DE2152530A1 - Method and device for generating pressure waves, in particular sound waves - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for generating pressure waves, in particular Sound waves The invention is concerned with the generation of coherent pressure waves with high excitability, especially with the generation of high sound waves Intensity, as well as with a wave generator of high efficiency, the one with resonance effect works and preferably covers a large area of spread.

Whistle-type sound generators have been known for years such as the Hartmann generator. This type of sound generator is characterized by a nozzle and a cylindrical resonator that is in a common longitudinal axis with the nozzle is aligned in close proximity to the nozzle outlet or nozzle outlet aperture. At one end of the cylindrical cavity resonator is open to the nozzle outlet or to be able to interact with the nozzle outlet aperture while he is on the other The end is closed. The nozzle is dimensioned so that they one with a certain pressure applied to it, infrasound flow of a gas into a sound flow, in particular converts into an ultrasonic flow, creating pressure pulses in the form of a Shock wave are generated. Those emerging from the nozzle outlet or the nozzle outlet aperture Shock wave pressure pulses are coupled to the cavity resonator where these pulses are converted into particularly coherent sound wave energy by resonance effect will. The resonance condition depends on the existence of a critical distance in wavelengths of the shock wave impulses between the nozzle outlet plane or the DUsenauslaB diaphragm plane and the closed end of the cavity. For a whistle type sound generator Reference is made to U.S. Patent 3,230,923.

Compared to other types of sounders such as Electromechanical arrangements, the whistle-type sound generator shows a number Advantages, which essentially in the simplicity of the construction and the properties, in particular the coherence and the area of propagation of the emitted sound waves exist. Unfortunately, the previously known versions of the sound generators are from Pipe type too uneconomical as that for practical use for industrial Applications would be suitable. So the flow medium of the DUse must be under one very high pressure can be applied in order to achieve a usable sound wave energy level to win. Furthermore, there is great sensitivity to pressure fluctuations insofar as the nozzle dimensions then do not have the greatest beneficial effect on pressure wave generation are suitable and shifts the wavelength of the shock wave pulses, so that the cavity resonator is detuned because of the critical fluctuations in distance. Furthermore, for the necessary proximity to a voluminous one between the nozzle and the cavity Construction, which can be difficult to bring near the area where which should have an activating effect on sound waves. These circumstances have led to the full performance of the whistle-type sound generators has not yet been achieved could be fully evaluated.

In contrast, the invention proposes a pipe-type sound generator a cavity resonator, which is completely new in structure and efficiency.

The cavity resonator is excited by pressure pulses whose wavelength are related in terms of their dimensions to the cross section of the cavity, where the wavelengths of only some components of the pressure impulses have this relationship need to meet.

The cavity resonator extends along a longitudinal axis, the ausually transversely to the direction of propagation of the pressure pulses at the point which they are coupled to the cavity; the cavity resonator also has one or several ausaenoe for the radiation of the sound energy. The cavity preferably has square cross-section, the side length of which is a multiple of the wavelength of the Momentum series is.

The sound energy generated in the cavity resonator has properties which put those of well-known sound generators in the shade. That The area of propagation and the excitation capacity of the sound waves exceeds at by far the expectations that could be cherished based on the experience with pipes. The excitability is so extreme that the molecules of the flow medium in which the sound waves are formed, can be ionized. For example The nitrogen molecules in the air become ionized when exposed to activation will.

The invention can thus serve to sound energy over relatively large Transfer distances and a fluid in which the sound energy is released will stimulate a high level.

The device according to the invention is particularly advantageous designed that the linear dimensions of the cavity cross-section are multiples or without Remainder of the rising divisor of the pressure pulse wavelength of the applied pressure pulses are. The cavity resonator expediently extends along a Länqsarslse, which lies transversely to the direction in which the pressure pulses act on the cavity are given, and has a right-angled, preferably square cross-section in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and is at least one End open to radiate sound energy. The linear dimensions of the cross-section side of the cavity and the wavelength of the pressure pulses coupled to the cavity are multiples of a common factor. Preferably the linear ones Pages of the dimensions of the cavity cross-section and the wavelength of the pulses equal, i.e. the multiple is 1. However, it has been found that the distance between the pressure pulse source and the cavity is not critical.

In a first embodiment, the source of the stimulant is with connected to the cavity resonator via a channel which extends transversely to the cavity. A linear dimension of the channel cross section and a linear dimension of the cavity cross section are related to each other. When the fluid runs through the channel, even with infrasound speed, pressure impulses develop in the Cavity can be converted into sound energy by resonance.

The channel preferably has a square or rectangular cross section and is closed at one end by a cavity resonator that runs across the channel and has a rectangular, preferably square cross-section. A pressurized fluid is added to the channel at the other end.

The linear dimensions of the duct cross-section and the linear side lengths of the cavity cross-section are multiples of a common factor. When the fluid penetrating the channel, pressure impulses develop, which resonate in the cavity converted into coherent sound energy.

In a second embodiment, a shock wave generator is connected to a connected transverse cavity resonator, the particular right-angled, preferably has a square cross-section. The shock wave generator can have a double funnel shape Have nozzle, in particular for ultrasound or a channel, which is sufficient with Pressurized fluid is supplied to generate a sound flow. An important advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that the shock wave pressure pulses Can be transmitted over long distances without significant fading, if the shock wave generator or shock wave generating source of U.S. Patent 3 554 443 is connected to the cavity resonator via a channel whose linear dimension is related to the wavelength of the shock wave pressure pulses, or its Linear dimensions. A multiple or a divisor with no remainder of this wavelength are. t) aby the shock wave generator and the Strsmunqsmittel-supply in be placed some distance from the area in which the sound energy is used shall be; ie. a physical separation of pressure pulse generation and resonance effect is made possible.

A third embodiment includes the first and second embodiments. A channel connects the source of fluid or a source of pressurized fluid Fluid, with a transverse cavity resonator, in particular the right-angled, preferably has a square cross-section, and also a shock wave generator connected. The wavelength of the shock wave pulses, the linear cross-sectional dimension of the conduit 'and the linear cross-sectional dimension of the cavity are in integers Relationship to each other.

This relationship can expediently be chosen so that the named Sizes are multiples of a common factor, these multiples preferably 1 can be. In this embodiment, the shock wave energy or has coherent sound energy high intensity and small wavelength and can be converted into one Infrasound flow of the fluid are introduced into a channel, the pressure pulses low intensity and long wavelengths that coincide with those of shock waves are related. In particular, the coherent sound energy has a very small wavelength and can be introduced into a very large throughput of fluid.

The shock wave impulses, or the sound impulses with a very small wavelength, serve to trigger the oscillation of the pressure pulses from the duct to the whole to activate flowing means to a large extent. The sound wave impulses with very small wavelength trigger the pressure pulses from the fluid source, the has a large fluid flow rate and a large wavelength, at one smaller wavelength, which is related to the wavelength of the shock wave impulses stands.

The primary cavity resonator can be replaced by auxiliary cavity resonators be added, which are arranged at the same intervals around a housing in the the primary cavity opens, so that the intensity resp.

the excitation capacity of the sound energy is strengthened. The auxiliary cavities, which interact with the housing have a hexahedral, preferably cubic shape, the linear side dimensions of which correspond to the wavelength of the pressure pulses are in relation, in particular multiples or divisors of these contained without a remainder Wavelength are. The pressure pulses can continue to be sent directly to one or more Auxiliary cavities are connected, so that these auxiliary cavities are practical to the Primary cavity are connected in parallel. Furthermore, an auxiliary hollow ram with the Primary cavity are connected in series, so then the intensity or the Anreauncsvermoaen the generated Schallpneraie is further amplified. This means that at the rear of the primary lio} space creates a fluidic reflecting surface when the series connection at the ends of the auxiliary sound room is a multiple of the pressure pulse wave length.

