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DE2128651A1 - Device for controlling an electromagnet - Google Patents

Device for controlling an electromagnet

Info

Publication number
DE2128651A1
DE2128651A1 DE19712128651 DE2128651A DE2128651A1 DE 2128651 A1 DE2128651 A1 DE 2128651A1 DE 19712128651 DE19712128651 DE 19712128651 DE 2128651 A DE2128651 A DE 2128651A DE 2128651 A1 DE2128651 A1 DE 2128651A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
thyristor
electromagnet
rectifier
control electrode
triac
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19712128651
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE2128651C2 (en
Inventor
Harald Petit-Saconnex Genf Stampfli (Schweiz). M
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Parker Hannifin Manufacturing Switzerland SA
Original Assignee
Lucifer SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucifer SA filed Critical Lucifer SA
Publication of DE2128651A1 publication Critical patent/DE2128651A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2128651C2 publication Critical patent/DE2128651C2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
    • H03K17/73—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for DC voltages or currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1833—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/64—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors having inductive loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2068—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements
    • F02D2041/2079—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements the circuit having several coils acting on the same anchor

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

218/13618 DE A-. Juni 1971218/13618 DE A-. June 1971

PatentanmeldungPatent application

der Firma
LUCIFER S.A.of the company
LUCIFER SA

Carouge-Genf (Schweiz) Chemin LuciferCarouge-Geneva (Switzerland) Chemin Lucifer

Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines ElektromagnetenDevice for controlling an electromagnet

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten, die es beim Einschaltvorgang ermöglicht, einen stärkeren Anfangsstrom mit nachfolgendem,schwächeren Haltestrom zu erzeugen. Es wird mit einer derartigen Einrichtung möglich, eine Anziehungskraft des Elektromagneten mit grossem Anfangswert zu erzielen, und da der Haltestrom relativ schwach ist, eine Ubermässige Erhitzung seiner Wicklung zu vermeiden.The invention relates to a device for controlling an electromagnet, which makes it possible during the switch-on process, to generate a stronger initial current with a subsequent, weaker holding current. It will be with such a Means possible to achieve an attractive force of the electromagnet with a large initial value, and there the holding current is relatively weak to avoid excessive heating of its winding.

Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen an einer Wechselstromquelle angeschlossenenThe device according to the invention is characterized in that that they have one connected to an AC power source

PA/HW/hh (9773) - 2 -PA / HW / hh (9773) - 2 -

209846/0671209846/0671

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212865f212865f

aufweist, der, die mit einem Thyristor in Reihe geschaltete Wicklung des Elektromagneten speist, wobei die Steuerelektrode und die Kathode dieses Thyristors über einen Timer (Zeitgeber) miteinander verbunden sind, der nach einer bestimmten Zeitspanne nach Einschaltung eines Steuerschalters leitend wird. which feeds the winding of the electromagnet connected in series with a thyristor, the control electrode and the cathode of this thyristor are connected to one another via a timer, which becomes conductive after a certain period of time after switching on a control switch.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 der Zeichnung zeigen schematisch und beispielhaft zwei Ausführungsformen des Erfindungsgegenstandes.1 and 2 of the drawing show schematically and by way of example two embodiments of the subject matter of the invention.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Einrichtung umfasst einen Zweiweggleichrichter I^ der über einen Schalter S an zwei Klemmen a. und b_ angeschlossen ist, die an eine Wechselstromquelle z.B. am Stromnetz angelegt werden.The device shown in FIG. 1 comprises a full-wave rectifier I ^ which via a switch S to two terminals a. and b_ is connected to an AC power source E.g. applied to the power grid.

