DE2155167A1 - Shotgun cartridge loading insert and method of making the same - Google Patents

Description

OLIN CORPORATION, New Haven, Connect./ V.St.A.

"Loading insert for shotgun shells and method of manufacturing the same"

Priority: December 4th, 1970; V.St.A .;
Registration number: 95 o73

The invention relates to a loading insert for shotgun shells, in particular a standardized loading insert made of plastic with a cup-shaped part that receives the projectiles made of solid plastic, a cup-shaped sealing part made of solid plastic that seals against gas and a transverse wall, the be molded in one piece with the two cup-shaped parts can and separate them. The transverse wall is used for cushioning or shock absorption and is at least partially made of foamed plastic manufactured. The invention also relates to a method for producing the charging inserts.

The use of plastic loading inserts for shotgun

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cartridges is already known. Such inserts have either been proposed in one piece design and then have a projectile pocket or a cup-shaped part made of solid or solid plastic for receiving a shotgun load and an integral sealing cup-shaped part made of solid or Solid plastic to be placed over the powder charge in the cartridge to prevent the propellant gases from escaping when the cartridge is fired to prevent. The known one-piece inserts can also have a bulkhead made of solid or solid plastic, which closes the bottom of the scrap bag, and a bulkhead made of solid or solid plastic that forms the top of the sealing bag closes. The one-piece inserts with two transverse walls can also have a cushioning device of any kind have, which extends between the two cup-shaped parts and formed with the same in one piece and from solid plastic is made. Some examples of this type of one-piece insert are given in U.S. Patents 3,368,489, 3,298,313 and 3,285,174. Other types are also becoming more integral Plastic inserts used, in which a common bulkhead made of solid or solid plastic, both the cup-shaped Part for the shot and the cup-shaped part for gas sealing closes and separates from each other. To cushion this Type of insert can be a separate disc-shaped plug made of foamed plastic, cork, fibers, or the like be inserted in the scrap bag below the shot load. An example of this type of insert is in U.S. Patent

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3 3o9 994 shown.

There are also already assembled or multi-part insert combinations made of plastic known. Such multi-part insert combinations usually include a separate cup-shaped part for shot receiving, which has a bottom and is made entirely of solid plastic, with a Abfederunctspfropfen made of foamed plastic, cork, fibers or deraleichen is arranged below or in the scrap bag, and a separate top of the Sealing cup-shaped part arranged for a powder charge, which is made of solid or solid plastic and is arranged between the cushioning insert and the powder charge in the shotgun cartridge. One use of this general structure is shown in U.S. Patent 3,8o,265 aezeiot.

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The above-mentioned one -piece or multi-piece composite inserts have various undesirable properties. In particular, the multi-part inserts are time-consuming and difficult to accommodate in the cartridge. The performance of the standardized inserts, which have cushioning parts or shock absorption areas made of solid plastic, does not meet the necessary requirements that they are within a wide temperature range of -4o ° C to + 52 ° C (-4o ° F to 125 ° F) are inoperable. This area indicates the ambient temperatures under which the inserts could be used.

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The task of the invention is therefore to remove the undesired properties to avoid known missions by creating a standardized mission, in which also the known my- Partial operations, the work required to assemble the individual components is omitted. The object of the invention is also a method for manufacturing such shop inserts for To create shotgun shells.

The insert according to the invention is characterized by an integral cushioning part made of foamed plastic. Further the insert according to the invention works satisfactorily when fired at temperatures in the range from -4o ° C to + 52 ° C (-4o ° F to 125 ° F). The insert comprises a cup-shaped part for gas sealing made of plastic, which is above the powder charge is arranged and the upper or inner end is closed by a transverse wall which is an integral part made of foamed plastic on v / ice. The strength of the foamed Plastic part in the longitudinal direction is changeable to the extent the shock absorption when firing the insert to vary. The insert also comprises a pocket or a cup-shaped one Part made of solid or solid plastic to hold a load of shot pellets. The transverse wall forms the bottom of the cup-shaped Partly for the shot pellets. The side walls of this cup-shaped part can be split open in the manner of petals. As well as the upper as well as the lower peripheral area of the transverse wall in Transverse direction is preferable with a skin made of solid or solid Plastic provided to make the bulkhead tougher and

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to prevent shot pellets from embedding in foam, v / enn the mission is fired. According to a preferred embodiment

however, the insert consists of one piece; he can / from several Be composed of components, for example from a cup-shaped part for sealing against gas and a separate part and a separate cup-shaped part for receiving shot. In the latter case either form one of the cup-shaped Share or both with a bulkhead a piece that has a foamed plastic part.

