Shamrock Corp., and "Deacidite" A, CCG and S-440 from Permutit Company.

Returning again to the representation in Fig. 1, it is assumed that that the user has passed so much water through the device that the ion exchange capacity until is exhausted to a predetermined point, for example to the point where the cartridge is no longer effective or has diminished Brings treatment performance.

It then occurs during any resting phase in the Channels 80 and 82 do not flow water, equalizing the pressures above and below the support plate 52 so that the springs 58 the support plate 52 to rest on the ground 46 can press. Due to the exhausted capacity of the cartridge, the bottom has become 46 according to FIG. 1 adjusted upwards in the axial direction, or with others In words, the reduced overall dimension of the filter in the axial direction has the spacing between the cover 44 and the top of the support plate 52 is reduced in size. Since the Shank 96 is firmly connected to the star 90, which is together with the support plate 52 moves, the valve closure member 100 moves up and gives the connection wipe the interior of the pressure chamber 64 and the drain pipe 118 free.

The water outlet from the pressure chamber 64 lifts the back pressure in the pipe 160 and in channel 162, with the result that feed through channels 172 and 173 Water no longer exists in sufficient quantity to get on the tops of the Diaphragms 142 and 144 generate a pressure. Because the water pressure in the channels 166 'and 168 exert a force on the underside of the diaphragm valves 142 and 144, these valves move to the open position.

When the diaphragm valves are open, branch 166t of the line flows 164 through-flowing water through the channel 146 into the intermediate tank 24. The im Intermediate tank 24 increasing pressure is used to close both ball check valves 180 and 182 and pushes the contents of the intermediate tank 24 through the duck-bill-shaped one Check valve 178, line 174 and port 175 and via channel 82 further into the hollow core 70 of the cartridge 42. Since during this time above the disc 171 lying water through opening 168 and the open valve 144 flows into the drain line 152, the main control valve 128 becomes a whole switched by liquid flow in an upper position in which the top 134 of the head 126 rests against the seat 132, whereby the channel or passage 124 for Water flow from channel 120 is opened. This way the water can bypass the cartridge located in tank 34. At this point the spring is pushing 216 the ball 214 for sealing contact with the seat 210 and in the channel 122 prevailing Pressure is applied to ball 214 due to bypass flow.

The saline filling contained in the intermediate tank 24 is under Pressure circulated radially outward through the cartridge 42, causing the cartridge 42 to regenerate is and incidentally stuck on its outer surface material together with the Salt water flow through inlet area 78, inlet channel 80 and through the drain pipe 152 is flushed out. As long as the operating state just described continues, flows further fresh water through the intermediate tank 24 and the treatment tank 34 to Rinsing the cartridge 42 with fresh water after the regeneration a volume of saline from the intermediate tank 24.

As mentioned above, however, the cartridge pulls itself out when touched together with the salt in the saline solution. This dimensional change is caused by the support plate 52 is scanned, which moves further upwards in the axial direction and thereby the shaft 96 opposite the wall 76 and the O-ring 54 upwards into the moved in the enlarged diameter area that of the withdrawn wall surface 113 is formed. As a result of the direction of flow of the fresh water and the larger Density of the saline solution compared with that then flowing through the device Fresh water is the saline solution down into the reference pressure intermediate chamber 62 rinsed. Similarly, in this chamber 62, salt water becomes trapped discharged through the opening 104 into the chamber 64, since the reduced in diameter Part 98 of the Shank 96 in an extreme axial position of the Shaft opens the opening 104. Eventually, salt water pours out of the areas both above and below the support plate 52 after passing the drain cock 112 via the drain pipe 118.

After using the cartridge 42 after treatment with saline After rinsing with fresh water, it expands to a "reference point" or up to a "reference state characteristic" related to the cartridge and in which the aggregate is in the fully regenerated and hydrated form. This expansion moves the support plate 52 and associated O-ring 54 downward and brings the O-ring 54 into close contact with the lower part of the wall 76, both the opening through which the reduced diameter portion 98 of the shaft extends 96 has moved, and the opening closed by the valve closure member 100 is closed will. A little later, things flowing through the pipe 160 and the channel 162 collect Water in the chamber 64, the flow of which is blocked. Once the chamber 64 is filled the back pressure in chambers 154 and 156 closes diaphragm valves 142 and 144. Thereupon no more rinsing water can flow in the line 148, so that the flow of rinse water through the intermediate tank 24 also ceases. In this operating state and with line 152 shut off with valve 144, the main control valve falls 128 due to static water in channels 120 and 172 both at the bottom and the same pressure at the top, due to the effect of gravity in the lower position shown in FIG. Now is the water softener ready for water entering tube 28 through the treatment cartridge in the normal manner to direct.

As a result of fluctuations in temperature, pH or the like.

the ~ reference point "may be subject to minor deviations, which can, however, be compensated with the adjustment knob 106.

From the preferred embodiment, in which the ion exchange h & rz expands during the rinse cycle, there is a particular benefit in that exists that accumulated deposits are removed by the rinse water and be washed away. Repeated practical tests with cartridges of this type, the were made according to the binding technique of the earlier proposal, have shown, for example, that this ability to remove deposits is so strong that for the regenerated cartridge regardless of the number of the regenerations that have already been carried out, the same pressure drop as in the repentance state was achieved. This is especially true for the fine mesh resin that is normally used with higher flow rates can be used.

After reinserting the device in the state just described the valves arranged between the intermediate tank 24 and the storage tank 22 become 180 and 182 pushed into the open position by the action of springs 190 and 196.

These springs overcome the now reduced pressure in the tank 24 and allow the intermediate tank 24 to be filled with saline solution from the Storage tank 22 by convection of the denser saline solution.

The device described above can be a cartridge in most cases about 25 cm in length and about 5 to 7.5 cm in diameter, with an ion exchange resin bonded according to the earlier mentioned method with a mesh size of 100. 200 mesh (corresponding to a mesh size of approx 0.149. 0.074mm, US standard sieve set adopted). In the case of a resin with the extremely small mesh size of 100. 200 mesh goes to the regeneration of the ion exchange beads or particles so quickly that the regeneration time in practice the speed is limited with the saline solution in contact with the aggregate particles can be brought. Usually this time is between half a minute Or less and about three minutes. One such cartridge contains usually about 0.95 dm3 of ion exchange material, and their capacity is about 1000 grain gallons (1000 grain gallons), i.e. it can carry 1000 gallons of water of hardness 1 grain, or 100 gallons of water with hardness 10 grain, etc. to soften. Nonetheless, the softening device is designed to divert water if a tap is turned on during regeneration.

