DE2120482A1 - Method and device for the chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained material - Google Patents

Description

Annex to the patent application by

Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz H 71/14

Aktiengesellschaft 2120482 St r / Kr Cologne, April 26th, 1971

Method and device for the chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained Good

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained material by means of gases or vapors in a reaction chamber with connected separator.

From French patent specification 1 108 186 a method for the thermal treatment of fine-grained material is known in which the fine-grained material is passed through a preheating zone, a combustion zone and a cooling zone in direct contact with the gases in a heat exchanger system which has several cyclones connected in series . The combustion zone consists of a vertical bore into the lower end of which the hot treatment gases are introduced from a combustion chamber at a relatively high speed. The fine-grained material to be treated comes from the last separator of the preheating zone into the lower area of the vertical tube of the combustion zone, where it is carried away by the hot treatment gases.

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Gas and material are separated from each other in a cyclone separator at the top of the pipe. The fired material is introduced into the cooling zone, while the treatment gases, which are still at a considerable temperature, are introduced into the preheating zone to preheat the material to be treated. Since the thermal treatment takes place in suspension in a gas flowing at high speed, the dwell time of the goods in the combustion zone is naturally very short. Due to the conditions for floating of the material particles in the direct current in a gas, changes of residence practically impossible ..

In many cases, especially if the item to be treated is to be subjected to a chemical and / or physical treatment, such a short treatment time as is known from the French patent is not sufficient to obtain a uniformly reacted end product of high quality .

The object of the invention is therefore to create a method one treatment of the goods with a variable dwell time allowed in the handluiigs ζ one or in the reactor and thus enables a significant improvement in the quality of the respective end product in a particularly economical manner.

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The object is achieved in that the material is passed through the reaction chamber at least twice and is made to react in at least two zones. By means of these measures, the duration of the chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained material can be influenced or extended or shortened as required. By means of these measures according to the method of the invention, the most varied of substances can be subjected to a chemical and / or physical treatment, since the duration of the treatment can be set very advantageously in each case to the peculiarities of a particular substance and the desired final state of the finished product. In this way, according to the method of the invention, an optimal quality of the desired finished product can be achieved in a simple manner.

According to an advantageous further development of the invention, during the chemical and / or physical treatment of the material, part of the material is guided through the reaction chamber in suspension with the gases, and another part of the material is simultaneously fed into the reaction chamber in the form of an essentially closed material layer brought in. This material layer very advantageously runs through the reaction chamber in the form of an essentially closed material flow.

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To get the solid particles in the crop flow a to undergo further post-treatment while in suspension in the gas flow, In an advantageous development of the invention, a part of the goods within the reaction chamber is removed from the closed Good flow entered into the gases. So that the amount entered from the closed material flow into the gases depends can be changed as required, according to an advantageous development of the invention, a control of the in the Gases entered a good quantity provided.

In an advantageous further development of the invention, the dwell time of the material in the material layer of the reaction chamber influenced by slowing down or accelerating the transport of material. In this way, the chemical and / or physical treatment duration of the goods in the reaction chamber can be The requirements of the reaction process can be optimally adapted.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention result from the following explanation of the drawings schematically illustrated embodiments.

Show it:

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1 shows a drum-shaped reaction chamber with separator and combustion chamber according to the invention, partly in longitudinal section.

FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1.

3 shows a detail of the reaction drum with lifting blades arranged in the wall, on an enlarged scale.

4 shows another embodiment of the heating of the reaction drum, partly in section.

5 shows a further embodiment of a reaction drum in longitudinal section.

In the system shown in Fig. 1 as an exemplary embodiment, the material is first of all a chemical with the help of hot gases Reaction and then a physical

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Technical post-treatment, in which a change in the physical structure takes place. This system consists of a reaction drum 1, completely or partially lined on the inside with refractory material, with a baffle ring 1 * and conveyor "screw 1", a cyclone separator 2 and a combustion chamber 3>. On the one hand, a chamber 4 is connected to the drum 1, the interior of which is divided by a transverse wall 5 which slopes downwards into a gas discharge chamber 6 located above it and a material discharge chamber 7 located below it. A pipe 8 connects to the chamber 6 and connects the drum 1 with the separator 2 on the exhaust gas side. A material discharge line 9 leads from the separator 2 into a material supply line 10 which opens into the reaction drum 1. Between the Gutaustragleitung 9 and the Gutzulaufleitung 10 there is a gas-tight Gutaustragorgan 11, for example a weight-loaded flap valve 12. At the outlet of the reaction chamber 1 is arranged on the chamber 4 at the lower end of the funnel-shaped part also a gas-tight Gutaustragorgan Ij5 with * weight-loaded pendulum flap fourteenth

The reaction drum 1 is also a combustion chamber> upstream, the exhaust gases are introduced through a pipe 15 into the drum. The end of the pipe opening into the drum is 1st funnel-shaped design for better gas and material distribution.