A particularly effective acoustic generator is found when the fluid the cavity resonator through two or more feed channels, between which an output is formed from the cavity, is fed.

The distance from each channel to the exit is preferably a multiple the linear expansion of the cavity cross-section. This principle can be used to form a Cavity resonators are used, which are a network of closed, among themselves connected, geometric channels, for example in the form of circles, Squares, triangles that are either conplanar or in superimposed planes are arranged.

When applying this principle to a network of closed channels can each channel as its own cavity resonator to be viewed as and the connections between the channels can be called the supply lines and the Outputs can be viewed. It has been found that the advantageous properties E.g. the area of spread and the ability to stimulate, especially when the network is expanded in a complicated manner.

It could also be determined that a. very effective Side length of a cavity resonator cross-section results when the cavity resonator square in cross-section and approximately 0.170 to 0.195 "(4.318 to 4.953mm) or a multiple and / or a factor thereof without a remainder. The resulting sound energy, the wavelength of which corresponds to this side length, or the components of which have wavelengths approximately of the sizes mentioned, shows a Propagation area and an excitation capacity in a gaseous medium, whose Sizes far exceed all expectations.

The invention is described below using some embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying drawing. 1 shows a block diagram an embodiment; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a further embodiment; FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a unit combining the embodiments from FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG Embodiment; Figures 4A and 4B are front and top views of the embodiment 1 with a plate, a cavity and a line; Fig. 5 is a perspective illustrated cross section of a further embodiment of the management 4A and 4B, the cross-section in the same plane as the plate from Fig.

4B is taken; 6, a cross-section shown in perspective the embodiment according to FIG. 3, cut in the same plane as the plate from Fig. 4B and equipped with a number of auxiliary resonators in addition to a primary resonator; FIG. 7 is a perspective, sectioned view of FIG Embodiment according to FIG. 2, sectioned through the same plane as the plate from Fig. 4B and provided with some auxiliary resonators in addition to a primary one Cavity as well as having a number of auxiliary lines running parallel to a primary Line are arranged; FIG. 8 is a sectional, perspective illustration of FIG Embodiment according to FIG. 1, sectioned in the same plane as the plate in FIG Fig. 4B and equipped with a resonator which has an output between two feed lines having; 9A and 9B are front and side views of the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which a resonator consists of two closed, connected geometric channels is formed in the same plane; 10 shows a side section through a modified one Version of the arrangement of Figures 9A and 9B; 11A and 11B are a front view of a disassembled and an assembled embodiment in further development the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 in which the cavity resonator is closed by closed, -interconnected, geometric channels in superimposed levels is formed; and FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional perspective view of another Embodiment according to Fig.

2, sectioned through the same plane as the plate from Fig. 4B and equipped with a cavity resonator, which consists of a closed geometric Network is formed.

The term "pressure pulses" in this specification means periodic positive pressure pulses which are mainly unipolar, i.e. the pressure on one Aufpunkt pulsates between ambient pressure and a pressure that is higher than that Ambient pressure so that the compression of the molecules of the medium occurs repeatedly, although slight negative pulses may occur between the pressure pulses. Coherent pressure pulse energy consists of pressure pulses of the same wavelength or a number of components whose wavelength contains multiples or no remainder Divisors of one another, i.e. which are integer or rationally related to one another stand. Shock waves are pressure pulses that occur as a result of a supersonic flow of a Fluid are generated. The term "sound waves" means periodic bipolar pressure waves, i.e. the pressure at a given point oscillates sinusoidally between a pressure which is higher than the ambient pressure and a pressure which lower than ambient pressure, so that compressions and dilutions of the fluid molecules occur alternately. Coherent sound wave energy exists from sound waves of the same wavelength or a number of components whose Rationally related wavelengths. The expression "pressure waves" is a generic term for pressure pulses and sound waves. The term "coherent" as it is used in this one Description is used, implies the presence of some pressure wave energy in the case of components not out whose wavelengths are not rational with the other component wavelengths or the presence of some stray pressure wave energy, analogous to background noise are related; rather, the term "coherent" is used to denote that a substantial amount of shock wave energy is rationally related Wavelengths is present.

The invention is concerned with the generation of pressure pulses and the resonance of the generated pressure pulses to generate sound waves that move characterized by a large spreading area and a high excitation capacity. The pressure pulses are given to a cavity resonator, which extends along a usually transverse to the direction of propagation of the pressure pulses at the point of addition the cavity lying longitudinal axis extends. The wavelength of the pressure pulses or the wavelengths of the components of the pressure pulses match the cross-section of the cavity resonator dimensionally linked. The relationship between the essential dimensions of the cavity resonator and the wavelength or component wavelengths of the Pressure pulse is used in the embodiments discussed and described below explained.

It was found that the sound waves generated according to the methods according to the invention are generated, a surprisingly large area of expansion have, i.e.

that they can go far without significant weakening, and are characterized by an extraordinarily high stimulation capacity. The ability to stimulate the various embodiments and arrangements described herein have been adopted the resulting improvement measured in a combustion process, such as Reduction of emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) and through the increase in the efficiency of a combustion engine. However, the excitation capacity according to the invention can also be used with great advantage in other areas, for example with gas burners and heaters, with surface cleaning and the chemical mixture of fluids or powders.

It is believed that the extraordinary properties of the sound waves obtained according to the invention essentially of the high spatial order of sound waves and pressure pulses, i.e. is due to their coherence.

The resulting intense activation seems to tend to be in the direction of possessing that gaseous media ionizes and a kind of electromagnetic Waves are generated.

Electromagnetic phenomena can have coherent pressure wave energy can be assigned in the following way: The electromagnetic waves that occur during the inventive treatment of the fluid are generated, align the fluid molecules spatially and generate a resulting disturbance in the form of pressure waves; there As the electromagnetic waves propagate, they continue to direct the resulting Disturbance, i.e. the pressure waves and amplify them; thus the pressure waves Reinforced by the electromagnetic waves and renewed as it spreads. These Theory finds support in the fact that the ratio of the speed of light to the speed of sound in air under normal conditions is 0.087 x 107. That double of 0.087 "(2.210 mm), actually a range of 0.170 to 0.195" (4.318 up to 4.953 mm), became the basic dimension for the most effective embodiment of the invention found. The actual preferred range of 0.170 to 0.195 "(4.318 to 4.953 mm) depends on the pressure drop, and with a higher pressure drop it is also the basic dimension higher in the area.

The re-strengthening of the pressure waves can also be done by electromagnetic related waves at the speed of sound or a slightly greater speed occur.

In this respect, reference is made to the article Electrodynamics of Particles and Plasmas "by P.C. Clemmow and J.P. Dougherty, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1969, which describes electromagnetically related waves, which are closely related to the speed of sound, and in which in what way an energetic coupling between such electromagnetic related waves and sound waves can take place.

In any case, from observing the effects of the sound wave energy, that it seems to ionize gases and take on electromagnetic properties appears. For example, when ionized air by that described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443 Cell is passed through, it is afterwards much more ionized.

The gain in ionization was measured and improved by the Efficiency of ionized air in cleaning insulating surfaces from charged air Particles confirmed.

Ionization is attributed to two properties of the invention be: The interaction of the rationally related frequency components of the pressure waves, for example like those in the shock wave cell according to the US patent 3 554 443 generated, and the efficiency of the resonance effect, as for example takes place in the network of channels of square cross-section (Fig. 8). The ionized gases generated according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways.

