DE2356003A1 - DEVICE FOR HEATING OR ANNEALING OF STRANDED GOODS - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney

Dipl.-Math. S. Knefel

633 Wetzlar

Wertherstrasse 25 - P.O. Box 1924

Telephone C06441) 46330 2356003

HENRICH KG, machines for the wire industry, 6349 Hörbach

Device for heating or annealing strand-like material

The invention relates to a device for heating and / or Annealing of strand-like material, such as wires, strands, ropes, rods, ribbons or the like, in the following for the sake of simplicity referred to as wire, preferably of aluminum wires, in which the wire is heated by resistance and the current is with it The wire is supplied with the aid of electrolytes arranged in containers.

The technology today is more and more to use aluminum wires instead of the previous copper wires. At the When such wires are drawn in a wire drawing machine, deposits remain on the wire to a greater extent, which are in the consist essentially of drawing agent residues and material abrasion (flakes). Due to the particularly strong tendency of aluminum to oxidize, they are also very resistant and high-resistance oxide layers present. These deposits and oxide layers are also characterized by uneven distribution over the wire surface.

609820/1085 with *

In the conventional resistance annealing process, the wire is for the purpose of power transmission via contact roller]! guided. This type of power supply is not possible with aluminum wire, because the residues adhering to the wire are deposited on the running surface of the contact discs and after a short running time prevent current transfer due to their insulating effect.

A previous cleaning of the wire (chemically, mechanically or the like) is ruled out because of the desired high working speed among other things the representation of the required treatment times is not possible.

By taking appropriate measures, it is possible to remove these deposits to be removed continuously from the contact disk running surface during operation, but it also occurs Another disadvantage is that due to the fluctuating contact resistance between wire and contact roller, conditioned The impurities and oxide layers on the wire surface cause sparks to form. By such sparking the surface of the wire is damaged, and due to the erosion effect, material is removed from the surface the contact roller, which makes it unusable after an extremely short running time.

Therefore attempts have been made to make a wire resistor to heat the electric current with the help of To supply electrolytes. With such a power supply, no sparks can occur. However, it turns out that in the devices belonging to the prior art, the power supply and thus the annealing temperature are insufficient

609820/1085

can be kept constant what happens when glowing Aluminum wires because of the steep course of the temperature-expansion curve makes it particularly unpleasant; d. H. The smallest temperature fluctuations in the annealing zone lead to considerable Differences in the elongation at break of the wire. You therefore get different and uncontrollable annealing results, which can be seen, for example, as different strength, elongation and electrical conductivity values of the wire to make noticable.

The object of the invention is the power supply and thus the To keep the annealing temperature of the wire constant.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the wire, at least in the annealing zone, is vertical or inclined Direction runs, in such a way that he always comes from the first Contact container exits running upwards and enters the second contact container running downwards that the Containers are arranged accordingly and have an overflow. This becomes a heating section in both containers a precisely defined liquid level is obtained. This training therefore ensures an exactly constant Annealing path length between the containers in contrast to the known devices in which the wire runs horizontally and therefore at the exit and entry points of the container electrolyte from the containers in the direction of the resistance section exit. This increases the length of the annealing path in falsified in an uncontrollable manner. Especially when the wire starts to vibrate, it dips in these facilities more or less much into the exiting electrolyte jet. In addition, there is a risk that the exit and entry

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clog points of entry during operation due to sludge, deposits and the like and thus the exiting beam is changed in its size and its course, which also makes the length of the annealing path uncontrollable is changed. This problem can not be solved by the fact that the entry and exit points to Example to be sealed. With an effective seal, the frictional forces at these points are so great that that in particular wires of low strength, such as aluminum wires, stretched and caused by the friction that Wire surfaces are damaged. In addition, such seals are subject to, especially at the desired high throughput speeds and when using aggressive electrolysis, particularly severe wear and tear, which in turn a special maintenance effort and increased operational uncertainty has the consequence.

In the arrangement according to the invention, the electrolyte tends to move counter to the direction of movement due to gravity of the wire when it exits the first electrolyte container to run back into this, so that the wire itself only little electrolyte adheres, which results in a significantly lower heating power.

In addition, it has been found that the electrolyte adhering to the wire has a very strong influence on keeping it constant the annealing temperature has. During the heating of the wire, the adhering electrolyte must be evaporated. Apart from that from the fact that for this reason an increased heating power is required this fact leads to considerable fluctuations in the wire temperature; especially if the

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The amount of electrolyte adhering to the wire is not constant. This in turn is always the case, because vibrations of the Wire, more, more or less electrolyte due to different surface structure of the wire and the like is carried away from the contact container.

