DE2312719A1 - PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE THERMAL CONVERSION OF MIXTURES - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys fn ". R. R τ 3

«Müneheniü, Siairwdorfetr. 1C

56-20. 332P £ 2O. 333H) I ¹ *. 3- 1973

Johannes V / OTSCHKE

Hanover

Process and device for the thermal conversion of mixtures of substances

The present invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal conversion of mixtures of substances while splitting off on the one hand the moisture before the combustion process, and on the other hand the ballast material in the same by utilizing the heating plants that they have brought in.

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The inventive method i ^ t dadui-cu gekermzeielv net that the substance mix in a top obge-.chlo. ^ euen Space is introduced, this in an exhaust and in a flame chamber aiftrennt that in the flame chamber by means of supplied Oxygen means the combustible components with a flame temperature above the melting point of the incombustible components are completely oxidized and these flaramenkairimers leave as dust-free flue gas; that the incombustible constituents are converted into perfect melt leave the flame chamber as melt; and in that the evaporation chamber is heated indirectly by the flame chamber and the Distillable constituents are evaporated and run off as liquid condensate after cooling.

The device according to the invention for performing the method is characterized in that it has an upward A closed, two-part space comprises that of these two parts, the one preferably perpendicular and the other preferably extends horizontally, so that when this space is filled from above, the work piece extends from the lower edge of the first Part in the second part sloping off conically and thus divides the room into a flame chamber and an exhaust steam chamber - that these Flame chamber has a bottom inclined in the direction of an outlet hole, and in that the exhaust chamber in the upper part a tight inlet device is provided for the work item and a device for cooling the exhaust steam and draining it off of the liquid condensate.

The accompanying drawing shows schematically and by way of example different embodiments of the inventive method

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and the facility for its implementation.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the method. FIG. 2 shows a detail, on a larger scale, of FIG. 1 FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of the method. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part of FIG Figure 5 is a side view, partly in section, of a first embodiment of the device.

Fi _c ~ ur 6 is a sectional plan view of the device shown in FIG. 5

Figure 7 is a side view partly in section of a second Embodiment of the device.

A first embodiment of the method is shown in FIG. In this figure 1 is a closed at the top Aroeii / örauiii 1 shown. It consists of a vertical Part 2 and a horizontal part 3

The vertical part 2 has a lock device 4 and a discharge device 5 with a connected heat exchanger on.

The right-hand part 3 also points into the upper one Corner mounted burner (not shown) and a spout 7.

The working space 1 is filled with a mixture of substances 8 by means of the lock device 4.

This mixture of substances 8 is composed, for example, of:

an organically combustible part b

an oxidizable, i.e. also combustible, metal component m an inorganically non-combustible component a and from moisture that can evaporate, preferably water.

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This mixture of substances 8 bi '^ cht in the horizontal Part at 9 off.

After this filling, the Schleusenvorrichtimg 4 is locked and the space 1 is sealed gas-tight. An oxygen-containing gas supply 10, such as air, is fed into the horizontal part 3 of the combustible portion b via the path 11 so that it touches this immediately upon its entry into the horizontal part 3, i.e. at 9, and so with it a flame burning from here into a flame chamber 12 forms.

The flame temperature should be above the melting point of the incombustible portion a. This is achieved by reducing the amount of oxygen supplied to the theoretical required amount limited.

This supplied amount of oxygen is previously through the Heat exchanger 6 passed and preheated there.

The high work st erap er atxir is favored by that the supplied metallic St off components m with the presuppositions oxidize to their oxides m at high temperatures. They give exothermic the previously expended for their reduction The heat of formation is released again, thereby increasing the effect the flame heating.

This high working temperature is further promoted by the fact that the moisture w from the mixture of substances 8 before Entering the combustion process is evaporated.

This moisture evaporation is achieved by indirect heating from a separating layer on the slope surface carried out.

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This separating layer is formed as follows:

The combustible portion b is oxidized to flue gas 13 by means of oxygen 10 introduced into space 3 in the direction of arrow 11.