From the above description, it can be seen that in this example apart from water pressure no external power source or device for the implementation of the regeneration cycle is required, which is periodic, however expires only when necessary. The exchange of the saline solution is quick: for example could be the transition of the saline solution with appropriately sized flow openings from the storage tank 22 into the intermediate tank 24 by convection within substantially less than a minute.

Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment according to the invention, the to initiate the regeneration process the same principle of scanning the Cartridge dimensions used in terms of construction and operation in detail is formed somewhat differently.

The water treatment or softening device 218 of this example has a treatment cartridge 220. A cylindrical cartridge body 224 with two closure caps 226 and 228 delimiting a hollow core 222. The cartridge 220 is arranged in a treatment tank 230, the walls 232 of which are in front in the direction of flow of the cartridge 220 form a treatment space 234 with a water inlet channel 236 is in a tank top 238 in connection. An outlet channel 240 in the tank top 238 is operationally connected to the interior of a valve housing 244 via a tube 242 tied together, which is a water bypass channel 246, an inlet channel 248 for treated water and an outlet channel 250 for treated water having. An outlet pipe 252 is connected to the outlet channel 250, which becomes a (not shown) exhaust valve leads through, depending on the operating state of the Device 218, treated or raw water can flow. Between the channels 246 and 248 is a normally closed check valve 253 with a spring 255 and a ball 257.

In a lower wall portion 256 of the treatment tank 230 is a Scanning device 254 arranged. This has a shaft 258 with a End 260 is connected to a plate 262, which by a spring 264 to the plant on the cap or on the bottom 226 is pushed. The shaft 258 extends with a lower extension 266 through a gasket. 268 and further down until it rests on a contact piece 270 of a normally open switch assembly 272. A pointer 274 is operatively connected to this, so that an end piece of the pointer 274 is able to indicate on a scale 276 during operation how far the Bottom 226 of cartridge 220 upwardly removed from a reference position, and accordingly is able to indicate the degree of depletion of the treatment capacity of the cartridge.

A solenoid operated drain valve 278 with an inside of the Treatment tank 230 communicating inlet 280 and an outlet 350 penetrates for reasons explained in more detail below, the lower wall section 256 of the tank side wall 232.

In the valve housing 244 is a water flow channel 282 for receiving formed of raw water from an inlet tube 284 and an adjustable main control valve 286 so arranged that its lower locking member 288 on a Seat 290 of the channel 246 for the passage of raw water blocked is while an opening 292 formed by a valve seat 294 remains open, so that the inlet channel 282 flowing water into the channel 236 in the tank top 238 can occur. An upwardly facing outer edge portion 296 of the valve closure member 288 is in a different position of the valve 286 for sealing contact with the valve seat 292 can be brought, whereby the channel 246 for the inlet channel 282 into the valve housing 244 entering water flow is opened.

With the valve housing 244 is also a solenoid operated valve 298 connected, the outlet 300 of which is in the channel located below a flushing water inlet 302 248 opens into the valve housing 244. Structure and mode of operation of this shown in FIG Valve 298 are explained in more detail below.

An inlet 304 of the valve 298 is via a line 306 to a Outlet 308 of a centrifugal submersible or container pump 310 connected, which of driven by a motor 312 and in a storage space 314 for saline one Ilochsalxlösung-Voyratstankes 316 is arranged. Above the reservoir 314 for liquid Saline solution is arranged on a grate 320, a salt supply 318, so that a Source of crystalline salt is available and in equilibrium with it standing liquid saline solution is in contact.

In the upper part of the valve housing 244 in a chamber 324 is a Opening 322 arranged below which is in the closed position of the valve 286 is a disk-shaped closure member 326 of the valve. A magnet 328 is connected to a drain valve 330 which has a drain port 332 and an appropriate one Has fluid level sensing device, for example a pressure sensitive Membrane control element 334, which is operatively connected via an air line 338 to a Pressure sensor 336 is connected.

While in some cases as a liquid level sensing device a float valve can be used, offers that Control 344 of the example shown, certain advantages that are part of a detailed detailed description in U.S. Patent 3,470,905.

The valve housing 244 is further provided with a bypass line 340 provided to, as explained in more detail below, during the regeneration following rinse cycle, raw water flowing into line 284 as rinse water Direct solenoid operated valve 342 at inlet 302 into channel 248 with Steueruni tas to be able to.

The operation of the device shown in Fig. 5 is as follows: Assume that water to be treated with the cartridge 220 enters the tube 284 and that there is an adequate supply 314 of saline in tank 316. In this operating state, the valve 286 assumes a position in which the Pipe 284 enters channels 292 and 236, then through the cartridge 220 flows and after treatment therein via the pipe 242, the channels 248 and 250 and finally flows out via the pipe 252. The pressure of the entering channel 282 Ambient water is used to close the closure member 288 of the valve 286 on the seat 290 to keep, since water in the channel 250 after flowing through the cartridge lower pressure and water, for example in channel 292 on the valve closure member, a smaller one Flushed surface. During this operating state and assuming that the Treatment cartridge 220, which have the same construction te in the older mentioned above Proposal described still has a significant portion of their treatment capacity further treated water flows through the pipe as required 252.

In a resting phase of the device 218, i.e. when it is not being processed by any Water is flowed through, the main control valve 286 remains due to its opposite Water of greater weight closed.

With the exhaustion of its ion exchange capacity, the cartridge reaches 220 is a dimension related to the degree of exhaustion, which is related to a setting device 344 for the switch arrangement 272 can be predetermined.

As soon as this dimension is reached, it usually closes open switch 272. The current flowing through switch 272 switches the Magnet 328 and pump 310. This will make the normally closed The membrane in the valve 330 is opened so that its drain opening 332 is open. the Water flow through channel 322 and the associated pressure drop in the Chamber 324 cause valve 286 to go up rapidly with the result that that between the outer edge portion 296 of the closure member 288 and the seat 294 a liquid-tight system is created.