/ By evaporating the electrolyte, bake on the wire surface In addition, electrolyte residues are found, which in the second contact bath and thus an uneven current transfer result in uneven annealing temperatures.

To avoid the above-mentioned temperature fluctuations in the wire and To avoid the resulting effects, it is necessary to keep the liquid adhering to the wire still on Remove the cold wire as much as possible before it enters the actual temperature phase, which is the second part of the process Annealing zone.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the following measures that can be used individually or together can come:

1. It is behind the first contact bath of a heating section a scraper is provided.

2. It is behind the first contact bath of a heating section a blow-off nozzle is provided.

3. It is behind the first contact bath of a heating section a pulley for the wire with a collecting device is provided. Using the centrifugal effect the liquid adhering to the wire is thrown off as it runs over the pulley and from the collecting channel caught.

INSPECTED 509820/1085

The collecting ring is arranged around the deflection roller or designed in such a way that it absorbs the thrown off liquid discharges via a return at its lowest point. In the places where the wire passes through the ring, there are sleeves used, which protrude into the inner groove of the collecting rings, so that the electrolyte accumulating in the groove cannot run through the wire openings but only flows off through the return.

Throwing off the liquid with the help of centrifugal force is of general importance. Such a measure can be provided wherever liquid is to be removed from the wire, for example also behind the second Contact container or behind a subsequent flushing section and the like.

For the simple insertion of the wire around the deflection roller, the collecting ring can be designed to be divisible, for example hinged be.

The invention is also not intended to address the above-mentioned options for removing the electrolyte from the wire be bound in the order mentioned.

The vertical or inclined arrangement of the electrolyte container has the further advantage that the wire does not sag the electrolyte containers is avoided. This has a number of advantages. So there will be a chafing of the wire Avoided at the entry and exit points, in particular the electrolyte containers can be open to the annealing section, so that there is no friction here. Furthermore, the uneven current transfer from the electrodes to the wire

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with sagging wire, due to the different Distance from the top and bottom of the wire to the electrodes is avoided. According to the invention, the electrodes can have a circular cross-section and the wire runs in the Axis of each electrode. Finally, we'd compare the frictional resistance of the wire in the wire compared to a sagging wire Electrolytes decreased and finally a flutter of the wire avoided when passing through the electrolyte container.

In addition, the vertical arrangement is chosen in order to Deposits of residues and other parts dissolved in the electrolyte in the contact container and here mainly on exclude the electrodes. Apart from the fact that if the contact container is dirty, repeated cleaning is required, such sludge deposits lead to uneven current transfer and thus to temperature changes in the wire. With the prior art horizontal arrangement of the containers, the deposits collect in the lower part of the container and cover the electrode here. This makes the current transfer from the electrode to the wire progressively worse with increasing deposit, and it results over the cross-section of the contact bath and thus of the wire an uneven distribution of electricity.

With the vertical arrangement of the contact container according to the invention these residues cannot settle on the electrodes. Rather, they will keep up with the after Electrolyte flowing down through the inlet or outlet opening carried out of the container.

In order to also remove such deposits in the lower part of the container.

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avoid, the lower outlet openings are conical in a further embodiment of the invention.

From the named points of view, the exact vertical arrangement of the containers and the wire is the best possible Solution. An inclined arrangement of the container and the wire can therefore be provided to prevent that the electrolyte fluid, which is constantly escaping from the lower container openings through which the wire is passed, on deflection rollers and the like drips and this slows down and sticks, which leads to a Wire breakage.

According to the invention is between the electrolyte containers in the annealing section, as already stated, a deflection roller is provided. Such a wire deflection is generally rejected because the wire is particularly sensitive along the annealing section. However, it has been found that such Deflection roller except for the reasons already mentioned is then even advantageous if it is arranged so that the The deflection takes place in the first part of the annealing section, ideally immediately after the first contact point, and the Roller is driven. In the course of the annealing section, the wire increases from its initial temperature to its maximum Temperature heated, reaching the maximum temperature immediately before entering the second contact bath. A driven pulley in the first part of the annealing section does not have any negative effects on the wire because it in this area, due to the low temperature present here, is still insensitive. But she has the advantage that the wire, resulting from the looping

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509) 820/11 (D) SS

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In addition, such! © Ilen * as already stated * for this purpose »the ones adhering to the wire are used Throwing off liquid.

The electrolyte container and / or the guide roller can be designed to be height-adjustable "in order to be able to adjust the length of the resistance section". This allows the device to be easily adapted to different materials, cross-sections of the material to be annealed and requirements with regard to the annealing result.

