DE2331923A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE EXPLOSION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMAL ENERGY - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DIPL.ING. H. LEINWEBER pipl-ing. H. ZIMMERMANN Dipl. Ing. A. Gf. ν. WENGERSKY

t Manchen 2, Roswrtal 7. 2. Autg.

2331923 ™. Addr. Utwpat MMmIw

Telephone (Mil) 2MIfM

PostsdMdc account: Monk · «22045

June 22nd 1973

Us «rZ« lch «n

22 998

GAZ DE FIiANCE, Paris, France

Process and device for the utilization of thermal

High temperature energy

The present invention relates to a method and a device, with the help of which, for example, in a nuclear reactor (Pile) generated thermal high-temperature energy is recovered by collection and conversion.

In most currently operated and developed plants, the high-temperature thermal energy generated in the core of a fieactor is used with the help of an exchange magnesium or coolant such as water, Helium or sodium. This exchange medium is sometimes used directly to operate the turbines. Very often it makes the heat source of a classic thermodynamic cycle, with the help of which turbines and steam boilers (especially steam generators) are operated.

. The efficiency of the aforementioned cycle processes is on the one hand not very high, while on the other hand the investment costs the systems, especially the turbine boiler units

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greatly increase the producer price per kWh.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method for To provide with the help of which the producer price of the recoverable energy is reduced and which the simultaneous generation of interesting and valuable chemical substances such as hydrogen and oxygen guaranteed.

Guaranteed as a result of the increase in efficiency the invention also a reduction in "thermal waste"; it allows a lesser amount of that in the environment Amount of heat is dissipated, which is why the known ecological disadvantages associated with heat removal appear less.

The method according to the invention is in particular characterized characterized in that at least some of the thermal high-temperature energy released in the reactor is thereby for water dissociation uses potassium peroxide (KoC ^) with water to react, with gaseous oxygen (O2), which is separated and recovered, as well as normally Form solid potassium hydroxide, which can be mixed with potassium (K) reacts, gaseous hydrogen (Ho), which is separated off and recovered, and potassium oxide (KoO) being produced which is finally achieved by supplying the required thermal energy to potassium peroxide (^ C ^) and potassium (K), the one returns, decomposes.

By suitable choice of the conditions for carrying out the various reactions, in particular the temperatures and pressures, one can convert using a simple cycle process based on potassium hydroxide.deg.gus ^ gittiruyaimgSource available thermal energy / the decomposition of water into its components (i.e. Hydrogen and oxygen) with excellent efficiency

309883/1081 -3-

reach". In the method according to the invention is also only a simple one, which takes place essentially according to classical criteria and is free from certain work constraints Technical effort required, one only has to have means of controlling and maintaining each of the reactions of the cycle the optimal operating conditions are available.

In the method according to the invention find the following ^ reactions take place; i

K ₂ O ₂ + H ₂ O 2 KOH + 1/2 O ₂ (1)!

2 KOH + 2 K 2 K ₂ O + .H ₂ (2)

2 K ₂ O - + heat —— £ KgO ₂ + 2 K (3)

The reaction 3 of the disproportionation of the potassium oxide (Koo) allows thus essentially the removal and Ual · - 'conversion of the heat which is to gain}, the reactions 1 and 2 allow Di S ₁ SCO is tion of water into its components of oxygen and Hydrogen, which is then obtained, and ensures the return of the potassium oxide used in the iieakticn 3,

The invention also relates to a device for implementation of the method described above, in which for the course of the reactions of the process reactors and exchangers with a relatively simple design and technology come into use.

The invention will now be based on the following description, welcce takes on the accompanying drawings (Fig. 1 and i? 'iji. 2) Bez'LU, are explained in more detail, Fig. 1 and 2 te ζieneu sic ^ on two different designs according to the invention

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309883/108 1
BATH ORIOINAL.

First, the simplified work scheme of Fig. 1 explained. According to Fig. 1 needs to be careful with the system no classic on the applied working temperature range Thermal energy generation unit, which has a steam boiler as well Steam turbines (such as illustrated in Figure 2) include being connected.

The system essentially contains a heat source u, which supplies heat with high power and which, for example, represents the core of a nuclear reactor. A flowable exchange medium, for example helium under pressure, flows through a line 10, into which it is pumped by the pump 11. The exchange medium leads the thermal units into a container ϊί? In which the mentioned disproportionation reaction takes place.

2 K ₂ O + heat> K ₂ O ₂ + 2 K (3)

In the work described herein scheme is provided that the ßeaktionstemperatür in the container R * is about 825 ⁰ C, while the pressure is 1 bar.