Der Elektromagnet weist zwei Wicklungen Bl und B2 auf, von denen die Wicklung B2 durch den Gleichrichter unmittelbar gespeist wird. Die Wicklung BJL ist über einen in Reihe ge-The electromagnet has two windings B1 and B2, of which the winding B2 passes directly through the rectifier is fed. The winding BJL is connected in series

schalteten Widerstand R2 und einen Tl mit den ' Ausgangsklemmen des Gleichrichters verbunden. Diese Wicklung Bl ist ebenfalls durch einen, mit zwei Dioden Dl und D2 in Reihe geschalteten Thyristor T2 mit der negativen Ausgangsklemme d des Gleichrichters verbunden.switched resistor R2 and a T1 connected to the ' output terminals of the rectifier. This winding B1 is also connected to the negative output terminal d of the rectifier by a thyristor T2 connected in series with two diodes D1 and D2.

Die Basis des Transistors Tl ist über eine Zenerdiode Z mit einem Kondensator C_ verbunden, der mit einem Widerstand Rl , ein RC-Glied bildet. Die Basis des Transistors Tl ist fernerThe base of the transistor Tl is connected via a Zener diode Z to a capacitor C_ which, with a resistor Rl , forms an RC element. The base of the transistor Tl is also

3%/63% / 6

geändert gemäö Eingabe - 3changed according to input - 3

eingegangenem» J&JL21L received » J & JL21L

209845/0S71209845 / 0S71

μ.μ.

3 - geändert gemäß Eingabe3 - changed according to input

2 1OOCC1 eingegangen am2 1OOCC1 received on

128651 *" gfize 128651 * "gfize

durch einen Ableitwiderstand R^ mit seinem Emitter verbunden.connected to its emitter by a bleeder resistor R ^.

Die Wicklung Bl, welche ein Leistungselement ist, ist durch eine Diode DJ5. überbrückt.The winding Bl, which is a power element, is through a diode DJ5. bridged.

Die Arbeitsweise der Einrichtung ist die folgende: Durch das Schliessen des Schalters S_ wird selbstverständlich die Speisung der Wicklung B2· bewirkt und die Wicklung Bl- wird ebenfalls unter Spannung gesetzt, weil im Zeitpunkt des EinschaltThe operation of the device is as follows: By closing the switch S_, the supply of the winding B2 · is effected and the winding B1 - is also energized, because at the time of switching on

7Pctnsis4of7Pctnsis4of

Vorganges der Tl nicht leitend ist. Es ergibt sich, dass die Steuerelektrode des Thyristors T2_ praktisch auf das Potential der Klemme £ des Gleichrichters gebracht wird, während die Kathode des Thyristors annähernd das Potential der Klemme d erreicht. Dabei ist also der Thyristor Ti? leitend, sodass die Leistungswicklung Bl gespeist wird.Process of the Tl is not conductive. It turns out that the control electrode of the thyristor T2_ is practically on the Potential of the terminal £ of the rectifier is brought, while the cathode of the thyristor approximates the potential of terminal d reached. So the thyristor is Ti? conductive, so that the power winding Bl is fed.

Der Kondensator C_ wird über den Widerstand III progressiv geladen und wenn seine Spannung die Schwellenspannung der Zener diode erreicht, wird sein Potential, der Basis des Tl angelegt, der leitend wird.The capacitor C_ is progressively charged through the resistor III and when its voltage reaches the threshold voltage of the Zener diode, its potential is applied to the base of the Tl , which becomes conductive.

Die Steuerelektrode des Thyristors T2 wird sodass auf das Potential der Klemme b zurückgebracht und ist, auf Grund des Spannungsabfalles von ca. 2 Volt in den Dioden Dl und D2, negativ in Bezug auf die Kathode des Thyristors. Da der Spannungsabfall im Transistor Tl ca. 0,5 Volt beträgt, so wird die Steuerelektrode um ca. 1,5 Volt negativ polarisiertThe control electrode of the thyristor T2 is so on the potential of terminal b and is due to the voltage drop of approx. 2 volts in diodes Dl and D2, negative with respect to the cathode of the thyristor. Since the voltage drop in the transistor T1 is approximately 0.5 volts, so the control electrode is negatively polarized by approx. 1.5 volts

-K-209845/0671 -K- 209845/0671

in Bezug auf die Kathode des Thyristors T2_. Der. Thyristor ist also in einem Zustand, der beim nächsten Durchgang durch Null der vom Gleichrichter 1 gelieferten, gleichgerichteten Spannung, seine Löschung erleichtert.with respect to the cathode of the thyristor T2_. Of the. The thyristor is therefore in a state which facilitates its extinction the next time the rectified voltage supplied by the rectifier 1 passes through zero.