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Between the funnel-shaped part of the pipeline 15 and the

In the reaction chamber 1, an annular sealing element 16 is provided. Another annular sealing element VJ is located between the gas and material discharge chamber 4 and the drum 1. A material inlet nozzle 18 leading obliquely downward is also attached to the gas line 15.

In the operation of the system shown in FIG. 1, this becomes physical and / or material to be treated chemically through the line l8 into the hot gas line 15 of the combustion chamber 3, which is advantageous upstream of the reaction chamber, introduced into it from the combustion chamber J through the line upwards entrained flowing gases and entered into the reaction chamber will. The item to be treated can, as required - before it is fed to line 15 - in a heat exchanger with the help of hot exhaust gases, which can be removed from the gases discharged from the separator 2, preheated or predried will. With this type of material supply in the hot gas supply line 15 to the drum 1, it is already very advantageous in the hot gas line a uniform distribution of the goods over the entire cross section of the hot gas flow and thus already in this area part of the chemical and / or physical treatment of the goods. Most of the from the Gases entered into the reaction drum 1 is good in the

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Float with the hot gases passed through the drum and then, after wandering through the exhaust gas line 8, in the separator 2 separated from the gases.

The exhaust gases are removed from the separator 2 with the aid of a fan, not shown in the drawing, in the direction of the arrow

the end

Discharged towards the top, while the gases in the separator 2 ' Ejected material through the material discharge line 9 via the * Gas shut-off element 11 introduced into the pipe 10 and entered from there directly into the layer of material located at the bottom of the drum will.

On the way of the goods with the hot gases through the reaction drum 1 and the gas discharge line connected to it, a chemical and / or physical pretreatment takes place of the material, so that the material returned through the line 10 of the reaction drum 1 is in the form of an essentially closed Material flow passes through the drum, is subjected to a post-treatment or post-reaction in this zone. on in this way, at least one chemical and / or physical two-time chemical and / or physical process takes place very advantageously in the reaction drum Treatment of the goods in two different thermal treatment zones, namely once with the hot gases in the

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Float and for the second time in a closed stream of material with a longer dwell time.

The suspended material and the flowing material pass through the reaction drum in direct current, which is due to the gradual decrease in temperature towards the discharge of the material of the desired end product has a beneficial effect on a number of substances. In this way chemically and / or physically The material to be treated leaves the reaction drum 1 through the areas formed by the side wall 20 and the wall 5 of the chamber 4 Opening and is from there via the funnel-shaped part of the chamber 7 into the material discharge pipe provided with the closing element 13 entered and discharged to the outside. By arranged in the material feed line 10 and at the material outlet Gutaustragorgane 11 and 13 is in conjunction with the on Reaction drum 1 arranged annular sealing elements 16 and 17 achieved a gas-tight seal to the outside. A particular advantage of these sealing devices is that there is no leakage of air from the outside into the reaction drum which could have a detrimental effect on the chemical and / or physical treatment of the goods. In order to avoid that material from the closed material bed in the material feed area of the reaction drum 1 between the sealing element 16 and the side wall 19 can get to the outside is

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the side wall I9 is very advantageously made significantly higher than the side wall 20 at the product discharge end of the reaction drum.

So that the material introduced from the cyclone 2 into the reaction drum 1 cannot arbitrarily enter the hot gas stream flowing through the reaction drum, it is advantageously introduced through the line 10 at the inlet end of the drum into the essentially closed material _fc layer in the drum. The continuous further movement of the material layer in the reaction drum ***** can be brought about by the screw flights 1 ″. A damming ring 1 'in the inlet area of the drum very advantageously prevents the material, especially if it tends to flow, far into the The interior shoots into it, which would make the dwell time uncontrollable. The material moved from the material feed point to the material discharge as a result of the rotary movement of the reaction drum is subjected to another chemical and / or physical post-treatment in this way, whereby it has time to interact with the material above the material layer The rotary movement of the reaction drum is carried out with a variable-speed drive, not shown in the drawing, by means of which the dwell time of the material in the material layer by slowing down or accelerating the material transport is arbitrary.

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borrowed can be influenced. Through this controllable change of the reaction drum circulation, the chemical and / or physical treatment time of the goods in the drum can be exactly the same be adapted to the respective requirements with regard to the nature of the desired end product.

As FIGS. 2 and 5 show, on the inner wall of the Reaction drum 1 arranged evenly distributed over the circumference Lifting shovels 21 can be provided, with the aid of which part of the material from the closed material flow into the hot gases is entered. In an embodiment of the invention, these lifting blades, as shown in FIG. 3, can be designed to be pivotable and changed from the outside in their position as required and be fixed. By setting the lifting shovels 21 accordingly, the flow from the closed material flow into the Hot gases registered quantity of material arbitrarily regulated and thus on the material cycle as well as on the residence time of the chemical and / or items to be physically treated can be influenced in the entire system.

