DE212020000081U1 - Device for separating dispersions - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for separating dispersions by filtration, comprising a cylindrical housing, inside which a cylindrical rotating filter element with a perforated / porous filter surface is attached to a drive shaft of an electric motor, mounted coaxially and with a tube with openings for the withdrawal of the filtrate from the inner chamber of the filter element, the housing being connected at its upper part by an inlet channel to a supply line for the dispersion that is filtered and connected at its lower part to a discharge line for removing the sediment and the unfiltered part of the input stream, thereby characterized in that - an upper base of the cylindrical housing (17) is designed in the form of an upper centering plate (22), in the center of which a drive shaft (25) is attached through an upper annular holding element (24) on which a rotating filter element ( 18) is attached immediately where the speed of which is adjustable; - the device is also equipped with a conical filtrate collection unit (8) which is separated from the cylindrical housing (17) by a lower centering plate (23); - a filtrate outlet pipe on the underside of the rotating filter element (18) (26) is installed, which is held by a lower annular holding element (24) which is attached in the middle of the lower centering plate (23), while the opposite end of the filtrate outlet tube (26) on a disc-shaped holding element (27) on the underside the filtrate collection unit (8); - the openings in the filtrate outlet pipe (26) are only formed within the filtrate collection unit (8); - the inlet channel (4) for the dispersion to be filtered is connected to a pressure pump (2), the pressure increasing - A filtrate outlet channel (9) is connected to a suction pump (12), whereby the pressure can be reduced.

Description

Technical area

The utility model relates to techniques for separating liquid heterogeneous dispersed systems, in particular devices with a filter element that moves during the filtration process, namely a device for tangential dynamic filtration with a self-cleaning filter element.

The utility model is intended for the cleaning of fluids in the oil, oil refining, metallurgy, shipbuilding, textile, mechanical engineering, chemical, food and agricultural industries and other branches of industry, in particular for water purification and treatment.

Background of the utility model

In conventional partial flow and full flow filters, dispersed contaminants are separated from the liquid either only by the flow or only as a result of the movement of the filter element with respect to the flow.

In devices according to the prior art for phase separation of heterogeneous dispersed systems, the flow of the filtered liquid or dispersion is usually aligned perpendicular to the filter surface, with particles whose size is comparable to or larger than the filter cell when they enter the cell, clogging it resulting in clogging of the filter element and loss of filtering properties. Therefore, the filtration must be stopped and the filter element either replaced or cleaned.

To solve this problem, a filtration device with a rotating filter element was developed, the design of which provides the possibility of self-cleaning of the filter element. Known devices for phase separation for heterogeneous dispersed systems (suspensions and emulsions) with rotating filter elements, wherein the current to be filtered is supplied to the outer surface of the filter element, usually comprise a housing in which a filter element with a porous surface rotates, an electric motor, which the filter element rotates, an inlet channel for the medium to be filtered, an outlet channel for the filtrate and a channel for sediment removal as well as inlet and outlet lines. Some devices are provided with special means for cleaning the filter element.

In known solutions, the perforated (porous) outer surface of the filter element is mentioned in one way or another.

A self-cleaning filter according to the patent RU 2067017 (published September 27, 1996) is known to be a rotating cylindrical filter element to which a medium to be filtered is supplied through nozzles under pressure and at high speed, in and against its direction of rotation, to induce turbulence in the flow. The disadvantage of this utility model is the complexity of the construction and the instability of the operation of the device due to the use of a backward movement of the filter element. In addition, the use of multidirectional fluid flows impairs their rinsing ability and the self-cleaning of the filter element.

The patent U.S. 4,551,242 , published on May 11, 1985 (Device for a dynamic classification of suspensions of solids in liquids) describes a device for the dynamic separation of suspensions of solids in liquids, consisting of a cylindrical housing with a conical bottom in which a rotating perforated cylindrical element, which is covered with a gauze fabric, is coaxially attached to a hollow drive shaft. The suspension to be filtered is introduced into the annular space between the cylindrical housing and the rotating cylinder covered with a gauze mesh. In this case, as a result of the action of centrifugal forces, particles which accumulate on the surface of the filter element and the diameter of which is larger than the size of a gauze mesh cell are thrown onto the wall of the housing of the device, and the filtrate containing particles having a diameter , which is smaller than the size of the gauze mesh, enters the filter element, from where it is discharged through the hollow drive shaft.

The disadvantage of this design is the inadequate self-cleaning ability of the filter element due to the built-in ribs, which on the one hand increase the turbulence of the filtered fluid flow and on the other hand reduce the flushing effect of the flow on the surface of the gauze mesh. In addition, this device allows only a relatively coarse filtration because of the use of the gauze mesh.

In which U.S. Patent 5,160,633 , published November 3, 1992 (Frontal Separator System for Separating Particles from Beverage Liquids), the fluid to be filtered is also directed to the outer surface of the rotating filter element. This device is intended for juice filtration. Their disadvantage is their insufficient efficiency due to the supply of the fluid to be filtered to the filter surface (the jacket) of the filter element from top to bottom. This is why the solid particles that are on the surface of the filter element are rinsed out accumulate, inefficient, and complete self-cleaning of the filter element is not achieved.

The U.S. Patent 5,401,422 , published on March 28, 1995 (Separation Method for Solid Components of a Suspension and Device for Carrying Out the Method) describes a method and a device for separating particles of a photographic suspension on a rotating filter according to their mass. In this device the liquid to be filtered is passed through a channel which is arranged in the lower part of the housing, and the outlet is arranged in the upper part. The filtrate is removed through a channel located on the lower part of the filter element. This construction makes the filtration process more efficient, but the self-cleaning of the filter element is difficult because the movement of the liquid flow upwards hinders the removal of solid particles from the surface of the filter element. In the case described in the patent this is not essential, since the device is used for the filtration of photographic suspensions in which the content of filtered particles is small and their specific gravity is at least five times higher than the density of water. Under other conditions, with a higher concentration of the solid phase, such an alignment of the liquid flow would lead to a rapid clogging of the filter element. Regarding the construction, the patent is EP 1044713 , published October 1, 1999 (Method and Apparatus for Clarifying a Fluid Flow Containing Finely Divided Solids). It describes a device comprising a cylindrical housing in which a porous filter element is rotated by an electric motor and wherein the liquid to be filtered is supplied tangentially to the surface of the filter element. The liquid passes through the pores of the filter element inside the element, enters the hollow outlet tube that runs the full height of the filter element and moves up the tube, then the filtrate is removed from the top of the device and the sediment, that has accumulated on the filter element jacket during the filtration is at least partially washed off the surface of the filter element by the flow of the liquid to be filtered.