Nach der Löschung des Thyristors T2 wird die Wicklung Bl nicht mehr gespeist und einzig die Haltewicklung Bj2 bleibt im Betrieb. Es ist zu bemerken, dass die Diode D-J die Ueberspannungen in der Wicklung Bl bei der Löschung des Thyristors T2_ unterdrückt.After the thyristor T2 has been extinguished, the winding B1 is no longer fed and only the holding winding Bj2 remains in operation. It should be noted that the diode D - J suppresses the overvoltages in the winding B1 when the thyristor T2_ is extinguished.

Selbstverständlich kann, im Rahmen der Erfindung, der beschriebene Schaltkreis beliebig geändert werden. Insbesondere könnte die Zenerdiode Z_ durch irgend ein Element ersetzt werden, das eine Spannungsschwelle aufweist, über welcher es leitend wird.Of course, within the scope of the invention, the described Circuit can be changed at will. In particular, the Zener diode Z_ could be replaced by any element that has a voltage threshold above which it becomes conductive.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der ersten durch das Fehlen der Wicklung B2 des Elektromagneten. Die Speisung der Wicklung Bl ißt indentisch mit Ausnahme eines Widerstandes RjI, der zwischen dem Kollektor des Transistors TJt, und der Steuerelektrode des Thyristors T2 geschaltet ist.The embodiment shown in Fig. 2 differs from the first in the absence of the winding B2 of the Electromagnets. The supply of the winding Bl is identical with the exception of a resistor RjI, which is between the Collector of the transistor TJt, and the control electrode of the thyristor T2 is connected.

Bei dieser zweiten Ausführungsform, gestattet ein Impuls-Generator 2, der Steuerelektrode des Thyristors T2 Impulse zuzuführen, die mit der Netzfrequenz synchronisiert und in Bezug auf.diese phasenverschoben sind. Auf diese Weise wirdIn this second embodiment, a pulse generator allows 2, to supply the control electrode of the thyristor T2 with pulses that are synchronized with the mains frequency and in With respect to these are out of phase. That way will

2098A5/0S712098A5 / 0S71

durch die vom Generator 2_ gelieferten Impulse, der Thyristor T2, im Verlauf von jedem Polwechsel, leitend wenn der Transistor Tl leitend ist und folglich die automatische Zündung des Thyristors TJ2 verhindern. Dadurch wird ein zerhackter Strom erzeugt, dessen mittlerer Wert unter jenem des Anfangsstromes liegt» Dieser zerhackte Strom bildet den Haltestrom des Elektromagneten.by the pulses supplied by the generator 2_ , the thyristor T2, in the course of each pole change, conductive when the transistor Tl is conductive and consequently prevent the automatic ignition of the thyristor TJ2. This creates a chopped current, the mean value of which is below that of the initial current »This chopped current forms the holding current of the electromagnet.

Der Impulsgenerator umfasst einen an sich bekannten Schalttransistor TJ5, der über einen Widerstand R^ und eine Zenerdiode Z2 gespeist wird. Die Klemmenspannung der Zenerdiode Z2 wird an die Basis des Transistors TJ^ über einen Widerstand R6 aufgedrückt, der einen Kondensator C2 ladet. Jedes Mal, wenn die Spannung an den Klemmen dieses Kondensators den Schwellenwert des Transistors TJ> erreicht, wird dieser leitend und lässt in einem Widerstand R£ einen Strom fliessen, der einen am Thyristor T2 aufgedrückten Spannungsimpuls erzeugt. The pulse generator comprises a switching transistor TJ5, known per se, which is fed via a resistor R ^ and a Zener diode Z2. The terminal voltage of the Zener diode Z2 is applied to the base of the transistor TJ ^ via a resistor R6, which charges a capacitor C2. Every time the voltage at the terminals of this capacitor reaches the threshold value of the transistor TJ>, this becomes conductive and allows a current to flow in a resistor R £, which generates a voltage pulse applied to the thyristor T2.