This allows water to enter channel 250 through bypass channel 246 and flow out of tube 252. Thus begins the water, the treatment cartridge to be bypassed as soon as the valve 286 releases upwards from its seat 290. Since the Pump 310 is turned on at the same time as solenoid 328, it begins to Circulate saline through valve 298. The saline solution flows in a direction opposite to the treatment operation through the pipe 242 and channel 240 into hollow core 222 of cartridge 220 and thereafter for regeneration of the cartridge through cartridge body 224 radially outward. The pump 310 is one Low pressure pump. The saline solution is therefore circulated with a pressure ir is relatively considerably less than the inlet pressure and with a lower flow rate or flow rate than the domestic water. Flows through behind the opening 236 the saline solution enters channel 322 and passes through drain port 332 in valve 330 away.

After the storage tank 316 a predetermined volume of saline solution is removed, the pressure sensitive scanner 336 operates the switch 334. The magnets 346, 342 and 348 are operated simultaneously. When the Solenoid 346 opens valve 278 and the interior of treatment tank 230 is therefore emptied of excess saline solution via a drain opening 350.

By actuating the magnet 342, part of the in the channel 282 incoming water is passed around channels 246 and 250 and to the flush water inlet 302 conducted in the valve housing 244. With a larger flow volume in the channels 246 and 250 than in line 340 and at substantially equal pressures in them The areas carried by the spring 255 on the ball 257 of the check valve 253 additional force exerted to keep this valve in the closed position. Rinse water therefore continues to circulate through device 218 in either direction the opposite direction to the water flow during the treatment cycle.

With the drain valve 278 open, any in the treatment tank 230 remaining saline solution discharged from its interior. During this time it flows a portion of the water entering channel 248 through inlet 302 through the Valve 298 and into the saline solution storage space 314, there, as above mentions that the pump 310 is non-positive displacement and the inlet water pressure higher than the pump outlet pressure. Since this water pressure is sufficient, the forces to overcome who have a tendency to bring saline solution through line 306 in Pumping towards the treatment tank 230 becomes the tank or storage space 314 is filled with fresh water in one of the directions in which the pump 310 would normally the saline solution pumps, flows in the opposite direction.

After a certain time for complete rinsing the cartridge 220 in the manner described above is by in the saline tank Water flowing in via line 308 reaches a certain liquid level. The resulting static pressure in the tank actuates the pressure sensitive Scanning device 336. This then turns on switch 334 and does that Closing the valves 342 and 278 and de-energizing the magnet 348, whereby caused the closing of the valve 298 in the manner explained in more detail below will. At this time, the flow of rinse water into the treatment tank 230 has stopped ceased, and since the cartridge 220 has expanded from the rinsing, is the switch 272 is turned on and causes the valve 330 to close. Since the Flow through channel 322 and through drain opening 332 is blocked the pressures at the top and bottom of valve 286 equalized and the valve 286 falls under the action of gravity into that drawn with solid lines in FIG. 5 lower position. This causes flow of raw water from channel 282 into the channels 292 and 236 triggered, from where it is processed in the manner described above flows through the cartridge 220.

Certain characteristics with regard to the structure and operation of a characteristic of the invention, namely valve 298, can be seen most clearly in FIG. The valve 298, shown on a different scale in FIG. 5, has a housing 352, the inlet 304 for the flow of saline to the cartridge, and one to the Outlet 300 connected to duct 248.

A top wall portion 354 separates a valve inner portion 356 from one Valve outer part 358. The wall part 354 is raised with a seat 360, the one Receives membrane 362 in which a seat 364 defines a centrally located opening 365, which have a tip 366 made of metal or similarly heavy Needle valve unit 368 is closable.

A flexible edge portion 370 of the membrane 362 of reduced thickness has an opening 372, which in comparison with the opening 364 in the central area the diaphragm 362 is smaller in diameter. An electrical winding 374 is wrapped around it a housing 376 of the metal needle valve and thereby forms a magnet of the aforesaid and type designated 348 in FIG. The inner surfaces of the housing 376 and the Upper surfaces of the membrane 362 define an area 378 of large surface area. The task of the valve 298 shown in Fig. 7 is, as already mentioned, For example, in the rest position of the magnet, saline solution flows through the Allow direction indicated with arrows drawn in solid lines is, when the magnet is energized, water flows through it to fill the saline solution tank in the direction indicated by arrows drawn with dashed lines is indicated, and in the idle state of the valve during normal operation of the device 218 Stop water flow to the saline solution tank.

In the following description of the functioning of the valve, it is necessary to take into account that the needle valve 368 is due to its own weight when the magnet is de-energized falls down with the tip 366 penetrating the seat 365 of the passage 364, and adjustable upwards when the magnet is excited to open the passage 36 4 is. When the pump 310 is switched on, there is no major back pressure in the tank 230 and therefore in the area 358, and when the tip 366 rests on the seat 365, the pump pressure is sufficient out to loosen the membrane 362 upwards from its seat 360, so that saline solution can flow into region 358 and into inlet 300 in valve housing 244. As soon by adjusting the valve 342, the rinse cycle operating with a large flow rate is triggered, there is a higher pressure in the valve part 358 than on the housing 352. Along of the outer circumference of the diaphragm 362 effective pressure therefore has the tendency to the membrane lift off its seat 360 when there are no substantial downward forces are effective. With the raising of the needle valve assembly 368 by energizing the magnet 348 it is ensured that this state continues. Because the opening 372 is smaller is than the opening 364, all water entering through the opening 372 flows due to the action of gravity through the opening 364, and no water collects in area 378. Under these conditions the saline storage tank will fill up 316 again until pressure on the scanning device 336 deenergizes the magnet triggers, whereupon the needle valve 368 falls onto the seat 364.

At this point, the diaphragm 362 is constrained by the weight of the needle valve assembly 368 pushed down. In the meantime, water flowing through opening 372 fills wants, the area 378, which now has no drain, since the opening 364 with the tip 366 of the needle valve 368 resting against the seat is closed. flow through the valve 298 is therefore stopped, and water pressure in the area 358, which through opening 372 onto the large area of the top of membrane 362 transmits, this valve keeps closed. Even if the weight of the valve 368 does not immediately push the diaphragm all the way down, the diaphragm 362 is removed from the water flowing through opening 372 and rapidly filling area 378 is hydraulic brought to the facility at their seat.

The use of a valve of the type just described is there from Advantage where controlled flow to the valve is allowed in both directions target. With the in Fig.