The disadvantages of this known device are the low maximum linear speed of the filter element, which for a diameter of the filter element of 40 cm, as indicated in the patent, corresponds to 150 rpm, which means that solid particles are removed from the surface of the filter element accumulate, is totally inadequate. For this reason, ultrasonic emitters are attached to the housing of the known filtration unit, which are intended to ensure that the sediment is thrown off the filter element and is subsequently flushed out by the flow of the liquid to be filtered and the sediment is removed from the filter. However, this still seems inadequate, since this construction is provided with numerous special washing nozzles for a regeneration of the filter element, which are oriented tangentially to the outer surface of the filter element and are intended to remove solid particles by high pressure washing liquid flows. To use the washer nozzles to regenerate the filter element, the filtration process must be stopped.

Another disadvantage of the above-mentioned structure can be seen in the wide inlet channel of the initial dispersion, which does not allow a precisely guided inlet of the liquid to be filtered tangential to the surface of the filter element and thus dramatically reduces both the efficiency of the filtration and that of the self-cleaning of the filter element. In addition, such an arrangement and shape of the inlet channel for the liquid to be filtered creates countercurrents in the space around the filter element, which significantly increases the hydrodynamic resistance of the device as a whole. Additional disturbances and resistance to the movement of the fluid flow are created by projections on the inner surface of the housing of the filtration unit, which serve to generate turbulence in the flow.

Overall, the construction shown in the patent is overly complicated, although it is only designed to clear the liquid to be filtered from solid, non-plastic particles. The specific range of solids content from 1 mg / l to 10 g / l is insufficient for cleaning liquids with a higher content of insoluble impurities.

If the filtrate moves from bottom to top inside the filter element, there is also an additional resistance to the passage of the filtrate through the pores of the filter material, which in turn requires an increase in the pressure of the liquid to be filtered, which is fed to the housing of the filter device .

1. 1. Schwache Selbstreinigung der Filterelemente, was deren Leistung reduziert.
2. 2. Der eingeschränkte Anwendungsbereich der beschriebenen Vorrichtungen, die dafür ausgelegt sind, hauptsächlich wässrige Dispersionen zu filtern, d.h. Systeme mit niedriger Viskosität. Bei einem Anstieg der Viskosität der Initialdispersionen verringert sich ihre Effizienz stark aufgrund der Verwendung geringer Drehzahlen des Filterelements und geringer Drücke (Zufuhrraten) der zu filternden Flüssigkeiten oder Dispersionen, d.h. der Druckabfall zwischen der Außenfläche des Filterelements und seinem Innenraum ist unzureichend für eine wirksame Funktion des Filters.
3. 3. Rasches Zusetzen der Poren des Filterelements, wenn Dispersionen mit plastischen oder klebrigen Partikeln einer Feststoffphase gefiltert werden (wie Plankton, Farbpartikel, Haushalts-Abwasser aus Höfen und Dörfern mit Vieh- und Geflügelhaltung usw.).
4. 4. Instabilität der Leistung, wenn die Zusammensetzung des zu filternden Fluids geändert wird.
5. 5. Eingeschränkter Anwendungsbereich bei Verwendung von Filtermaterialien mit kleiner Porengröße (0,2-5 µm).
6. 6. Die Notwendigkeit, bei einer Reihe von Konstruktionen beim Rückspülen anzuhalten und das System zu entleeren.

The general disadvantages of the above devices for tangential dynamic filtration include the following:

1. 1. Weak self-cleaning of the filter elements, which reduces their performance.
2. 2. The limited scope of the devices described, which are designed to filter mainly aqueous dispersions, ie systems with low viscosity. If the viscosity of the initial dispersions increases, their efficiency is greatly reduced due to the use of low speeds of the filter element and low pressures ( Feed rates) of the liquids or dispersions to be filtered, ie the pressure drop between the outer surface of the filter element and its interior is insufficient for the filter to function effectively.
3. 3. Rapid clogging of the pores of the filter element when filtering dispersions with plastic or sticky particles of a solid phase (such as plankton, paint particles, household waste water from farms and villages with cattle and poultry farming, etc.).
4. 4. Instability in performance when the composition of the fluid being filtered is changed.
5. 5. Limited area of application when using filter materials with small pore sizes (0.2-5 µm).
6. 6. The need to stop backwashing and drain the system on a number of designs.

In addition, the pressure drop that occurs in the known devices between the outer surface of the filter element and its inner volume is insufficient for the filter to function effectively. In addition, a further increase in the supply rate of the fluid to be filtered does not lead to an improvement in the operating performance.

• - Verstärken der wirksamen Selbstreinigung der Außenfläche des Filterelements, was besonders wichtig ist, wenn hochviskose Medien gefiltert werden, bei hohem Feststoffanteil (mehr als 10 g/l), hoher Duktilität und/oder Klebrigkeit der Feststoffpartikel;
• - Verbessern der Leistung der Vorrichtung bei Arbeit mit den oben genannten dispergierten Systemen;
• - Erhöhen der Dauer des ununterbrochenen Filtrationsvorgangs und Hinauszögern der Notwendigkeit, den Vorgang anzuhalten und den Inhalt der Vorrichtung auszuleeren, um das Filterelement zu reinigen;
• - Schaffen der Möglichkeit der Rückspülung des Filterelements, wenn Feststoffpartikel die Poren des Materials zusetzen;
• - Vereinfachen des Aufbaus der Filtrationseinheit durch Verzicht auf Ultraschall-Emitter, zusätzliche Waschdüsen usw.

The known technical solutions are unsuitable for the separation of liquid, dispersed systems with a high solid phase content (up to 15%), as they do not offer a solution to problems such as the following:

• - Enhancement of the effective self-cleaning of the outer surface of the filter element, which is particularly important when highly viscous media are filtered, with a high solid content (more than 10 g / l), high ductility and / or stickiness of the solid particles;
• Improving the performance of the device when working with the above-mentioned dispersed systems;
• Increasing the duration of the continuous filtration process and delaying the need to stop the process and empty the contents of the device in order to clean the filter element;
• - Creation of the possibility of backwashing the filter element if solid particles clog the pores of the material;
• - Simplification of the structure of the filtration unit by dispensing with ultrasonic emitters, additional washing nozzles, etc.

The task of the utility model is to increase the efficiency, productivity and stability of the technology of separating heterogeneous liquid dispersed systems and to expand their area of application.

The technical task of the utility model is to create a filter system, the means to increase the efficiency of the filter device, especially when working with fluids that (a) have a high viscosity, (b) have a high density and / or (c) plastic solid particles or contain sticky solid particles, and (d) for fluids with a high solids content (over 10 g / l), as well as means to simplify the cleaning of the filter element.

MODEL DISCLOSURE

Brief description of the utility model

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a technical solution is proposed which comprises a set of features as set out in the claims.

