DE2318308A1 - REACTOR FOR TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GAS - Google Patents

Description

Patent assessor Hamburg, April 10, 1973

Dr. Gerhard Schupfner 7? 0 / ik

Deutsche Texaco AG ',

2000 Hamburg 76

Sextuple gate

^H T 73 010 (D 72.815-F)

TEXACO DEVELOPMENO? CORPORATION

135 East 42nd Street

New York, Ν.Γ. 10017

UNITED STATES.

Reactor for the treatment of exhaust gases

The invention relates to a reactor for the treatment of Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

During the combustion of a fuel mixture of hydrocarbons within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust products normally contain a number of environmentally harmful gases. These gases have different temperatures and are common in both gasoline engines, Diesel engines and rotary piston or rotary piston engines or other internal combustion engines can be found.

The hot exhaust gases are generated according to the engine used, whereby it does not matter whether the entered fuel mixture either premixed or is entered as a stratified input quantity. In each

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Case it has been found that the hot exhaust gas flows, those in the. Atmosphere are vented, not just a percentage of unburned hydrocarbons, but also a number of environmentally harmful substances, such as CO and NO, in varying amounts.

However, the exhaust gas mixture can be adjusted by adjusting the Intake side of the engine can be varied or changed. Such changes involve the known means regarding the adjustment of the filling quantity, the temperatures, the distribution of the filling quantity and the speed of the motor.

It has been found, however, that the composition of the exhaust gases to a certain extent due to the use one of the facilities can be controlled.

One of these exhaust control media that has been found to be effective and economically viable is use a catalyst bed or similar reaction promoting device placed in the path of the hot exhaust gases is. It has also been shown that the composition of the various exhaust gas components is advantageous through reaction can be adjusted with air or other entered elements.

It is the object of the invention to create a device with which the thermal conditions of a hot exhaust gas

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be maintained or improved, the gas completely mixes and reacts, for the purpose of subsequent others Reaction whereby the polluting properties of the atmosphere are reduced. This is achieved by the hot exhaust gas after leaving the exhaust gas openings of the engine, subjected to intimate mixing and reaction within a high speed eddy current. The swirled non-directed, partially reacted exhaust gas stream is then fed to a reaction chamber in which the exhaust gas stream reacts with air in the presence of air, thus resulting in a composition less polluting form.

The desired objects of the invention are achieved by providing a reaction vessel which has the Absorbs exhaust gas flow of the engine. The hot gaseous residues from the combustion are in the exhaust gas stream Hydrocarbon fuel mixture contained in the combustion chamber of the engine. These heated gases are in the first stage of the thermal reactor entered in some way at a rate that the Exhaust gas flow impinges on the first stage and is deflected by a shield. The shield pushes the gaseous Current in a vortex movement in the area of the periphery of the reactor wall.

After that, the gas flow is more homogeneous than in a stratified one

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Mixture and enters the high-temperature reaction chamber the device where the reaction is completed with a medium such as air. The still hot stream is then in a suitable condition to be carried away from the reaction space and to be discharged into the atmosphere or the like.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention, from which further inventive features emerge, is shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a

Internal combustion engine with the invention Reactor,

Fig. 2 is a view of the reactor with three inlet ports, with parts for illustration of the internal structure have been broken away and

FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.

In Fig. 1, an internal combustion engine 10 is shown with the normal cooperating components. These include one or more combustion chambers 11 in which. Pistons 12 are arranged. A controllably sized. lot Fuel and air are periodically introduced into the corresponding combustion chambers via an inlet device 13. The mixture is compressed and ignited to close the piston

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move. The resulting from the combustion are hot

Exhaust gases are discharged from the combustion chamber 11 via outlet devices 16 pressed into exhaust openings 1.7.

In an internal combustion engine, after the compressed amount of fuel used in the work cycle of the The piston was burned, the remaining hot gases via outlet devices 16 into an exhaust manifold, the in the present case is marked with 17, discharged. Normally with this type of engine the exhaust gas flow is through Lines one. The muffler is fed into the muffler and then discharged into the atmosphere.

In the arrangement according to the invention, however, the engine exhaust gas is in single streams through one or more ducts 18 passed directly from the openings in the cylinder head to the inlet of the thermal reactor 19. The reactor 19 receives the gas stream, mixes it and subsequently treats the gas stream and lets it exit again through openings at one end. At this point the gases have reacted and have been converted such that the exiting gas stream, which flows into the atmosphere, has a composition that prevents air pollution.

