DE2119863A1 - Lightweight building panel prodn - with deformed reinforcing core - Google Patents

Abstract

In the prodn. of structural elements, esp. wall or roof panels, doors, comprising two outer plastic facing layers and a reinforcing central core, an initially flexible reinforcing core, having projections from its principal plane, is deformed in one direction and is impregnated with the plastic, the projections partially recover as the panel is shaped, and it is hardened in the desired shape. Specif. the core is of undulating or similar fabric, e.g. knitted glass fibres with alternating left and right stitches. The core is deformed by stretching.

Description

Method for producing a component and according to this method Manufactured component "The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a Component, in particular a building board, which is used for the production of buildings, intended for use as a roof element, for cladding, doors, furniture and the like and of two outer cover layers made of a hardenable plastic and consists of a reinforcement that keeps the cover layers at a distance from one another.

In known, in particular intended for building purposes, in the form of Panels and the like manufactured composite materials is a prefabricated, e.g. made of corrugated cardboard core provided, the honeycomb facing reinforcement walls has, which are substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plate. At acquaintances Components in which the core layer can also consist of glass fiber fabric, can on one or both end faces of this core layer Se one or more, e.g. plastic-soaked fiberglass layers can be provided. Even if with these known components, the basin layers can be applied in such a way that a If a solid composite body is produced, these embodiments have the disadvantage with that the core serving as the middle layer in a separate one Process must be produced and that used for the production of the cover layers Material is only applied to the middle layer in a subsequent work step can be. In addition, these known composite materials have the disadvantage that they are not structured homogeneously and that consequently between the the central position forming reinforcement and the outer layer or layers have insufficient shear strength is achievable. The insufficient homogeneity brings in connection with the the known embodiments of composite materials occurring inadequate Adhesive forces between the outer cover layers and the middle layers used as the core with the disadvantage that the middle layers forming the core are only very limited Scope can contribute to the section modulus of resistance of these composites.

Although it is already known from plastics, such as Polyester using inserts made, for example, of fiberglass or consist of glass fiber fabric, for example to manufacture structural elements in boat building, which have a uniform structure. Such a structure is created in usually by multiple layers of fiberglass fabrics or fiberglass mats, which are impregnated with the hardening plastic. When processing glass fiber reinforced Plastics is aimed at the known safekeeping that the individual layers lie close to one another without the inclusion of air bubbles or other cavities. Through this However, there is the disadvantage that the workpieces produced in this way or components have too high a specific weight, so that they are suitable for certain Applications and uses are only of limited use.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of components and in particular to create building boards which, on the one hand, have high static stability and on the other hand, compared to their high mechanical resistance values have only a low specific weight and are therefore easy to process can.

To solve this problem, the method described at the beginning is used in a method Kind provided that according to the invention an elastic in the initial state, in particular Knitted or knitted fiber reinforcement is used, which comes from its main plane has protruding deformations and is deformed in at least one direction, soaked with the plastic and then with regression of the projections in brought the desired shape and then during the hardening of the plastic in This form is held. The dominant basic idea of the invention is here in the fact that there are a large number of loop-forming stitches commonly used in the textile industry There are knitted or knitted types that protrude from their main plane as a result Deformations in this main plane can be stretched or stretched considerably, without their extension measured transversely to this main plane, i.e. their to externally apparent thickness, changes significantly or that using Another expression is the tensile strength of such a reinforcing material does not decrease significantly as long as that in the main extension direction of its main plane measured extension no longer even under the influence of the tensile or stretching forces than twice that which is present in the state of rest and in the case of elastic recovery achieved expansion is.

Particularly favorable conditions result if in a further embodiment the invention, the fiber reinforcement in the tension-free or relaxed initial state in your Cross-section 'at least approximately wavy, zigzag or Is designed in a meandering manner. It is particularly advantageous if the knitted or knitted reinforcement to form transverse to their main plane extending Overhangs containing alternating groups of left and right stitches.

In the case of a building board produced by the method according to the invention a particularly resistant structure of great strength results when several layers of fiber reinforcements are arranged one above the other, the rib-shaped or have corrugated bulges. These rib-shaped bulges of each Fiber reinforcement layers expediently run parallel to one another. A particularly cheap one Structure, which has a very low weight with high strength, results in if, in a further embodiment of the invention, the fiber reinforcement layers with intersecting, rib-shaped bulges are superimposed.

