DE2138453A1 - Process for extracting useful substances from the hyphae of edible mushrooms - Google Patents

Description

Process for extracting useful substances from the hyphae of edible mushrooms

The subject of the present invention is the extraction of useful substances from the hyphae of edible mushrooms. More in individual ist.die invention to a new and advanced method for extracting certain therapeutically effective Substances from the hyphae of edible mushrooms, probably the most important of them being the "Shiitake". This is the common Japanese name for "Lentinus edodes" from the class of the Basidiomycetes, which it mainly in East Asia.

While the so-called edible mushrooms, especially button mushrooms, are simply called in most western cultures Praised food delicacies, it has long been recognized in the countries of the Orient that some kinds are more edible Mushrooms in the most diverse areas of physical and mental illnesses and disorders of people have healing effects. The ancient Chinese in particular were aware of this fact already aware of how many writings left by them prove the therapeutic value of Shiitake and others testify edible mushrooms.

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Because of all of their recognized merits, the desired useful substances have been described in detail below are, however, so far only removed by a centuries-old process of decoction, in the course of which the fruiting bodies of a desired edible mushroom can be boiled for a prescribed period of time. The resulting liquid Extract is not as effective as it should be. In addition, the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms are not in are available in large quantities or are at least very expensive ', so that the removal of their useful components is currently in is not carried out in any branch of industry.

Accordingly, the present invention sees a new and advanced one Method of extracting useful substances from the hyphae of an edible fungus that is used in the cultivation of the Edible mushroom hyphae in a prepared medium, the fine pulverization of the hyphae together with the medium about the time the hyphae begin to mature, immersing these fine particles in water so that a Suspension comes about, and the filtering of the suspension, so that unwanted parts are removed and thereby an extract is obtained from the edible mushroom.

The method of the present invention can be applied to a wide variety of applications Kinds of edible mushrooms are used, but the aforementioned shiitake seems to be most suitable in the With regard to the components of the extract obtained as a result, as will be described in detail below. An additional The advantage of the Shiitake is that it can be artificially bred fairly easily.

It is known that the cell membranes of the Shiitake hyphae and some other edible mushrooms mainly from ß-1-3 Glucan © and '

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Order chitin and that cell membranes through, ß-1-3 glucanase and ohitinase, which are enzymes that are produced in the hyphae cells by metabolic processes. In further experiments it was found that the concentration of the therapeutically active substances including those above mentioned enzymes in the hyphae cells of edible mushrooms in the stage of transformation, from their secondary hyphae into fruiting bodies is most pronounced. Though the exact reasons are still unknown for this, it is concluded from the evidence available that it may come from the fact that the hyphae cells in the stage mentioned are mostly metabolically active.

Therefore, the present invention proposes the useful To extract substances from the hyphae of edible mushrooms and not from their fruiting bodies. That is doubly advantageous because the extracts obtained from the former procedure are therapeutically more effective than those from the latter and because the former is significantly less expensive than the latter.

The hyphae desired for the method of this invention can be grown in culture media with wood chips, heaped sawdust, bagasse and liquid. It does see however Experimentally confirms that the hyphae which have grown in soils with the three first-mentioned solid substances do better suitable for the production of extracts with the desired effects. The various nutrient media that are used in the implementation of the method of this invention can be prepared in essentially the same way as before. To the For best results, however, in the case of a sawdust culture, the ratio of the sawdust content to that of the Hot bran to be about 9 to Ί compared to the 7 to 3 ratio the earlier sawdust culture.

Although one with a seed culture of a desired edible,

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Fungus inoculated culture medium kept under the usual conditions can be, the experiments have shown that the resulting hyphae at the right moment a should be exposed to rapid changes in temperature and / or humidity, thereby promoting growth and metabolic processes to promote and accelerate. Desirable changes in the environment for the hyphae are detailed later with the aid of some examples' of the method according to the present invention.

Because, as previously mentioned, the hyphae, while they are forming fruiting bodies, have the highest concentration of usable substances it is important, or at least highly desirable, that they are dealt with at this precise moment. Such a crucial one Moment can be determined by some distinct signs. The first thing is a sufficiently grown one Medium containing hyphae will turn white at the edges just before fruiting bodies form. Second, you get that far it concerns Shiitake and some related species, notice a swelling phenomenon on their hyphae if the Hyphae have grown sufficiently in their culture medium.