The metallic part m is with the supplied oxygen 10 burned to its oxide and liquefied in the process. Its melt 15 leaves the space or the flame chamber 12 together with a melting of the non-combustible part 1Ί and the flue gas 13 through the outlet 7.

The incombustible portion a of the mixture of substances 8 comes in shock-like manner when entering the flame chamber 12 at 9 in the The area of their heat radiation is heated to the melting temperature and thereby liquefied. The melt particles pull themselves under the surface tension that becomes effective, they form melt droplets and thus form a combustible fraction above the gasifying part b a network of drops. From this they pull together, flowing downwards, to form a melt film 14 and cover with it this the surface area of the substance mixture 8.

In the reaction zone, at 9>, the gasifying parts must of the combustible portion b pass through this network of droplets and give off any solid particles that have been entrained into it.

This droplet network thus serves as a filter for the gasifying combustible components.

The constantly flowing down droplet network gives so that on the other hand, always new surface particles of the combustible portion b of the heat radiation from the flame chamber 12 free and This causes intensive gasification, in which the gas, which takes up a large amount of space, is less obstructed into the flame chamber 12 can flow off. 309851/07 $$

The melt film Ik flowing over the embankment surface cools down on its lower surface in contact with the mixture of substances 8 to form a solidifying crust of the separating layer 16 that heats the mixture of substances and delimits it from the flame chamber 12 (FIG. 2).

The heat radiated from the flame chamber 12 holds the surface facing it of the melt film 1 flowing off towards the outlet ^; r is liquid and uses the main part of the heat flow in the manner of known melt cooling.

Accordingly, there is in the flame chamber 12, for example, a working temperature of 1500 ° C (Fig. 2), in the outflowing liquid melt film l · ¹ + not much more than its mean melting temperature, for example 1 ^ 00 ° C. In the solidified separating layer 16 below, this temperature drops to about 500 ° C., for example, until it comes into contact with the material layer 8.

The remainder of the heat radiation that penetrates into the material layer is just enough to evaporate the moisture in the material layer. This takes place in an edge zone 17 * when the temperature drops from, for example, 500 ° C. to 100 ° C. in this edge zone.

The moisture w, which is evaporated in the area of the separating layer heating , is thus separated from the mixture of substances 8 and is reversed upwards in countercurrent to and through it, exchanging heat.

On the cover of the vertical part of the evaporation chamber 2, the steam is discharged via the exhaust device 5 and cooled in the connected heat from 6 with the aid of the combustion air or oxygen 10 intended for the flame chamber and brewed as liquid condensate 18 to drain.

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x "this method avoids the dehydration otherwise considerable heat consumption in the Plammenkammer and leads this at least part of the heat of vaporization through the preheated Combustion air closes again.

The layered temperature zone on the slope surface represent an ideal thermal insulation of the plasma chamber 12 from the outside and save the necessary with conventional high-temperature processes ceramic lining.

Indeed, the higher the working temperature in the flame chamber 12, the thinner the temperature drops surrounding it - Layers, because the melting process with its increasing need for melting heat due to higher working temperatures is intensified.

However, this means that the position of the temperature * waste layers is also dependent on the requirements of the inflowing material layer indicated by the heat of fusion and evaporation.

In fact, consumption from above is too low In the combustion zone at 9, if there are insufficient supplementary amounts of substance, the flame chamber 12 will open outwards expand to become the reaction zone as well as the interface bulge outwards. Controllable follow-up of the mixture of substances must therefore be ensured in terms of the procedure.

It may also be necessary to regulate the composition of the substance mixture.

For this purpose, additional water can be injected at 19. if the proportion of moisture w is too low, the temperature zone in the evaporation chamber 2 can be influenced in this way.

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It may also be necessary to introduce surcharges on tfnverbrennlichem a if defect is in this and therefore does not matter the reaction zone sufficient melt free To make the slope surface of the material mixture to cover at 9 "with a release layer or this thick enough.

In a second embodiment, the method is used in a reducing manner.

Figures j5 and 4 represent this second embodiment and use the same reference numerals for the components corresponding to the first embodiment.