This creates a very advantageous blocking of the reinforcement layers among themselves. For many purposes it is advantageous if in further training of the invention, the building board at least on individual, preferably strip-shaped Zones of their plate surface has reinforcement layers that are parallel to each other extending bulges are arranged. To increase the rigidity of the building board several intersecting, strip-shaped zones in the middle layer of the building board be provided.

The method according to the invention also offers the flöglichkeii in which Production of a building board to take into account its later use and For example, to design the edge zones of the plate so that the plates are joint-tight can be put together. If individual, preferably strip-shaped zones the plate surface are exposed to particularly high loads, can in further development of the invention these zones at least partially through perpendicular to the plane of the plate during: the solidification process of the plastic pressure exerted be compressed. Especially with one for use as a leaflet Or the like. Provided building board, it can also be advantageous if in the Edge zones of the board Fiber reinforcement layers with bulges alternating with flat layers Fiber reinforcements are arranged one above the other.

The outer surfaces of the building board according to the invention can as well as whose middle layer consists of polyester. Preferably, a building board according to FIG Invention an outer layer that consists of one with the plastic of its middle layer firmly connecting lightweight construction material or metal, for example aluminum. Primarily plasterboard, asbestos panels or the like come into question as lightweight construction materials. If both outer layers of the building board are made of plastic, especially polyester are produced, the result is a completely homogeneous panel structure in which no third-party binders or screw connections are required. Your big advantage consists in the fact that the building board according to the invention is absolutely airtight and watertight. The cavities located between the strip-shaped reinforcement zones can by foam insulating material, for example by plate pieces made of foamed Polystyrene or foamed polyurethane can be filled. It is also conceivable a filling with glass fiber wool or with wadding. The building board according to the invention is suitable for many technical purposes, especially for house walls or house wall parts, but also especially for flat roof buildings as roofing, since the invention Building board is impermeable to moisture in addition to being absolutely watertight and moreover has very good thermal insulation properties. With the invention An absolutely watertight flat roof construction can be produced using the building board. Furthermore the building board has the advantage of an extraordinary low specific weight, which is significantly below that of those previously used Cover plates lies. So you can both.

For example, expect a windscreen of one square meter with a thickness of 12 cm has a weight of only about 5 kg.

Since according to the invention the reinforcement in any desired way and also in any desired degree according to the structural and structural conditions or can be compressed depending on the intended use, can be converted into an inventive Building board or in the one provided for an oak building board, from the one with bulges provided reinforcement layer built up, spacing zones also continuous Cavities can be provided, for example with the help of inserted pipes which cable connections or heating elements, water supply lines and other supply lines be guided. These can each be at the end of a plate with their connections be led out, so that it is easily possible to use it with a neighboring Connect plate accordingly. An implementation of the connections etc. is in Uuder any direction, for example also in the direction perpendicular to an outer layer or externally possible.

In addition, the component according to the invention can have any desired surface shape be adjusted. For example, grooves can be provided in the flat outer layer because it can be molded from polyester.

Instead of a planar shape, a building board according to the invention can also have a cylindrical shape, for example with a semicircle cross-section, since the one used to make the middle layer, the outer cover layers spaced apart retaining reinforcements of any shape can be easily adjustedO For example, this Way an arched one Dome roof to be made next to the The advantage of waterproofness and low weight has another advantage has that it can be made self-supporting.

In the production of the building board according to the invention can easily A colored outer surface can also be used, for example by using a colored polyester compound either injected as the first layer into a mold provided for the production of the plate or painted with brushes or rolled into the mold. On this outer layer The spacing-maintaining reinforcement layers can then be applied as a base. The building board according to the invention can be further developed to the effect that it immediately during production in the form with the desired outer surface or External profiling is provided.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to several in the drawing Exemplary embodiments are described and explained in more detail: FIG. 1 shows a plastic plate according to the invention in perspective view and partially in section, with three reinforcement layers laid crosswise, FIG. 2 in a simplified, not to scale enlarged view of a reinforcement layer used in the plastic plate according to FIG in its cross section, Fig. 3 shows another embodiment for the construction of the middle layer, in which, in contrast to FIG. 1, the reinforcement layers are each 600 against each other are offset, 4 shows a composite of components according to the invention, self-supporting stairs in perspective, Fig. 5 shows a cross section the line A in FIG. 4 through one of the free cheeks of the stairs according to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 a cross section which is guided along the line B in FIG.