The appropriately grown hyphae of a selected edible mushroom are then finely pulverized along with their nutrient medium, which is easily accomplished by suitable means. The pulverized substances are placed in distilled and sterilized water, which has a pH value of about 5 * 0. The suspension prepared in this way is filled into a tightly closed vessel, heated and filtered in order to obtain the desired extract. TJM to achieve the best results, the slurry in two successive steps should be heated, first for about an hour at a temperature of about JO ⁰ C to 35 ^O C, and then about one to zvrei hours at a temperature of 4-5 etxira G to 55 ° C. the

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first heat treatment aims to reduce the production of ß-1-3 glucanase, Chitinase and other enzymes of the hyphae accelerate the activities of those enzymes while the second heat treatment should promote.

The liquid extract obtained in this way can furthermore be an appropriate one Amount of ammonium sulphate to be added to thereby to cause the precipitation of the useful substances contained therein. The precipitate obtained from the solution is again dissolved in distilled and sterilized water, and this latter solution is separated by dialysis with the aid of a semi-permeable membrane, so that the remaining ammonium sulphate is removed »This semi-permeable membrane must be like this be designed to permit the passage of particles having a molecular weight of no more than about 1000. Furthermore, the amount of ammoun ium sulphate to be added to the nitrate must be carefully controlled. It is It has been experimentally proven that the best results are achieved when about 584 g of ammonium sulphate with about 1000 ml of des Filtrate are mixed.

From an analysis of the shiitake hyphae made by the one described above The extract obtained from the method of the invention resulted in the following components; 40 enzymes included ß-1-3 glucanase and ohitinase, 18 amino acids, vitamins Bp and B.p, ergosterol, polysaccharides and polypeptides. However, it is it is quite likely that the extracts contain other as yet unknown useful substances.

Below are just some of the results of using one extract obtained from shiitake hyphae according to the teaching of present invention described! .

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1. A 42 year old! "Rough, who had high blood pressure for years suffered from a maximum of 210 mmHg and a minimum of 160 mmHg, took 100 ml of this extract three times a day before meals. The blood pressure dropped within four days maximum 160 mmHg and minimum 100 mmHg and then stabilized in this area.

2. A 40 year old man whose tonsils are due to tonsillitis turned white, took 200 ml of the extract, and

"was completely healthy again after 24 hours ·

3 «A 36 year old man who had a cold of around 39 ° C Had a fever, took 200 ml three times a day before meals of the extract. The temperature dropped within 24 hours.

4. A 41-year-old man who was seriously ill with blister-like eczema rubbed the affected areas four times daily with 50 ml of the extract one «within two Days the eczema disappeared and did not come back.

5. A 42 year old man with a severe case of gastric

sworn took 50 ml of the extract three times a day for 30 days One ι after that, signs of improvement were evident (there is still a well-founded explanation for this so far not).

6. After heating at a temperature between about 30 ⁰ G and 35 ° G and subsequent drying at 20% moisture content was a small amount of soil having therein appropriate grown shiitake hyphae containing added to a feed. The cell walls of eumycetes that had grown in the feed were affected by the activities of the ß-1-3 glucanase and

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Chitinase dissolved; the result was the protection of the animals against possible infectious diseases. It also happens that the aforementioned enzymes with their intestinal warmth of the animals "accelerated the cell bodies of the Split eumycetes into amino acids, which plays an important role in the metabolism and growth of animal cells.

7. Experiments have shown that the potencies of ß-1-3 Glucanase and chitinase in the medium containing adequately grown shiitake hyphae, the - essentially has been treated as mentioned above, destroying various undesirable fungi that thrive in the soil when the nutrient ' soil is mixed with them. It is also known that the enzymes contained in such soil are more beneficial to the growth Promote bacteria and microorganisms.

The present invention will be described in more detail below by means of a few examples which are only illustrative and are not intended to impose any restrictions on the invention.