1 to 5 illustrated embodiments according to the invention takes place the triggering or implementation of the various operating cycles with different ones Facilities, however, both have the principle in common that the initiation of the Regeneration is done by sensing a dimensional change in the cartridge.

In many cases it has been found to be useful Water or some other liquid after two or more different ones Process processes in one and the same device. It is therefore to be certain Features of modified forms of embodiment of the device according to the invention pointed out, which are advantageous for this purpose. According to FIGS. 8 to 11, in particular 8, there is a device for directing liquid flow in the Inside a liquid treatment device, for example in the water softening device according to the invention, in which two or more cartridges can be connected in series, in the form of a liquid flow deflector 380. This points a cylindrical tube 382, the length of which is slightly greater than that in the axial direction measured length of a cartridge body 384 to which it is connected and an im Enlarged diameter end piece 386 which has a seal, for example an O-ring 388 which is in liquid-tight contact with inner surfaces 390 of an outlet part a treatment tank assembly 392 can be brought.

At one of the enlarged diameter end 386 in the axial direction opposite ends 394 are two disks spaced apart in the axial direction 396 and 398 arranged. The upper disk 396, which is larger in diameter, carries on its The outer circumference is a sealing member 398 'and has a number of openings on its inner edge 400, which are in congruence with part of an opening 402 from the inside facing walls 404 of the cartridge body 384 is formed. The cartridge body 384 rests on an upper side 406 of the disk 396.

In the example shown, the diq cartridge is impermeable to water Closure caps 408, one connected to a bank portion at one end of the tank 392 Seal 410 and at the other end a seal 412 that is attached to the cartridge cap 408 or on the top 406 of the disk 396 can be attached. Both seals 410 and 412 serve to Flow into the center 402 of the cartridge from a region 414 that is outside the radially outer, axially extending surface 416 of cartridge body 384. The lower disk 398 is attached to the tube 382 in a liquid-tight manner at an inner edge part 418 and with an intermediate pin 420 is held at an axial distance from the disk 396. The intermediate support 420 has openings 422 because it must be ensured that liquid from the Opening 402 must be able to flow to a region 424 that is outside of an exterior surface 426 of a second cartridge 428 lies. There is one at the bottom of the cartridge 428 Plate 430, which seals the access to an inner core 432 of the cartridge 430 and, as shown in Fig. 8, is urged axially upward by springs 434. The axial enlargement and reduction of the cartridge 428 is with a dimensional scanner 436 detectable.

On caps 440 of the cartridge 428 or on the plate 430 can Seals 438 may be arranged.

The operation of the flow deflector will now be described 380, assuming the liquid to be treated is water which contains some impurities that are best dealt with with a cartridge of a certain type, such as excreting with an activated carbon cartridge 384, as well as other impurities or hardness which are most beneficial to excretion is made with a different type of cartridge, such as an ion exchange cartridge 428

In such a case it is often useful to put the liquid first with one cartridge and then with the other. Accordingly, a facility must be present, with which the liquid moves radially through the first cartridge 384 through and then passed through the second cartridge 428. It is also useful if the flow to achieve a more effective treatment to the larger inlet surfaces on the outside of the cartridges. This is even ensures that flow is in the opposite direction during regeneration or rinsing has the greatest effect. In the invention Example, therefore, water entering the space 414 flows radially inward the body 384 of the first cartridge and is thereafter through the holes 400 into the space 424 diverted. It then penetrates inwardly through the cartridge 428 into the latter central opening 432 and exits through tube 382 extending from inner surface 404 of the cartridge body 384 spaced inwardly and concentrically therewith is.

In this example it is assumed that the end piece 386 with a certain part of the treatment tank 392 is firmly connected, and that therefore none Adjustment of the deflection device 380 takes place, regardless of whether one or the other of the cartridges 384, 4.28 experiences a dimensional change. Albeit this one Form of embodiment for use in connection with an activated carbon cartridge or a Another cartridge is intended that does not have a significant dimensional change during operation suffers, in the event that this was true for the cartridge 384, the seals will decrease 410 and 412 make such a change because of their inherent flexibility. at Use in conjunction with a device for initiating cartridge regeneration Dimensional changes are sensed, therefore only the dimensional change is scanned in the cartridge 428, and this is because of the change in the axial Clearances between disk 398 and plate 430.

11 shows a perspective view of the deflecting device only 380, without the associated cartridges or treatment tank.

In Fig. 9, a / M5 direction 442 is shown in which two cartridges 444 and 446 are spaced apart by plates 448 and 450. One of these Plates has a gasket 452 that extends along the inner surfaces of a Treatment tank 454 is displaceable, with which the deflection device 442 is connected during operation. An inner surface 456 of the cartridge 444 defines an opening 458 that is at one end 462 communicates with an outlet 464 for treated liquid. feathers 466 urge a plate 468 axially upward. Dimensional changes in both cartridges in the axial direction can be determined with a scanning device 470, since only plates attack or rest on the cartridges 444 and 446, which are adjustable are.

It should be noted that the sensed dimensional change Has a cumulative effect as there is no rigid structure between the ends of the two cartridges except for the constant spacing between plates 448 and 450.

Fig. 10 shows another flow diverter 472, the two Cartridges 464 and 476, respectively. An inlet 478 to a conditioner 480 is arranged opposite an outlet 482 in the axial direction at the opposite end, with the result that between a top plate 484 attached to the bottom cap or rests against the bottom 486 of the cartridge 474 and a lower plate 488 that rests against the upper cap or the lid 490 of the lower cartridge 476, none there is a firm mechanical connection. The plate 484 carries on its outer circumference a seal 492 and has an opening 494 in its center, which the connection to an axially extending interior opening 496 in cartridge 474 manufactures.

A central part 498 of the plate 488 covers an axially directed Opening 500 in lower cartridge 476. The plates 484 and 488 are on the associated Cartridges held in abutment by springs 502 which the plates 484 and 488 in liquid-tight Press abutment against seals 504 which provide radial fluid flow to the cartridges 474 and 476 prevent past. Between plates 484 and 488 is a dimensional change sensing device 506 arranged.

It should be noted that if both cartridges 474 and 476 are included Changes in their treatment capacity experience expansion and contraction, the sensitivity of the device compared to a device in which the Dimensional change of a cartridge is not scanned, doubled or doubled is so large that the changes are made in two axial lengths in both directions.