The inventive device for separating dispersions by filtration comprises a cylindrical housing, in the interior of which a cylindrical rotating filter element with a perforated filter surface is attached to the drive shaft of the electric motor, attached coaxially and with a pipe with openings for the withdrawal of the filtrate from the inner chamber of the Filter element is provided, the housing being connected at its upper part through the inlet channel to a supply line for the dispersion which is cleaned and at its lower part being connected to a discharge line for removing the sediment and the unfiltered part of the stream.

• - ist die obere Basis des zylindrischen Gehäuses in Form einer oberen Zentrierungsplatte ausgebildet, in deren Mitte eine Antriebswelle durch das obere ringförmige Halteelement hindurch angebracht ist, an dem ein rotierendes Filterelement unmittelbar angebracht ist, wobei dessen Drehzahl einstellbar ist;
• - ist die Vorrichtung weiterhin mit einer konischen Filtratsammeleinheit ausgestattet, die von der Unterseite des zylindrischen Gehäuses durch eine untere Zentrierungsplatte getrennt ist;
• - ist an der Unterseite des rotierenden Filterelements ein Filtratauslassrohr installiert, das von einem unteren ringförmigen Halteelement gehalten wird, das in der Mitte der unteren Zentrierungsplatte angebracht ist, während das gegenüberliegende Ende des Filtratauslassrohrs an dem scheibenförmigen Halteelement an der Unterseite der Filtratsammeleinheit anliegt;
• - sind die Öffnungen in dem Filtratauslassrohr nur innerhalb der Filtratsammeleinheit ausgebildet;
• - ist der Einlasskanal für die Dispersion, die gereinigt wird, mit der Druckpumpe verbunden, wobei der Druck erhöht werden kann;
• - ist der Auslasskanal des Filtrats mit der Saugpumpe verbunden, wobei der Druck verringert werden kann.

In the device according to the invention:

• the upper base of the cylindrical housing is designed in the form of an upper centering plate, in the center of which a drive shaft is attached through the upper annular holding element, to which a rotating filter element is directly attached, the speed of which is adjustable;
• the device is further equipped with a conical filtrate collection unit which is separated from the underside of the cylindrical housing by a lower centering plate;
• - A filtrate outlet pipe is installed on the underside of the rotating filter element, which is held by a lower annular holding element which is attached in the middle of the lower centering plate, while the opposite end of the filtrate outlet pipe is attached the disk-shaped holding element rests on the underside of the filtrate collection unit;
• the openings in the filtrate outlet pipe are only formed inside the filtrate collection unit;
• the inlet channel for the dispersion that is being cleaned is connected to the pressure pump, whereby the pressure can be increased;
• - the outlet channel of the filtrate is connected to the suction pump, whereby the pressure can be reduced.

The filter surface of the filter element (the jacket) of the device according to the invention is made of porous or cellular material with a pore / mesh size of 0.2 μm to 100 μm.

Said upper and lower ring-shaped holding elements and the disk-shaped holding element of the device according to the utility model are configured to maintain a rotation at a speed of up to 5,000 rpm, for example in the form of a bearing block.

In the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the inner surface of the cylindrical housing is formed with spiral-shaped depressions, and the inlet channel is designed so that it ends in the form of a vertical, slot-like nozzle in the wall of the housing, and up to six such slot-like nozzles can be symmetrical be arranged on the housing of the filter device.

The depth of said spiral depressions does not exceed 0.25% of the radius of the filter element, and the slot height of the slot-like nozzle of the inlet channel is up to 10% of the height of the filter element.

In the method for separating dispersions by filtration using the device according to the utility model, the filtration is carried out in both partial flow and full flow mode; the dispersion to be cleaned is fed to the rotating filter element at a pressure of 120-1,013 kPa through one or more slot-like nozzles, the speed of rotation being able to be set in the range of 800-5,000 rpm tangential to its filter surface, and when the fed stream is on hits the spiral-shaped recesses of the housing, it is rotated further around the filter element in its direction of rotation and moves downwards together with the unfiltered part of the flow; in addition, an increased pressure is created in the gap between the housing and the filter element, and a vacuum is created in the inner chamber of the filter element and the filtrate collection unit.

When the device is operating in the partial flow filtration mode, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet channel and the outlet channel is selected from the range of 10: 1-2, provided that the amount of the unfiltered part of the flow is 10-15% by volume of the initial dispersion that is purified will not exceed.

When the device is operating in full flow filtration mode, the outlet channel is closed, periodically opening it to gush outflow of sediment while the entire flow of the dispersion being cleaned is passed through the filter element.

In the method using the device according to the utility model, the filtration unit is installed vertically, and the unfiltered part of the stream is recycled to go through the cycle again when the target product is maximally pure filtrate, while in the case when when the target product is a sediment, the device is arranged at an angle, for example 45 °, which allows the sediment to sink.

Figure list

• 1 zeigt ein Gesamtschema zum Filtern heterogener dispergierter Systeme.
• 2 zeigt eine Gesamtansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß dem Gebrauchsmuster zum Trennen von Dispersionen (Filtrationseinheit).
• 3 stellt die schlitzartige Düse des Einlasskanals für die Dispersion, die gereinigt wird, sowie das Schema der auftretenden Ströme im Inneren des Gehäuses gemäß dem Gebrauchsmuster dar.
• 4 zeigt ein Beispiel des Aufbaus einer Vorrichtung zum Fraktionieren von Fluid-Medien mit erhöhter Viskosität der flüssigen Phase und/oder einem hohen Feststoffanteil.

The essence of the technical solution according to the invention is illustrated by the drawings.

• 1 shows an overall scheme for filtering heterogeneous dispersed systems.
• 2 shows an overall view of the device according to the utility model for separating dispersions (filtration unit).
• 3 shows the slot-like nozzle of the inlet channel for the dispersion that is cleaned, as well as the scheme of the currents occurring inside the housing according to the utility model.
• 4th shows an example of the structure of a device for fractionating fluid media with increased viscosity of the liquid phase and / or a high proportion of solids.

The overall scheme for filtering liquid heterogeneous dispersed systems ( 1 ), the main element of which is the device according to the invention for separating dispersions by tangential dynamic filtration (filtration unit), comprises a container 1 for the medium to be filtered, ie the liquid or dispersion to be cleaned, a pressure pump 2 , a supply line 3 for the medium to be filtered, ie the liquid or dispersion to be cleaned, an inlet channel 4th for the medium to be filtered with a pressure regulator that adjusts the pressure inside the housing 17th the filtration unit 7th allows an exhaust port 5 with an adjustable throttle to regulate the discharge of sediment and the unfiltered part of the stream, a discharge line 6th for removing the sediment and the unfiltered part of the inflowing stream, the device itself for the separation of dispersions (hereinafter referred to as the filtration unit) 7th , a filtrate collection unit 8th , a filtrate outlet channel 9 , a filtrate discharge line 10 , a container to collect the sediment and the unfiltered portion of the incoming stream 11 , a suction pump 12 that is attached to a pipe that carries the filtrate from the filtration unit 7th leads away, creating a vacuum inside the filter element, a filtrate collection container 13 , an electric motor 14th with a drive with the possibility of speed adjustment, a bypass 15th taking the excess of the medium to be filtered to the container 1 for the filtered dispersion returns a container 16 for liquid that is used for backwashing the filter element, if necessary.