They concern the cleaning of surfaces and combustion. In the internal combustion engine, for example, the nitrogen of the fuel-air mixture be ionized to the extent that it prevents the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion chemically suppressed. This suppression can be explained in two ways: 1. The nitrogen is made chemically inert by ionizing sufficient amounts energy is applied to the nitrogen atoms to make the five outer sheaves electrons to remove and leave only the two inner shell electrons. Such Atoms that are freed from their outer shell electrons do not tend to become to combine with other atoms and consequently do not form oxides of nitrogen.

2. The nitrogen is ionized and the nitrogen atoms take one electric charge on the ionized atoms of oxygen and / or fuel repels. This allows the oxygen to go with the fuel instead of the nitrogen associate.

It has been found that the reduction in internal combustion oxides of nitrogen usually produced in proportion to the amount of compression energy is, which is applied with the aid of the Vorrichtunqen according to the invention. That would be an indication that the amount of pressure wave energy corresponds to the extent of the nitrogen ionization determined, which in turn determines the extent to which the formation of nitrogen oxides is suppressed.

The nitrogen ionization achievable with the devices according to the invention becomes strong after the initiation of combustion in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine multiplied and reinforced. The Sa-y strengthening leading to the designated decline of nitrogen oxides becomes an essential property for an example of the invention held, namely that the increase in the internal energy of a flowing Medium either before or after treating the fluid in an inventive Facility the activation of this fluid is significantly intensified, i.e. intensified. The inner one Energy of a fluid can be thermal by heating or electrically by ionizing increase. Other examples would be warming up the fluid before it passes through by a device according to the invention or by submitting the fluid under a ionizing electrostatic field, after which there is an ore in accordance with the invention Establishment has happened.

The extent of the multiplication and intensification of nitrogen ionization, which takes place after the initiation of combustion in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, is held to be directly related to the flame temperature in the cylinder, m.a.W. The higher the flame temperature, the higher the internal energy, and the higher the internal energy, the greater the reinforcement of the ionization. Experimental confirmation was found in the fact that the reduction of nitrogen oxides, the closer the operation of a by the invention Device activated combustion gasoline with stoichiometric combustion measured in terms of carbon dioxide production. m the opposite is the Production of nitrogen oxides on one not by the device according to the invention activated combustion engine in the vicinity of the stoichiometric point, due to the maximum flame temperature.

Therefore, if an internal combustion engine by one of the invention Devices is activated, it is appropriate to the fuel-air mixture on adjust stoichiometric combustion. This stops the production of oxides of nitrogen minimal.

Although the pressure pulses made to resonate according to the invention can be generated with any kind of sonic or ultrasonic nozzles, is the use of a shock wave generating cell according to U.S. Patent 3,554,443 particularly useful. To the disclosure of U.S. Patents 3,554,443 and 3 531 048 is, insofar as it is essential for an understanding of the invention, special Referenced. A double-cone ultrasonic nozzle is used in the shock wave cell described there formed in a cylindrical passage through fluid boundary layers that the Set effective nozzle dimensions and compensate for pressure fluctuations. The boundary layers are created in a number of holes in the cylindrical passage to lead. As described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443, the hole diameters and the Dimensions of the cell chosen so that the wavelengths of those generated in the cell Components are multiples and divisors of one another without a remainder. As a result the cell emits coherent pressure pulse energy. For those described in U.S. Patent 3,554 443, the component wavelengths are multiples or without Remainder divisible divisor of a fundamental length in the range from 0.170 to Q, 195 ", what of the pressure drop across the cell in a pressure range of 1 to 20 psi (703 to 14 060 kp / m2). A value of 0.180 "(4.572 mm) is used for the description assumed as the fundamental wavelength for the cell, in exemplary dimensions is specified in the following exemplary embodiments and arrangements.

In Fig. 1, a source 10 for a pressurized fluid is shown, the air from an overpressure in the range of 0.1 to 14 psi (70.3 to 9142 kp / m2) could be, with the source connected to a feed line 11 at one end is. The other end of the feed line 11 communicates with a Cavity resonator 12, in particular, is connected to this, and extends along an axis which is transverse to the axis of the feed line 11, the axis the feed line 11 is preferably to be set at the connection point; the cavity resonator 12 preferably has a right-angled or square cross-section. The cavity resonator 12 has an outlet communicating with the atmosphere. One has accordingly of the invention found that even if the laminar flow through the feed line 11 11 fluid flowing due to the between the source 10 and the output of the cavity resonator 12 existing pressure drop runs at infrasound speed in the supply line 11 pressure pulses are generated which, in terms of their wavelength, correspond to the linear dimensions the cross section of the feed line 11, the pressure and the speed of the flowing through Fluids are related. The linear dimensions of the feed line 11 are chosen so that that the wavelength of its pressure pulses is related to its dimension is related to the linear dimension of the cross section of the cavity resonator 12. Preferably are the linear dimensions of the cross section of the feed line 11 and the linear ones Side dimensions of the cavity resonator 12 are multiples of a common divider. The feed line 11 expediently has a square cross-section, the length of the side is equal to the side length of the square cross section of the cavity 12; the Feed line 11 can also have a circular cross-section, the diameter of which is the same is the side length of the square cross section of the cavity 12. Because the wavelength of the pressure pulses due in part to the linear dimensions of the supply line 11, the related to the linear dimensions of the cavity 12 in the manner described stand, is determined, these pressure pulses will resonate in the cavity 12 as a result, will more useful due to the effect of resonance in sound wave energy Intensity converted, and get into the surrounding atmosphere through the exit of the cavity 12. Since, however, the wavelength of the pressure pulses partly also from the velocity of the fluid is determined, the pressure pulses move in and out of resonance with cavity 12 as the pressure of source 10 fluctuates.

Accordingly, the intensity of the from the cavity fluctuates 12 emitted sound wave energy when the pressure of the source 10 fluctuates. For some Pressure areas, it is useful for the design of the feed line 11 that a Linear dimension of the cross section with a linear dimension of the cross section of the Cavity 12 is rationally related.

In summary, the embodiment of FIG. 1 provides for regulated Pressure ratios of the fluid represent an effective sound generator that Sound wave energy, which may be coherent, generated without an ultrasonic or sonic flow of the fluid would be required. The ability to stimulate or the efficiency of the sound generator is determined by the dependence of the wavelength the resulting sound energy from the linear dimensions of the cross-section of the Supply line 11 limited; around the wavelength of the sound wave energy for a magnification To reduce the excitation capacity, the linear dimensions of the supply line must be used 11, which limits the flow rate of the fluid will. Of course, the sound generator according to FIG. 1 can also contain coherent sound wave energy radiate. -If the ratio of inlet pressure to outlet pressure across an orifice exceeds a critical pressure ratio, in the case of air 1.9, the fluid flows by the bandage at the speed of sound, creating shockwave pressure pulses can be generated by a wavelength that corresponds to the linear dimensions of the diaphragms Relationship stands. The source 10 and the feed line 11 to Pig. 1 form one Shock wave generator when the air pressure of the source 10 is above 1.9 atm. is raised.

Because the wavelengths of the forming a coherent sound wave energy Components are all essentially integer multiples of a common factor these components reinforce each other and form standing waves in an enclosed area and generate extraordinarily large pressure gradients. The described coherent sound wave energy creates much higher pressure gradients and a higher atomization performance than comparable pressure pulses due to the bipolar nature of the sound source.