In this embodiment it is not a question of burning a metal m supplied in the substance mixture to its oxide, but rather to remove the oxygen from a metal oxide contained in the mixture of substances 8 by means of combustible material b supplied as a reducing agent, and it as metal m at 20-against reoxidation from the flame chamber 12 protected, - to run out of this,

The incombustible component a behaves in exactly the same way as in the first embodiment described, that is to say that a slag or melt film is formed which has a crust covering the steam chamber.

The moisture evaporation is also carried out in exactly the same way the heating effect of this crust is carried out.

The reaction gas carbon oxide CO produced from the carbon from b and the oxygen of the metal oxide must remain at the reaction site 9 for a certain time until the reaction finally takes place done and your history is backed up.

The resulting liquid metal in this comparison must m

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while having the opportunity to choose between the emerging Slag melt 14 and the crust formed against reoxidizing exposure to oxygen from the flame chamber in safety bring.

This indicated in Fig. 3, known from metallurgy process, in which the heavy metal m below the lighter Slag 14, but oozes out over the interface or crust, requires sufficient heating for the liquid half of the melt, in addition sufficient exchange surfaces and dwell time.

In Fig. 3, the slope is therefore flattened from a steep approach and in this way a dwell zone in front of the outlet 7 21 created for the liquid metal m.

To form this dwell zone 21, for example The level of the outlet 7 is raised in relation to the zone 21.

The over the dwell zone 21 before it overflows into the Outlet 7, with lingering protective slag melt 14 absorbs heat from the flame chamber 12 and thus promotes the metallurgical refining process. The metal itself runs automatically through a separate siphon outlet at 20 from the flame chamber 12.

By control devices in the inlet of the oxygen 10 as well as the CO circulation 22 can be shown in FIG. 3 and in particular Realize the flow course shown in FIG. 4.

The inevitable formation of a reducing reaction gas r - CO - zone 23 in relation to a flame gas - COp - zone 24 heating it within the flame chamber 12 is achieved according to the invention in that the CO produced in the constriction of the flaram chamber 12 at 9 with high partial pressure does not

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There has been a tendency to get out of zone 2- ^! ί oxidizing flame gas C0 flowing in the _{opposite direction?} to mix, but inevitably prefers the path via 22 to the entry point of the oxygen 10 and for mixing with this at 25. The reaction gas is thus supplied to the oxygen 10 in such a way that it forms with it a central flame that is as far away as possible from the reaction site 9 and does not come into chemical contact with it, but only physically radiates.

All possibilities of dehydration from the mixture of substances brought into reaction and the characteristic distribution of the working space 1 in the flame chamber 12 on the one hand and evaporation chamber 2 on the other hand bring an absolute advantage over known methods.

In fact, since the moisture is split off before the reaction process, it is necessary to convert the mixture of substances a large number of calories fewer, since this mixture of substances is supplied to the flame chamber in a dry state will.

The above remarks also apply to facilities which are melting reactions without a high level of gas development, such as melting tasks in glass

manufacture, manufacture of water glass or melting down of fine dust.

Figures 5 and 6 represent a device for performing of the method according to the first embodiment.

The entire work area is externally represented by a circular one Ring jacket 30, and internally by a clockwise one circumferential rotary jacket 31 limited. E & n such a rotary casing is known from German Patent No. I.526.II7 and is

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therefore - not described here in more detail.

On the outer wall of this rotary jacket 31 are drivers 32 attached.

The ring jacket 30 has one on its inner wall attached, in the direction of rotation of the rotating mantle 3I downwardly spirally sloping intermediate floor 33.

This ring jacket j50 is also connected in its lower part (FIG. 5) to a bottom 35 which is, for example, conically inclined towards a central outlet hole J> h.

At its upper part, this ring jacket 30 is provided with a concentric inner bell jacket 36 through a top final circular annular disc cover 37 connected.

The ring jacket 30 and bottom 35 are generally clean metallic, without ceramic lining.

This ceramic lining is not required because the thermal insulation is taken over by the filling with mixture of substances 8 will.

Inside the bell jacket 36 is the flame chamber 12 bounded by a circular, ceramic-lined bell 38. '

Ring jacket 30 »bell jacket 36, rotating jacket 31 and ring disk cover 37 and base 35 form a two-part space that is tightly closed at the top.