The filtration unit 7th ( 2 ) according to the utility model comprises a cylindrical housing 17th inside of which a filter element 18th with a cylindrical mesh-like / porous filter surface (a filter element jacket) 19th is arranged coaxially. On the inside surface of the case 17th the filtration unit are spiral-shaped recesses 21st formed, which allows a directional movement of the dispersion that is cleaned to the filter element down. The depth of the spiral indentations exceeds 2.5% of the gap between the inner surface of the housing of the filtration unit and the outer surface of the filter element ( 0 , 25% of the radius of the filter element). The spiral depressions 21st contribute to the organization of the uniform movement of the flow of the medium to be filtered around the filter element in its direction of rotation.

The coat 19th of the filter element 18th may be made of mesh-like or porous corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel, brass, bronze or polymer mesh, porous membranes, polymer, ceramic membranes, etc. and similar inert materials having a cell / pore size of 100-0.2 µm to have.

At least one inlet port 4th is arranged in the upper third of the housing in order to transfer the dispersion or liquid to be cleaned under pressure into the filtration unit 7th to introduce. Any of the channels 4th ends at the point of exit from the wall of the housing 17th into the annular gap between the housing of the filtration unit and the surface of the filter element in a vertical, slit-like opening (hereinafter: nozzle 28 of the inlet channel) with a height of up to 10% of the height of the filter element, for example with a size of 1 x 10 cm. Up to six (e.g. one or two) channels 4th are symmetrical around the circumference of the case 17th the filtration unit arranged so that the supplied liquid or dispersion in the housing 17th enters through the nozzle (s) 28 tangential to the surface of the filter element and against its direction of rotation ( 3 ). The channel 4th is provided with or connected to pressure control means, for example an adjustable throttle.

In the lower part of the case 17th the filtration unit is an outlet channel 5 provided, through which the unfiltered part of the stream and the sediment formed are removed. The outlet duct 5 can be provided with an adjustable throttle.

The top and bottom bases of the cylindrical housing 17th of the filtration unit are the upper 22 and lower centering plates 23 with sealing rings, sealing sleeves and ring-shaped retaining elements 24 such as bearing blocks that ensure smooth and even rotation of the filter element. The centering plates ensure the tightness of the housing of the filtration unit and the structural separation of the liquid or dispersion that is being filtered from the filtrate, as well as the possibility of rapid rotation of the filter element without knocking.

Through the sealing sleeves and the bearing blocks of the annular retaining elements 24 the upper centering plate 22nd the drive shaft runs 25th through the housing 17th the filtration unit, with the cylindrical filter element on the shaft 18th is appropriate. The drive shaft 25th is with the electric motor 14th connected, the speed of the drive shaft is adjustable, and transmits the rotation to the filter element 18th .

The filter element 18th is inside the case 17th the filtration unit arranged coaxially to it. The distance between the inner surface of the filtration unit housing 17th and the coat 19th of the filter element 18th should not exceed 10% of the radius of the filter element. The bottom of the cylindrical case 17th the filtration unit 7th is the lower centering plate 23 , to which a filtrate collection unit 8th is attached, which tapers downwards, with a filtrate outlet channel 9 . Through the sealing sleeves and the annular retaining element 24 (the bearing block) of the lower centering plate 23 runs a filtrate outlet pipe with openings 26th that is with the bottom of the filter element 18th connected is. The filtrate is from the inner chamber 20th of the filter element 18th through the filtrate outlet pipe 26th away.

In the lower part of the filtrate collection unit 8th is a disk-shaped retaining element 27 , ie a Bearing block installed, centering the filtrate outlet pipe 26th ensures. The openings in the filtrate outlet pipe 26th create a hydraulic connection of the filtrate inside the chamber 20th of the filter element 18th and the filtrate collection unit 8th regardless of their structural independence.

Operation of the device

The liquid to be cleaned (dispersion) is supplied by the injection pump 2 along the supply lines 3 under a pressure which is adjustable in the range from 120 to 1,013 kPa, one or more inlet channels 4th fed in the upper part of the cylindrical housing 17th the filtration unit are arranged, this channel (s) in slot-shaped nozzles 28 ends in the housing of the filtration unit. The liquid or dispersion that pressurizes the one or more inlet channels 4th passes through, hits the rotating filter element 18th that's inside the case 17th of the filtration unit coaxial thereto and tangential to the jacket 19th of the filter element is arranged. When passing through the slot-like nozzles 28 the inlet ducts 4th and striking the spiral depressions 21st on the inner surface of the housing 17th of the filtration unit, the stream supplied swirls around the filter element 18th in its direction of rotation. This leads to an additional uniformity of the contact of the liquid to be cleaned over the entire outer surface (the jacket) 19th the filter element and, most importantly, to effectively wash the sediment from the mantle 19th of the filter element.

The filter element 18th is powered by an electric motor 14th driven, the one above the filtration unit 7th is arranged and has a speed of 800 to 5,000 rpm and offers the possibility of the speed by a drive shaft 25th mechanically linked to it and through the upper centering plate 22nd in the housing 17th the filtration unit enters. About the tightness of the filtration unit 7th in the connection area with the housing 17th to secure, has the upper centering plate 22nd a sealing ring on, and in the area that the drive shaft 25th passes through, it has sealing collars (not identified by individual reference numerals), which are above and below the annular retaining element in the form of bearing blocks 24 are arranged, causing a smooth rotation of the drive shaft 25th ensures.

The liquid or dispersion to be cleaned, created by the action of the overpressure in the housing 17th the filtration unit by the pressure pump 2 was created, and by an additional vacuum of 50 to 10 kPa, which is inside the inner chamber 20th of the filter element 18th by the suction pump 12 on the filtrate discharge line 10 is arranged, generated, on the mantle 19th of the filter element 18th has hit runs through the porous / mesh-like jacket 19th the filter material into the inner chamber 20th of the filter element 18th , while solid particles of the filtered dispersion on the jacket 19th of the filter element 18th are retained and washed off by the tangential flow of the dispersion that is being cleaned and then by the action of centrifugal forces at the predetermined speeds of the filter element 18th arise, be torn off and ejected. Enlarged solid particles are under the action of centrifugal forces on the inner walls of the housing 17th The filtration unit is collected and, together with the flow of the dispersion to be purified, is led to the lower part of the filtration unit, from where it passes through the outlet channel 5 along with the unfiltered power from the housing 17th the filtration unit 7th subtracted from. The downward flow of fluid occurs naturally due to the withdrawal of some of the unfiltered liquid (approximately 15% of the total volume of the supplied liquid) and sediment. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet duct 4th and the outlet duct 5 should be in the range from 10: 1 to 10: 2, and the amount of unfiltered dispersion (stream B, 2 ) is not more than 10-15 Volume percent of the initial dispersion to be filtered (stream A).