EXAMPLE I

1 kg of nutrient medium containing bagasse and distilled water with a pH of about 5 P in such a ratio that its moisture content is about 60 % to 65% was placed in a suitable vessel and kept at 121 ° for 20 minutes heated under steam for the purpose of sterilization. The sterilized medium was inoculated with a shiitake seed culture and stood in an air-conditioned room at a substantially constant temperature of about 25 ° C. for 60 days. Because of the desired change in temperature of the soil was then placed in a room with about 4 ⁰ C to 8 ⁰ C. After 72 hours in

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In the low-temperature room, the culture medium was immersed together with its vessel in water at about 5 ° C for 24 hours. Since the above-mentioned swelling phenomenon could be observed in the shiitake hyphae which covered the entire surface of the nutrient medium, the hyphae were finely pulverized together with part of the nutrient medium. 300 g of the resulting particles were then added to about 1000 ml of distilled and sterilized water with a pH of about 5 »0. The slurry was dadurch'erhaltene hours in a "tightly closed vessel, first for one hour then heated for two hours at about 50 ⁰ C at about 30 ⁰ C and. Thereafter, the slurry was filtered under pressure through a cloth and then with the help of a membrane filter with a pore size of about 0.4-5 Å separated by dialysis to obtain about 600 ml of liquid extract containing the useful substances.

EXAMPLE II

The procedure in Example I was repeated exactly; the nutrient medium described was simply replaced by a soil which contained sawdust from a large-leaved tree and ice bran in a ratio of about 9 to 1 and whose moisture content was reduced to about 60 % by _{adding distilled water with a pH of about 5 5} 65 % was regulated. About 620 ml of liquid extract were also obtained from this.

EXAMPLE III

A shiitake seed culture was made in the wood of the Japanese Oak (Quercus glandulifera) inoculated and grown under the usual conditions. Around the moment when they increased

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Hyphae began to mature, they were pulverized with the wood. One kilogram of the particles obtained from it was 1000 ml distilled and sterilized water with a pH of about 5> 0 is supplied. After that, the suspension became essentially treated as "described" in Example I, and there were about 700 ml of liquid extract obtained.

EXAMPLE IV

1000 ml of the liquid extract of the shiitake obtained by any of the above Examples I to III mixed with about 584 g of ammonium sulphate. The solution was 24 For hours at room temperature! this caused a precipitate of the useful substances contained in the liquid Extract were included. The precipitates collected by filtration were then removed three times after each filtering washed out with an almost saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. 10 g of the precipitates treated in this way (in the moist state) were added to about 100 ml of distilled and sterilized water with a pH of about 5.0. This solution was made with Using a semi-permeable membrane separated by dialysis, then about 35 ml of ammonium sulphate-free the usable substances containing solution. After adequate mixing with distilled and sterilized water and more Dialysis for complete sterilization has been the various samples mentioned earlier in this description Given to patients.

Although the present invention has been described in detail above is, their area should not be on the described

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and illustrated embodiments "may be limited, but rather encompass all possibilities available to the average person skilled in the art offer in this area.

Claims ι

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Claims (1)

-Patents s ρ r ü c h e Λ . A method for extracting useful substances from the hyphae of an edible fungus, characterized in that the hyphae of the edible fungus are grown in a prepared nutrient medium, that the hyphae together with the nutrient medium at about "the point in time at which the hyphae begin to ripen "finely pulverized" that these fine particles are treated with water to form a suspension and that this suspension is filtered to remove undesirable parts therefrom and to obtain an extract from the edible mushroom. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutrient medium rapid temperature and humidity changes is subjected to accelerate the growth of the hyphae contained in it. 5. Procedure according to. Claim 2, characterized in that the Culture medium with adequately grown hyphae a rapid change from the edge temperature to a temperature range of exposed to about 4 ° C to 8 ° C and then immersed in water will. 4-. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Suspended before filtering in a tightly closed ■ The vessel is heated, accelerating the production and effectiveness of enzymes in the powdered hyphae • will. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized) that the Suspend only at a temperature of around 30 ° C about 35 ° G for an hour and about one to two thereafter - 12.209831 / 1134 Hours at a temperature of about 4-5 ° C "to about 55 ° C is heated. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the A prescribed amount of ammonium sulphate is added to the liquid extract obtained so that the contained therein can be absorbed precipitate usable substances that the precipitates obtained in this way are removed, dissolved in water and the solution is separated by dialysis to remove the remaining ammonium sulphate. 7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the nutrient medium is selected from the group consisting of bagasse, sawdust and wood chips. 8. The method according to claim 7 »characterized in that the sawdust is used in conjunction with rice bran, wherein the ratio of the sawdust content to that of ice bran in the prepared nutrient medium is about 9 to 1. 9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized i that the edible mushroom is shiitake. KB / ps - 22 732 209831/1134