As shown in Fig. 2, a shock wave generator 13 is over a coupling 14 connected to a preferably rectangular cavity resonator 15, which may be identical to the cavity 12 of FIG. The shock wave generator 13 can the source 10 and the supply line 11 of Fig. 1, if the air of the source 10 under a pressure higher than 1.9 atm. stands; but he could also use the U.S. Patent Application 818,750, dated April 23, 1969, described fluid nozzle or the shock waves generating source according to U.S. Patent 3,554,443. The shock wave generator 13 generates periodic shock wave pressure pulses, their wavelength or wavelengths their component to a linear expansion of the cross section of the cavity 15 in Are related, in particular a multiple of a common divisor of the linear dimensions of the cavity cross-section. The coupling 14 is preferably a channel with a cross section whose dimension to the cavity 15 in relation to stands; the channel preferably has the same aspect ratio to the cavity 15 like channel 11 to cavity 12 in FIG. 1. It has been found that the use such a channel a very effective coupling of the surge generator 13 results in the cavity resonator 15 without substantial attenuation, even if the shock wave generator and the cavity resonator are spatially very far apart, e.g.

about 6 m or more. However, the coupling 14 can also take other forms assume, such as a spread into free space, though at the expense of one greater damping for the shock wave pressure pulses generated by the generator 13. In Both cases are the shock wave pressure pulses that hit the cavity resonator 15 are converted into sound wave energy by the effect of resonance, the has a much higher activation capacity than those produced by infrasound Pressure pulses that excite the cavity 12.

In Fig. 3, the embodiments from Figs. 1 and 2 are combined and result in a sound generator that is even more highly activated coherent sound wave energy produced. This results in a greater atomizing performance. A source 16 of pressurized fluid corresponding to source 10 of Fig. 1, is connected at one end to a feed line 17, the line 11 from Fig. 1 corresponds. The other end of the feed line 17 communicates with a transverse, right-angled cavity resonator 18 and is expediently connected to this, the corresponds to the cavity resonator 12 from FIG. 1 or the cavity resonator 15 from FIG. 2. A shock wave generator 19, which corresponds to the shock wave generator 13 from FIG. 2, is via a coupling 20, which corresponds to the coupling 14 from FIG. 2, to the cavity resonator 18 connected.

For the linear dimensions of the cable cross-section of the management 17 a fairly large value is chosen in order to achieve a large closing speed of the To have fluid. As already indicated, this results in pressure pulses with a fairly long wavelength.

On the other hand, the shock wave generator 19 is designed so that it Generated pressure pulses with a fairly small wavelength. The big and the small Wavelengths are related to one another in terms of their dimensions. if the long wavelength energy generated by the supply line 17 and that of the shock wave generator 19 generated energy with a small wavelength in the Unite cavity resonator 18, then arises in addition to the resonance process an energy mixing process that is analogous to the superposition mixing electromagnetic Radio waves can be accepted. This mixing effect increases the intensity the generated coherent sound energy compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 and reduces the wavelength of the wavelength predominant energy component of the generated coherent sound waves compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 1. In any case, a fluid flowing at a high flow velocity will more activated by this embodiment than by one of the embodiments 1 and 2, i.e. this embodiment processes the fluid more completely.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a feed line is 31 corresponding to line 11 from FIG. 1 or coupling 14 from FIG. 2, and a cavity resonator 32 corresponding to the cavity 12 from FIG. 1 or the cavity 15 from FIG. 2 from a Metal plate 30 is formed. The line 31 has a circular cross-section (Fig.

4A) and is of arbitrary length (Fig. 4B). One not shown Source for a pressurized Fluid or a shock wave generator could at the end of the supply line 31 in a not shown in Fig. 4B Way to be connected. For purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that the Shock wave generating cell of U.S. Patent 3,554,443 is used. The other End of the supply line 31 communicates with the cavity resonator 32, which is preferably has a square cross-section with width X and height Z (e.g. X, Z = 0.180 " or - 4,572 mm).

The cross-sectional diameter D of the feed line 31 is related for width X and height Z (e.g.

D = 0.180 "or = 4.572 mm). The ends of the cavity resonator 32 point open outputs which communicate with the recesses 33 and 34 in the plate 30.

At the point where the feed line 31 with the cavity resonator 32 is connected, an intersection is formed. As shown, is the longitudinal axis of the cavity resonator 32 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the feed line 31 at the intersection, so that pressure pulses are given to the cavity 32 in a direction that is transverse to the longitudinal axis. In the cavity resonator 32, sound wave energy, In particular, coherent sound wave energy is generated, with the resonance in two mutually mutually perpendicular directions takes place, i.e. between the two Pair parallel sides of cavity 32, and this resonance effect continues while the energy moves along the longitudinal axis of the cavity 32 after his open ends to propagates where the sound wave energy is in the direction of the plane of the Plate 30 is emitted into the room, which is enclosed by the recesses 33 and 34 in which standing sound waves are formed. The sound wave energy spreads then outwards in: a direction which is transverse to the plane of the plate 30. The cross-sectional dimensions X, Z and D are particularly important where, on the other hand, is the length of the cavity resonator 32, i.e. the distance between the recesses 33 and 34, and the length of the feed line 31 are not critical. The recesses 33 and 34 can also be holes. When the shock wave pressure pulses on the supply line 31 using the shock wave generator of US Patent 3,554,443 with a principal component wavelength of 0.194 ", the diameter of the feed line 31 should also be the same 0.194 "and the cross-sectional sides of the cavity resonator 32 are also 0.194" in size to get voted.

Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the plate 30, which is 30 ' is designated. A feed line 35 of square cross-section is in the plate 30 'cut. At one end, the feed line 35 communicates with a cross lying cavity resonator 36 of square cross-section. The ends of the cavity 36 are open and communicate with the recesses or holes 37 and 38 in the Plate 30 '. The side length of the cross section of the supply line 35 is equal to that Side length of the cavity resonator 36. Note that the cavity resonator 36 is shorter than in Figs. 4A and 4B because the openings 37 and 38 are closer together lie.

Fig. 6 shows a feed line 17, a Ston wave generator 19, a coupling 20 and the cavity resonator 18 from FIG. 3 in detail. The feed line 17 has an outer tube 40, a coupling 41 and a longitudinal channel 42, whose respective circular cross-sections have the same diameter. The outer pipe 40 is connected via the coupling 41 to the longitudinal channel 42, which extends through a metallic Plate 43 extends. The plate 43 has holes 55 and 56. The shock wave generator 19th comprises a shock wave generating unit 39 with an inlet, to which a source 44 of pressurized fluid is connected. For the purpose of description, it will be assumed that source 44 and source 16 are both are under a pressure greater than one atmosphere and that of the Holes 55 and 56 enclosed space is under atmospheric pressure.

Conversely, sources 16 and 44 could be under atmospheric pressure, when negative pressure is applied downstream, which occurs in an intake system of an internal combustion engine the case is. The unit 39 preferably comprises two shock wave generating cells, which are arranged one behind the other. For the description it is assumed that the individual cells of unit 39 have the dimensions described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443 and hole diameter. In this case, the is drawn into the unit 39 Infrasound air flow converted into an ultrasonic air flow, the shock wave pressure pulses generated by a fundamental wavelength of 0.180 ". In particular, if it is assumed that the temperature of the air flowing out of the source is 528 ° R, the The wavelength of the main energetic components is 0.194 ". As in US Pat 554 443 discussed in detail, the energetic components can have other wavelengths have multiples and / or common factors of the principal component wavelength are. A pipe 45 connects the outlet of the unit 39 to the longitudinal channel 42 in FIG Middle between their ends. Thus, the coupling 20 comprises the tube 45 and a part of the longitudinal channel 42. The tube 45 has a circular cross-section, the diameter of which is equal to that of the longitudinal channel (e.g.

0.180 ").

In the plate 43 there is a main resonator 46 and auxiliary resonators 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53.