The one in the inner chamber 20th of the filter element 18th Collected filtrate is released through a filtrate outlet tube 26th that is mechanically attached to the underside of the cylindrical filter element 18th attached and hydraulic to the filtrate collection unit 8th connected, removed from it. The filtrate outlet pipe 26th runs through the lower centering plate 23 that like the top centering plate 22nd with a sealing ring, sealing sleeves and an annular retaining element in the form of a bearing block 24 is provided, whereby the filtrate collection unit 8th structurally separated from the interior of the filtration unit with the filtered dispersion, but hydraulically connected to it. Through the openings in the filtrate outlet pipe 26th the filtrate enters the filtrate collection unit 8th one from where it passes through the filtrate outlet channel 9 into the filtrate discharge pipe 10 running, and after it the suction pump 12 has passed through, it becomes an external filtrate collection tank 13 fed. In the lower part of the filtrate collection unit 8th the filtrate outlet pipe rests 26th on the disc-shaped retaining bearing block 27 which ensures the stability, the centering and the smooth rotation of the outlet pipe 26th ensures.

Unexpectedly, it was found that with an increase in the speed of the filter element to the specified range, it was three to five times finer Purification was achieved than would be expected based on the pore size of the shell.

When the filtration unit is used in partial flow filtration mode as described above, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the inlet channel and the outlet channel is selected from the range from 10: 1 to 10: 2, while the amount of unfiltered dispersion is 10-15% of the volume of the to filtering initial dispersion does not exceed (stream A).

When the device is used in full flow filtration mode, the sediment outlet channel is completely blocked and is periodically opened to allow sediment to flow out in gushes. In this case, the entire flow of the liquid or dispersion to be filtered is passed through the filter element.

If the target product of the device is sediment, the filtration unit is installed at a 45 ° angle to the horizontal surface on which the device is mounted ( 4th ), which allows the sediment to sink vertically downwards. However, in order to separate the maximum pure filtrate, the device must be installed vertically ( 2 ).

Embodiments of the utility model

In the following, types of implementation of the utility model are presented, which illustrate the utility model, but do not limit the scope of protection.

Example 1: Treatment of household wastewater

The initial dispersion, which is the waste water of a hut village, which contains 1,800 mg / dm ³ (1.8 g / l) suspended particles, was at a pressure of 152 kPa through an inlet channel into the housing of the filtration unit into a cylindrical filter element with an outer diameter of 0.15 m and a filter area of 0.19 m ² , which rotates at a speed of 1,500 rpm. The size of the filter cells was 30 × 30 µm and the active cross-section of the mesh was 75%. To improve the performance of the device, an additional vacuum of 70 kPa was created inside the filter element. The filtrate capacity of the device was 4.0 m ³ / h, the amount of suspended particles in the filtrate did not exceed 80 mg / dm ³ (0.08 g / l) after filtration. Thus the degree of water purification was more than 95.5%.

Example 2: Fractionation of Kaolin Clays

An aqueous suspension of kaolin clay with solid impurities, the solid-to-water ratio of which was 25:75, was fed at a pressure of 172 kPa through an inlet channel into the housing of the filtration unit to a cylindrical filter element which was rotated at a speed of 1,500 RPM rotated, had a diameter of 0.15 m and a filter area of 0.19 m ² . The mesh size of the filter material (mesh made of stainless steel) was 26 × 26 μm, the active cross section of the mesh was 70%. In order to improve the performance of the device, a vacuum of 50 kPa was additionally created inside the filter element. In order to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the filter, approximately 10% of the initial suspension was discharged through the sediment discharge line. As a result of the filtration, sand particles and other solid particles larger than 20 µm were completely removed from the kaolin clays, while the loss of the target substance was not more than 0.25%. The uniformity and plasticity of the final product were greatly increased. The filtration capacity of the device was 3.0 m ³ / h.

Example 3: River water purification from algae

River water with an average content of algae biomass of 6 kg / m ³ (6 g / l), which corresponds to the algae content in places of their accumulation during the flowering period of the water reservoir, was at a pressure of 250 kPa through an inlet channel into the housing the filtration unit led to a cylindrical filter element which rotated at a speed of 1,500 rpm, had a diameter of 0.15 m and a filter area of 0.19 m ² . The pore diameter of the filter material was 5 µm and the porosity of the filter material was 75%. In order to improve the performance of the device, a vacuum of 30.4 kPa was additionally created inside the filter element. Approximately 15% of the treated water with the sediment formed as a result of the filtration was drained into the sediment collection tank. As a result of the filtration, almost 100% of the algae were removed from the water, and their content in the filtrate was 1.25 g / m ³ (0.00125 g / L). The filtrate capacity of the device was 2.5 m ³ / h.

Example 4: Swimming pool water purification from blue-green algae (Cyan prokaryotes)

Water from a swimming pool with a biomass content from blue-green algae of 8 mg / dm ³ (0.008 g / l) was fed at a pressure of 304 kPa through an inlet channel into the housing of the filtration unit to a cylindrical filter element, which was rotated at a speed of 2,000 U / min rotated, had a diameter of 0.15 m and a filter area of 0.19 m ² . The pore diameter of the filter material was 1 μm, the porosity of the filter material was 60%. To improve the performance of the device, an additional vacuum of 50.66 kPa was created inside the filter element. Due to the low content of blue-green algae in the water, the filter was used in full flow mode, the filtered sediment was drained away in one gush per hour. Since the average size of the blue-green algae is 3-5 µm, no blue-green algae were detected in the filtrate after the water passed through the filter. The presence of algae in the filtrate was observed microscopically. The performance of the device was 2.5 m ³ / h.

Example 5: Extraction of plankton from water reservoirs

River water with an average content of algae biomass of 6 kg / m ³ (6 g / l), which corresponds to the algae content in places of their accumulation during the flowering period of the water reservoir, was at a pressure of 250 kPa through an inlet channel into the housing the filtration unit led to a cylindrical filter element which rotated at a speed of 1,500 rpm, had a diameter of 0.15 m and a filter area of 0.19 m ² . The pore diameter of the filter material was 2 µm and the porosity of the filter material was 70%. In order to improve the performance of the device, a vacuum of 30.4 kPa was additionally created inside the filter element. Since it was necessary to remove a large amount of sediment, the filtration unit was placed at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal surface on which the device was mounted ( 4th ) so that the sediment outlet channel was directed downwards. For a uniform removal of the sediment and a reduction in the hydraulic resistance in the device, approximately 5% of the liquid that was filtered was discharged into the sediment collecting tank together with the filtered sediment. As the average algae size 2 to 20th µm, almost 100% of the algae were removed from the water as a result of the filtration, and their content in the filtrate was 1.25 g / m ³ (0.00125 g / L). The performance of the device was 12 kg of algae per hour on a dry product basis.

