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DE2355680A1 - Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel - Google Patents

Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel

Info

Publication number
DE2355680A1
DE2355680A1 DE19732355680 DE2355680A DE2355680A1 DE 2355680 A1 DE2355680 A1 DE 2355680A1 DE 19732355680 DE19732355680 DE 19732355680 DE 2355680 A DE2355680 A DE 2355680A DE 2355680 A1 DE2355680 A1 DE 2355680A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
amplifiers
amplifier
signal
voltage
signal source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19732355680
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Franz-Josef Dipl Phys Landwehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19732355680 priority Critical patent/DE2355680A1/en
Publication of DE2355680A1 publication Critical patent/DE2355680A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/26Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B15/00Suppression or limitation of noise or interference

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The amplifier for voltage or current measurement incorporates a signal source and two or more parallel connected amplifiers, whose outputs are connected with an adder, which is in turn connected with a measuring device. The amplifiers are all similar. this arrangement has the advantage of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor approximately equal to the square root of the number of amplifiers. The method is useful for determining a very small current or voltage and lengthens the periodicity of the fluctuations.

Description

betreffendconcerning

Verstärkerschaltung zur Messung elektrischer Spannungen oder . . . ■ - - . Ströme ■ Amplifier circuit for measuring electrical voltages or . . . ■ - -. Currents ■

In der modernen Meßtechnik ist häufig die Aufgabe gestellt, sehr kleine Spannungen zu messen. In vielen Fällen stört dabei die vom Meßverstärker erzeugte Rauschspannung.In modern measurement technology, the task is often set to measure very small voltages. In many cases this is annoying the noise voltage generated by the measuring amplifier.

Bei Signalen, die.sich periodisch exakt wiederholen, kann bekanntermaßen das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis dadurch verbessert werden, daß entweder das Meßsignal mittels Filter gegenüber dem breitbandigeren Rauschen angehoben wird oder das Gesamtsignal - das aus Meßsignal und Verstärkerrauschen besteht in numerische Werte umgesetzt wird und diejenigen Vierte addiert werden, die in Zeitpunkten anfallen, an denen das Meßsignal aufgrund seiner Periodizitat korrespondierende Werte aufweist. Bei letzterem Verfahren erhält das Summensignal nach η Additionen das η-fache des Meßsignals und das Tri-fache des Rauschsignals, so daß das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis um den Faktor ΎΈ? verbessert wird. Beide Verfahren haben sich - einzeln oder kombiniert angewandt - zwar bewährt, doch haftet ihnen der Nachteil an, daß eine Verbesserung des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses um den Faktor r eine Verlängerung de r erforderlichen MeßzeitIn the case of signals which repeat themselves periodically exactly, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved, as is known, by either increasing the measurement signal by means of a filter in relation to the broadband noise or converting the total signal, which consists of the measurement signal and amplifier noise, into numerical values and those fourths are added which occur at times at which the measurement signal has corresponding values due to its periodicity. In the latter method, after η additions, the sum signal receives η times the measurement signal and triple the noise signal, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by the factor ΎΈ? is improved. Both methods have proven themselves - applied individually or in combination - but they have the disadvantage that an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio by the factor r increases the required measurement time

um den Faktor r bedingt.conditional by the factor r.

/2/ 2

S O 9 8 2 Q / Q 5 4 2S O 9 8 2 Q / Q 5 4 2

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verstärkerschaltung zum Messen elektrischer Spannungen oder Ströme zu schaffen, die eine Verbesserung des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses ohne zusätzlichen Zeitaufwand ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of an amplifier circuit to measure electrical voltages or currents to create an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio made possible without additional expenditure of time.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Signalquelle an zwei oder mehrere parallel geschaltete Verstärker angeschlossen ist, deren Ausgänge mit einem Addierer verbunden sind, an dessen Ausgang der Eingang eines Meßgerätes liegt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the signal source is connected to two or more in parallel Amplifier is connected, the outputs of which are connected to an adder, at the output of which the input of a Measuring device lies.