Fig. 7 shows a building panel prepared for use as a door leaf in a three-dimensional representation, FIG. 8 shows a partial section through an edge zone of the Door leaf in a section guided by the line C in Fig. 7 through the Edge zone, FIG. 9 shows a section along line E in FIG. 7 and FIG. 10 shows a section the line D in Fig. 7 guided cross section, Fig. 11 shows as a further embodiment a truss-like construction panel in an oblique image and in its appearance Construction.

The building board shown partially schematically in FIG. 1 consists essentially of a lower cover layer 1 and an upper cover layer 2, as well as three arranged between these two cover layers, their mutual Distance-securing reinforcement layers 3, 4 and 5. Each of these reinforcement layers has one Cross section as shown in FIG.

According to the structure shown schematically in FIG. 2, each Reinforcement layer a number of parallel, approximately cylindrical Bulges 6 and is knitted from fiberglass, in which approximately 20 to 25 not shown, successive right rows of stitches lying flat Sections 7 form, whereas the bulges 6 are formed by such knitted sections are formed in which rows of right stitches with rows of purl stitches alternate. In the illustrated embodiment, it is assumed that the total number the right and left stitches in the bulges 6 are about the same size as the right stitches of the basic sections 7. The special advantage of such a reinforcement layer consists in the fact that it is stretched by pulling in the longitudinal direction of the basic section 7, impregnated with the polyester resin provided as impregnating agent and then rolled out to the extent possible can be that the impregnating agent only in such an amount,} which the adhesion corresponds to the reinforcement is present. Then the reinforcement layer can be of its own Elasticity are left and relaxed to that shown in FIG Form back the basic shape when the above-mentioned train on the reinforcement layer is lifted will.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 it is provided that on the lower, provided with a flat-lying reinforcement layer made of glass fibers, not shown Cover layer 1 first a reinforcement layer is applied, the cylindrical, Sections 6 protruding perpendicular to the basic subsections 7 at least approximately run parallel to the utngskanten 8 of the building board or the lower cover layer 1. In a preferred embodiment, these projections consist of about 15 up to 18 rows of knitting stitches, in contrast to the basic subsections 7 each alternating a row of right stitches with a row of purl stitches.

Since then it has not been considered possible to any decisive extent that glass fibers can be knitted together in such a way that on about 20 up to 25 stitches of the same character, for example 25 of the same kind right stitches, a knitting section follows, in each of which a row of right stitches follows Stitches alternate with a row of purl stitches. The inventive Success is based above all on the fact that by alternating right and left stitches containing knitted fabric sections, cylindrical bulges 6 according to FIG. 2 arise, as a result of their impregnation with the hardening plastic and as a result of only up to one absorbed plastic mass increased to the maximum adhesion capacity Structure result, in which the not from the plastic or from the as an adhesive The amount of space taken up by the fiberglass knitted fabrics used is only small of the total volume of the building board. The success of the structure according to the invention a building board according to FIG. 1 is that the building board has a transverse to the plane of the plate directed, extremely high flexural strength. With a multi-layer arrangement the reinforcement layers 3 to 5 of the building board according to FIG. 1 also result a high peck resistance, which among other things

allowed, with a sufficient number of superimposed, if necessary As in FIG. 3, reinforcement layers only offset from one another by 600, one to absorb high buckling loads. This is easily possible with one another Staggered reinforcement layers to produce building boards with a thickness of up to to 20 cm and more.

Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention, namely a cantilevered staircase, in which the individual footboards 11 from about 30 mm thick building panels of the type shown in Fig. 1 exist. Both of them too Freiwangen 12 and 13 of these stairs are from a larger number of one above the other layered and impregnated with polyester reinforcement layers 14 made of Glass fiber threads are knitted and can have the structure indicated in FIG. In the same way, the support brackets 15, on which the frits 11 are placed on top, made up of several narrow, but long tracks built up, which, however, in contrast to the building board according to FIG have transverse intermediate layers, but according to the structure shown in FIG with their bulges running parallel to each other. The reinforcement layers the tüt, zwinkel 15 are at their connection zones to the ireiwangen 12, as well as these cheeks themselves, strongly condensed, so that one led along line A. Cross-section at these zones practically no longer results in cavities, as FIG. 5 shows. When the individual reinforcement layers have the cross-section indicated in FIG Are in condition, the bulges 6 in the aforementioned connection zones flattened so far that they practically no longer include any cavities and then result in the solid cross-section shown in FIG. 5.