The technical solution according to the invention enables a combination of the modes of a partial flow filter and a full flow filter depending on the tasks, which makes it possible to improve the quality of the cleaned liquid and to significantly expand the application range of such filter devices.

1. 1. Ein optimales Verhältnis der Tangential- und Normalkomponenten der Fluidströmungsgeschwindigkeit und der darin suspendierten Partikel entlang der gesamten Oberfläche des Filterelements wird geschaffen.
2. 2. Die hohe Drehzahl des Filterelements (von 800 bis 5.000 U/min), die eine wirksame Reinigung der Oberfläche des Filterelements von Feststoffpartikeln bewirkt, die sich an seiner Oberfläche ansammeln, ermöglicht aufgrund der kombinierten Wirkung von Zentrifugalkräften und der tangentialen Bewegung der Flüssigkeit, die gefiltert wird, bezüglich der Filterfläche, die unproduktive Abfuhr von Flüssigkeit beim Vorgang des Betriebs der Filtrationseinheit im Modus eines Vollstromfilters um das Zwei- bis Dreifache zu senken und ein Zusetzen der Zellen/Poren des Filterelements zu minimieren oder zu vermeiden.
3. 3. Außerdem ist die Drehzahl des Filterelements wesentlich höher (wenigstens 5 bis 33-mal) im Vergleich zu der bekannten Vorrichtung, was dabei hilft, die Feinheit der Filtration zu erhöhen, und ermöglicht, Filterelemente mit einer größeren Poren-/Zellengröße zu verwenden, was wiederum die Effizienz und Leistung der Vorrichtung erhöht. Die Möglichkeit der Verwendung von Filtermaterialien mit Poren-/Maschengrößen von 100 bis 0,2 µm erweitert den Anwendungsbereich der Vorrichtung wesentlich.
4. 4. Das Medium, das gefiltert wird, wird bei einem einstellbaren Druck von 120 bis 1.013 kPa der Oberfläche des Filterelements zugeführt. Dieses Zuführen der zu reinigenden Dispersion unter Druck in das Gehäuse der Filtrationseinheit, während in der inneren Kammer des Filterelements ein Vakuum (von 50 bis 10 kPa) erzeugt wird, stellt einen stabilen Betrieb der Vorrichtung im Fall einer Änderung in der Zusammensetzung der zu filternden Flüssigkeit sicher. Außerdem ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion ein Einstellen des notwendigen Druckunterschieds zwischen der Außenfläche des Filterelements und seiner inneren Kammer, wodurch die Betriebseigenschaften der Vorrichtung verbessert werden und es ermöglicht wird, Flüssigkeiten mit einem hohen Anteil (bis zu 15%) an Feststoffen zu reinigen. Die Kombination einer hohen Drehzahl des Filterelements, eines Überdrucks der zu filternden Dispersion, der an der Außenfläche des Filterelements erzeugt wird, und eines leichten Unterdrucks in der inneren Kammer des Filterelements ermöglichen es, die erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen zum Filtern von Dispersionen mit erhöhter Viskosität der flüssigen Phase zu verwenden.
5. 5. Die Zufuhr der Flüssigkeit, die gefiltert wird, durch wenigstens eine schlitzartige Düse des Einlasskanals in dem Gehäuse der Filtrationseinheit ermöglicht es, einen genauer ausgerichteten Strom der zu reinigenden Dispersion zu erzielen, der tangential auf die Oberfläche des Filterelements trifft. Dies wiederum trägt auch zu dem wirksamen Ausspülen des angesammelten Sediments bei und stellt eine gute Selbstreinigung des Filterelements sicher. Eine gute Selbstreinigung des Filterelements erhöht auch wesentlich die Dauer des ununterbrochenen Betriebs der Vorrichtung und reduziert wesentlich die Verluste, die auftreten, wenn die Filtrationseinheit zum Rückspülen oder Auswechseln des Filterelements entleert wird.
6. 6. Spiralförmige Vertiefungen an der Innenfläche des Gehäuses der Filtrationseinheit, die dazu konfiguriert sind, die Effizienz des Reinigens des Filterelements durch den Fluidstrom zu erhöhen, erzeugen eine gerichtete Bewegung des Fluids, das gefiltert wird, um das Filterelement nach unten in der Rotationsrichtung des Filterelements, wodurch ein gleichmäßiger Strom des Mediums, das gefiltert wird, zu der Außenfläche des Filterelements und ein effizientes Auswaschen des Sediments daraus sichergestellt wird.
7. 7. Um die Effizienz der Vorrichtung zu verbessern, wird die gereinigte Flüssigkeit (das Filtrat) vom Boden des Filterelements abgezogen (während sich bei der bekannten Vorrichtung das Filtrat von unten nach oben bewegt), wodurch der Aufbau der Filtrationseinheit vereinfacht wird (das durch die Vorrichtung laufende Filterrohr wird entfernt) und der Druck der gefilterten Flüssigkeit reduziert wird, der für die Bewegung des Filtrats von unten nach oben erforderlich ist. Um die Entfernung großer Mengen an Sediment zu verbessern, die in dem unteren Teil des Filters gesammelt werden, ist die Installation der Filtrationseinheit in einem Winkel von 45° zu der horizontalen Oberfläche vorgesehen, wenn hoch kontaminierte Flüssigkeiten gereinigt werden und wenn eine Vorrichtung zum Konzentrieren der Feststoffphase verwendet wird.
8. 8. Wenn die Vorrichtung im Teilstromfiltermodus verwendet wird, erzeugen das optimale Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche des Einlass- und des Auslasskanals sowie das optimale Verhältnis der Menge an ungefilterter Dispersion zu dem Volumen der zu filternden Initialdispersion einen wesentlichen Anstieg der Leistung der Vorrichtung, ein Absinken des hydrodynamischen Widerstands und einen Anstieg der Feinheit der Filtration. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit der Verwendung der Vorrichtung in einem Teilstrommodus und der guten Selbstreinigung des Filterelements kann eine effiziente Filterung von Dispersion mit plastischen und/oder klebrigen Partikeln der Feststoffphase erzielt werden. Wenn die Vorrichtung im Vollstrommodus der Filtration verwendet wird, wird fast der gesamte Strom der zu filternden Flüssigkeit durch das Filterelement geleitet, was die vollständigste Extraktion des Filtrats ermöglicht.
9. 9. Aufgrund der hohen Selbstreinigungseffizienz des Filterelements besteht keine Notwendigkeit, Ultraschall-Emitter und/oder spezielle Reinigungseinrichtungen zu verwenden.
10. 10. Im Unterschied zu der bekannten Vorrichtung erzeugt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine echte Rückspülung der Poren/Zellen des Filtermaterials von eingefangenen Feststoffpartikeln durch einen Fluidstrom, der von der inneren Kammer des Filterelements nach außen in die Lücke zwischen dem Gehäuse der Filtrationseinheit und dem Mantel des Filterelements gerichtet ist. Wenn die Reinigung des Filterelements immer noch erforderlich ist, wird sie durch Rückspülen durchgeführt, wobei eine Waschflüssigkeit oder ein Waschfiltrat unter Druck im Inneren des Filterelements angewandt wird, wodurch eine vollständige Regeneration des Filterelements sichergestellt wird, im Unterschied zu einer äußerlichen Wäsche.