Die Erfindung beruht auf folgenden Überlegungen: Das Rauschen eines jeden. Verstärkers stellt einen statistischen Vorgang dar, der von dem jedes anderen Verstärkers - auch des gleichen Typs - unabhängig ist. Die Rauschspannungen zweier Verstärker sind demnach zwei völlig unkorrelierte statistische Signale. Addiert man die Rauschspannung von N gleichen Verstärkern, so erhält man eine Rauschspannung, deren Effektivwert nur das yiP-fache der Rauschspannung jedes einzelnen Verstärkers beträgt, während das Meßsignal durch die Addition auf das N-fache angehoben wird. Damit ist eine weitere Möglichkeit gegeben, das Verhältnis von Meßsignal und Verstärkerrauschen zu verbessern: Führt man das Meßsignal gleichzeitig N Verstärkern zu und addiert deren Aus gangs signale, so erhält man ein Summen-Signal, das ein um den Faktor YW verbessertes Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis aufweist. Zur weiteren Verbesserung kann zusätzlich Filterung und/oder Mittelwertsbildung entsprechend den kannten Verfahren angewandt werden.The invention is based on the following considerations: The noise of everyone. Amplifier represents a statistical process that is independent of that of any other amplifier - even of the same type. The noise voltages of two amplifiers are therefore two completely uncorrelated statistical signals. If you add the noise voltage of N identical amplifiers, you get a noise voltage whose rms value is only yiP times the noise voltage of each individual amplifier, while the measurement signal is increased by the addition to N times. This provides a further possibility of improving the ratio of measurement signal and amplifier noise: If the measurement signal is fed to N amplifiers at the same time and their output signals are added, a sum signal is obtained that has a signal-to-noise ratio that is improved by a factor of YW. Has ratio. For further improvement, filtering and / or averaging can be used in accordance with the known methods.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird bei gleicher Meßzeit das insgesamt erzielte Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren um den Faktor YW verbessert oder die zur Erzielung des gleichen Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses erforderliche Meßzeit um den Faktor pr verkürzt.With the method according to the invention, the overall signal-to-noise ratio achieved is improved by the factor YW compared to the known methods, or the measuring time required to achieve the same signal-to-noise ratio is shortened by the factor pr, with the same measuring time.

50982Ό/054250982Ό / 0542

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verstärkerschaltung, die sich zur Messung von Spannungen ebenso gut wie zur-Messung von Strömen verwenden läßt, wird im folgenden anhand einer schematisehen Darstellung einer Prinzipschaltung beschrieben.An embodiment of the amplifier circuit according to the invention, which can be used for measuring voltages as well as for measuring currents is described below based on a schematic representation of a basic circuit described.

•Das zu messende Signal einer Signalquelle 1 wird den Eingängen mehrerer parallel zueinander geschalteter Verstärker 3a bis 3d zugeführt, die gängige Meßverstärker geeigneter Art sein können. Die Ausgänge dieser Meßverstärker 3a bis 3d.sind mit den Eingängen eines Addierers 5 verbunden, in dem die Ausgangssignale der Verstärker 3a bis 3d aufaddiert werden. Am Ausgang des Addierers 5 liegt der Eingang 6 eines geeigneten Meßgerätes zum Anzeigen oder Weiterverarbeiten des gemessenen ,Signals.• The signal to be measured from a signal source 1 is sent to the inputs several amplifiers 3a connected in parallel to one another to 3d supplied, which can be common measuring amplifiers of a suitable type. The outputs of these measuring amplifiers 3a to 3d are included connected to the inputs of an adder 5, in which the output signals of the amplifiers 3a to 3d are added up. At the exit of the adder 5 is the input 6 of a suitable measuring device for displaying or further processing the measured signal.

PatentanspruchClaim

509820/0542509820/0542

Claims (2)

PatentansprücheClaims 1. j Verstärkerschaltung zur- Messung elektrischer Spannungen oder Ströme, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Signalquelle an zwei oder mehrere parallel geschaltete Verstärker (3a,3t>»3c,3d) angeschlossen ist, deren Ausgänge (4a, 4b,4c,4d) mit einem Addierer (5) verbunden sind, an dessen Ausgang der Eingang (6) eines Meßgerätes liegt.1. j Amplifier circuit for measuring electrical voltages or currents, characterized in that the signal source is connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel (3a, 3t> »3c, 3d) is connected, the outputs of which (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are connected to an adder (5), at the output of which the input (6) of a measuring device is located. 2. Verstärker nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstärker (3a,3b,3c,3d) gleiciL
sind.
2. Amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplifiers (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) are the same
are.
503820/0542503820/0542
DE19732355680 1973-11-07 1973-11-07 Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel Pending DE2355680A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732355680 DE2355680A1 (en) 1973-11-07 1973-11-07 Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732355680 DE2355680A1 (en) 1973-11-07 1973-11-07 Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2355680A1 true DE2355680A1 (en) 1975-05-15

Family

ID=5897452

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19732355680 Pending DE2355680A1 (en) 1973-11-07 1973-11-07 Amplifier for voltage and current measurement - has signal source connected to two or more amplifiers connected in parallel

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561467A1 (en) * 1984-03-17 1985-09-20 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh PHOTOELECTRIC CURRENT AMPLIFIER

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561467A1 (en) * 1984-03-17 1985-09-20 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh PHOTOELECTRIC CURRENT AMPLIFIER

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