In the flow deflectors shown in FIGS. 8 to 11, once a dimensional change is sampled, that is a cumulative change of two or multiple cartridges, or there is only the dimensional change on one cartridge scanned regardless of the behavior of the other cartridge, or the scanning device is arranged between two cartridges, the end of which is held at the opposite end End of the device lies. In all cases there is a serial, radially inwards directed flow through two or more cartridges in the same device, so that liquid flowing through a second cartridge by flowing through a first Cartridge has already undergone full treatment.

FIG. 12 shows a device similar to that shown in FIG Device which, however, is designed somewhat differently in details. One the objects that are achieved with the embodiment shown in FIG is to add saline solution that is in an area 508 between a adjustable plate 510 and a fixed floor 512 of a treatment tank 514 accumulates to discharge. However, as can be seen from the drawing, a shaft 516 of a valve 518, the fluid flow from a reference pressure chamber 522 in a channel 520 controls, unlike in the example according to FIG. 1, none constricted or reduced in diameter part. Against are in the ground 512 drainage openings 524 formed with a very small diameter, and in the lower Part of a tank wall 528 is a saline drain valve 526. This Valve 526 has one in diameter small inlet 530, one Drain outlet 532 and a valve seat 534 for receiving a flexible membrane 536 on showing the connection between the drain line 532 and a saline solution containing region 538 of the valve, which is connected to the inlet port 530 connected.

With the membrane 536 resting on the seat 534, it is thus possible to leave the treatment tank 514 does not pass any liquid while by lifting the membrane 536 from its Seat over inlet 530 and area 538 the connection between the drain line 532 and the inside of the treatment tank 514 is made. The membrane 536 is normally urged in the closed position by the presence of water, the flowed into a region 542 via a line 540, above the membrane 536 and below the reference pressure prevailing in the chamber 522 and in a line 544 is held.

With regard to the following description of the operation of the FIG. 12 illustrated embodiment should be noted that the operation of the units shown is the same / E8 of their counterparts in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1, except with regard to the particularities mentioned in more detail here, and that the operation of the valves and the like in a valve assembly 546 is the same with that of the corresponding counterparts. A locking piece prevents this during normal operation 548 on the shaft 516 that water located in the chamber 522 through the drainage opening 520 flows.

If the cartridge shrinkage is sufficient, release the drainage channel 520 caused by the closure member 548, the pressure in the chamber 522 and dismantled in line 544.

Simultaneously with this, the pressure in the line 540 and in the area 542 dismantled. At this point, there is static pressure inside in area 538 of the treatment tank 514 is effective and lifts the membrane 536 off, with flow of Saline used during the regeneration cycle is introduced through valve 526 will. As long as there is no significant pressure in chamber 522, there is waste through line 532 instead.

After the lower plate 510 has reached its maximum height, i. After the cartridge has been completely regenerated, rinsing begins. Because the saline heavier than fresh water, it has the tendency to move in the lower parts of the Device to stay and exit via valve 526.

In addition, the valve 526 remains open until with fresh water is well rinsed, i.e. until the valve closure member 548 closes the passage 520 and chamber 522 can fill. This period of time is good enough to cover the remaining To discharge saline solution from the treatment tank 514. When filling the chamber 522, the pressure in the line 540 rises. In the area 542, pressure becomes effective and causes valve 526 to close. The valve 526 is actuated essentially at the same time as the valves in valve assembly 546, which are also controlled by pressure in line 544.

Because a certain amount of saline solution during the regeneration cycle penetrates into chamber 508 as a result of passage through holes 550 in plate 510, must be provided for the drainage of this saline solution. Fulfill this task the drainage openings 524. Due to the presence of these small holes it goes the denser salt water normally passes through this and into area 522 into it, especially when the treatment tank 514 has a new saline solution filling receives and the valve closure member 548 is in the upper position. Every Any saline solution that has not expired during this time will eventually go due to the action of gravity into the tank or into the chamber 522, but it must be ensured that there is no significant amount of salt in chamber 508 during normal operation. The valve 526 of this embodiment is somewhat similar to that shown in FIG Valve 298, except that it is closed with hydraulic force and not electromechanically and hydraulically. Fig. 13 shows a the examples according to FIGS. 1 and 12 similar device. In a treatment tray 552, which has a lower part 550 ', is on an adjustable plate 556, whose movement can be sensed, a cartridge 554 is supported. A fixed partition 558 partially delimits an overlying chamber 560 and an underlying chamber Chamber 562. A bottom 564 of the treatment tank 552 has an opening 566 which is penetrated by a shaft 568 of a valve 570. Near their central part the plate 556 has a plurality of recesses or holes 572 that the Connection between an area 574 in the center of the cartridge 554 and the chamber 560.

In an opening 578 in the intermediate wall 558 is a check valve 576 arranged. Between an opening 582 near the outer edge of the plate 556 and an opening 584 in the outer edge portion of the intermediate wall 558 extends a flexible one Connection in the form of a hose 580. The plates 556 and 558 are of one Spring 586 pushed apart.

The operation of the device part shown in Fig. 13 is similar to that of its counterpart in the examples of Figures 1 and 12, i.e. The job of some of the components is to remove excess saline that settled in the deep areas of the tank during regeneration has to be removed from the tank, ensuring that, if at all, only there is a slight bypass flow of raw water through the system. Is therefore the Chamber 562 is fully filled with water at the pressure prevailing in front of the cartridge the water has little or no tendency to move from chamber 562 to an outside of the cartridge body 554 lying part 588 of the treatment tank 552 to flow. On the other hand, through the passages 572 the connection between the chamber 560 and core 574 of cartridge body 554 prevails in the chamber 560 a lower pressure than in chamber 562. This would to a fluid flow in the direction of the core 574 would be a free flow path available#. Although this would not always be harmful in the case of a small volume, leaves prevent flow in this direction by arranging the check valve 576, which is designed in the shape of a duckbill or similar and only allows liquid to flow through in one direction. The length of the hose 580 is at least equal to chosen the distance between the openings 582 and 584, so that even with extreme Upward movement of plate 556 between areas 562 and 588 still establishes a connection consists. The valve 570 is in the upper position so that water is out the area 562 runs off, the saline solution carrying rinse water can through flow tubing 580 to remove saline from area 588. In similarly, any amount of saline that accumulates in chamber 560 will through valve 576, as in chamber 562 only during this part of the cycle there is less, if any, pressure. On the other hand, there are those in the company Areas in which flow can occur in the opposite direction through check valves separated from each other, and those areas that are connected to each other, are areas of equal pressure during operation, so that it is ensured that during there is no bypass flow through this part of the cycle. Because the openings on the undersides of the respective plate 556 or 558 to which they are assigned, are arranged, there is the greatest chance that the denser saline solution completely out of the reprocessing device during the regeneration and rinse cycles or the treatment tank 552 can be discharged.