Fig. 7 shows an intended for use as a door leaf, according to the invention constructed building board. This has a continuous lower cover layer 21 and a upper cover layer 22. Between the two cover layers there are one or more of Flat-lying glass wool fabric reinforcement sleeves made with polyester are soaked. As soon as the lower cover layer 21 is laid out with a stop bar, are on this to form the door leaf frame 23, as indicated by the line C. and the cross section shown in Fig. 8 shows several glass fiber reinforcement layers 24 so stacked that these reinforcement layers in one of FIG. 2 corresponding Cross-section with their bulges run approximately parallel to each other. To further To stiffen the door leaf, several crossing reinforcement ribs 27 are provided, which form the narrow, at-tire-shaped zones of the plateau surface and consist of layered ones Reinforcement layers 28 exist. These reinforcement layers are just like the reinforcement layers 24 of the door leaf frame 23 knitted as a narrow end and have parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tape Bulges 29 with a stitch sequence which corresponds to that of FIG. If the reinforcement layers are layered close enough to one another, you can it is compressed transversely to the plane of the door leaf with the help of an applied pressure plate will. Here, the cover layer 22 can be applied beforehand.

The two flecksohichten 21, 22 are inserted between them, Fiber reinforcement that has not yet hardened is homogeneously connected. At the same time arises a strong compression at those intersection zones where the reinforcement layers are 28 of the reinforcement ribs 27 with one another or with the reinforcement layers 24 of the frame Cross 23 alternately. A massive one then arises at these intersections Cross section as indicated schematically in FIG. 10. That's where the bulges are 26 and 29 of the reinforcement layers are practically flattened and do not contain any trapped air formed voids, of the type as they appear in the cross-sections 8 and 9 are provided according to FIGS. As soon as that as an impregnating agent for the reinforcement layers polyester resin used has reached such a degree of curing that the under the shape assumed by the pressing pressure is maintained, the upper cover layer 22 be put on. This advantageously consists of one or more layers of glass fabric, which are impregnated with polyester. The polyester can be advantageous already so far be cured that the top layer retains its planar shape and not in the spaces between the reinforcing ribs 27 and the frame 23 indent.

In the case of a truss of the type shown in FIG. 7, the attachment prepares no difficulties of fittings, since the frame 23 is machined can be. The special one The advantage of such a door leaf is in its absolute weather resistance and its good insulating properties. As preferred Such doors are therefore used in garage doors, exterior doors or doors for work rooms in water-processing plants, or for shops, large kitchens and the like.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is particularly suitable for lightweight panels, which are used as prefabricated components for house walls or as Roof elements can be used for flat roofs. The illustrated building board has one made of polyester and not shown flat reinforcement layers, mainly consisting of fiberglass fabrics on the outer cover layer 31, the one manufactured in the same way or designed, for example, as an aluminum plate second cover layer 32 faces at a distance. hls are spacing agents intersecting strips 33 and 34 are provided, each of which consists of several layers of one Reinforcement exists. The individual reinforcement layers are knitted from fiberglass threads and can have a cross section for the basic arrangement on which FIG. 11 is based as shown in FIG.

The individual reinforcement layers are within the strips 33 and 34 stacked in such a way that on a reinforcement layer 35 with in the longitudinal direction each extending bulges is followed by a reinforcement layer 36, their bulges perpendicular to those of the preceding and following reinforcement layers extend. The serves as a connecting means to the outer cover layers 31 and 32 used to impregnate the reinforcement layers 35 and 36, in particular made of polyester resins existing plastic. In the manner shown can easily be a truss-like Achieve structure without screwing or using special adhesives gives a homogeneous plate character. The particular benefit of one in this way manufactured Building board consists in the very low weight.