In Figures 2 and 3, the reactor 19 is shown, the an elongated jacket housing 21 made of stainless steel or other refractory metal.

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The jacket housing 21, as shown in Fig. J, is preferably circular in cross-section, which has proven to be beneficial in terms of maximum strength and resistance to extreme degrees of heat that occur during a normal engine operating cycle. The heat load can fluctuate in a range between temperatures below ⁰ ° C. and essentially above 53 ° C.

The opposite ends of the shell 21 are provided with end plates 22 and 23 _v, which form the termination of the shell and define the closed inner space simultaneously. Since the reactor 19 is shown in the vertical position in FIG. 2, it should be noted that normally the reactor is arranged horizontally and parallel to the exhaust ports.

The upper end plate 22 is provided with a peripheral edge which is attached to the shell housing in a manner that thereby defines the aforesaid enclosed interior space. To have the necessary strength and rigidity too. result, the end plate 22 is welded to the jacket housing. It can be seen that in order to produce and to enable access to the interior of the reactor 19 »at least one of the end plates 22 or 23 is detachably connected to the jacket housing to, if necessary, this end plate again to be able to lose weight.

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Die.Endplatte 22 has a central part 24, which extends outwardly from the surface of the end plate. A central opening 26 in the middle part 24 defines a Outlet opening of the reactor. The Auelaß opening can Be further provided with a releasably connected line 27 or the like. To the processed exhaust gases in the Atmosphere or to a cooling device.

The inner surface of the respective end plates, e.g., end plate 22, is provided with circumferential protruding positioning recesses 28 and 29, which are arranged eccentrically to one another. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the central one opening 26 arranged eccentrically with respect to the jacket housing 21, which is described in more detail below. The positioning recesses 28 and 29 are used to hold and Positioning of parts inside the reactor.

A shield 31 extends at a distance of the inner wall of the dumbbell housing 21 and is, as can be seen from Fig., Cylindrical. The shield 31 receives the incoming heated exhaust gas flow, deflects it or guides the exhaust gas flow in such a way that a vortex movement is indexed in the exhaust gas flow. The shield is preferably of a cylindrical configuration, albeit having a similar deflecting effect an alternative, e.g. oval configuration or the like can be achieved.

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In any case, the shield is made of metal, ceramic or other material 31, the surface of which a temperature of 816 - 982 ⁰ C resists the incident exhaust gas flow. Furthermore, the shield 31 can be made from individual parts that are coated or otherwise treated in order to withstand the stresses caused by the hot exhaust gases impinging on them. In the present embodiment, the shield 31 defines a continuous guide wall against which the swirling gases are guided around the reactor chamber. .

Me shield 31 is in the area of the inner wall of the jacket housing 21, arranged at a distance from this so that an annular space 32 is defined between the shield and the inner wall will. Under normal circumstances, this annulus is occupied by stagnant exhaust gases. The space has the effect some kind of insulation from the hot interior, creating the desired high temperature of the circulating or swirling exhaust is maintained.

The shield 31 is adjacent to the jacket housing 21 and slidable between the opposite sides of the corresponding positioning recesses of the end plates 22 and 23 arranged. From Fig. 2 it can be seen specifically that the shield 31 is slidable on the outer surface of the recess 29 is located and sufficiently far from the surface of the end plate 22 is located in order to create a variable gap in this way between the surface of the end plate and the shield

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to be defined, which can adapt to the cold or heated nature of the reactor. ",

Due to the temperature differences that occur, an expansion and contraction of the inner parts of the reactor to be guaranteed. The displaceable arrangement of the shield 31 ensures that it is adequately supported Part and the desired deflection and guiding effect on the gases regardless of the current temperature the gases or the reactor as a whole.

The shield 31 can be on the inner surface, specifically in the areas where the gas impinges, be coated in order to protect the shield against excessive thermal To protect stress or erosion. The coating also protects the shield from the effects of high temperatures, which results from the constant reaction within the annular space 37.

The special arrangement of the shield 31 has another one further advantage, as the shielding is enabled by the storage is to rotate. Thus, the impact of the hot gas on the entire periphery of the shield member distributed and not permanently limited to one area, the non-fixed arrangement of the shield still allows an easy interchangeability of the same, if an exchange is necessary due to the extreme stress.

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The presence of the shield 31 also enables maintaining a high temperature inside the reactor. The heat radiation to the outside is through the Shielding reduced essentially by half.