The solution according to the invention is characterized in particular by the following advantages:

1. 1. An optimal ratio of the tangential and normal components of the fluid flow velocity and the particles suspended therein along the entire surface of the filter element is created.
2. 2. The high speed of the filter element (from 800 to 5,000 rpm), which causes an effective cleaning of the surface of the filter element from solid particles that accumulate on its surface, allows due to the combined effect of centrifugal forces and the tangential movement of the liquid, which is filtered, with respect to the filter surface, reduce the unproductive removal of liquid during the operation of the filtration unit in the mode of a full-flow filter by two to three times and minimize or avoid clogging of the cells / pores of the filter element.
3. 3. In addition, the speed of rotation of the filter element is significantly higher (at least 5 to 33 times) compared to the known device, which helps to increase the fineness of the filtration and enables filter elements with a larger pore / cell size to be used, which in turn increases the efficiency and performance of the device. The possibility of using filter materials with pore / mesh sizes of 100 to 0.2 μm extends the field of application of the device considerably.
4. 4. The medium that is filtered is fed to the surface of the filter element at an adjustable pressure of 120 to 1013 kPa. This feeding of the dispersion to be purified under pressure into the housing of the filtration unit, while a vacuum (of 50 to 10 kPa) is created in the inner chamber of the filter element, ensures stable operation of the device in the event of a change in the composition of the liquid to be filtered for sure. In addition, the construction according to the invention enables the necessary pressure difference between the outer surface of the filter element and its inner chamber to be adjusted, which improves the operating characteristics of the device and enables liquids with a high proportion (up to 15%) of solids to be cleaned. The combination of a high speed of the filter element, an overpressure of the dispersion to be filtered, which is generated on the outer surface of the filter element, and a slight negative pressure in the inner chamber of the filter element make it possible to use the devices according to the invention for filtering dispersions with increased viscosity of the liquid phase to use.
5. 5. The supply of the liquid that is filtered through at least one slot-like nozzle of the inlet channel in the housing of the filtration unit makes it possible to achieve a more precisely aligned flow of the dispersion to be purified, which hits the surface of the filter element tangentially. This in turn also contributes to the effective flushing out of the accumulated sediment and ensures good self-cleaning of the filter element. Good self-cleaning of the filter element also significantly increases the duration of the uninterrupted operation of the device and significantly reduces the losses which occur when the filtration unit is emptied for backwashing or for changing the filter element.
6. 6. Spiral depressions on the inner surface of the housing of the filtration unit, which are configured to increase the efficiency of cleaning the filter element by the fluid flow, create a directional movement of the fluid that is filtered down around the filter element in the direction of rotation of the filter element thereby ensuring an even flow of the media being filtered to the outer surface of the filter element and efficient washing of the sediment therefrom.
7. 7. In order to improve the efficiency of the device, the purified liquid (the filtrate) is withdrawn from the bottom of the filter element (while in the known device the filtrate moves from bottom to top), which simplifies the structure of the filtration unit (which is achieved by the The device running filter tube is removed) and the pressure of the filtered liquid is reduced, which is necessary for the movement of the filtrate from bottom to top. In order to improve the removal of large amounts of sediment collected in the lower part of the filter, the installation of the filtration unit is provided at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal surface when cleaning highly contaminated liquids and when using a device for concentrating the Solid phase is used.
8. 8. When the device is used in partial flow filtering mode, the optimal ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet and outlet channels and the optimal ratio of the amount of unfiltered dispersion to the volume of the initial dispersion to be filtered produce a substantial increase in the performance of the device, a decrease in the hydrodynamic Resistance and an increase in the fineness of the filtration. Due to the possibility of using the device in a partial flow mode and the good self-cleaning of the filter element, efficient filtering of dispersion with plastic and / or sticky particles of the solid phase can be achieved. When the device is used in the full flow mode of filtration, almost all of the flow of liquid to be filtered is passed through the filter element, allowing the most complete extraction of the filtrate.
9. 9. Due to the high self-cleaning efficiency of the filter element, there is no need to use ultrasonic emitters and / or special cleaning devices.
10. 10. In contrast to the known device, the device according to the invention produces a real backwashing of the pores / cells of the filter material from trapped solid particles by a fluid flow which flows from the inner chamber of the filter element to the outside into the gap between the housing of the filtration unit and the jacket of the filter element is directed. If the cleaning of the filter element is still required, it is carried out by backwashing, using a washing liquid or a washing filtrate under pressure inside the filter element, thereby ensuring complete regeneration of the filter element, as opposed to external washing.

Commercial applicability

The technical solution according to the invention can be used both in agriculture and in other industrial areas where a separation of heterogeneous dispersed inclusions is required.

Primarily, such devices can be used to purify water from natural sources, i.e. rivers, lakes, artesian wells, sewage and process water, oils and other liquids, and sludge deposits and other materials containing dispersed contaminants, for removing mechanical contaminants from process fluids, for treatment of urban sewage, swimming pool water, as well as in continuous emptying and washing techniques in the chemical industry, in mining, in the metallurgical industry and in the food industry. The utility model can be used for the homogenization (adjustment of particle sizes) of the component composition of suspensions (only particles below a specified value pass the filter element), e.g. kaolin clay, colors etc., and concentration (removal of excess liquid from the system to be filtered, e.g. removal of Algae, other organic residues, etc.), for further production of biofuels, etc. The water purification of algae should be particularly promoted (as this trend is particularly relevant for the water uptake of industrial companies and power stations, where water is directed to settlements), including purification of pool water and water treatment from various water sources in the event of a disaster (such as earthquakes, floods etc.) if damage / destruction of central water supply systems has occurred.