For example, it can be achieved without difficulty that with a wall thickness of 12 cm and a panel area of 1 m2, only one panel weight of 5 kg results. In addition, such a plate has a very high strength because the tear strength is determined by the glass fibers. Furthermore, such is Building board is absolutely impervious to water and air and also has a high ! poor insulation ability. Since the strips 33 and 34 and the fiberglass reinforced, polyester-impregnated outer cover layers 31 and 32 in not yet cured state to adapt to any negative or positive shape and can even adopt a profiling provided on the mold wall, it is possible with lightweight panels according to the invention of this type self-supporting Roof shapes, such as domes, to be produced, even with suitable ones Shaping with very small wall thicknesses a high inherent rigidity of the building boards can be achieved.

The construction board according to the invention can also be used in terms of its process engineering Production can be further developed by differently according to the invention for the formation dense reinforcement zones in the 3-component, the reinforcement after the plastic impregnation and before curing, different high but predetermined pressing pressures is subjected. This makes it possible that the reinforcement, depending on the function, which they in the finished component, such as a building board or any other 3building, has, a certain degree of consolidation or a certain density and can be adapted to a corresponding structural design. For example: Ieise only certain zones of a building structure or component, such as a building board, of higher density and thus also of higher strength educated other zones if, for example, special static at this point Requirements are made or if reinforcement or stiffening parts, such as e.g. hinge leaves or lock parts or the like used at certain points should be.

One can also have a different density and therefore a different one Strength according to the later static and functional tasks of the whole Component or a certain area of the component achieve that according to the invention the plastic recording of the reinforcement during the impregnation of the reinforcement thereby it is predetermined that the reinforcement at least in certain zones during the impregnation is put under a predetermined pressure.

In Fig. 12 a procedure is shown in which the in the initial state extensive fiber reinforcements after they have been impregnated with synthetic resin and after them have contracted again due to their elasticity, be rolled up and then the role thus formed as such or by corresponding ones Deformation is brought into a desired cross-sectional shape under pressure. For example the rolled or folded fiber reinforcement can be removed after its impregnation in any cross-sectional shape, namely in circular, oval, polygonal, square, etc., under appropriate pressure application or under appropriate Bring deformation. The roll formed in this way of any cross-section is then still before the hardening of the plastic as a strut, or as a frame, beam or the like. used in the component to be created. This allows you to create the desired frame constructions or reinforcements of the component, for example a building board, on certain Reach places where this is statically necessary.

In a further embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the roles or another form of amalgamation of flat fiber reinforcements in the initial state even before curing, arrange them next to each other so that parallel layers of the individual folded fiber reinforcements, for example the parallel position of individual rolls, arises in one or more levels, with the individual roles or Winding of fiber reinforcements within the individual reinforcements crosswise to one another can be laid. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. To here too To achieve the desired strength, the layers placed next to and on top of each other can be used Rolls or fiber reinforcements in whole or in part according to the later function be compressed in the finished component and additionally compressed.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is a section from a building board or another component, for example a beam or a base. With him are the individual fiber reinforcements, which are flat in the initial state put together to form rollers 39, the rollers 39 being parallel to one another and are arranged in one plane. The existing between two adjacent rollers 39 Space 42 can serve as a guide channel for a gaseous or liquid medium, or In this free space there can be supply lines, such as water or electric Cables or heating cables. Above the merged roles a cover layer 43 is provided and the lower side can be covered by a cover layer 44 to be completed so that in each level, for example in the level that goes through the juxtaposed combined fiber reinforcements 39 is formed, the space between adjacent rollers is provided as a closed channel is. This arrangement can also be further developed in such a way that in an adjacent one Layer the fiber reinforcements, which have been collapsed into rolls 39, at an angle of 90 ° the rollers 39 of the first layer are arranged and that then in a further Layer one parallel to the Rollers 39 arranged on the top layer Roll layer 38 is provided. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, then the lowermost layer 43 formed again from folded fiber reinforcements, the parallel to the rolls of the layer 41 and at an angle of 90 ° to the rolls of the neighboring ones Layer lie.

The construction of the component can also be such that only external Cover layers 45 and 45 are provided, while between each, parallel to each other, but placed crosswise to each other in the different layers Rolls, there are no closed intermediate layers of fiber reinforcement.

It is also conceivable that the reinforcement is pre-soaked with synthetic resin; in this case, the curing of a resin that has been pre-soaked in the same can be used Reinforcement take place with the supply of heat, in turn the compression or the Pressing such a reinforcement in the heated state or by means of a heated device must be made.