From the foregoing it can be seen that for a substantially corresponding the above description trained device various modified Forms of training are possible. The common characteristics in terms of working method and Function are in Fig. 6 in a simplified block diagram showing the operation the device explained according to the invention, shown.

From the designations used in Fig. 6 it follows that in a line L present, pressurized water by switching one Guide valve V around or into processing device A. leaves. The process takes place through a common drain line 0, depending on the position of the valve V treated or raw water is supplied. Passage of the water through the cartridge C in a direction indicated by solid lines Is indicated by arrows, leads to processing.

To the cartridge C is with a line P a reservoir R for Cartridge regeneration fluid connected, in a dashed line The arrow lines drawn indicate the direction of the flow direction of the water flows in the opposite direction during processing. A drain D is used to discharge used Regeneration liquid. A line T carries fresh water for refilling the storage tank for regeneration liquid and, via one, also to the drain line D connected line j, for rinsing the cartridge. The valves M and N control the flow of water to the storage tank for regulating liquid R and to Cartridge C.

Therefore, as soon as a dimension of the cartridge C is scanned, the invention when the regeneration process is initiated, the water is diverted to regeneration This is followed by rinsing, and as soon as the cartridge is completely rinsed the water to be treated is fed back through the cartridge. In some forms of training electromechanical valves are used, in others such valves, their actuation occurs only through the forces of fluid flow in the water. In different, The refilling of the storage tank takes place in different forms of training R for regeneration liquid with fresh water according to various methods and with different Work steps. In all cases, however, it takes place the control of the workflow from time to time during the preparation of the relevant liquid depending on the changing dimensions of the Treatment cartridge.

It should be noted again an important point mentioned above.

reminds me of the invention, namely the very small particle size of the active material in the cartridges, with a consequent benefit is that the Regenerierungsge speed is extremely fast. Another important advantage that has not been discussed in detail so far, and which incidentally results from the use of a compound composed of small particles Aggregates is that such cartridges seem to be able to to excrete organic material or substances from water, which was previously possible This way and that easy to not remove edges. Although considerable It appears that quantities of organic matter can be absorbed by ion exchange resins it that the time required for the accumulation of a significant amount is relative to that through an exchange bed or filter of a given volume and a given configuration, volumes of liquid that have flowed through are very long was. In the device according to the invention, however, the adsorption time of the cartridge is reduced so far that organic matter actually and effectively from water or the like. can be excreted, even within the time required for a given volume of water required to run at a reasonably high flow rate, i.

a flow rate, as is usually the case with systems in private households are encountered with a radial flow cartridge a cross-sectional thickness of about 2.5 cm or less to flow through.

The above description of the invention related to the processing of water as the liquid in question.

However, it is known that cartridges of the type described herein Art and others with similar characteristics and uses with benefit for one A variety of other purposes can be used, such as: removing cyanide from galvanic baths, for deionizing liquids, including the Excretion of both cations and anions, for deletion or removal of inorganic substances and discoloration during cane sugar processing, for removal organic contaminants from various aqueous systems, for cleaning of molasses and other whole products, for the de-ironing of phosphoric acid in pickling solutions, for the removal of zinc from treatment baths, for the deposition of Chromic acid from the rinsing water from galvanic baths, for the deposition of iron from hydrochloric acid, to separate impurities in the production of methanol, Acetone and other ketones, such as methyl ethyl ketone and the like, for separating inorganic Substances and for clarifying non-aqueous systems such as spinning bath solvent systems and alkalis, for separating platinum and other precious metals from concentrated Hydrochloric acid, for the separation or separation of polyols in the production of glycerine, for analytical purposes, e.g.

for separating proteins and the like, including eluting and the concentration of proteins, or to carry out other processes or to their support using ion exchange systems.

Claims (39)