Ein erheblicher Vorteil des beschriebenen Schaltkreises liegt darin, dass, welches auch die Netzspannung sei, die Spannung, die dem Transistor T_l aufgedrückt wird, nie einige Volt überschreitet, weil für eine Spannung dieser Grössen-Ordnung der Thyristor T2. sofort leitend wird.A significant advantage of the circuit described is that whatever the line voltage, the Voltage that is impressed on the transistor T_l, never some Volts, because for a voltage of this order of magnitude the thyristor T2. immediately becomes conductive.

Der beschreibene Schaltkreis kann selbstverständlich zahlreiche Aenderungen erfahren, insbesondere könnte der Thy-The circuit described can of course undergo numerous changes, in particular the Thy-

- 6 -209845/05 71- 6 -209845/05 71

ristor T2 durch einen TRIAC ersetzt werden. In diesem Fall könnte der Impulsgenerator 2 zur Erzeugung von Impulsen negativer Polarität vorgesehen werden, sodass die Dioden Dl und D2 wegfallen würden.resistor T2 can be replaced by a TRIAC. In this case, the pulse generator 2 could be provided for generating pulses of negative polarity, so that the diodes D1 and D2 would be omitted.

209845/0571209845/0571

Claims (2)

218/13618 DE 4·. Juni 1971218/13618 DE 4 ·. June 1971 Patentanmeldung der Firma LUCIFER S.A. Carouge-Genf (Schweiz) Ghemin LuciferPatent application of the company LUCIFER S.A. Carouge-Geneva (Switzerland) Ghemin Lucifer PatentansprücheClaims Ij, Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines Elektromagneten, die es beim Einschaltvorgang ermöglicht, einen stSrkeren Anfangsstrom mit nachfolgendem, schwächeren Haltestrom zu erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen an einer Wechselstromquelle angeschlossenen Gtae.it-Gleichrichter (1) aufweist, der die Wicklung (Bl) des Elektromagneten speist, welche mit einem Thyristor (T2) oder TRIAC in Reihe geschaltet ist, dessen Steuerelektrode und Kathode über einen Timer (Zeitgeber) (Rl, C, Z) miteinander verbunden sind, der nach einer bestimmten Zeitspanne nach Einschaltung eines Steuerschalters (S) Ij, device for controlling an electromagnet, which makes it possible during the switch-on process to generate a stronger initial current with a subsequent, weaker holding current, characterized in that it has a Gtae.it rectifier (1) connected to an alternating current source, which the winding (Bl ) of the electromagnet, which is connected in series with a thyristor (T2) or TRIAC, the control electrode and cathode of which are connected to one another via a timer (Rl, C, Z), which after a certain period of time after switching on a control switch ( S) ς/ε (stttetg-faua«\ς / ε (stttetg-faua «\ ert gemäß Eingab·according to input 209845/0571209845/0571 ^j^a.6.2 Ί 2 8 ο b ^ j ^ a.6. 2 Ί 2 8 ο b geändert gemäß Eingabechanged according to input leitend wird.becomes conductive. 2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Timer· (Zeitgeber) aus einem Transistor (Tl) besteht, dessen Steuerelektrode mit einem RC-Glied (Rl, C) verbunden ist, das durclv einen gleichgerichteten Strom gespeist wird, wobei die Spannung des Kondensators (C) dieses Gliedes unter Zwischenschaltung eines Elementes (Z) mit einer Spannungsschwelle, über welche es leitend wird, an die besagte Steuerelektrode angelegt wird.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the timer · (timer) off a transistor (Tl), the control electrode of which is connected to an RC element (Rl, C), the durclv a rectified current is fed, the voltage of the capacitor (C) below this element Interposition of an element (Z) with a voltage threshold above which it becomes conductive to the said control electrode is applied. J. Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass -■s die Kathode des Thyristors (T2) mit der negativen Klemme (d) des Gleichrichters über mindestens eine DiodeJ. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that - ■ s the cathode of the thyristor (T2) with the negative Terminal (d) of the rectifier via at least one diode (Dl) vorbundon iot% ist. (Dl) vorbundon iot% is. 1PoLaf/έάί ur/e. der TAy'**0*' 7Z 1 PoLaf / έάί ur / e. der TAy '** 0 *' 7 Z 4. Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis J, bei welchen der Elektromagnet zwei Wicklungen (Bl, B2) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine (Bl) der Wicklungen (Bl, B2) in Reihe mit dem Thyristor (T2) oder TRIAC und die andere (B2) parallel zum Gleichrichter (l) geschaltet sind.4. Device according to claims 1 to J, in which the Electromagnet has two windings (B1, B2), characterized in that one (B1) of the windings (Bl, B2) in series with the thyristor (T2) or TRIAC and the other (B2) in parallel with the rectifier (l) are switched. 5. Einrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Impulsgenerator 5. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is a pulse generator - 3 -209845/0571- 3 -209845/0571 (2) umfasst, dessen Impulse mit der Netzfrequenz synchronisiert und in Bezug auf diese phasenverschoben sind, und Mittel aufweist, um dem Thyristor (T2) oder dem TRIAC diese Impulse aufzudrücken.(2) whose pulses are synchronized with and out of phase with the mains frequency, and Has means to the thyristor (T2) or the TRIAC to impress these pulses. 2 0 9 8 4 S / 0 Fi 7 12 0 9 8 4 S / 0 Fi 7 1 /TO/ TO LeerseiteBlank page
DE2128651A 1971-04-23 1971-06-04 Circuit for controlling an electromagnet Expired DE2128651C2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH590971A CH523583A (en) 1971-04-23 1971-04-23 Control device of an electromagnet