The main resonator 46 is connected to the auxiliary resonator 53 via a slot 54 connected. One end of the main resonator 46, auxiliary resonator 53 and the auxiliary resonators 47, 48 and 49 are each arranged offset by 900 on the periphery of the hole 55. Similarly, the other end of the main resonator 46 is the auxiliary resonator 53 and the auxiliary resonators 50, 51 and 52 each by 900 on the periphery of the N holes 56 arranged offset. The main resonator 46, the auxiliary resonator 53 and the slot 54 have the same heights Z1 (e.g. Z1 0, 180 "). The main resonator 46 has a depth X1 of, for example, 0.180 "and a non-critical length that extends extends completely over the space between the holes 55 and 56. The slot 54 has a width Y2 and a depth X2, both for example 0.090 "or 2.286 mm. The auxiliary resonator 53 has a depth X3 vop, for example 0.090 " and a non-critical length that extends over the entire space between the holes 55 and 56 extends. The auxiliary resonators 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52 all have preferably the same dimensions.

namely a height Z4, a width Y4 and a depth X4 of, for example 0.180 "each. The dimensions X1, Z1, X2, Y2, X3, X4, Y4 and Z4 as well as the diameter of the longitudinal channel 42 are all critical. Also the wavelength of the shock wave pressure pulses, which are transmitted through the longitudinal channel 42 into the main resonator 46 is from Meaning. The sizes mentioned are preferably multiples of a common factor. Assuming as an example that the wavelength of the pressure pulses is O; 194'r, the dimensions xl, Z1, X4, Y4 and Z4 are also 0.194 ", the dimensions X2, Y2 and X3 7 * e preferably 0.097 "or 2.4638 m. And the length of duct diameter 42 is preferably 0.194 "to Can facilitate manufacturing the back wall of the resonators 47 to 52 (i.e. that of the open side of the corresponding Cavities opposite wall) should be slightly rounded. These cavities can therefore are machined. Instead of a cubic shape, the auxiliary resonators can also have a non-cubic-hexandrlsche form. So overall are the dimension The resonators and the supply lines to them are adjusted to the wavelength of the pressure pulses Voted. As described in U.S. Patent 3,531,048, the cells are the unit 39 self-compensating with regard to pressure fluctuations and generate weiterçs4.n Shock wave pressure pulses of nearly the same magnitude when the pressure drop varies across the cells, so the dimensions of the resonators remain all that ellenlXnsv of the pressure pulses matched, despite fluctuations in the pressure of the source 44.

In operation, the resonance effect of the main resonator 46 is through the Slot 54 and the auxiliary resonator 53 reinforce the metallic reflection surface of the plate 43 is replaced by a fluidic reflecting surface, namely by the fluid at the interface of slot 54 and main resonator 46. The structure of this fluidic reflection surface requires that the sum X2 + X3 to the wavelength the pressure pulse is related, in particular a multiple or one without Has remainder divisible divider with this one.

In addition to their task of forming the fluidic reflection surface the auxiliary resonator carries at the interface between the main resonator 46 and the slot 54 53 contributes to the resonance of the pressure pulse energy given to it through the slot 54 will. In this sense, the auxiliary resonator 53 is in series with the main resonator 46 switched. Some portion of the energy drawn from the ends of the main resonator 46 and from the auxiliary resonator 53 is emitted is from the auxiliary resonators 47, 48 and 49 and the auxiliary resonators 50, 51 and 52 taken on. Due to the The resonance effect of the absorbed energy finds dimensions of these cavities in height, width and depth, i.e. in three dimensions. The result is the excitability the sound energy or the intensity emerging from the holes 55 and 56 the coherent sound energy is significantly increased and a more uniform one is formed standing wave field over the holes 55 and 56.

In Fig. 7 is an arrangement of the shock wave generator 13, the coupling 14 and the cavity resonator 15 from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in detail shown.

The shock wave generator 13 comprises the shock wave generating units 60 and 61, of which each of the unit 39 and FIG. 6 can be the same. A source 62 for pressurized fluid is with the inlets of the units 60 and 61 connected via a Y-shaped branch connection 63, and the outlets from the units 60 and 61 are combined in a junction 64 in a Y-shape, and further a coupling 65 is provided to an inlet conduit 66, which is in a Metal plate 67 is formed.

The plate has holes 68 and 69. A main resonator 70 extends between the holes 68 and 69 and auxiliary resonators 71, 72 and 73 are around the Hole 68 and auxiliary resonators 74, 75 and 76 are offset by 90 ° around hole 69 while an auxiliary resonator 77 extends between the holes 68 and 69 and a slot 78 connects resonators 70 and 77. The cavities or cavities 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 and 77 and the slot 78 correspond to the cavities 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 as well as the slot 54 from Fig. 6 and are related to the fundamental wavelength of the shock wave pressure pulses, are in particular multiples of a common factor. A main line 80 connects the inlet line 66 to the main resonator 70, and auxiliary lines 81 and 82 connect the inlet line 66 with the cavities 72 and 75. The lines 66, 80, 81 and 82 are all square in cross-section, e.g. 0.180 "on the side, the with the linear cross-sectional dimensions of the feeder 64 (e.g. 0.180 ") in proportion stands. The feed 64 has a circular or square cross-section. Both Linear dimensions are related to the fundamental wavelength of the shock wave pressure pulses (e.g. 0.180 ") in the ratio. The coupling 14 from FIG. 2 is shown in FIG 64 and lines 66, 80, 81 and 82 represented. The uniformity of the standing Wave field or the intensity of the coherent sound energy generated by the plate configuration 7 is generated above the holes 68 and 69, is further enlarged compared to the plate configuration of Fig. 6, by virtue of the auxiliary lines 81 and 82, which aeben the shock wave pressure pulses directly on the auxiliary resonators 72 and 75. The resonators 70 and 72 are in their mode of operation parallel and emit sound energy, in particular, coherent sound energy into the hole 68 at diametrically opposite one another Points of its scope. The resonators 70 and 75 are parallel and emit Sound energy, particularly coherent sound energy into the hole 69 at diametrically opposite points of its scope. If it were necessary that the main resonator 70 only supplies sound energy to one hole, it could be closed at one end, in which case it would be essentially the same as the auxiliary resonators 72 and 75.

In order to have a fluid with the arrangements according to the invention, in particular according to the Pig. 4 to 7, to excite or atomize, becomes the fluid passed through the holes in the plate perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The fluid is activated when it is caused by the standing wave field formed over the holes passes through.

In practical operation, the resonance is not completely destroyed, until the wavelength of the N pressure pulses is a quarter of a wavelength from prescribed value relative to the dimensions of the cavities and ducts, i.e. of multiples of a common factor, deviates. When the actual relationship in the mutual dimensions of the pressure pulse wavelength, cavity cross-sections and line cross-sections within + 10 X of the prescribed values is, the results described still occur. With a larger one than + 10% of a deviation, the results are lower, but remain usable.