This space extends into a vertical part 2 and a horizontal part 3.

The bell has a conical underside 39 and a cavity Λ1 connected to an air supply device 40 on ν

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This air supply device K) is connected to a V / S exchanger 42 connected. This heat exchanger 42 is itself connected to an exhaust steam duct 43, which becomes a device for the Cooling down of the exhaust steam belongs.

The cavity 41 is connected to the flame chamber 12 through an opening 44.

The bell 3> 8 is also equipped with a burner 45 which is connected to a gas or oil line (not shown).

The device is still a tight inlet device consisting of a first lock device 46 and a second lock device 49.

This first lock device is a slide 47 and a plunger 48.

The second dense intake device 49 is composed of a hopper 50 and two horizontal arranged sliders 51, 52 and is arranged perpendicular to the first lock device 48th

The outlet hole 34 is located on the lower part of the device connected to an outlet chamber 53.

The outlet chamber 53 is equipped with a start-up burner 54 and is connected to a granulating device 55 through an outlet opening 66 which is coaxial or parallel-axial with the outlet hole j54.

A part of this outlet chamber 53 acts as an afterburning chamber 56.

The substance mixture 8 to be processed is through the inlet device 46 supplied, in Fig. 5 the main amount horizontally at 60 from the side or, for example additional goods, vertically from above

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In doing so, it arrives in the working area of the rotating casing 31. This rotating casing 31 is supported by rollers 62 against side pressure. Between this rotating casing and the bell casing 36., purge gas is expediently blown in in order to cool, to prevent the ingress of undesired foreign matter that interferes with drive and storage.

The purge gas can at the lower edge of the jacket at 63 in the Exit reaction zone.

The rotary jacket 3I distributes what is brought up to it Mixture of substances 8 through drivers 32 onto the intermediate floor 33 and from this all around to a reaction ring zone at 64.

The cross-section between the rotary jacket 3I and the ring jacket 30 lying room is due to the spiral lowering of the intermediate floor 33 extended in the direction of rotation to prevent the filling from clogging up.

The mixture of substances 8 brought up by the plunger 48 and entrained by the rotary casing 31 accordingly tilts at 65 in part from the beginning laterally into a larger annular gap with a lower intermediate floor 33 here and is thus relaxed.

As far as the all-round filling by the rotating casing 3I is not sufficient to keep the reaction ring zone at 64 from above filled with a mixture of substances, in a variant of the Ring jacket 30 a stocker can be used to help. This stocker is aligned by the ring jacket 30 to the point of use at 64 and pushes the mixture of substances 8 there without running the risk of destroy the separating layer at 64.

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Such devices as stooker can for example can also be designed as hollow bodies such as pipes and can bring highly flammable liquid fuels directly into the 'combustion zone.

The required combustion air 10 can, as indicated in FIG Bell jacket 36 enclosed operating room are air-conditioned.

This combustion air is used, for example, in the heat exchanger 42 preheated and pressed into the bell 38. Here fills it cools the cavity 41 and cools the floor facing the flame chamber 12. Measured on the outer edge, the combustion air then comes out all around swirling at 64 into the flame chamber 12, thereby putting this flame chamber and the vapor chamber under pressure.

The intensity of the flame created by the mixing of the entering air with the gasifying combustible fraction b at 64 as if from a flame belt enters the flame chamber 12, is controllably controlled by metering the air supply 40.

In this device, in spite of the high thermal load and high working temperature, and if possible, in the flame chamber 12 With a small excess of air, excellent burnout is achieved because the resulting flame gases are caused by the swirling air supply well mixed, but at the same time forced against their natural heat buoyancy towards the one at the bottom of the flame chamber 12 lying outlet hole 34 to flow. It will therefore two vortex systems superimposed and the mixing effect thereby multiplied .

The incombustible part a forms, together with the liquid metal oxide mo along the slope surface, which in

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First embodiment of the process described separating layer between flame chamber 12 and evaporation chamber 2. Heated by the flame gases, it runs together with them from the common outlet hole J> h down into the outlet chamber 53 and through this on the shortest possible path directly into the granulating device 55.