Publications (2)

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DE2128651A1 true DE2128651A1 (en) 1972-11-02
DE2128651C2 DE2128651C2 (en) 1984-01-12

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US (1) US3737736A (en)
JP (1) JPS536696B1 (en)
CA (1) CA954931A (en)
CH (1) CH523583A (en)
DE (1) DE2128651C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2133652B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1383086A (en)
IT (1) IT958747B (en)
NL (1) NL174006C (en)
SE (1) SE410670B (en)

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DE2546424A1 (en) * 1974-10-28 1976-04-29 Telemecanique Electrique CIRCUIT FOR FEEDING ELECTROMAGNETS
DE2922777A1 (en) * 1979-06-05 1980-12-11 Heuss Otto Kg Appts. for actuation of switching element - has double solenoids actuated to provide braking and avoid impact condition
WO1991015865A1 (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-17 Merit-Werk Merten & Co. Kg Hinged-armature relay, especially for motor vehicles
EP0768683A1 (en) * 1995-10-12 1997-04-16 Schneider Electric Sa Supply circuit for an excitation coil of an electromagnet
FR2739969A1 (en) * 1995-10-12 1997-04-18 Schneider Electric Sa SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRIC MAGNET DRIVE
US5805405A (en) * 1995-10-12 1998-09-08 Schneider Electric Sa Power supply circuit of an excitation coil of an electromagnet
WO1998020400A3 (en) * 1996-11-04 1998-07-23 Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc Circuit arrangement for adapting the current of a valve driver to the current required for actuating the valve
DE19948489A1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-12 Heinz Leiber Electromagnetic actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3737736A (en) 1973-06-05
DE2128651C2 (en) 1984-01-12
FR2133652A1 (en) 1972-12-01
NL7205253A (en) 1972-10-25
NL174006C (en) 1984-04-02
CH523583A (en) 1972-05-31
JPS536696B1 (en) 1978-03-10
IT958747B (en) 1973-10-30
GB1383086A (en) 1975-02-05
SE410670B (en) 1979-10-22
FR2133652B1 (en) 1977-09-02
CA954931A (en) 1974-09-17
NL174006B (en) 1983-11-01

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