To make it easier to insert the wire into the container, is provided in a further embodiment of the invention, this to train hinged. It has been particularly useful turned out to be two nested around the container axis to provide mutually rotatable tubes, which longitudinal of a surface line each have a slot. To insert of the wire, the slots are turned over one another. To to the. Inserting the pipes are twisted against each other, by one Ensure sealing.

A further step towards achieving the object according to the invention consists in providing means and measures which ensure that the electrical power required to keep the temperature constant is always supplied to the wire. So it is inevitable, for example, that during! the operation changes the conductivity of the electrolyte; feedüngt entrained by the wire and-enhancing aibla-in electrolyte contaminants, by chemical processes C ^zumi Example electrolysis)., by concentration changes (for example by evaporation and drag-out),

by temperature changes in the electrolyte and the like

These phenomena are related to the task according to the invention, namely to keep the power supply constant and thus the annealing temperature of the wire.

According to the invention, the following further measures are provided in this regard:

1. Cleaning the electrolyte to keep the conductivity constant.

2. Keeping the electrolyte temperature constant in order to keep the conductivity constant.

3. Continuous or at intervals measuring the conductivity of the electrolyte in order to initiate countermeasures in the event of deviations from the target value.

4. Electric current control to keep the Power supply to the wire to be glowed when the conductivity of the electrolyte and / or the wire changes.

The measures according to points 1 and 2 can be implemented according to the invention include in an advantageous manner in the circulation of the electrolyte.

The measures according to points 1 to 4 can be carried out individually and / or can be applied in part and / or jointly.

In addition to electrical current regulation, it can also be advantageous to provide electrical voltage regulation, to compensate for voltage fluctuations and the resulting temperature fluctuations.

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To the same. For this purpose, electrical power or temperature control can also be provided for the wire to be glowed be.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided a To use electrolytes, which at the same time have a pickling effect on the wire and, so to speak, pickle it brightly, what also has a positive effect on the current transfer. If one uses an alternating current, then one becomes according to the Frequency of the alternating current and depending on the electrolyte used detect pulsating pickling and / or oxidation on the wire. When using a direct current leaves It can be achieved that the wire is either pickled in the individual contact containers, depending on the electrolyte used and the polarity or anodic oxidation takes place.

In principle, different electrolytes can be used in the containers. Furthermore, it can be provided to let the strand-like material run between the containers through a protective atmosphere in order to react with the ambient air to prevent.

It has also been found that when the hot wire enters the contact liquid in the area of the electrolyte surface a glow occurs, which leads to extremely large fluctuations in the current transmission to the wire and thus leads to temperature fluctuations in the wire.

According to the invention, a related constant maintenance of the Heating temperature achieved in that at the point of entry of the hot wire into the electrolyte in concentrated

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ter way electrolyte is supplied, and the electrode already ends below the entry point. In this way the appearance of lighting up at this point is prevented.

It is particularly advantageous if the electrolyte supplied here has a much lower temperature than the wire temperature at this point, and if a faster Electrolyte throughput is shown in this area.

This is achieved in the simplest possible way that the supply of the electrolyte in the contact containers in the immediate Near the point of entry of the hot wire. In a special embodiment is the actual contact container on the entry side of the hot wire there is an additional short electrolyte path upstream, which extends into the Contact container is introduced. This additional electrolyte line can for example consist of a tube, the electrolyte is supplied separately. For this pipe is according to the invention a small cross-section selected in order to achieve the fastest possible flow of electrolyte.

In a modified form or as a supplement, a corresponding trained pressure spray nozzle are provided, the exiting jet runs in the direction of the wire and in the second contact bath of the annealing section. This nozzle can also be designed so that the intensity of the pressure jet and thus the throughput can be adjusted is.

In the same way, gaseous ones can also be used for this purpose

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Substances such as compressed air or a reducing gas can be used.

The electrolyte supply to the actual contact container can take place independently; however, the upper electrolyte overflow can also be used and / or the lower electrolyte outlet of the upstream cooling device for feeding the contact container to be used.

The electrolyte supplied here can have the same temperature as that supplied to the actual contact bath; he however, it can also have a different temperature.

Keeping the electrolyte temperature constant as described above can also be provided to keep the quenching effect on the hot wire constant or the temperature profile of the wire depending on the electrolyte temperature.

The measures described can also be used with electrolytes that are environmentally friendly.

The device is used for heating or annealing of strand-like material is advantageous in connection with an upstream drawing machine, such as a wire drawing machine and a downstream extruder and / or winder.