In the plant shown in Fig. 4 for chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained material, the treatment gas is advantageous by a burner 22, which is within the reaction drum 23 is arranged, generated. That burner

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consists essentially of a pipe that runs through a Combustion air supply line 24 is passed through. The fuel supply takes place here through the tubular burner 22, while the combustion air through the pipe 24 the. Burner is supplied. At the air supply pipe 24 is also a material feed nozzle 25 connected through which the material supply takes place in the reaction drum. Furthermore, another pipe 26 leads into the reaction drum on the material feed side into it, through which the good from one in the drawing is not

^ the feed device shown, the reaction drum 23 is supplied will. With the system shown in FIG. 4, the material is subjected to chemical and / or physical treatment brought into direct contact with the flame. A particular advantage of this type of treatment is that this both direct heating of the goods by the flame and strong heating of the drum wall takes place, the reflection of which is reflected both on the suspended material passed through the reaction drum and on the

| Flow material has a favorable effect.

To improve the chemical and / or physical efficiency it is useful here if a partial flow of the hot gases is circulated through the reaction zones. To achieve this, a partial gas flow from the in the

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Separator not shown in the drawing branched off and fed back to the reaction drum via the gas supply line 24. As already mentioned, the residual gas discharged from the separator is advantageously used to preheat the feed material. The hot gas circuit can thus be very beneficial an optimal amount of carrier gas can be maintained in the system. In addition, through the circulation of a Partial gas flow of the hot gases also saves fuel and thus thermal energy.

It can also be advantageous to repeat the material treated in a reaction chamber before it leaves the reaction chamber heat up strongly. In order to achieve this, as FIG. 5 shows, the suspended material and the flowing material are placed in a reaction drum 27 guided in countercurrent to each other. The feed material is fed into the reaction drum 27 by the Hot gas line 28 entered and carried along by the hot gases in suspension through the drum and in one of the drum downstream, not shown in the drawing separator discharged. The goods present in this way arrive Via line 29, in turn, into the reaction drum 27, in which it travels through the drum as flowing material in countercurrent to the suspended material and is discharged through a finished goods discharge chamber 30 arranged on the right-hand side of the drum.

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The object of the invention is not limited to the one described Implementation of chemical and / or physical reactions using hot gases is limited. Instead of hot gases or in addition to the hot gases, depending on the type of required Chemical reactions also with the material to be treated reacting gases or vapors are supplied.

Claims

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Claims (21)

Claims 1. Process for chemical and / or physical treatment of fine-grained material by means of gases in a reaction chamber with a downstream separator, characterized in that that the material is passed at least twice through the reaction chamber (1, 2j5j 27) and in at least two zones is made to react. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the goods in suspension with the gases through the Reaction chamber (l, 23, 27) is passed, and another Part of the material at the same time in the form of an essentially closed material layer in the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) is introduced. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the material layer passes through the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) in the form of an essentially closed material flow (flowing material). 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 * characterized in that that part of the material within the reaction chamber (l, 23, 27) from the closed material layer into the gases is entered. - 16 20984 5/1006 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that those from the closed material layer within the reaction chamber (1, 2 ^, 27) quantity entered in the gases can be regulated is. 6. The method according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5 *, characterized in that that the floating material and the plied material the reaction chamber (1, 2 ^) run through in direct current. ^ 7 «Method according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that that the suspended material and the molded material are guided in countercurrent to one another through the reaction chamber (27). 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material in the gas supply line (15, 24, 28) is introduced to the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27). 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a partial flow of the gases in the circuit through ™ the reaction zones is guided. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both reaction zones at least over are in open communication with one another for part of their length. - 17 - 209845/1006 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suspended material after passing through the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) separated from the gas and the essentially closed material layer of the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) is supplied. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residence time of the material in the Material layer of the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) by slowing down or acceleration of the material transport is influenced. 13. Device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized by a reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) with a gas supply line (I5, 28) and a gas discharge line (8) and one of the reaction chambers (1, 23, 27) in the gas discharge line downstream separator (2), whose product discharge (9, 10, 26, 29) into the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) joins. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the reaction chamber (1, 23, 27) is designed as a rotary drum which is provided with a variable-speed drive. - 18 - 209845/1006 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the reaction drum on the inlet side and the outlet side Each end is provided with a side wall (19, 20), the side wall (I9) arranged at the inlet end is higher educated. 16. Apparatus according to claim 14 or 15 , characterized in that the reaction drum is equipped on the inside over at least part of its length with internals, such as lifting blades (21), baffle rings. (1 '), screw flights (1'') or the like. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the lifting blades (21) are pivotable in the reaction drum are arranged and adjustable from the outside. 18. Device according to one of claims I5 to I7, characterized characterized in that from the separator (2) to the bottom of the reaction chamber (l) is provided with a gas-tight Gutaustragorgan (11) Gutzuführungsleitung (9 * 10) leads, and that at the chamber outlet one with the inner space of the chamber (1) in connection and also with a gas-tight material discharge element provided material discharge funnel is arranged. - 19 - 209845/1006 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reaction chamber (1, 2j5, 27) completely or partially lined with refractory material
is. 20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through a combustion chamber (3) upstream of the reaction chamber (1) 21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a burner (22) which is arranged within the reaction chamber (2 ^). 20984 5 MOOR