DE2308154C3 - Pourable explosives mixtures based on hexogen, octogen and trinitroluene as well as their manufacturing and processing methods - Google Patents

Description

2 explosives mixture according to claim 1 thereby marked that the artifacts Explosives up to 15 to 2d percent by weight from grains largely through fine-grained material fill out. This is how you get:

^eme increase in the explosiveness of the ammunition thanks to the increase in the hexogen _{content, the mixture being easy to drink and the final load}

remains homogeneous;

_dne reduction in the need for _{on-use Customized} ^s _he methods such as sediments _{tation to the time increment of the density of kräfti th or ene iereichste} ^ _{explosive in the un} t _older

Layers removed during the upper layers _{and, if necessary, during the later manufacture}

be reused;

^ _{Reduction of the} production costs of explosive charges, since the "protruding part", _{ie the} ^^ ^ if necessary in;

by joint crystallization of hexogen with octogen in the proportion of hexogen Octogen from 60/40 to 85/15 are available.

4. A method for producing and processing the explosive mixture according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first melting process of the explosive mixture ^{takes place at about 85 °} C., while the later melting processes are carried out ^{at about 90 ° C.}

"Hexolites" are mixtures of "hexogens or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine" and "tolite" or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. These mixtures in which the tolite plays the role of the explosive binder for the hexogen particles are used for loads of different ammunition such as grenades, bombs, mines, etc. used. Hexolite is usually made by mixing hexogen and molten tolite and casting the mixture in a desired shape at a temperature above the melting point of the Tolits.

This type of manufacture requires the fulfillment of two opposing conditions, and that must on the one hand, the viscosity of the mixture must be sufficiently low for casting, while on the other hand the concentration of the hexogen, which is the most powerful explosive in the mixture, the greatest Part of the molten tolite is present in crystallized form and should be as high as possible.

To increase the hexogen content in the hexolite, the crystallized hexogen is generally left in sediment liquid tolite and uses only the lower part of the hexol thus obtained, in which the Hexogen content is highest.

One of the methods used to date to increase the hexogen content in the hexolite is the simultaneous use of hexogen with different Grain sizes that are coarse, medium, and fine, leaving the spaces between the coarser ones

^{because the one in it}

Hexogens were used, which were obtained by mixing fractions with more than 60 percent by weight of grains of a size over 500 μτη with fractions that are at least 80% of grains with a size below 300 ^ m exist.

There were also mixtures of coarse grain

Hexogen with a grain size of 315 to 800 μm and

Fine-grain hexogen proposed with a maximum grain size below 200 μπι. With a mix of these

two Hexogsne in a weight ratio of 60/40 in a 70/30 hexolite (70 percent by weight hexogen to 30 percent by weight of tolite), products with a viscosity of 9 seconds (measured with the EFFLUX viscometer at 85 ° C) and a density of 1.75 in the lower half of the charge obtained after pouring in vacuum and sedimentation be achieved.

There were also often mixtures of different fractions with grain sizes of 630/1000 μm 100/200 μηι or 0/100 μηι used.

The viscosity of 60/20/20 mixtures of such fractions with tolite in the ratio 75/25 (75% Hexogen to 25% tolite) takes 16 to 24 seconds (measured with the EFFLUX viscometer at 85 ° C).

As mentioned above, it is in the manufacturing process such mixtures required to achieve a maximum hexogen density of the charge, according to the Pour to perform a sedimentation of the molten mixture. Only the lower part will then used for the explosive charge, while the remaining "protruding" part was recovered and is melted again in a mixture with a new amount of hexolite.

It is now evident, however, that the viscosity of the hexolites increases as a result of repeated melting. These The phenomenon called "degradation" depends on the number of meltings that have already taken place. Depending on the melting temperature and the duration of melting, it can move more or less quickly Appear,

In addition, it should be noted that the hexolites supplied to the manufacturer as starting material for the production of explosive charges have undergone a melting * process to coat the hexogen with tolite, which clearly shows the importance of the stability of the viscosity during melting,
It has now been found that the partial or

complete replacement of the fine-grain hexogen fraction of these mixtures by a fine-grained fraction of »octogenes or cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine surprisingly brings about the same grain size with otherwise unchanged conditions, that said phenomenon of degradation, which results in an increase in viscosity with successive Melting processes expresses, is greatly reduced or even suppressed.

In particular, the fine-grain hexogen fraction, which makes up 10 to 50% of the total hexogen, can be whole or partially replaced by a fine-grain octogen fraction, with the optimal proportion of the exchange t5 is between 15 and 25% of the total hexogen

The hexogen introduced into the molten tolite may have previously been coated with tolite, what its sensitivity diminishes.

It is also possible to replace the fine-grain hexogen fraction in whole or in part with an equivalent Replace that fraction by common crystallization of hexogen and octogen in a middle Quantity ratio of 75/25 is formed, which varies from 60/40 to 85/15. Marked with "Hexo-Okto" Crystals are made especially during the manufacture of octogen, starting from nitric acid and hexamethylenetetramine, obtained, but not directly with that used according to claim 1 Grain size.

The test results summarized in the table below illustrate those in Application of the invention to hexogen-tolite mixtures with a weight ratio of 75/25 achieved improvements.

