DE2234950A1 - CENTER-AXIS ROTARY PISTON MACHINE WITH A CIRCULAR HOUSING CONTOUR, PREFERRED AS A COMBUSTION MACHINE ACCORDING TO THE GASOLINE OR DIESEL PRINCIPLE - Google Patents

Description

Center-axis rotation piston machine with circular housing contour, preferably as an internal combustion engine according to the Otto or diesel principle the previous state of the art could not yet provide any conclusive evidence for the Superiority compared to the rotary piston machines that have become known in the meantime the most powerful and economical reciprocating piston machines.

A rotary piston machine would only have a clear advantage if it would meet the following conditions: 1. Simple, low-cost construction 2. Appropriate geometry of the housing contact surface to achieve a sufficient Compression ratio for the optional use of the gasoline or diesel principle 3. Simple and safe sealing of the work areas. 4. Valve-free gas exchange system 5. High specific mixture or air throughput. 6. Low power-to-weight ratio.

If this strict standard is applied to the rotary piston machines known so far on, it will be found that not a single one does justice to him.

The machines either fail because of too large a harmful ileum ", which prevents a sufficient compression ratio, or a much too complicated one Tread contour with its considerable disadvantages for the manufacturing effort and for sealing the work rooms.

If a rotary roll machine is reasonably good after years of effort works satisfactorily, this is by no means proof of the technical and economic reason of their conception.-The experience of the past has that already taught.

If one analyzes the essence of the "ideal piston machine" with inner Incineration and one frees oneself from the ballast of the lines and from it caused fallacies, one can clearly see that they are the final stage of development will have achieved when they adhere to the principle of construction in technical terms has optimally approximated the most perfect internal combustion engine, the gas turbine. Amazingly, this compelling logic has not yet been recognized. Also the applicant took years to come to this insight.

The only essential difference then lies in the fact that A turbine is continuous, while the piston engine only flows through it periodically will. Characteristic of the turbine is the high throughput and the low power-to-weight ratio, for the piston engine the high compression and the favorable efficiency.

One advantage of the piston engine that should not be underestimated is that that it has a much lower speed and therefore on high-strength materials as well as costly reduction gears can be dispensed with. That fact makes him especially suitable for installation in vehicles and portable machines.

If you now apply the knowledge gained to the design of the optimal piston engine the basis, one inevitably comes across a rotary piston machine with a turbine-like one Basic shape: The most important component of a rotary piston machine is the housing. It is used to enclose the piston t, the working space, the gas exchange, the heat treatment and the storage of the output shaft.

According to the invention, it is given a circular tread contour.

The next most important part is the piston runner. Kr controls the periodic Gas change, performs the compression and expansion of the charge, generates the torque and transfers it to the output shaft.

to receive according to the invention a cross-like shape and a relation on the housing 1 eccentric rotation axis, all four beam ends of the rotor cross touch the housing contact surface.

All other measures are only of secondary importance and can be varied according to the respective purpose of the motor.

They are primarily used to supplement the piston runner with itself periodically moving, workspace-forming, cylindrical or plate-shaped parts, which must be arranged in the four cross sectors.

According to the invention, the rotary piston machine can be designed in two principal ways Types of execution are built: i. The moving parts are articulated with a eccentrically arranged bearing journals - fixed directly or indirectly to the housing tied together.

2. The moving parts are articulated with a concentrically arranged, connected within the hollow primary shaft, called the} urbellrelle is formed, Both shafts have the same angular velocity, but opposite Sense of rotation. The shafts are coupled by means of spur gears outside the piston rotor area.

The first embodiment is the structurally simpler one. She is suitable especially for the implementation of the two-stroke principle, because achieved with her Each working area has its maximum and minimum volume once for each rotor revolution.

As a result, the ignition and rinsing areas are diametrically opposed to one another fr eniilJer.

A decisive advantage of this principle is that of the invention Possibility of stepless regulation of the compression ratio in a rational way to be realized, regardless of whether the machine is stationary or in operation is.

This method, which is not yet known in engine construction, allows manual or even automatic adjustment of the combustion and work process to changing operating conditions. Among other things, it can also be used to reduce the service life of the machine, especially if it is a diesel engine with its relatively high gas forces and thermal loads.

For this purpose the bearing journal is provided with two eccentric areas provided, which are rotatably mounted in the Gellciusestirnseiten.

By rotating the journal, the eccentricity of its Central axis relative to the axis of rotation of the piston rotor between a maximum and change a minimum, whereby the working space volumes are influenced second embodiment is primarily intended for the implementation of the four-stroke principle, because with it, each working area reaches its maximum twice per rotor revolution and its minimum volume.

As a result, the ignition and gas exchange areas are diametrically opposed to one another opposite to. The same applies to the compression and expansion areas.

The method of stepless regulation of the compression ratio is also possible in this case, but it requires a larger constructive one Effort than with the first type of execution.

The regulation takes place by influencing the joints of the movable ones Runner parts. A measure according to the invention is particularly suitable for such a measure Runner design, namely the articulated plate runner with arched cross.