Under these temperature and pressure conditions, the potassium oxide and the potassium peroxide are in liquid, not with- ^! mixable form before; the lighter potassium oxide j floats on the peroxide. The potassium is in the gas phase. Under these conditions, the diver fc-j, which receives the heat units coming from the reactor R , is of simple construction. The withdrawals take place just [in the container length.?, At various levels, as shown schematically in Fig. 1 \. j

In the container L * the L.eaction of the water decomposition takes place! sedimentation with formation of oxygen according to the following! Equation:;

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309883/1081

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K ₂ O ₂ + H ₂ O * - ^ 2 KOH + 1/2 O ₂ - (1)

Under the working conditions present here, ie at 25 ^° C. and a pressure of 1 bar, both the potassium hydroxide and the potassium peroxide are in solid form. The reaction takes place in the container It ^ within a suspension in a fluidized environment, the fluidization is advantageously carried out by feeding back a significant portion of the oxygen (reference number 13). The water is introduced into the bottom of the tank IL; this introduction is advantageously carried out together with the oxygen return flow.

If you work with a weak excess of water, the potassium hydroxide falls in powder form, well drier Shape with no associated water molecules.

If necessary, the temperature in the container Ε * can be maintained with the aid of a heat exchanger E ₂ , which absorbs the superfluous calories. The heat units come also to be withdrawn through the line 13 of the oxygen return.

The _{following reaction takes place in the H 2} container 2 KOH + 2 K> 2 K ₂ O + H ₂ (2)

According to FIG. 1, the working conditions are as follows: temperature 725 ^° C.; Pressure 1 bar. The potassium enters the container Un in the vapor state, while the potassium hydroxide and the potassium oxide are in liquid form. The heavier potassium oxide is drawn off at the lower part of the container, while the hydrogen released is drawn off from the upper part of the container.

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309883/1081

Different heat exchangers complete the system in such a way that the heat is dissipated in different places of the cycle or where it is necessary, is caught and exploited.

The liquid-liquid exchanger can also be seen Ez, which takes care of the exchange between the potassium peroxide and the potassium oxide at the outlet or inlet of the container fi *.

The exchanger E * enables the utilization of part of the heat content of the ά? exiting potassium vapor for heating the potassium oxide, which flows out of the container Boi ⁿ ^ ^en container Iu .

The exchanger Ec is a gas-liquid exchanger, which is the use of part of the heat content of the hydrogen flowing out of the container for heating of the liquid potassium hydroxide before it enters said container.

The exchanger Eg is a liquid-liquid exchanger in which the potassium peroxide coming from the container B * part of its heat content to the liquid potassium hydro | - xid before introducing it to the exchanger He loses.

The exchangers Εγ and Eg are liquid-solid-gas or solid-liquid exchangers. Oxygen acts as a gaseous carrier exchange medium and flows through exchanger Εγ in a closed circuit. The oxygen is heated by the potassium peroxide flowing from the exchanger Eg, which is present in solid form at the bottom of the exchanger Εγ Container Ü. * Originates and is introduced into the upper part of the exchanger Eg. This lies in the "bottom of the exchanger Eg

309883/1081 _ _? _

Potassium hydroxide heated by the liquid potassium in liquid Form before »

The exchangers Ec, Εγ and Eg exist with advantage from towers in which the liquid or solid substance flows in countercurrent to the exchange medium hydrogen, oxygen or potassium trickles down.

In the illustrated in Fig. 2 modified Aue _r guide die of the cyclic process is carried out at a higher temperature. For this reason, a steam boiler 16 is connected to the system, in which the energy is obtained, with the help of which the turbines Tj, T ₂ , T ₅ and T ^ are fed.

Since the system according to FIG. 2 is largely identical or similar to that described in FIG a system, these facilities are not explained again. It just looks at existing differences pointed out.

The disproportionation reaction of the potassium oxide j takes place in the container hx

2 K ₂ O + heat * K ₂ O ₂ + 2 K (3)

at 1025 ⁰ C and reduced pressure (48 millibars). From the _T exchanger Ej constitutes three steps, and is greater dimenj sioned as according to the scheme of Fig. 1 # ι The in line 10 pumped exchange medium further flows through a supplementary *! borrowed Ausausciier Eq, with the help of which the container tio is heated.

The reaction takes place in container H _2:

2 KuK + 2 K ^ 2 K ₂ O + H ₂ (2)

309883/1081 BATH

This reaction takes place as in the scheme of Fi ι 1 at 725 ⁰ C and a pressure of 1 bar; the potassium, however, is fed in in liquid form at a lower temperature after it has flowed through the steam boiler 1c.