EXPECTATIONS 1. Device for processing liquids, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t through a liquid treatment tank (34) for receiving a first Liquid, with an inlet (28) and an outlet (30) and one in the tank (34) on; arranged liquid treatment device (26), with which during a the normal operation corresponding flow state of the device (20) at the allows a desired treatment to be carried out for the first liquid, wherein the liquid treatment device (26) has at least one liquid treatment cartridge (42), which when required during de; the desired treatment according to the flow condition corresponding to normal operation the first fluid allows and changes in their treatment capacity reacts by dimensional changes, and wherein the inlet (28) and the outlet (30) with the liquid treatment cartridge (42) in communication to the flow passing the first liquid through the cartridge (42), further through a device (52), with which by scanning the dimensions of the treatment cartridge (42) usable treatment capacity can be determined directly, furthermore by a device, which, depending on the scanning device (52), determines the flow of the first liquid to the inlet (28) controls, as well as by a device that depends on the Scanning device (52) in a flow state corresponding to the regeneration operation of the device (20) of the cartridge (42) alternately a regeneration liquid to revive their treatment capacity, with a tank (22) for regeneration liquid, one the Connection between this and the liquid treatment cartridge (42) manufacturing device, and with a valve assembly (32) which during of the flow condition corresponding to the regeneration operation, the transport of the Regeneration liquid from the corresponding storage tank (22) through the connecting device and then enabled through the treatment cartridge (42). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that when regenerating liquid is supplied to the cartridge (42) the first liquid is guided with a device around the cartridge (42). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the cartridge (42) is made to a substantial extent from an ion exchange resin exists that in operation according to its degree of exhaustion occurring in operation causes a dimensional change. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the cartridge (42) consists to a large extent of an ion exchange resin, which is composed of finely divided, closely packed particles that are in solid Relationship to each other are bound, with their substantially entire surfaces exposed to contact with liquid flowing through the cartridge (42). 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the cartridge (42) is made up of a plurality of finely divided, closely packed, or aggregate particles an ion exchange resin bonded together with a matrix, which is so elastic that when there is a change in dimension # between states in the Aggregate particles cause a corresponding dimensional change in the cartridge (42), and that the cartridge (42) has a permeable body or casing (74), the void volume of which (pores) of the ion exchange resin particles binding material are largely free, the finely divided material of the to be processed Liquid has a large active surface with the lowest possible pressure drop the cartridge (42) offers. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the scanning device (52) of devices (58) for contact with a part the cartridge (42) and that a liquid flow control device controls the supply of regeneration liquid to the cartridge (42). 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the scanning device (52) of devices (58) for contact with a part the cartridge (42) is pushed, and that the valve arrangement is electromechanically actuatable is. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that there is a device for the flow of the regeneration liquid to the cartridge (42) can be prevented while the first liquid flows through the device (20). 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the scanning device (52) has a device that the scanning of the called cartridge size prevents while the first liquid to be processed the cartridge (42) flows through, the scanning of this dimension only then takes place when the first liquid does not flow through the cartridge (42). 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the liquid treatment cartridge (42) is a cation exchange resin, and that the regeneration liquid is a saline solution. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the device for the alternate supply of regeneration liquid in addition to the cartridge (42), there is also a device (24) for storing a supply of regeneration liquid and a device for dispensing a measured amount of regeneration fluid when the supply in the regeneration liquid tank is exhausted to this tank (24) can be transported. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, that the scanning device (52) has a device which acts on a during Flowing the first liquid through the pressure drop present in the cartridge (42) above the cartridge (42) responds by displacement in a direction corresponding to the direction of movement, into which the scanning means (52) for scanning a change in said Dimension is pushed, is opposite, wherein the scanning device (52) is incapable is set to scan the changed dimension when the first liquid the The cartridge (42) flows through it. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the regeneration liquid tank (24) holds the regeneration liquid delivering device is a storage or intermediate tank, which at one end one source for the first liquid flowing through the cartridge and the other Connect the end to a liquid supply line connected to the cartridge i9t, and that with control devices at least one otherwise flowing through the cartridge Can divert part of the first liquid to the intermediate tank to its contents displace and over the liquid supply line through the cartridge to press. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that to the control devices a normally closed valve, which hold by fluid pressure in the closed position, and include a device, which cancels this liquid pressure as soon as the scanning device has a predetermined Dimension of the liquid treatment cartridge has determined, so that said Valve can open to cause said portion of the first liquid displaces the regeneration liquid to flow through the cartridge. 15. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that a normally closed bypass valve continues to be added to the control devices heard that in the closed position at least partially from a liquid pressure is held, as soon as the scanning device has reached the predetermined dimension of the cartridge establishes can be canceled, the bypass valve when this pressure is released moved to a position in which there is flow of the first liquid through the cartridge prevented, so that during the flow of regeneration liquid to the cartridge Flow of the first liquid through the treatment cartridge is prevented. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that with a device by supplying a rinsing liquid in a very close to the cartridge and after its resuscitation in this area Remaining regeneration fluid can be removed from the area using this device responds to a further dimensional change in the cartridge, which occurs after the full recovery of the capacity of the cartridge, but before the termination of the Rinsing of the cartridge stops. 17. Apparatus according to claim 16, in that the device for removing residual Regeneration liquid has an electromechanically actuated switch unit, which regulates a valve for introducing additional flushing liquid into the cartridge. 18. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the device for removing residual regeneration liquid a The drain valve is opened by extreme adjustment of the scanning device can, so that from the device parts near a lower part of the cartridge Can drain the regeneration liquid. 19. A method for processing a liquid, thereby g e k e It is noted that the liquid is passed through a cartridge which is on a change in their treatment capacity reacts to a change in dimension and a first liquid that you can use when required during normal operation corresponding flow state is fed in the device, a desired Treatment capable of making the dimensions of this cartridge at least periodically sampled during the time the cartridge's treatment capacity is being exhausted become that after a dimensional change of the cartridge of a predetermined amount was found to be the flow of the first liquid to be treated through the cartridge that the cartridge is interrupted to restore its treatment capacity is treated with a regeneration liquid, and that thereafter the first liquid passed through the treatment cartridge again for treatment will. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the liquid to be treated is water, and that the cartridge is self-sustaining Shape is formed and is made of an ion exchange resin. 21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that; e k e n n sign t that said dimension is only scanned when liquid is in the cartridge does not flow through, whereby the regeneration of the cartridge is not initiated while Liquid flows through the cartridge. 22. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i e h n e t that the scanning with a mechanical movement of part of the with elas-sischen Devices pushed into a scanning position scanning device is made and that forces present in the liquid flowing through the cartridge are used a regeneration cycle # to regenerate the cartridge and the transition initiate from the regeneration cycle to the treatment cycle. 23. The method according to claim ~ # 9, characterized g e k e n n -e ei e h n e t that said dimension is continuously scanned, and that with an electromechanical actuatable device a compulsory diversion of the liquid to be treated around the cartridge and a positive flow of the regeneration liquid brought about by the cartridge. 24. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that there are no t that after the cartridge has been regenerated another change in its Dimensions is scanned that when this condition is found, a rinse cycle is initiated, with the excess regeneration liquid from the cartridge removed and this is brought back to intermediate dimensions, and that these intermediate dimensions scanned and, depending on this, initiated the treatment cycle again will. 25. Method of treating a liquid that is intermittent is passed through a cartridge, which is used when necessary during normal operation corresponding flow state in the device at a first supplied to it liquid able to carry out a desired treatment, thereby g e n n n n n e i n g n e t that a first liquid is passed intermittently through said cartridge that the dimensions of the cartridge indicative of the handling capacity of the cartridge can be sampled from time to time and only during that period in the liquid does not flow through the cartridge and that upon detection of a dimensional change a predetermined amount of further flow of the first liquid through the PAtrone is prevented and the cartridge by passing through a regeneration liquid is treated by the cartridge before further flow of the first to be treated Liquid is allowed through the resuscitated cartridge. 26. A method of operating a liquid treatment device, in which a first liquid is brought into contact with an active, closely packed one or treatment cartridge containing aggregate particles is treated for changes their treatment capacity with dimensional changes and if necessary during a flow condition corresponding to normal operation in the device to carry out a desired treatment of a first liquid supplied to it capable of, and in which the cartridge at intervals with a regeneration solution is treated, whereupon the liquid treatment corresponding to normal operation is carried out until regeneration is again expedient, thereby g e k e n it is noted that dimensional changes in the cartridge are sensed to determine when it is necessary to regenerate the cartridge and that during the treatment of the first Liquid existing liquid flow forces are used to during such periods in which the first liquid flows through the cartridge, sampling one dimension of the dimensionally variable cartridge, said Dimensioning can only be scanned during such periods in which the first liquid is not passed through the cartridge for treatment. 27. Device for processing liquids, g e k e n n z e i c h e t through a liquid treatment tank for receiving a first Liquid, with an inlet and an outlet and a liquid treatment device arranged in the tank, with which during an operating state of the device on the first liquid allows a desired treatment to be carried out, wherein the liquid treatment device has at least one liquid treatment cartridge, which when needed during of said operating state, the desired treatment of the first liquid and to a change in their treatment capacity through dimensional changes reacts, and wherein the inlet and the outlet with the liquid treatment cartridge communicate to direct the flow of the first liquid through the cartridge, furthermore by a device with which by scanning the dimensions of the Cartridge can determine the usable treatment capacity directly and to which includes a cartridge size sensor assembly attached to a surface of the Cartridge can be brought into contact with part and a pretensioning device which has a Part of the sensor assembly is pushing towards the cartridge, causing dimensional changes in the cartridge by taking place depending on such changed dimension Adjustment between state scanning positions can be determined, also by a Device which, depending on the scanning device, the current of the first Liquid to the inlet controls, and by a device that is dependent of the scanning device in another operating state of the device of the cartridge alternately a regeneration liquid to revive their treatment capacity supplies, with a tank for regeneration liquid, a connection between this and the liquid treatment cartridge manufacturing device, and with a valve arrangement which during said other operating state of the device the transport of the Regeneration liquid from the regeneration liquid tank through the connecting device and then through the cartridge, the first liquid to be treated depending on the one of the positions of the cartridge dimension sensing device flows through the cartridge and regenerating liquid depending on another of the positions of the cartridge dimension sensing device is supplied to the liquid treatment cartridge. 28. The device according to claim 279, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that with a device with which the cartridge can be supplied with untreated rinse water is connected to a valve assembly which, after the cartridge has been regenerated, the Flow of untreated rinse water through the rinse water supply device and to the cartridge. 29. The device according to claim 272, characterized in that there is no e t that the regeneration liquid is supplied to the tank to put the cartridge in to flow through in a direction that corresponds to the direction of flow of the first liquid during their preparation is opposite, so that the cartridge of particles can be cleaned, based on the inlet side of the treatment cartridge the direction of flow of the first liquid. 30. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that a control element is attached to the scanning device by a Part of the tank protrudes outwards and is connected to an electromechanical circuit is to the device for controlling the flow of the first liquid to the inlet and the device alternately supplying the cartridge with a regeneration liquid feeds, to be actuated as required. 31. The apparatus of claim 27, comprising one on the scanning device attached control element that protrudes through part of the tank to the outside, thereby it is not noted that the control element is dependent on dimensional changes in the cartridge is adjustable in a number of positions that the device for controlling the flow of the first liquid to the inlet to a position of the Control element responds, and that the device that the cartridge alternately supplies a regeneration liquid to a different position of the control element responds, the device in a position of the control element in is an operating state in which the first liquid is processed, and assumes a different operating state in another position of the control element, in which the cartridge is supplied with regeneration liquid. 32. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the control element actuates a device with which the treatment tank treatment liquid accumulated there after the cartridge has been treated with treatment liquid can lead away. 33. Liquid flow diverter for receiving at least two liquid treatment cartridges for treating a liquid through radial directed flow from the radially outer, axially extending Areas of the cartridges through the bodies of the cartridges in the axial direction extending inner core openings formed in the cartridge bodies from radially to inwardly facing surfaces of the cartridge body are formed, thereby g e k e n nz e i c h n e t that with cartridges inserted into the deflecting device, a device Fluid flow into the inner opening of the first cartridge of at least one Front end of the cartridge prevents a device from flowing liquid into the opening in the second cartridge from at least one end of the cartridge prevented from, and that a device the flow from said Opening in the first cartridge into one outside the radially outer, axially extending surface of the second cartridge lying area deflects, wherein in a Device in which this flow deflection device is arranged, under pressure flowing liquid the first cartridge and then the second cartridge radially flows through inside. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that a device controls the flow of the said opening in the second Cartridge directs liquid entering axially through the opening in the first cartridge and thereby prevents the liquid in the first opening from settling with the in the second opening mingled. 35. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the liquid flow in the said openings preventing devices are two axially spaced plates, of which the one on an inner surface of an associated treatment tank in liquid-tight System can be brought and has at least one opening that corresponds to said Opening in the first cartridge can be brought into register, and the other plate can be fixed in place with a device opposite the first plate. 36. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that a device can be brought to bear on an element that is in at least one of the cartridges a dimensional change, based on one with the flow diverter connected, fixed part of this device is able to scan. 37. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the two devices allow liquid flow into said openings the first or the second cartridge prevent through between them arranged elastic devices are forced into contact, and that with a device relative movement between these elastic devices that is made possible by changing the dimensions of said cartridge, is scannable. 38. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that a device fluid flow in at least one of said Cartridges of at least a major part of at least one end face of one of these Cartridges. 39. Flow deflection device for receiving at least two liquid treatment cartridges, in each of which from radially inward facing surfaces one in the axial direction extending core is delimited, g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t by a cylindrical, for liquid impermeable tube (382), which after inserting the two cartridges (384,428) to push through one of the cartridges (384) in the flow deflection device (380) is able to have a reduced diameter over substantially its entire length and at one end (386) in the outlet portion of a liquid conditioner can still be received, to which the flow deflecting device (380) is assigned by a first opposite the other end of the tube (382) Plate (398) extending radially outward from this pipe end with this The pipe end is connected in a liquid-tight manner and has a recess which is connected to the Inside the cylindrical tube (382) is in congruence, further by a second Plate (396) between one end of the tube and the first plate (398) and with axial spacing of these is arranged, as well as by one with said Opening (402) in the first cartridge (384) in congruent device (400) in the second plate (396), the liquid from the opening (402) into the area between the first and the second plate (398 or 396) steers, wherein liquid flowing through the first cartridge (384) towards its core (402) directed to the outer surface (426) of the second cartridge (428), and out of the core (432) the second cartridge (428) leaking fluid to the outside the tube (382) in the flows through the first cartridge (384) in the axial direction. 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