Claims (1)

Expectations 1. Method for producing a component, in particular one Construction panel, which is used for the construction of buildings, for use as a roof element, For panels, doors, furniture and the like. Is intended and made of two cast Cover layers consisting of a curable plastic are composed of a cover layer spaced reinforcement, characterized in that a reinforcement that is elastic in the initial state is used, which comes from its main plane (7> has protruding projections (6) and in at least one direction deformed, soaked with the plastic and then with regression of the projections (6) brought into the desired shape and during the hardening of the plastic is kept in this form. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the in at least one direction deformation of the reinforcement achieved by stretching or stretching will. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Reinforcement is stretched or stretched in the longitudinal or transverse direction. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to), characterized in, that the cross-section of the reinforcement is at least approximately wavy, zigzag or is designed in a meandering manner. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the reinforcement by knitting, etc. is made of fibers, preferably glass fibers. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the knitted or crocheted reinforcement to form the projections (6) each other contains alternating groups of left and right stitches. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the reinforcement to form differently thick reinforcement zones in the component after the plastic soak and before the hardening, different levels, but predetermined is subjected to large pressing pressures. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the Kumtstoff absorption of the reinforcement during the impregnation of the reinforcement it is predetermined that the reinforcement at least in certain zones during the impregnation is put under a predetermined pressure. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the fiber reinforcement rolled up after impregnation with synthetic resin and then the Roll formed in this way, possibly by applying pressure, into a desired cross-sectional shape is brought and then the role formed in this way before the hardening of the plastic Used as a strut, frame, beam or the like. In the component to be created will. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the roles are in layers next to each other and / or crosswise before the hardening are placed on top of each other and then completely or partially according to the function are compressed and compressed in the static component. in a method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 Manufactured building board, characterized in that several 'layers of fiber reinforcements (3, 4, 5; 14, a4, 28, 35, 36) are arranged one above the other. 12. Building board according to claim 11, characterized in that the fiber reinforcements (3, 4, 5, 14, 24, 28, 35, 36) rib-shaped or corrugated bulges (6), 26, 29). 13. Building board according to one of claims 11-12, characterized in that that the rib-shaped bulges (6, 26, 29) of a fiber reinforcement (3, 4, 5, 14, 24, 28, 35, 36) run parallel to one another. 14. Building board according to one of claims 11-13, characterized in that that the fiber reinforcements (3, 4, 5, 35, 36) with crossing, ribbed bulges (6) are placed on top of each other. 15. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the fiber reinforcements (14, 24, 29) with their bulges (6, 26, 29) are parallel are placed on top of each other running towards each other. 16. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that between the outer cover layers (21, 22 and 31, 32) strip-shaped, only Zones (23, 27, 33, 34) which make up part of the plate surface are provided, which consist of several reinforcement layers (24, 28, 35, 36) stacked one on top of the other. 17. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the reinforcement layers (24, 28) with bulges running parallel to one another (26, 29) are layered on top of each other. 18. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that at least two intersecting, strip-shaped zones (27 or 33, 34) are provided are. 19. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the strip-shaped zones (23, 27) at least partially through perpendicular to the Platen plane compresses the pressure exerted during the solidification process of the plastic are. 20. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, in particular for use as a door leaf, characterized in that in the edge zones of the plate Strip-shaped compression zones (29) are provided. 21. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that - preferably in the edge zones of the plate - fiber reinforcement layers with bulges are alternately arranged with flat fiber reinforcements on top of each other. 22. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the plate has an outer layer (1, 2, 21, 22 or 31, 32) which consists of a firmly adheres to the plastic of their middle layer (3, 4, 5, 14, 24, 28, 35, 36) connecting lightweight building material or made of metal. 25. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the plastic consists of polyester. 24. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that to rolls, bundles, packages or the like. folded mats of plastic-soaked fiber reinforcement as Reinforcement, strut, frame, bar or the like. are provided on the component. 25. Building board according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the mats of the plastic-soaked fiber reinforcement folded into rolls or the like arranged at a distance next to and / or preferably in intersecting lengths one above the other and that the spaces between the rollers or the like Channels or for the guidance of lines etc. are provided. Blank page