The start-up burner $ k has the task of preheating this outlet duct 53 when starting the entire process and, from the outset, to ensure complete burn-out of any cold start-up flue gases.

In addition, this start-up burner secures 5 ^ the Melt flow if necessary to prevent premature cooling Granulating device 55

The exit speed of the exhaust gases 13 is in the Outlet chamber 53 through an enlarged flow cross-section, with a lower height of fall of the melt, greatly reduced.

In this way, any entrained melt particles separate more easily from the gas flow.

Part of the exhaust gases 13 can heat the melt up to the granulating device 55, branched off at 67 in a variant and together with the vapors taken up from the granulating device 55 laterally and with the main part of the exhaust gases 13 in the afterburning chamber 56 are to be merged again. This is when it emerges from the flame chamber 12 in the outlet chamber 53 at 68, for example, additional cooling air is added.

The moisture w contained in the supplied mixture of substances 8 is evaporated off in front of the hot separating layer at 69 and rises in countercurrent into the steam chamber 2 back upwards. At the

Lid 37, this steam enters the exhaust steam channel 43 and is the

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Heat exchanger 42 supplied. In this, this vapor gives off the heat of evaporation to a coolant such as the combustion air 10 again. In this way, this marine can be used again for the process.

At 70 a liquid condensate runs over a siphon or condensate trap.

Such a device for cooling the exhaust steam can be provided with an exhaust device in a variant and, depending on the capacity of the plasma chamber, also several times on the lid 37 are arranged.

A feed J2 of additional water is used to regulate the temperatures and therefore the evaporation process in the steam chamber 2.

Required for the formation of the separating layer at 69 Inorganic incombustible aggregates can be added through the sluice-like second inlet device 49.

A device for carrying out the second embodiment of the method is illustrated in FIG.

The same components according to FIGS. 5 and 6 bear the same Reference numbers.

The one described in the first embodiment of the device The rotary casing 31 has a bevel 73 attached to its vertical wall.

The bell 38'.v / has another passage 74- which connects the cavity 41 to the flame chamber 12 via a control device (not shown).

The level of the outlet Jk is the; Floor 35 raised opposite. ^r

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An outlet 75 of a siphon device 20 is arranged at the lower edge of the flame chamber 12 and extends obliquely downwards.

A stocker arrangement 76 which can be driven laterally from the outside is perpendicular to the ring jacket at the level of the reaction zone 30 arranged.

In this second embodiment of the device, a variant of the starting device is used.

The main amount of the substance mixture 8 to be processed is here vertically via a filling funnel 77 of a first lock device 78 and poured out through two slides 79 * 80 into the working area of the rotating mantle 3I.

Additional goods can be fed horizontally through a second lock device 8l.

This second lock device 81 is a plunger 82 and a slide 85.

With the inclined part 73, the mixture of substances 8 is well distributed around the rotary casing 3I.

• The mackerel arrangement 76 has the task of from above to redirect coming vertical flow of the mixture of substances 8 with certainty in the horizontal direction.

The reaction gas CO produced in the reaction zone at 9 (according to the reducing course of the process) moves into the hollow space hl of after fulfilling its protective function at Qh. Bell 38 and from this via the control device (not shown) into an injecting suction area of a centrally downwardly directed supply 85 of the combustion air 10.

In this case, the flame chamber 12 then radiates

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heating flame from the central zone of these flames:: atrimer outward.

The longitudinally of the release layer 69 from the molten slag after abseigernde below the molten metal m accumulates in front of the separate flow out of the flame chamber 12 through the Syphon- outlet 75 * i a the outlet hole J> h surrounding ⁿ annular channel 86th

The slag pipe 14 covering this molten metal pulls with the flue gas Γ5 through the outlet Jk into the outlet chamber 53.