Normally, the gas flow swirling along the inner wall of the shield 31 enables a progressive flow The gas flows into the reactor chamber 33 arranged inside the reactor. e.g. ribs, wings or the like. In this way the swirling hot gases in a desired direction or to direct in flow pattern.

The reaction chamber 331 into which the swirling gases are directed is formed by an elongated housing 3 ^ which extends essentially through the reactor 19 in the longitudinal direction thereof. This housing part 34, as it is specifically shown in FIG. 3, is made of a thin-walled cylindrical part which has a multiplicity of inlet openings or perforations J> 6 in the wall in order to allow the hot exhaust gas flowing around it in a ring to flow in. The inner wall of the reactor chamber 33 is defined by an elongated central tube 38 which extends longitudinally through the reactor chamber 33 and terminates at the central opening 26.

The outer wall of the reaction chamber 33 is through the housing 34-

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formed, the open ends of which are loosely arranged between the corresponding recesses 28. The loose attachment of the Housing 3 ^ is an extension in both lateral and also possible in the longitudinal direction within the boundaries of the corresponding recesses.

The annular reaction chamber 33 normally receives hot, well-mixed exhaust gases that are generated in the reaction chamber in the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere or in the presence react of a catalytically active medium. Although not shown in detail in the figures, the Reaction chamber 33 must be provided with a suitable material that fulfills the catalytic puncture also a sound attenuation for the high velocity gases. A suitable catalyst for the reaction chamber 33 is in U.S. Patent 3,231,520 or U.S. Patent 3,362,783. One such material comprises a catalyst medium supported on a support material such as calcined alumina, is arranged.

With such a catalyst bed or the like. The Reaction chamber 33 be filled. As previously described, the releasable attachment of the housing 34 can. Reaction chamber to be filled with a new catalyst, to the effect of the reactor for the treatment of the exhaust gases to be maintained at all times.

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As shown in FIG. 3, the reactor chamber 33 is arranged eccentrically to the center of the jacket housing 21 in order to generate the high speed of the swirling movement of the hot exhaust gases through the annular space 37 ». At the outlet of the hot exhaust gases into the annular space 37, this is generally provided with a wide cross-section. This cross section is tapered uniformly between the converging walls of the shield 31 and the housing yv up to a maximally narrowed area. The increase in velocity through the tapered area, which ends in area XX, promotes greater efficiency in the swirling and mixing of the gases regardless of the original inflow conditions.

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Claims (12)

T 73 ΟΙΟ D Claims / 1.! Reactor for the treatment of hot exhaust gases from a Combustion of a hydrocarbon mixture within an internal combustion engine with an exhaust port , characterized in that a device is provided which has a turbulence space (37) with a shield (31) forms that at least a channel (18) leads into the space (37), the other end of the channel (18) communicating with the exhaust gas opening (17), to receive a high velocity flow of hot exhaust gases from the exhaust port (17) "and that means is provided, which forms a reactor chamber (33) and communicates with the swirl space (37) to a take up hot, mixed gas flow and around a To promote reaction of the gas stream in the reactor chamber. 2. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the device which the reactor chamber (33) forms, is arranged at least partially in the area of the turbulence space (37). 3. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized marked t that the shield (31) extends at the periphery of the swirl space (37). 309843/0906 4 ·. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shield (51) is cylindrical and extends essentially in the longitudinal direction of the turbulence space (57) extends. 5 · Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, d adurch characterized in that the means forming the reactor chamber (55) are essentially is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the swirl space (57) and .ein ring between the chamber and the space. 6. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device which forms the reactor chamber (55) is enclosed by the swirl space (57). 7. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor caramer (55) is arranged eccentrically to the shield (37), with an annular space therebetween for restriction of the swirling gas is created. 8. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims., Characterized in that the annular Swirl space (57) a narrowed area (Z - X), which in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal 309843/0906 axis of the swirl space (37). 9. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the the Housing (34) forming the reactor chamber (33) has a plurality of inlet openings or perforations (36). 10.Reactor according to claim 9 * characterized in that that the perforations (36) in the longitudinal direction of the turbulence space (37) away from each other are arranged. 11.Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Reactor chamber (33) a catalyst is arranged by which the exhaust gases flow from the engine to the exhaust gas outlet pipe. 12.Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a device is arranged around the shield (31), through which a thermal barrier around the swirl space (37) arises around it. 3Q9843 / 0906