8 shows a further embodiment of the cavity resonator from Fig. 2. A cavity resonator is formed in a plate 87 with holes 88 and 89. A main resonator 90 is formed by a network of channels, all of which preferably have a square cross-section, with a height Zt and a width Y1 of 0.180 ", for example. The main resonator 90 has a longitudinal channel 91 and a transverse channel 92 which is perpendicular thereto and which is attached to one end of the channel 91 is connected. At its ends, the channel 92 opens into the holes 88 and 89 via the output channels 99 and 100. On the one opposite the channel 92 At the end of the channel 91 opens into both holes 88 and 89 through a Output channel 101 with a depth X1 of, for example, 0.180 ". Auxiliary resonators 93 and 94 are at the periphery of the hole 88 by 90 ° against each other and against the Channels 99 and 101 arranged offset; the auxiliary resonators 95 and 96 are on the Perimeter of the hole 89 offset from one another by 900 and from the channels 100 and 101 arranged. The resonators 93 to 96 are all preferably hexahedral in shape with a width Y2, a height Z2 and a depth X2 of, for example, each equal to 0.180 ". Their rear shutters are rounded and facilitate machine production. The radius of the rounding on the back of the cavities 93 to 96 is related to the side dimensions of cavities 93 to 96 preferably in a ratio. The feed lines 97 and 98 couple one or more shock wave generators, which are not shown in FIG. 8 are attached to the transverse channel 92. For example, a single shock wave generating Unit, similar to units 60 or 61, to feed lines 97 and 98 a Y-connection must be connected; or it could produce atparate shock waves Units can be connected directly to the respective supply lines 97 and 98. The feed lines 97 and 98 preferably have a round cross-section, the diameter of which D equals the three side dimensions X2, Y2 and Z2 of the auxiliary resonators 93 to 96 and the side dimension Xl, Yi, Z1 of the main resonator 90 (e.g. D = 0, l80çt). The wavelength or wavelengths generated by the shock wave generator are assumed to be 0.180 ", multiples thereof and divisors. The distances U 'and U along the transverse channel 92 between the supply line 97 and the longitudinal channel 9l and between the supply line 97 and the output channel 99, 'as well as the distances V and V 'along the transverse channel 92 between the supply line 98 and the longitudinal channel 91 and between the feed line 98 and the output channel 100 are all preferably a multiple of the width Y and the height Z of the channels (e.g. U, U ', V, V' = 0.54011, approximately = 13.716 mm). The cross-sectional dimensions Y1, Z1, X1, Y2 Z2 X2 and D as well as the longitudinal dimensions U, U ', V, V' are critical. Kick intersections where the supply lines 97 and 98 meet the transverse channel 92, where the longitudinal channel 91 the output channel 101, and where the cross channel 92 the output channels 99 and 100 meets. It has been found that keeping the feed lines 97 and at a distance 98 relative to the channels 91, 99 and 101 a measuring effect in the manner described leads to. In other words, the cavity resonator tends to absorb the fluctuations to reduce in flow velocity as a function of pressure drop, specifically if the fluctuations in the pressure drop are caused by changes in the downstream pressure d. H. in the pressure within holes 88 and 89, they are created in the intake system of an automobile engine.

9A and 9B show further alternatives Ifl of the embodiment of the cavity resonator 12 from FIG. 2, which has a stronger metering effect than the arrangement according to Fig. 8 shows. A channel network 105 is sunk on one side formed of a metal plate 106 and the adjacent side of a metal plate 107, which are attached to the plate 106 with the aid of fastening means (rivets etc.) 108, 109, 110 and 111 is bracketed.

The network 105 that is made up of the bracketed panels 106 and 107 For reasons of easier production, it can of course also be used in another, convenient facility can be provided. The network 105 comprises a ring channel 112, which surrounds the channels 113, 114, 115 and 116, which form an equilateral triangle, which connect the annular channel 112 to the corners of the triangular channel 113; the channels 117, = 18 and 159 connect the center points corresponding triangle sides with a transverse central passage 120. Passage 120 is through the inner surface a tube is formed that extends through the plates 106 and 107. An ultrasonic nozzle 122, which preferably consists of the cell described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443, is press fit into a counterbore of passage 120 in plate 106, so that the passage 120 communicates with the inlet of the nozzle 122. For the further The description will assume that nozzle 122 is that described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443 Cell and the dimensions mentioned there. Air under pressure will the central passage 120 and builds an air flow in the direction of the Arrows 123 and 124. A control line 125 connects the ring channel 112 with the Exterior of the plate 106 where pressurized air is supplied to the control line 125 to establish airflow in the direction of arrow 126. The channels of the network 105 all preferably have a square cross-section with a Width Y and a height Z of e.g. 0.180 ". The width Y and the height Z and the component wavelengths the pressure pulse energy from the nozzle 122 is preferably in a rational relationship to each other. The distances R, R ', S, S', T and T 'between the connections of the ring channel 112 with the connecting channels 114, 115 and 116 and the connections of the triangular channel 113 with the connecting channels 117, 118 and 119 are all preferably multiples the width Y and the height Z of the channels (e.g. R, R ', S, S', T, T '5 1.080 ", approximately = 27.432 mm). As a result of the dimensional relationships, the energy of the Fluid flowing through the medium passage 120 in sound energy with high excitability converted. The diameter of the control line 125 is with the Y and Z dimensions of the channels are also preferably in proportion (e.g. 0.090 ", about = 2.286 mm). A small amount of electricity the flowing through the control line 125 Air is used to increase the excitability of the device described generated sound energy. Although the nozzle 122 is on the downstream side of the network 105 is arranged, a coupling of the pressure pulses from the nozzle 122 to the network 105 assumed against the general fluid flow, so that those related to Fig. 2 described relationships are basically used. The dimensions X, Y, Z, R, R ', S, S', T, T 'and the diameter of the control line 125 8 are critical.

FIG. 10 shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIGS. 9A and 9B, which are based on the embodiment according to FIG.

1 based. The conduit 125 is preferably enlarged so that its diameter equals dimensions Y and Z (e.g. 0.180 "); the lW section of the central passage 120 in the plate 107 is omitted and an ultrasonic nozzle is not used. In this arrangement, the only passage for the air flow leads from the duct 125 through the entire network of channels. Note that network 105 as an extension of the basic network of lines 97 and 98 and the Channels 91, 99, 101 and 92 can be viewed, for example the channels 115, 114, 117, 118, 119 and the portion of the channel 113 between the channels 117 and 118 and channels 118 and 119 correspond. The ones generated in the control line 125 Pressure pulses continue to be applied to the annular channel 112 across its length on the The point at which the control line 125 flows into the ring channel 112 is coupled.

In addition to a very long cavity, i.e. essentially for the sum of the circumferences of the ring channel 112 and the triangular channel 113, this delivers Network 105 continues to have many intersections, namely where the channels 114, 115 and 116 the ring channel 112 to the channel 113, and wt the channels 117 and 118 and connect 119 to channel 113.

A transverse cavity resonator comprises a three-dimensional one Network of channels, i.e. a network that is divided into two or more superimposed Extends levels and can be formed in a close packing manner. Figs. 11A and i show a cavity resonator 5 from FIG. 1 in such a package.

In Fig. 11A, the plates 132, 133, 134, 135, and 136 in FIG. 11 are not shown assembled form.

In Fig. 11B, the plates 132 to 136 are added together, with one Version consists of plates 133, 535 and 132, while another version is the Platinum 133, 136 and 134 included. A shock generating cell 137 according to US patent 3,554,443 is attached to plate 133 while a connector 138 is attached to the Plate 132 or 134 is attached. A rectangular channel} 139 and a transverse one Center passages are formed in the plate 132. Channels 141, 142, t43 and 144 connect the rectangular channel 139 to the central passage 140. An annular channel 145 and a transverse central passage 146 are formed in the plate 133.

A control line 147 couples the ring channel 145 to the circumference of the Plate 133. Plate 135 has connecting lines 148, 149, 150 and 151 and one Medium passage 152 * The outer diameter of the annular channel 145 is just as large as the outside dimension of the rectangular channel 139. When the plates 132, 135 and 133 are stacked on top of each other, this is done in the order that the in Fig. 11A The plate surfaces 132 and 133 shown lie one above the other, the rectangular channel 139, the connecting lines 148 to 151 and the ring channel 145 aligned with one another are and a single coherent Form a network, and the Central passages 140, 152 and 146 are aligned and have a straight, Form unobstructed passage between the nozzle 137 and the connector 138.