In the container u-, the operating conditions are substantially the same as in Schesa of FIG. 1 except for the dais is uesktionstempera door higher (about 125 ⁰ C). In this container, the reaction takes place in a fixed bed or fluidized bed (fluidized environment):

K ₂ O ₂ + H ₂ O ^ 2 KOH + 1/2 O ₂ (1)

The heat source of the steam boiler 6 forms the potassium, which is drawn off and from the exchanger E / in steam form

the container iw originates.
j

The boiler may be a Dampfkeseel of klsssiscnen _(type comprising a Heisttufe 17 and three overheating, steps 18, 19 and 20 which provide the steam and the operation of four turbines Tj, T _2, T? And T allow * The water is returned to the condenser C, while the return is provided by the pump 21. The liquid potassium obtained from the bottom of the steam boiler is transferred with the aid of the pump 22 to the container "U ^.

The two embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 represent so to speak, ζ v / ei represents extreme solutions that have occurred at low or high temperatures. One can search for all those in between Apply working conditions. The procedural conditions can also be modified or profound be changed. In any case it is sufficient to use the thermodynamic Laws to be followed that govern the various reactions of potassium, potassium oxide or kaiiuniperozia regulate within the complex cycle and feed it to decompose water.

309883/108 1

BATH ORIGINAL

In particular, the temperatures in the containers

hi, shr, and Üz carried out iieactions as well as the Druckbedinj-

I ^ j man;

_b ungeu can be modified, iss is sufficient if / with sufficient-; "End high temperatures work so that the reaction rates remain acceptable.

The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above, which only serve to explain. Rather, the invention encompasses all '

Methods corresponding to the described working methods as well as their combinations, provided that they are according to the invention; “Must be carried out according to a concept.

In particular, in all of the measures described above, the potassium can be replaced by sodium; The entire cycle Dieibt same, except for the NaOH ■ takes the place of KOH and that the oxides of Na replace those of potassium. The basic reactions of the cycle change accordingly as follows:

Na ₂ O ₂ + H ₂ O>, 2 NaOH + '1/2 O ₂ (1 ¹ )

2 iteüü + 2 Na> 2 Na ₂ O + H ₂ (2 ¹ )

2 Na ₂ O + heat> Na ₂ O ₂ + 2 Na (3 ^f ).

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Claims (11)

- 10 patent claims: Process for collecting and converting the high-temperature thermal energy generated, for example, in a nuclear reactor, characterized in that at least part of this thermal energy is used for water dissociation by reacting potassium peroxide (KoOp) with water so that gaseous oxygen (Cp) , which is separated and recovered, as well as normally solid potassium hydroxide (KOH) obtained, which is reacted with potassium (K), whereby gaseous hydrogen (Hp), which is separated and recovered, and potassium oxide (KpO), which is finally produced by I. Supply of the necessary thermal energy in potassium peroxide j (K2O2) and potassium (K) ₁ which is returned, splits. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the potassium oxide is converted into the liquid state at high temperature for splitting so that it is disproportionated to gaseous potassium and liquid potassium peroxide, and that the separation of the potassium peroxide from the potassium oxide, which Oxides in the liquid phase are immiscible with one another by allowing the lighter potassium oxide to float on top. '< 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that one reacts the water with the solid potassium peroxide arranged as a fixed bed or a fluidized bed brings, whereby one circulates oxygen and works with a deficit of water, so that one dry, powdery, solid potassium hydroxide is obtained. -11- 309883/1081 ■ V ^: ^ i \ r- I I - 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that liquid-solid-gas exchangers and solid / liquid exchangers, in which the gas and the gas, are used to collect the heat when the potassium peroxide is removed and to heat the potassium hydroxide for the purpose of its decomposition the liquid ¹ flow in countercurrent to the liquid or to the solid, so that oxygen, which is circulated as an exchange gas stream, is used to cool the potassium peroxide and liquid potassium, which is heated with the aid of oxygen, is used to heat the solid potassium hydroxide. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that that the lieaction carried out in the cycle 2 KOK + 2 K -) 2 K ₂ O + H ₂ (2) takes place at about 725 ⁰ C and atmospheric pressure. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the Öisproportionierungsreaktion the potassium. oxides in the temperature range from 825 to 1025 ⁰ C and at or negative pressure takes place. 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized gekennzeicnnet, the reaction K ₂ C ₂ + L ₂ O ——> 2 kills + 1/2 O ₂ (1) at a temperature in the range from 25 to 125 ⁰ C under Atmopphärendrucl; takes place. -12- 309883/1081 BADOMQiNAL 8. The method according to claim 1 to 7 _f thereby marked _; draws that heat is added to the decomposition of the potassium hydroxide used in the cycle. ; 9. The method according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the in the water decomposition by the im Cyclic process applied potassium peroxide heat of reaction occurring leads away. . ; 10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that one in the various iieaktionen carried out the potassium is replaced by sodium, so that sodium hydroxide takes over the role of potassium hydroxide and sodium oxide or sodium peroxide take the place of potassium oxide or potassium peroxide. 11. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that for this purpose they essentially contain containers for thermal and chemical exchange with return lines for has certain products. 309883/1081 Blank page