The usual stages of development of the process such as for Example, the separation of the moisture w takes place in this second embodiment of the devices with the same components as in the first embodiment according to FIG. 5.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. Process for the thermal conversion of mixtures of substances while splitting off on the one hand the moisture before Combustion process and on the other hand the dietary fiber in the same by utilizing the calorific values brought in by them, characterized in that the mixture of substances is introduced into a space closed at the top, this into an evaporation and into a Flame chamber separates that in the flame chamber by means of supplied oxygen, the combustible components with Flame temperature lying above the melting point of the incombustible constituents are completely oxidized and leave this flame chamber as dust-free flue gas, so that the incombustible constituents, which in turn are converted to a perfect melt, leave the flame chamber leave as melt and that the evaporation chamber is indirectly heated by the flame chamber and the distillable components are evaporated and after cooling run off as liquid condensate. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a separation surface is formed by melting the mixture of substances, which separates the evaporation chamber from the flame chamber separates and an outwardly limiting thermal protection layer forms. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the combustible components are removed from the interface in a reaction zone and reaction gases that are burned in the flame chamber. 309851/0755 kc method according to claim 3 »characterized in that the incombustible components are a droplet network and
form a filter for the gasifying combustible components, Method according to claim h, characterized in that this droplet network has a narrow zone with temperature gradients falling from the flame chamber and forms a thin solidifying crust on its underside, from which the substance mixture below is indirectly heated and the moisture contained therein is evaporated , 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the oxygen supply to the flame chamber, the distillation vapors warms up and thereby cools this chamber " 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working temperature in the flame chamber above
The melting point of the incombustible components. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of substances still contains metal components with
the oxygen supplied to their oxide are burned and liquefied, and that this metal oxide liquid together with the incombustible constituents the
Flame chamber leaves as a melt. 9. The method according to claims 3 and 5, characterized in that the combustible reaction gases when a 309851/0755 enters the flame chamber in the upper area of the interface be mixed with the supplied oxygen in such a way that this mixture surrounds the flame chamber Forms a wreath of flames. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of substances still contains metal oxide and that one of separates the oxygen from this metal oxide by adding combustible constituents as a reducing agent. 11. The method according to claims 3 t 7 and 10, characterized characterized in that the still unburned reaction gases Cover the interface with high partial pressure until a covering melt of slag forms on the interface has formed, and that these reaction gases are only then sucked in by the centrally supplied combustion air and this Combustion air to an irradiating the interface central flame are added. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that a liquid metal from the slag melt against reoxidation is protected and leaks out of the flame chamber separately from it. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the melt and the flue gas on the way to the granulating room be thermally post-treated. l4. Device for performing the method according to claim 1 or the following claims, characterized in that that it has one closed at the top, two parts 309851/0755 Send space includes that of these two parts, one is preferably perpendicular and the other is preferably extends horizontally, so that when filling this space from above, the work piece extends from the lower edge of the first part in the second part in the shape of a cone and thus the space into a flame chamber and into an exhaust steam chamber divides that this flame chamber has an inclined in the direction of an outlet hole bottom and that in the upper Part of the evaporation chamber a tight inlet device for the work item and a device for cooling the Evaporation and the drainage of the liquid condensate are provided. 15. Device according to claim 1A, characterized in that that the space comprising two parts externally by a cylindrical ring jacket and internally by a Rotary jacket is limited and that this rotary jacket is arranged coaxially to the ring jacket that the steam chamber surrounds the flame chamber in a ring shape and thermally insulates it. 16. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that that they still have a burner and an air supply device having. Device according to claims 15 and _{16 f,} characterized in that it also has a ceramic-lined bell which is arranged in such a way that the air supply device supplies combustion air through this bell to the flame chamber at the lower edge of the rotating jacket. 309851/0755 18. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the air supply device has a high level of oxygen Pressure in the axis of the 'flame chamber is supplied. 19. Device according to claim lh, characterized in that the tight inlet device has two lock devices arranged opposite one another perpendicularly. 20. The device according to claim 19 _t, characterized in that one of these lock devices has a plunger and a slide and is arranged in the horizontal plane, while the other lock device has a hopper and at least two slides and is arranged in the vertical plane. 21. Device according to claim 1U, characterized in that that the device for cooling the exhaust steam and draining the liquid condensate has a heat exchanger having. 22. Device according to claim Ik, characterized in that it also has an outlet chamber with an outlet opening below the outlet hole of the flare chamber and that the axis of the outlet opening is coaxial with that of the outlet hole. 309851 / 075S