The advantage of the plastic insert according to the invention is that it is easy to assemble, over a has an excellent performance over a wide temperature range and an improved running or trajectory behavior of the shot pellets brings about. The partially foamed transverse wall, which is referred to as the connecting part, gives a good pillow or pad. Spring effect, while the walls of the bulkhead made of solid plastic form a tough or firm skin.

The invention and advantageous details of the invention are described below with the aid of schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows an axial section of a preferred embodiment of a one-piece insert;

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FIq. 2 shows in axial section the insert from FIG. 1 in
a Uand-firearm cartridge;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment in axial section an insert that has two separate parts, a cup-shaped part for shot and a cup-shaped part for gas sealing, the latter of which is an integral foamed art " fabric part has;

• Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment in axial section an insert similar to that shown in Figure 3; the foamed plastic part with the shot-receiving cup-shaped part however, it is formed in one piece;

Fig. 5 shows in section a molding device for manufacturing of the insert according to FIG.

Fig. 6 shows the mold arrangement of Fig. 5 in the foaming position.

7 shows the mold arrangement according to FIGS. 5 and 6 in the removal position of the molded insert;

FIG. 8 shows, in a view like FIG. 5, a modified one

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Mold arrangement in which the foaming takes place in the direction of the cup-shaped part of the insert which receives the shot.

The insert 2 shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a first pocket or a cup-shaped part 4 for receiving a shot or ball charge. The side wall of the cup-shaped part for the shot can, as shown at 6, be slotted in order to subdivide the wall into several sections 8 like a flower. The use 2 also has a second pocket or cup-shaped part Io with a side wall 12 in the form of a flexible, plastic one Edge that can expand outward towards the cartridge case and barrel of the weapon when the cartridge is fired in this way to create a seal against the combustion gases driving the use. A transverse wall 14 extends is above the insert 2 and forms the bottom 16 of the scrap bag 4 and the top 18 of the sealing bag Io. The middle area or core 2o of the transverse wall 14 consists of foamed plastic, while the peripheral areas 22, 24, 26 of the transverse wall 14 are made of solid or solid plastic. The Eoden 16 of the cup-shaped part 4 for the shot thus has a tough, solid plastic skin 24, in which the shot charge does not embed itself when the insert is fired from a weapon. Furthermore also has the cover 18 of the barrier bag Io has a tough skin 26 made of solid plastic, which strengthens the cup-shaped part Io and prevents it from splitting or tearing of the transverse wall 14 when the insert is fired offers resistance. As Fig. 1 and 2 show, the

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Foamed part 20 of the transverse wall so thick or has such a large one Longitudinal dimension, that it acts as a filling or cushioning plug and contributes to sealing geaen the propellant. The phrase "massive or solid plastic "in connection with the invention refers to a barrel made of plastic, which is essentially has no gas-filled pores or cells.

^ Fig. 2 shows a cartridge case 28 in which the insert 2

was used. The cartridge case '28 has a case tube 3o made of paper, plastic or the like, on which a metal Head 32 is attachable. In the pipe is a bottom insert 34 made of plastic, Paper or another fibrous material arranged. A extends through the head 32 and the base insert 34 Primer 36. The primer 36 rests in a propellant charge 38, over which the cup-shaped part Io of the insert 2 acts as a gas seal is arranged. In the cup-shaped part 4 of the insert a load of shot pellets 4o is arranged. A thin

P cover plate 42 closes the top of the sleeve 28. According to a As an alternative, the top of the tube 3o can also be flanged or oaen inwardly to the top of the Sleeve 28 to close. Any known closure can also be used with the insert according to the invention. Instead of the sleeve 28 designed for the hose igniter, the insert can also be used with other types of pods, such as electrically ignited pods.