An equilateral triangular channel 153 and a transverse central passage 154 are formed in the plate 134. Channels 155, 156, and 157 connect the Triangular channel 153 with central passage 154. Plate 136 has connecting lines 158, 159 and 160 and a central passage 161. The outer radius of the ring channel 145 is exactly the same as the distance from the center of one side of the outer circumference of the triangular channel 153 to the center of the central passage 154, i.e. the one equilateral Triangle-forming channel 153 is circumscribed around central passage 154. When the panels 133, 136 and i34 are stacked on top of each other, this is done in the order that the plate surfaces 133 and 134 shown in Fig. 11A are against each other have the ring channel 145, the connecting lines 158 to 160 and the triangular channel 151 are aligned and form a single cohesive network, and the central passages 146, 161 and 154 are aligned and one straight, unobstructed passage between the nozzle 137 and the connector 138 form. The channels 139, 141 to 144, 145, 153 and 154 to 157 preferably have square cross-sections with a width of Y and a height Z, for example Be 0.180. The connecting lines 148 to 151 and 158 to 160 preferably have circular cross-section with a diameter Dl equal to the width Y and height Z of the channels is, for example, D1 -0.180. The control line 147 preferably has a circular cross-section D2, the diameter of which is equal to Half of the Width Y and the height Z of the channels is, for example D2 = 0.090iT. The distances R and R 'between the intersections of the rectangular channel 139 (which has a square cross-section), the diameter S of the annular channel 145 and the distances T and T 'between the intersections of the triangular channel 153 are all preferred Multiples of the width Y and the height Z of the ducts, for example R, R '= 0.540 " (about 13.716mm), S = 1.08 "(about = 27.432mm), T, T '0.900" (about = 22.86mm). As is apparent from the exemplary dimensions, the multiple with special Preferably at least equal to 3. The dimensions Y, 1, D1, D2, R, R ', S, T and T' are all critical. The central passages 140, 146, 152, 154 and 151, their dimensions are not critical, all are preferably circular in cross-section with a Diameter large enough to achieve the desired flow rate of the Fluids u enable.

In general, it has been shown that the propagation area of the sound energy and its excitability, measured by the improvement in an internal combustion process, is directly related to the number of intersections and the length of the sewer network. These factors appear to increase the resonance effect in the cavity. Consequently can be a network of channels, which is arranged in superimposed levels, generate very intense sound waves, because of the additional intersections, formed by the connection between the channels in the different levels be, and because of the ability to extend the length of the network by stacking it to enlarge multiple levels of channels. It is believed that with increasing number of intersections and greater length of the network of channels, through which the fluid molecules have to run, these molecules are all the more aligned will, i.e. the sound energy becomes more coherent.

For a given excitation ability, the number of intersections and reducing the length of the network by applying the fluid to an ultrasonic nozzle is pretreated. Fig. 12 shows a compact sound wave generator based on based on this principle. A network 170 is arranged in a metal plate 171, which is shown in cross section in FIG. The network 170 comprises a ring channel 172 and longitudinal channels 173 and 174 extending from opposite sides of the annular channel 172 to the exterior of the plate 171. Channels 172, 173 and 174 all have preferably square cross-sections with a width Y and a height Z (e.g., Y, Z w 0.180 "). The outer diameter R of the annular channel 172 is preferably a Multiples of the width Y and the height Z of the channels (e.g. R w 0.900 "), the lengths S and S 'of the channels 173 and 174 are preferably a multiple of the width Y and the Height Z of the channels (e.g. S, S '= 0.360 ", about -'9.144 mm). An ultrasonic nozzle 175, which preferably consists of the cell described in U.S. Patent 3,554,443 attached to the plate 171 so that the nozzle outlet communicates with the channel 173. A pressurized fluid is applied to the inlet of the ultrasonic nozzle 175 and the fluid flow passes through nozzle 175 and network 170 to the exterior of the Plate 171 on longitudinal channel 174. It is assumed that nozzle 175 is so designed is that the component waves of the shock waves generated by it are multiples or divisors of 0.180 ". Thus, nozzle 175 and network 170 are dimensionally related to one another customized. The nozzle 175 directs the fluid molecules to some extent before they enter into network 170 so that very accurate alignment results, though the network 170 is not very long.

It is emphasized that Figures 4B, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12 show cross sections. As explained in FIG. 4A for the cavity 32, all lines, channels and Voids shown in these cross-sections are actually on top of that Closed side that lies in the cutting plane. You can go through the plate itself as in Fig. 4A or by another plate as in Fig. 9B or by a thin one Sealing washer or similar

to be finished.

In the above description is in connection with the various Embodiments have been spoken of as having a relationship in terms of dimension between the cavity resonator, the cross-sectional dimensions of the line and the Wavelength or the component wavelengths of the pressure pulses should exist.

In general, the rule to be followed provides that the essential, critical dimensions of the cavity resonator and the wavelength or the component wavelengths of the pressure pulses that are to be brought into resonance, multiples of a common factor are. If, for example, the cavity resonator is a channel with a square cross-section and a side edge of 0.270 "(about 6,958 mm) and the pressure pulses is a wavelength of 0.18011, the common divisor is 0.090 ", the side dimension of the Cross section is three times that and is the wavelength of the pressure pulse twice that. The decisive cross-sectional dimensions of the cavity and the wavelength or the component wavelengths of the pressure pulses are preferably in a rational relationship to one another.

They can also be in an integer ratio to one another. That Multiple is as close to 1 as makes practical sense. If it's practical, that Making multiples of 1 is the cross-sectional dimensions of the cavity and the wavelength of the pressure pulses is the same. The important longitudinal dimensions of the cavity between the crossings are in most cases preferably three times that Cross-sectional dimensions of the cavity.

The invention is self-evident to the exemplary embodiments shown in no way restricted. For example, those described in FIGS. 4 to 12 can be used Cavity resonators in an embodiment of Fig. Ibis 3 are used. One Metal plate is simply a convenient material for forming the cavities and conduits. A suitable metal for the panels is a freely machinable one Aluminum, for example from the quality designation 60 to 61. Of course, others can also Materials and bodies, such as plastic, are used, whichever is the case Area of application is aimed. Furthermore, there is the vacuum source on the downstream side corresponding to the source of pressurized fluid on the upstream side Equivalent to the description above.

Furthermore, the lines and cavities can have other cross-sectional shapes or - dimensions as long as the important dimensions on the wavelength the pressure pulses remain coordinated, so that a resonance effect can occur. Thus, the cavity resonators can have circular cross-sections, albeit rectangular Cross sections are preferred.

In extension of the principles developed with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12 transverse cavity resonators can be used in numerous other network configurations be created. For example, a network can have a ring channel, which circumscribes a square channel, both in the same plane (approximately as in Fig. 26 of US application 158,915 of Jan.

July 1971) or in superimposed levels according to Fig. 11A lie. When a stacked Network of channels is used, there is a limit to the number of variations of the stacked one on top of the other Channels not known. If the network has a polygonal channel, e.g. B. a square or a triangle, become the input and / or output lines of the channel at distances from the polygon corners advantageously localized the corresponding Multiples of a linear cross-sectional dimension of the channels forming the network are. In addition, the invention is generally applicable to fluids, i.e. fluids, on liquids as well as on gases.

In a first embodiment, there is a source of pressure standing fluid connected to a conduit leading from a transverse cavity resonator is completed by a preferably square cross-section.

The cross sections of the conduit and cavity are related their dimension in relation to each other.