If you move the inner plate hinges in a tangential direction, then the distance between the joint centers and the Surbel circle changes, and so does that Compression ratio of the machine.

However, this shift can only be carried out when the engine is not running will.

For the sake of simplicity, in this case one would be gradual Regulation preferable.

The torque curve of the two types of execution described shows no fundamental difference, because you get per piston rotor revolution four work cycles at an even angular distance, a single piston rotor causes So in both cases a torque effect similar to that of an eight-cylinder, four-octave reciprocating engine; nevertheless, only one spark plug or injection nozzle is required per rotor.

These facts make the exceptional economy and technical usefulness of the rotary piston machine according to the invention Proven.

The torque and thus the performance of the machine can be multiplied.

There is a uniform tangential offset of the bundle areas advantageous.

Just two rotors enable an approximately balanced torque curve. With four runners, the turbine-like character of the machine is particularly noticeable.

In the interest of a particularly long service life of the machine, it is suggested that to base the pre-calculation on a moderate rotor speed and this throttling by correspondingly enlarging the housing diameter and thus the working space volume to compensate.

If you consider the four cross sectors themselves as laterally closed working chambers forms, allows the "cross ring traveler" according to the invention with a central axis of rotation the waiver of housing side surfaces that limit the working area.

In this way, the turbine similarity becomes that of the invention Rotary piston machine particularly highlighted.

In this case, only a tubular housing is required, whose production costs reach the absolute minimum. That too anyway Even a very low power-to-weight ratio is reduced even further.

The sealing of such a chamber rotor against the housing running surface is completely problem-free because the sliding movement of the four chamber mouths is parallel to the housing contour.

It is just as easy to seal the moving parts against realize the chamber walls because here too only parallel movements occur.

The chamber runner according to the invention is particularly suitable for Use as a replaceable wear part.

The cylindrical running surface of the housing lends itself to an exchange method downright on. It is therefore proposed to separate them from the housing jacket as a relative produce a thin-walled sleeve and insert it into an open-walled sleeve, preferably made of two Insert or insert existing housing in lb.shells.

In order to gain space when linking the required short connecting rods on the journal or the crankshaft is proposed according to the invention, the four sectors of the cross ring traveler either individually or in pairs in the axial direction to move. The use of gift owls can be very beneficial, The extremely low power to weight ratio of the rotary piston machine according to the invention and the controllability of the compression ratio enable the construction of economical Universal piston engines, which can be operated either as gasoline or diesel engines can be and require only a few steps for the respective conversion. pre-condition is of course the presence of the corresponding additional units.

This principle according to the invention is also in the opinion of the applicant not previously known in engine construction.

The following can be considered as the rule ranges: # = 5 ...... 20 (fourfold) # = 7 ...... 21 (threefold) With such a universal internal combustion engine According to the invention, it is a prerequisite that the shape of the movable rotor parts and the possible installation of an antechamber or vortex chamber in the housing according to criteria of the optimal diesel process.

Another advantage of the low power-to-weight ratio is the usability the machine as a gasoline or diesel engine for propeller planes and helicopters. Because of her disapproval, she is able to give the piston engine an easy one to recapture a considerable share from the domain of gas turbine engines.

If one reverses the arrangement of the main parts of the rotary piston machine described um, one obtains a technically very interesting alternative solution according to the invention: Instead of the stator housing you need a central stator ring around which the Cross ring rotor rotates coaxially.

Instead of the journal, a peripheral support ring is preferably used in the form of a circular ring - and instead of the secondary crankshaft a peripheral one Support ring in the form of an ellipse, a basket arch or a spiral curve required.

Instead of the four short connecting rods, four rigid with the movable ones are required Support rollers connected to rotor parts.

If you place the support ring fixed directly or indirectly on the stator ring from two parallel rings together and turn double, axially offset support rollers with two slightly different diameters, there is an inevitable Control of the moving rotor parts analogous to the method of the bearing journal or the secondary crankshaft.

With this alternative solution, too, is the regulation of the compression ratio possible, both with the two-stroke and the four-stroke engine to continuously variable Way. In the first case, the rigid support ring is moved radially to the axis of rotation, in the second case it becomes elastic as a whole or, if necessary, also articulated deformed.

Both control processes can also be used when the piston rotor is rotating take place.

Description of the drawings Figure I: Cross section through a two-stroke engine The cross-ring arc rotor 2 rotates in the stator housing 1, the one with four joint plates 3 is equipped.

Through the short connecting rod 4, the articulation of the hinge plates on the Bearing pin 5 accomplished its eccentricity with respect to the axis of rotation has the dimension "e".

The spark plug 6 can be provided single or double. the Housing opening 7 represents the passage for the combustion gases, the housing bores 8 are used to supply fresh air.

The flushing process is caused by the rotating rotor Centrifugal force favorably influenced. Even so, a purge fan should be very useful be.

Figure II: Longitudinal section through a two-stroke engine, the cross-ring arch runner 2 is designed as a chamber rotor. The hinge plates 3 thus do not need any frontal Housing contact surface.