The sleeve 28 is used in a conventional handgun

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Loading and thereby completed that DCIS primer 36 receives an impact, are ignited whereby the igniter and the propellant charge 38th The combustion gases of the propellant charge produced by the ignition act on the sealing pocket Io and press the edge 12 outwardly into sealing engagement with the inside of the tube 3o. The shot load 4o is cushioned against the sudden impact of expanding combustion gases by the foamed part 2o of the transverse wall 14 of the insert, so that the insert 2 and the shot load 4o ejected smoothly from the case 3o and without a sudden peck that tore the shot load 4o apart, be driven into and through the barrel of the gun. The cup-shaped part 4 for the shot protects both the shot load 4ο and the barrel from mutual contact and falls to the ground in the known manner shortly after leaving the muzzle of the gun, while the shot load continues its normal path.

The insert shown in Fig. 3 comprises two separate parts, which are arranged back to back when the insert is inserted into a cartridge. The first part is a substantially known cup-shaped member 42 for receiving shot, which is made of paper, plastic or other appropriate material can be made; the cup-shaped part 42 may have a bottom 44; however, this can also miss. The second part is a cup-shaped sealing part 4G aur; Plastic, which has a transverse wall or connecting part 4

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ORSQiNAt INSPECTED

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having an integral foamed plastic part 5o. That sealing cup-shaped portion 46 has a thin flexible rim 52 which operates in the manner already described above. To the Both surfaces of the foamed part 5o of the transverse wall 48 are a skin 54 and a skin 56 made of solid or solid plastic educated. The bulkhead 48 is quite strong to provide good cushioning when the insert is fired.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the insert comprises likewise two separate parts arranged back to back when the insert is inserted into a sleeve. at the first part is a cup-shaped part 58 for sealing with a transverse wall 6o. The cup-shaped sealing part 58 may be made of plastic, paper, or any other convenient material and may be of known construction. The second part is a cup-shaped part k 62 made of plastic for the shot receiving, which has a transverse wall 64 of considerable strength for cushioning and an integral foamed plastic area 66. On both transverse surfaces of the foamed part 66 of the transverse wall 64 is a skin 68 or 7o made of solid plastic.

The inserts shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have an excellent buffer effect or cushioning against the shot load when firing. It should also be noted / that the separate components of the embodiment shown in Fimir 3 and 4

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Examples bonded to one another with glue or the like or they can simply be inserted into a sleeve against each other,

The form arrangement shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 is incomprehensible a plurality of die parts 72, 74 and 76. A channel 78 extends along a common axis through these molded parts 72, 74 and 76. A mandrel 8o is attached to the molded part 72, which mandrel protrudes into the channel 78 and has a region 82 of drawn-in diameter has, v / elcher so cooperates with the wall of the channel 7 8 that a part of a Formhohxraum.es 84 is formed. A sprue or The inlet channel 86 extends through the molded part 72 and branches off laterally at 88 in order to enter the mold cavity 84 through a gate 9o to flow. It should be noted that there are a number of bifurcations how spokes can extend from the inlet channel 86 to several separate mold cavities to facilitate simultaneous bi-duna to allow a number of bets. A hollow punch extends into the channel 78 through the molded parts 74 and 76 92 with an axial bore 94. The inner surface of the hollow punch 92 is frustoconical at 95 and forms a part an end wall of the mold cavity 84. A punch 96 is arranged in the Bohruna 94 in such a way that the inner end wall of the punch merges smoothly into the hollow punch surface 9 5, so that an end wall of the mold cavity 84 is formed. A coil spring loo is attached around the punch 96, which biases the stamp to the right as seen in Finur 5 to 7. From Fig. 5 it can be seen that the channel 78 and the mandrel 8o to-

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8AO

work together that they the cup-shaped part for the shot of cavity 84; the mandrel 8o and the punch 96 cooperate to form the outer wall area of the cavity 84. The adjacent end walls of the hollow sterile stack 92 and punch 96 cooperate with the wall of channel 78 to form the cup-shaped sealing portion of the mold cavity 84 form. A tubular part Io2 with a central channel (not shown here) is attached to the molded part 72, wherein the middle channel of the part opens into the inlet channel 86, to provide means for introducing a mixture of molten resin and a blowing agent into cavity 84. The tubular part Io2 can also be connected to a drive device (not shown here), for example a hydraulic cylinder or the like be connected to cause a movement of the molded part, as explained in more detail weite.r below.