1:

Behälter für die gefilterte Dispersion

2:

Druckpumpe

3:

Zufuhrleitung für das zu filternde Medium

4:

Einlasskanal mit einem Druckregler

5:

Auslasskanal mit einer einstellbaren Drosselung

6:

Abfuhrleitung zum Entfernen des Sediments und des ungefilterten Teils des Eingangsstroms

7:

Einrichtung zum Trennen von Dispersionen durch Filtration (Filtrationseinheit)

8:

Filtratsammeleinheit

9:

Filtratauslasskanal

10:

Filtratabfuhrleitung

11:

Behälter zum Sammeln von Sediment und dem ungefilterten Teil des Eingangsstroms

12:

Saugpumpe

13:

Fitratsammelbehälter

14:

Elektromotor mit einem Antrieb mit einstellbarer Drehzahl

15:

Umführung

16:

Behälter für Flüssigkeit, die zur Rückspülung des Filterelements verwendet wird

17:

Gehäuse der Filtrationseinheit

18:

Filterelement

19:

Filterelementoberfläche (maschenartiger/poröser Filtermantel)

20:

innere Kammer des Filterelements

21:

spiralförmige Vertiefungen an der Innenfläche des Gehäuses der Filtrationseinheit

22:

obere Zentrierungsplatte

23:

untere Zentrierungsplatte

24:

ringförmige Halteelemente der Zentrierungsplatte

25:

Antriebswelle

26:

Filtratauslassrohr mit Öffnungen

27:

scheibenförmiges Halteelement in Form von Lagerblöcken

28:

Düse des Einlasskanals.

List of reference numbers of the built-in elements and the device according to the invention for separating dispersions by filtration (filtration unit):

1:

Container for the filtered dispersion

2:

Pressure pump

3:

Feed line for the medium to be filtered

4:

Inlet port with a pressure regulator

5:

Outlet duct with adjustable throttling

6:

Discharge line for removing the sediment and the unfiltered part of the input stream

7:

Device for separating dispersions by filtration (filtration unit)

8th:

Filtrate collection unit

9:

Filtrate outlet channel

10:

Filtrate discharge line

11:

Containers for collecting sediment and the unfiltered portion of the input stream

12:

Suction pump

13:

Fitrate collection container

14:

Electric motor with a drive with adjustable speed

15:

Bypass

16:

Container for liquid that is used to backwash the filter element

17:

Housing of the filtration unit

18:

Filter element

19:

Filter element surface (mesh-like / porous filter jacket)

20:

inner chamber of the filter element

21:

spiral-shaped depressions on the inner surface of the housing of the filtration unit

22:

upper centering plate

23:

lower centering plate

24:

annular retaining elements of the centering plate

25:

drive shaft

26:

Filtrate outlet pipe with openings

27:

disc-shaped retaining element in the form of bearing blocks

28:

Inlet port nozzle.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• RU 2067017 [0007]
• US 4551242 [0008]
• US 5160633 [0010]
• US 5401422 [0011]
• EP 1044713 [0011]

Claims (9)

Apparatus for separating dispersions by filtration, comprising a cylindrical housing, inside which a cylindrical rotating filter element with a perforated / porous filter surface is attached to a drive shaft of an electric motor, mounted coaxially and with a tube with openings for the withdrawal of the filtrate from the inner chamber of the filter element, the housing being connected at its upper part by an inlet channel to a supply line for the dispersion that is filtered and connected at its lower part to a discharge line for removing the sediment and the unfiltered part of the input stream, thereby characterized in that - an upper base of the cylindrical housing (17) is designed in the form of an upper centering plate (22), in the center of which a drive shaft (25) is attached through an upper annular holding element (24) on which a rotating filter element ( 18) is attached directly, the speed of which is adjustable; - the device is further equipped with a conical filtrate collecting unit (8) which is separated from the cylindrical housing (17) by a lower centering plate (23); - A filtrate outlet pipe (26) is installed on the underside of the rotating filter element (18), which is held by a lower annular holding element (24) which is attached in the middle of the lower centering plate (23), while the opposite end of the filtrate outlet pipe ( 26) rests against a disk-shaped holding element (27) on the underside of the filtrate collection unit (8); - the openings in the filtrate outlet pipe (26) are only formed within the filtrate collection unit (8); - The inlet channel (4) for the dispersion to be filtered is connected to a pressure pump (2), wherein the pressure can be increased; - A filtrate outlet channel (9) is connected to a suction pump (12), whereby the pressure can be reduced. Device for separating dispersions by filtration Claim 1 , characterized in that the filter surface (19) of the filter element (18) is made of a porous or cellular material with a pore / mesh size of 0.2 µm to 100 µm. Device for separating dispersions by filtration according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the upper and the lower annular holding element (24) and the disk-shaped holding element (27) are configured to maintain a rotation at a speed of up to 5,000 rpm, for example in the form of a bearing block. Device for separating dispersions by filtration according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner surface of the cylindrical housing (17) is formed with spiral depressions (21) and the inlet channel (4) is made in the form of a vertical slot-like nozzle (28) , up to 6 slot-like nozzles can be arranged symmetrically in the housing (17) of the filtration unit. Device for separating dispersions by filtration Claim 4 , characterized in that the depth of the spiral depressions (21) does not exceed 0.25% of the radius of the filter element (18) and the height of the slot-like nozzle (28) of the inlet channel (4) up to 10% of the height of the filter element (18 ) is. Device for separating dispersions by filtration according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that it is provided for the filtration in both partial flow and full flow mode, wherein the dispersion to be filtered can be fed to a filter element (18) at a pressure of 120-1,013 kPa through one or more slot-like nozzles (28), the speed being adjustable in the range of 800-5,000 rpm, tangential to its filter surface, the spiral-shaped depressions (21) of the housing being provided for an additional rotation of the supplied current around the filter element (18) in its direction of rotation, whereby it moves downwards together with the unfiltered part of the flow, with an increased pressure being generated in the gap between the housing (17) and the filter element (18), while in the inner chamber (20) of the filter element and the filtrate collection unit (8) a vacuum is created. Device for separating dispersions by filtration according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the inlet channel (4) and the outlet channel (5) is selected from the range 10: 1-2 when operating in partial flow filtration mode, provided that the amount of the unfiltered part of the flow is 10-15 percent by volume of that to be filtered Does not exceed initial dispersion. Device for separating dispersions by filtration Claim 6 or 7th , characterized in that the outlet channel (5) is closed when operating in full flow filtration mode and is periodically opened to remove sediment while the entire flow of the dispersion that is being filtered is passed through the filter element (18). Device for separating dispersions by filtration according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the filtration unit (7) is installed vertically if the target product is the maximally pure filtrate and the unfiltered portion of the stream is recycled to cycle again while,, the filtration unit is installed at an angle, e.g. 45 ° if the target product is the sediment.

Images