It can be seen that many of the measures mentioned to achieve the object of the invention do not follow the basic idea of the present Invention, namely to let the wire run vertically through the annealing section, are bound. It will therefore

509820/1085

ORfGfNAL INSPECTED

expressly emphasizes that the measures listed to keep the temperature of the wire constant along the annealing section is of independent importance.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing shown, namely show:

1 shows a view of the device for annealing a wire, partly in section;

FIG. 2 shows a modified detail of FIG. 1; FIG.

3 shows a section along the line III-III of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a modified detail of FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 6 shows a modified detail of FIG. 1; FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a modified detail of FIG. 1.

The wire 1 emerging from a wire drawing machine, not shown, is moved vertically by a pulley 2 Direction steered and enters through an opening 3 in an electrolyte container 4. It passes through this container 4 and is fed to a second electrolyte container 6 through a deflection roller 5. Through a lower opening 7 occurs Wire from the container 6 and leaves the device via a roller 8. The rollers 2, 5 and 8 are driven to to relieve the wire in particular along the annealing path between the containers 4 and 6.

509820/1085

Om INSPECTED

The electrolyte containers 4 and 6 are, as not shown in detail has been adjustable in height. Likewise, the roller 5 and also the rollers 2 and 8 can be adjusted in height to change the length of the annealing path between the containers and 6. In each container are the same as for the container 4, electrodes 9 are provided which are connected to a power source 10. The electrodes 9 can also at the same time form the electrolyte container.

An electrolyte is continuously supplied to the electrolyte container 4 via a connection 11. This occurs over the upper one Edge 12 of the container 4 and is caught in an overflow 13 to then pass through a pipe 14 into a storage container to flow away. The outflowing electrolyte is again pumped into the container 4 via the pipe 11. In this cycle Means can be provided for cooling and / or cleaning and / or measuring or monitoring the properties of the Electrolytes, such as concentration, conductivity, pH and the like.

A corresponding arrangement has been made for the container 6.

Since it can hardly be avoided that 3 drops of electrolyte through the opening exit, another drain 15 is provided.

Due to the overflows of the two containers, the length of the annealing path is exactly defined, as the electrolyte surfaces 12 sand always aligned horizontally and can be adjusted so that they do not fluctuate in their level.

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The containers 4 and 6 are circular in cross-section, and the electrodes 9 surround the wire in an annular manner, i.e., around it always has the same distance from the electrodes, so that a uniform current transfer in the electrolyte container 4 and 6 to the continuous wire takes place.

According to FIG. 2, the wire 1 is guided through a container 24, which is arranged at an angle. The liquid emerging from the inlet opening 23 now drips into Direction of arrow 25 and can not reach the roller 2 and this may stick or slow down. A corresponding arrangement can be provided for the second electrolyte container. The container 24 can be in his other training correspond to the container 4.

As can be seen from Fig. 3, the electrolyte container consists of two mutually twisted tubes 30 and 31, wherein the tube 31 can be designed as an electrode which each have a slot 32 and 33 along a surface line. To insert the wire into the container, the tubes are rotated so far that the slots 32 and 33 are superimposed. After inserting the wire, the tubes 30 and 31 are used Example rotated into the position of FIG. 3, in which no liquid can escape through the slots.

The electrolyte containers 4 and 6 run at their lower ends 33 and 34 conically. Sludge or the like located in the electrolyte is in this way with the electrolyte carried out of the containers through the openings 3 and 7 and cannot settle in these.

509820/1085

Above the electrolyte container 4 is first of all a scraper 35 is provided, which strips off the electrolyte liquid adhering to the wire. In addition is behind the scraper 35, a blow-off nozzle 36 is provided, which can be designed, for example, according to FIG. 7, when inserted into the opening 37 Air is pressed.

Remaining liquid particles are thrown off by the wire due to the centrifugal force when it passes over the pulley 5. So that these liquid particles do not rewire the wire in the actual annealing zone, i.e. above the Meet the electrolyte container 6, a collecting ring 38 is placed around the roller 5 (see. Also Fig. 4). The liquid particles collect here in a channel 39, run downwards and via a drain 40 back into the storage container. In order to no running liquid can escape through the wire inlet and outlet openings 41 and 42 are shown in FIG These openings are arranged tubes 43 and 44, which engage with their upper part through the ring 38, so that the running in the ring Liquid must pass the tubes 43 and 44.

To protect the wire in the annealing section from atomized electrolyte and / or to create a protective atmosphere around the wire build, can be arranged between the roller 5 and the container 6, for example, a tube 60 through which the Wire runs.