At the top of each of the moldings 74 and 76 is a bilge! or a fork Io4 is formed, and two operating rods lofi are hinged to each of the forks f.04 by means of pins Io8. A fBtefcafcigungskolben Uo is hifl- in an actuating cylinder 112 and mounted herfoewegbar «nd mx each of the rods Lo6 #inas Zßgißftß %% A, a ^ elLankfe, to the {cylinder is IJ.2

^ bearing arrangement % l§ y.on feeii ^ ebiger known construction

Ei ^ isa |; |: is made Ln fol-ifieadjer tiei.se: A Geaus suitable, g ^ si ^ ii ^ J. ^^ nera! Synthetic resin: and a SchauP ¹ .

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

medium is injected under pressure through the inlet channel 86, the branch 88 and the gate 9o into the mold cavity 84, until it completely fills it. The synthetic resin used has been mixed with the foaming agent beforehand. The injected A mixture of synthetic resin and foaming agent is enclosed within the mold cavity 84 under superatmospheric pressure and is cooled to such an extent that a skin of firm or solid plastic is formed over the entire circumference of the enclosed filling. The 'duration of the inclusion is from Timer 116 regulated. The injected batch can be carried out with any known device, for example by means of here not shown cooling coils or the like are cooled. At the end of the predetermined period of time, the timer causes action the actuation of the actuating cylinder 112, whereby the actuating piston Ho is pushed down, as shown in FIG. The downward movement of the piston Ho in turn causes the rods Io6 to move apart and thus the molded part 76, move the hollow punch 92 and the punch 96 away from the mold parts 72 and 74. The molded part 76 is preferably not on here Appropriate guide rails or guide rods shown are movable attached so that the punch 96 and the hollow punch 92 remain axially aligned with the mandrel 8o. The movement of the respective end faces 95 and 98 of the hollow punch 92 and of the punch 96 from the opposite end face of the dome 8o away leads to an increase in the volume of the mold cavity 84 in the vicinity of the bulkhead area thereof and one with it

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accompanying reduction in pressure in the mold cavity. That on this increased volume and reduced pressure allow the plastic in that area to be in place foam. Before the final solidification of the molten plastic the movable core section is thus withdrawn in the mold, whereby a pressure relief in the closed Cavity can be done. After releasing the pressure by moving the core section, the heat and pressure sensitive one sets Foaming agent releases a gaseous mixture, which causes the molten part of the plastic to foam, whereby a Foam body is created from air-filled cells, the density of which corresponds to about a third of the density of the base resin. The mold cavity 84 is then held at the enlarged volume and further cooled until the massive contained therein Plastic and the foamed plastic will substantially solidify whereupon the part Io2 moves away from the molded part 74 is, taking the molded part 72 and the mandrel with it, as FIG. 7 shows. In this way, the solidified plastic insert and the associated plastic inlet channel from the cup-shaped Area for the shot of the cavity v / eg drawn. The plunger 96 is then released from the bias of the spring loo and moved against the solidified insert to free the insert from the remaining mold cavity. Then the plastic enema channel separated from the insert in order to produce the finished product.

It should be noted that there is a thicker, more massive

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Plastic skin near the one wall of the mold cavity that remains stationary while a thinner skin forms near the moving wall of the mold cavity. If So an insert with a thick skin made of solid plastic wants to create on the cup-shaped sealing part, this would be done with a mold arrangement as shown in FIG. 8 may be possible. At this Formanordnuna forms the inner surface of the dome 8o the cup-shaped Sealing part of the mold cavity 84, while the punch 96 and the hollow punch 92 cooperate with the channel 78 so that that they form the cup-shaped part for the shot of the mold cavity. The mold assembly shown in Figure 8 essentially operates in the same way as the molding method described above.

The following plastics are suitable for producing the insert according to the invention: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, Copolymers of ethyl acetate, polyethylene copolymerized with buthy! rubber, crosslinked polyethylene and equivalents Resins. As a foaming agent, before injecting with the plastic are mixed, the following substances are suitable: Azodicarbonamide, p, p * -pxy: -his- {benzene-sulfonyl-hydrazide), Azq-bisiisobutyronitrii} , !!, ^ '- dinitrpsopentajnethylenetetrainin and the like. By plastic and the Schawjnanittjel. will be before Inject ifi .the foritfe cavity in a iifoiJLcihen reciprocating Screw press yerraiSieh, The pjLchfce of the Sehaum portion of a preferred use according to the invention

3 3 Ί

range from o _f i§ g / cm to about, o.56 g / ca? t <lo Ibs / ft- fcis 35 lbs / ft). Let it be shown ^ a ^ f & $. $$? & * $. §§ & $ that the

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

foamed portion of the insert around a foam with closed Cells. Because the density of the foamed part of the insert is lower than the density of the solid plastic parts of the same, the ferticre use is considerably easier than if it would be made entirely of solid plastic or with solid plastic or fibrous filler or buffer insert. Although it is easier to use, it has a larger one

^ Strength and better buffer or shock absorption properties.