The fresh air bores 8 are arranged on both sides of the work space and are supplied from the interior of the housing. The distance between the outer walls of the chamber to the inside wall of the housing is not shown to scale.

The journal 5 has the eccentric bearing areas 9, which the stepless regulation of the compression ratio by turning the square neck 10 enable.

The hollow rotor shaft is supported by roller bearings on both sides in the housing the spur gearing left, which with an eccentrically arranged, secondary spur gear, that drives the actual output shaft, combs.

Figure III: Cross section through a four-stroke engine with the reverse Construction principle The Ereuzring arc rotor 2 rotates around the stator ring 1 and rotates with it the hinge plates 3 is equipped.

The support rollers 4 produce in cooperation with the basket arch-shaped Stator ring 5 an active torque.

The spark plug 6 can be provided single or double.

The pipe 7 discharges the combustion gases, the pipe 8 supplies the Piston rotor with mixture.

Figure IV: Cross section through a two-stroke elotor with the reverse Construction principle The cross-ring rotor 2 rotates around the stator ring 1, its four radial ones Working chambers circular or rectangular cross-section - with a four-circle Corner rounding - can have.

The movable piston plates 3 carry the support rollers 4, which in Generate an active torque in cooperation with the circular support ring 5.

The spark plug 6 can be provided single or double.

The stator slot 7, which is present on one or both sides, is used for discharge the combustion gases L, the central fresh air duct FL ensures in Connection to the stator opening 8 for supplying the piston rotor with mixture.

The flushing process is caused by the rotating rotor Centrifugal force favorably influenced. Even so, a purge fan should be very useful be.

Claims (10)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Central-axis rotary piston machine, preferably as a combustion engine suitable, thereby g e k e n n -z e i c 11 n e t that in a stator housing with circular tread contour a in cross section 1; reuzring-shaped, centralsynsmetrischer Piston rotor rotates, the ends of the bars touch the running surface and the Interstices with movable diametrals intersecting at two right angles arranged parts are provided, which by means of short connecting rods to an eccentric Trunnions or a concentric crankshaft are hinged and periodic Change in volume of those formed between them, the rotor cross and the tread Work rooms the implementation of the gasoline or diesel principle in the two or four stroke process allow the gas exchange through the piston rotor automatically and valveless is controlled, and in addition, the compression ratio in an advantageous manner stepless or stepless manual or automatic control can be made to either to achieve optimal adaptation to changing operating conditions or the any use of the rotary piston machine as a gasoline or diesel engine, thus as a new kind of universal combustion engine. 2. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claim 1, characterized it is noted that there are four working cycles per revolution of the piston rotor omitted, creating an analogy to an eight-cylinder four-stroke reciprocating engine and thus results in a very favorable torque curve. 3. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims l and 2, in that the design of the work spaces and the geometry of the machine does not cause a "harmful space" and thus without Difficulties the maximum diesel compression can be achieved. 4. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims t to 3, thereby g e k e n n n z e i c h n -e t that the movement of the sealing strips or Sealing rings takes place exclusively parallel to the associated sliding surfaces and therefore several sealing elements arranged one behind the other in a simple and effective way can be. 5. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims l to 4, in that the articulation zone of the in the lateral Housing walls fixed bearing pin is eccentric to its central axis and in this way, by rotating the bearing journal about its central axis, the distance between the articulation axis and the main axis of rotation continuously between a maximum and a minimum and so the compression ratio also during the rotor rotation; can be regulated. 6. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims i to 4, by noting that by uniform tangential displacement of the inner plate hinges is the distance between the. Joint centers and the crank circle changed and in this way the compression ratio between an Elaximum and a minimum can be regulated. 7. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims 1 to 6, thereby noting that in the interest of an advantageous Linking of the short connecting rods to the bearing pin or crankshaft, the four sectors of the cross-ring rotor individually or in pairs offset in the direction of the axis of rotation and preferably Fork connecting rods are used. 8. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claim l, characterized it is noted that if the main parts are arranged in reverse order, a At least equivalent machine arises, with which the reuzring rotor by one central stator ring rotates and the moving rotor parts are rotated by a peripheral, Double support ring fixed directly or indirectly to the stator ring by means of support rollers controlled and for the delivery of a resulting active torque to the output shaft be empowered. 9. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims l and 8, by noting that for the implementation of the two-stroke principle the peripheral support ring is preferably designed as a circular ring, which is manually or automatic axis shift the stepless regulation of the compression ratio allowed even with rotating piston rotors and in this way the construction of a two-stroke diesel or universal motor, which in terms of simplicity and perfection can no longer be surpassed according to the current state of science. 10. Central-axis rotary piston machine according to claims 1 and 8, by noting that for the implementation of the four-stroke principle the peripheral support ring as arena ring in the form of an ellipse, a basket arch or a spiral curve is formed and by elastic or if necessary also articulated deformation in a manual or automatic way the stepless regulation the compression ratio is also allowed when the piston rotor is rotating and thus allows the construction of a four-stroke diesel or universal engine, which in relation to simplicity and perfection according to the current state of science no longer can be surpassed.