Tabel

attempt Grain size distribution of the hexogen 100 μm Octagon share in the total Viscosity (EFFLUX) 2. enamel 3. Enamel No. amount of hexogen + octogen occurrence occurrence 630 to 800μΐη 100 to 200μπι Obis 0 to 100 μπι 100 to 200 μπι 1. enamel occurrence

1
2

5
6th

7th
8th

65
65

60
60

55
55

60
60

60

30th 30th

30th 30th

30th 30th

20th 20th

5
0

10
0

15th
0

20th 0

20th

0
5

0
10

0
15th

0 20th

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

20th

17.6
14.7 19.2
16.0 24.2
22.0 12.5
11.3 15.1
13.3 22.4
16.1 29.9
22.2 40
25.8 120
29.2 17.6
16.9 19.2
15.7 24.2
17.7

15.8

16.2

18.4

♦) Experiments with 73/27 hexahetes.

These attempts were carried out with each remelting of the same hexolite, thereby completely comparable results could be obtained. It is clear that industrially only the »protruding Portion «is melted several times.

A comparison of tests 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 shows in all cases that the viscosity increases during the remelting processes is greatly reduced by adding octogen. Attempt Nf. 9 also shows that the octogen fraction introduced can have a grain size of 100 to 200 μm, «is

An experiment carried out with a mixture containing 23% tolite shows that the viscosity is at such a low tolite content remains usefully low. The tolite content of the mixture can be used when admitting higher viscosities are reduced, then tio the use of special sedimentation processes such as centrifugation or vibration processes are required Are and the tolite portion is reduced to about 10% Can be.

As an example, in the table below for the <i ^; s Experiments 3, 4, 5 and 6 the percentage loss of flowability based on the flowability during the first melting is given.

Attempt no.
3 4

Feet- -21% -18% -34% -16%
loss at

1. Melting

Feet- -79% -43% -300% -32%

Loss at (mini

2. Melting times)

From the values for experiments 4 and 6 with the mixtures according to the invention it is clear that the properties can be significantly improved by octogen.

Such an improvement would also be at 75/25 · " Hexolites by replacing the fine-grain hexogen fraction with the above-mentioned, with "HoxoOkto" designated product of the common or »syncrystallization« Achieved by Hexogen and Octogen. The following are the results of two tests carried out with this product specified.

Grain size of the explosive

630/800 100/200

Hexogen Hexo / Octo

0/100
Hexo / Octo

Viscosity (EFFLUX)

1. Melting 2. Melting

9O ⁰ C

3, melting
90 ° C

60
60

20th
20th

20th
20th

13.4
15.0

13.4
14.6

A remarkable stabilization of the viscosity with repeated melting is thus observed.

The tests were also carried out on mixtures which crystallized only two grain sizes Contained explosives in order to clearly demonstrate the generality of the invention. In particular the following mixtures compared, of which only the composition of the crystallized Explosives is indicated. Tolit was always present in amounts of 25 percent by weight.

Crystallized explosives

Hexogen
800/1000 [in

Hexogen
0/200 μπι

viscosity

I. Melting Z Melting S. Melting
90 ° C

Zen
85 ° C

Zen
90 ° C

40

Octogen
0/200 μπι
40

22.5
19.8

24.0
19.4

30.2
22.0

It has also been observed that the temperature at which the first shrinking process takes place is an important one Role with regard to the further development of the viscosity during subsequent melting processes. The values given below as an example illustrate this result.

Octogen content *)
of the total
from Hexogen Temperature at Melting process 3. Melting Viscosity (EFFLUX! 2. Melting 3. Melting + Octogen 1. Melting 2. Melting 1. Melting 0 90 ° C 19.2 24.2 20th 85 ° C 90 ° C 90 ° C 17.6 16.2 18.4 0 85 ° C 90 ° C 90 ° C 15.8 30th 30th 20th 90 ° C 90 ° C 90 ° C 17.7 17.8 21.2 90 ° C 90 ° C 15.8

*) The octogen used had a grain size of 100 to 200 μm.

It can be seen that the implementation of the first melting process at about 85 ° C, the viscosities significantly decreased during the second and third melting processes.

By comparing Vercuche 1 and 3 on the one hand and 2 and 4 on the other hand from Table 1 it can also be seen that the aging occurs from the first melting on, which is the Production of an ammunition laaaung is carried out, and that this phenomenon is caused by the introduction of a fine-grain octogen instead of hexogen is weakened with the same grain size.

It is about the same aging effect. The process referred to here as the first melting process is in fact already the second, since the envelope of Hexogen and Oktogen with Tolit already represents the first melting process.

From the foregoing it follows that the replacement of part of the hexogen in the hexolites with a fine-grained one Octugene fraction, the grain size of which is essentially smaller than that of the hexogen, the following Improvements brings with it:

Decrease in viscosity in the molten state;

Reduction of the appearance of the "Degradation", which is otherwise expressed in an increase in viscosity, which makes pouring completely impossible can make;

Improvement of the sedimentation of the crystalline explosive in the molten tolite, which the Increased density of the most explosive material in the lower layers of the explosive mixture;

Economic efficiency by reducing the "excess portion";

Improvement of the detonation speed by around 100 m / sec for 40% octogen, which is the Compensated for the increased price of the octogen compared to the hexogen and

the possibility of using an inexpensive by-product, the above with "Hexo-Okto" is designated.

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Pourable explosives mixture on the Bas.s VOBι trinitrotoluene and the crystallized explosives Hexogen and Octogen, g e ken η _z eichnet with a content of 10 to 60 percent by weight Trin.troto uol and 40 to 90 percent by weight of crystallized explosives, with 10 to DO percent by weight of crystallized Explosives made from octogenes of one grain size between 0 and 200 μτη and the remainder from hexogen