An insert of the type shown in Fig. 1 with solid plastic parts whose density is about o.91 g / cm ³ (57 lbs / ft ³ ) and which has a cross-sectional bulk density in the foamed buffer part of about 0.24 g / cm ( 15 lbs / ft) is prepared in the following manner: A pelletized batch of low density polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is mixed with a batch of powdered azodicarbonamide foaming agent in a drum. The mixture consists of 99 wt .-% mixed poly-P raerisat and 1 wt .-% foaming agent. The mixture is fed to a screw press in which it is heated to such an extent that the mixture turns into a viscous melt, the temperature of which is above the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent. The molten mixture is then injected into the mold cavity

2 and hold therein under a pressure of about 352 kp / cm (5ooo psi), while the mold cavity and the enclosed batch are cooled to such an extent that the thin-walled areas of the enclosed Batch solidify and a solid or mass

- 17 / -

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Form a sive plastic skin on the circumference of the enclosed batch. The volume of the cavity is then increased so far that the

Pressure within the cavity to less than about 35 kgf / em

l /

(5oo psi) drops. The decomposed foam concentrate in the still molten one The area of the charge then releases a gas which causes the foaming of the molten portion of the encapsulated charge caused. The composite body made of solid plastic and foam then remains in the mold cavity and is further cooled, until all of the material has substantially solidified. The disposable composite is then removed from the mold cavity removed and trimmed to the end product. Tests have shown that excellent cushioning or buffering effect and a particularly favorable weight can be achieved if the cross-sectional bulk density of the foamed cushioning part of the Insert is in the range of about 2o% to about 6o% of the density of the solid plastic part of the insert.

The advantages of the insert according to the invention over known loading inserts are therefore the low weight, .im simple loading, excellent cushioning and lack of it straight column in loaded inserts. The insert is easy to mass-produce and at low cost fill automatically in cartridges. In addition, it offers a satisfactory gas seal, spring and protective cover of the shot passing through the barrel of the weapon.

- Expectations -

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

Claims (9)

Claims IJ loading insert made of plastic for use in a shotshell with a cup-shaped part for receiving the shot and a cup-shaped sealing part separated from it by a transverse wall, its cup-shaped RanÖ, of the one that forms the base of the cup Transverse wall starting, bendable outwards under the propellant gas pressure is, characterized in that the solid plastic outer zone (l8, 22, 24, 26) of the transverse wall (14) enclose a core (2oJ of cellulose plastic foam. 2. Ladeeinsatjz according to claim 1, characterized in that net that the core (2o) made of plastic foam with closed Cells. 3. Loading insert according to claim 1 or 2 _#, characterized in that the cross-sectional cut density of the plastic foam is 2o to 60% of the density of the solid plastic. 4. Loading insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the plastic foam has a density of 0.16 to 0.56 g / cm. 5. Loading insert according to one of the preceding claims, there- - 19 / - 20982 5/0652 _0R1GlNAL , nspected characterized in that the insert is made in one piece. 6. Loading insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom of the cup-shaped part (4) for the shot is stronger than that of the sealing part (lo) . 7. Loading insert according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insert consists of several parts, one of which (46,62) has the core (5o, 66) made of plastic foam with walls (46, 56, 54 to 64, 7o ). made of solid plastic encloses. 8. Method for producing a Ladaeineatzes according to a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduced into a mold under excess pressure, with Foam compound added synthetic resin melt is cooled until the outer insert parts are solidified, inside Transverse wall, however, there is still liquid synthetic resin that this® residual liquid synthetic resin foamed under pressure reduction and then the finished insert is cooled. 9. A method for producing a loading insert according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure reduction is achieved by enlarging the mold cavity. 209825/0652 , to · ♦ Blank page