When the wire has passed the annealing section, it enters the electrolyte container 6. When entering the electrolyte there is a light up in the immediate vicinity of the wire

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in the liquid surface. It was found that by this lighting up the current transition is strongly falsified.

In order to prevent the lighting up, according to FIG. 5, an additional tube 51 opens into the electrolyte container 6 through which the wire 1 enters the container 6. Electrolyte is constantly fed into the tube 51 via a valve 52 and a tube connection 53 the actual container 6 pressed. The tube 51 has relatively small cross-section in order to obtain a high flow rate of the electrolyte and thus a good cooling effect.

At 54 the electrolyte comes out of the container 6 again, to be pumped again and cooled via the pipe 53 into the container to become.

Because of the small cross section of the tube 51, not enough electrolyte can sometimes be fed to the container 6.

According to FIG. 6, a further connection 55 is therefore provided via which electrolyte is additionally pumped into the container 6 will.

Instead of the tube 51, a nozzle according to FIG. 7 can also be used provide. The wire 1 is introduced into the container 6 in the axis of the nozzle. Through the openings 37 one can Press electrolyte with a violent jet from the nozzle opening 46 exits and penetrates deep into the liquid arranged in the container 6.

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Claims (30)

Claims 1. Device for heating and / or annealing strand-like Good, such as wires, strands, ropes, rods, tapes or the like, preferably made of aluminum wires the wire is heated by resistance and the current is fed to the wire with the help of electrolytes arranged in containers is fed, characterized in that the wire (1) vertically or in an inclined direction at least in the annealing zone runs, in such a way that it emerges from the first contact container (4) running upwards and into the second contact container (6) enters downward so that the containers (4, 6) are arranged accordingly and an overflow (13). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that seen in the running direction of the wire at least behind the first container (4) a liquid scraper and / or a fan or the like is provided. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (9) arranged in the containers are circular-r have a shaped cross-section and the wire runs approximately in the axis of each electrode (9). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire between the containers via a pulley (5) is guided and the pulley (5) is driven. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that around the deflection roller (5) a collecting ring (38) for the thrown off Liquid is provided. 509820/10 8 5 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the collecting ring (38) in the lower part has a drain (40) and that means are provided which allow the collected liquid to flow back through the passage openings prevent for the strand-like material. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that at the points of passage for the strand-like material in Collecting ring tubes are arranged that extend so far into the liquid-carrying channel of the collecting ring, that their upper edge is higher than the liquid level in this gutter. 8. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the deflection roller (5) behind the first container (4) in the vicinity of which is arranged at least in the first part of the route between two contact baths. 9. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized * that at least one of the containers (4, 6) and / or the pulley (5) are adjustable in height. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers are designed to be hinged. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized by two nested tubes (30, 31) which are mutually rotatable about the container axis and which along a surface line each have a slot (32, 33). 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers (4, 6) taper conically at the bottom. 5098 20/108 5 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a Measuring and regulating device for keeping the current supply to the wire constant. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a measuring and control device for keeping the constant Wire temperature along the annealing section. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a measuring and control device for keeping the constant Temperature of the electrolyte. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterized by a device measuring the conductivity of the electrolyte, which regulates the supply of electrical power to the annealing section and / or the power supply. 17. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the use of an electrolyte of great electrical Conductivity. 18. The device according to claim 1, in which the electrolyte is circulated, characterized by a cleaning device in the circulation circuit. 19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wire is pickled in the electrolyte baths. 20. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the use an alternating current. 21. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the 509820/1085 application of a direct current and in that at least a contact point is switched so that the electrolyte pickles the strand-like material bright. 22. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that different electrolytes in the containers (4, 6) be used. . 23. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the strand-like material in the free part of the annealing section after the deflection is surrounded by a protective jacket, for example a pipe. 24. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the strand-like material between the containers in one Protective atmosphere is running. 25. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the use of environmentally friendly electrolytes, such as Example of an electrolyte that reacts neutrally to the outside world. 26. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second contact bath (6) has a heating section Electrolyte line is upstream without an electrode. 27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the upstream electrolyte path from a tube (51) protruding into the container (6) is relatively small Cross-section exists, which is continuously supplied with electrolyte will. 509820/1085 28. The device according to claim 26, characterized by one in the running direction of the wire on the wire entry point nozzle (46) spraying into the second container (6). 29. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the electrolyte in the upstream in the second container (6) Section is cooled or that this section is continuously supplied with cooled electrolyte and / or that a faster throughput of the electrolyte takes place in this area. 30. The device according to claim 1, characterized by the use in connection with an upstream drawing machine, such as a wire drawing machine and a downstream extruder and / or winder. 509820/108 5