In a second embodiment, a shock wave generator is connected to a transverse cavity resonator connected. The component wavelengths of the shock waves and the cross-section of the cavity is dimensionally related to each other, preferably form a rational relationship. A third embodiment linked the first and second embodiments with each other.

The main cavity resonator can be supported by auxiliary cavity resonators with a partially enclosed area in which the main cavity resonator is located opens, communicate. One or more auxiliary resonators can be parallel to the main resonator are supplied by auxiliary lines. Furthermore, an auxiliary cavity can be in series be arranged with the main cavity, so that a fluidic reflective Surface at the rear of the main cavity. A fluid or fluid can be a transverse cavity resonator through two or more feed lines fed will. The cavity can consist of a network of closed, interconnected geometric channels are formed, the circles, squares and form triangles and either in a common plane or in superimposed layers Levels can be accommodated.

Claims (62)

Expectations ============ 9 method for generating sound energy, thereby characterized in that pressure pulses of a given wavelength are generated and used for conversion in sound energy simultaneously between a first pair of parallel, a first Spaced reflective surfaces and between a second pair of parallel, a second reflection surfaces having a spacing perpendicular to the first spacing be brought to resonance, the first and second distances in proportion to stand by each other. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and the second distance are related to the wavelength read. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the given wavelength and the first and second distance in a rational relationship to stand by each other. 4. Process for generating sound energy with high excitability and short wavelength, in particular according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that pressure pulses of large wavelength in a medium with large Flow velocity as well as pressure impulses of small wavelengths leading to large Wave length is related, generated and combined to form sound waves and brought to resonance. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio the large to the small wavelength is rational and the combined pressure pulses be brought to resonance in such a way that the intensity of the energy at. the little one Wavelength is increased. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure pulses converted into coherent sound energy of the small wavelength by resonance will. 7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in, that the merging and resonance of the pressure pulses in separate stages is performed. 8. Method for strong excitation of gases, especially after a of the preceding claims, characterized in that it generates pressure wave energy which has several components whose wavelength is in a rational ratio stand to each other, and that the pressure wave energy is released into the gas and spreads through this. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the wavelengths of the components in the range of 0.172 to 0.195 "(4.369 to 4.953 mm) or multiples and / or dividers thereof. 10. Method of reducing nitrogen oxides in an internal combustion engine be generated with a recording system through which the combustible mixture in the Combustion cylinder flows, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a combustible mixture is produced, the leads to stoichiometric combustion in the cylinders, and that to activation the combustible mixture is supplied with pressure energy to the absorption system. 11. Method of transferring sound energy from a first to a second point, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that pressure waves are generated at the first point, the wavelength of which essentially in the range between 0.172 and 0.195 "or multiples and / or divisors of which lie, and that the pressure waves from the first to the second point through a Gas are passed through. 12. Sound generator for the method according to one of the preceding Claims characterized by one of one or more components (106, 107; 132 ... 136) composite bodies (30, 30 ', 67, 87, ...), one in the body formed closed channel (32, 36, 46, 70, 90, 113, ...) with right-angled Cross-section, the side dimensions of which are in relation to each other, as well as through a feed (31, 35, 42, 66, 80, 97, 98, ...) and a discharge device (33, 34; 37, 38; 55, 56; 68, 69; 88, 89, ...) for a fluid to the channel. 13. Sound generator according to claim 12, characterized in that the relationship is rational. 14. Sound generator according to claim 12 or 14, characterized in that that another closed channel (112, ...) with a right-angled cross-section in the body is formed and that the two channels to form a unified, continuous network. 15. Sound generator according to claim 14, characterized in that the two channels have different geometrical shapes and one channel the other is circumscribed. 16. Sound generator according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that that the two channels are in different planes. 17. Sound generator, in particular according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized by at least one hole (33, 34, ...), through a coupling device (32, 36, 46, ...), the sound energy of a given wavelength into the hole, as well as by at least one hexahedral Cavity resonator (49, 50; 73, 74; 94, 95, ...) formed in the body is and communicates with the hole, the side dimensions of the cavity resonator and the given wavelength are related. 18. Sound generator, in particular according to one of claims 12 to 27, characterized by one provided with at least one hole (33, 34; ...) Plate (30, 30 ', 67, ...), as well as by a cavity resonator molded into the plate (49,50; 73, 74; ...), which is arranged on a longitudinal axis and with an open End communicates with the hole; and by an elongated one formed in the plate Conduit along a longitudinal axis, the outlet end of the conduit with the cavity resonator at such a point communicates that the cavity resonator axis and the conduit axis are perpendicular to each other and the linear dimensions of the cross-section of the line and the cavity resonator are related to each other. 19. Sound generator according to claim 18, characterized in that the plate has several auxiliary cavities distributed around the periphery of the hole and communicate with the space enclosed by the hole, with a linear expansion of the auxiliary cavities (auxiliary resonators) to the linear dimension of the main resonator cross-section is in proportion. 20. Sound generator according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that that the plate is provided with another hole and the cavity resonator one has another open end that communicates with the other hole. 21. Sound generator, in particular according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized by a cavity resonator of FIG uniform cross-sectional dimensions transverse to the longitudinal axis of the resonator and with an output for emitting sound energy; and by a coupling device for the coupling of periodic pressure ampules to the cavity resonator, where the pressure pulses have at least one component wavelength that is related to their dimension to a linear expansion of the resonator cross-section in relation stands so that the pressure pulses in the resonator are brought to resonance and sound energy is emitted from the resonator output. 22. Sound generator according to claim 21, characterized in that the cross section of the cavity resonator is rectangular, in particular square. 23. Sound generator according to one of claims 21 and 2 ?, characterized in that that the linear side dimension of the resonator cross-section and the component wavelength the pressure impulses are in a rational relationship to one another. 24. Sound generator according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that that the coupling is an elongated line connected to the cavity resonator comprises along a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the axis of the cavity resonator is arranged at the connection, and that the linear dimensions of the line and Resonator cross-sections are in relation to each other, and that a source of under Pressurized flow medium is connected to the line. 25. Sound generator according to claim 24, characterized by an on source of shock waves connected to the cavity resonator, one or more Have component wavelengths that correspond to the linear dimensions of the resonator cross-section are in proportion. 26. Sound generator according to one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that that the coupling device comprises a source of fluid; that a cylindrical Nozzle body communicates with its downstream end with the cavity resonator and communicates with its upstream end with the source; that a pressure drop between the source and cavity resonator output; that the nozzle body on his Downstream end is open, on its long side from a side wall and at its upstream end is limited by an end wall with a large central hole; that several smaller ones, the same distributed peripheral holes around the center hole in the end wall in opposite directions Are arranged in pairs; that several opposing pairs of the nozzle throat plane stabilizing holes in a common plane in the side wall nearby the downstream end of the nozzle body; and that a cylindrical cell cover encloses the nozzle body and one the cylindrical side wall the ring area surrounding the nozzle body, the cell cover forming the nozzle body completely closes with the exception of the open downstream end of the nozzle body and an opening on its upstream side communicating with the holes in the nozzle body, and wherein the holes of the nozzle body are relative in terms of their diameter to stand by each other. 27. Sound generator. in particular according to one of claims 12 to 26, characterized by a line with an inlet arranged along a longitudinal axis and outlet; by a cavity resonator arranged along a longitudinal axis a cross-section whose linear dimension corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the line is in proportion; through a junction at which the outlet of the conduit communicates with the cavity resonator and wherein the axes of the conduit and the Resonators are transverse to one another at the junction; and through the line in the cavity propagating pressure pulses with at least one Component wavelength that is related to the linear dimension of the line cross-section stands, whereby sound energy is generated in the cavity resonator. 28. Sound generator according to claim 2 ?, characterized in that the component wavelength of the pressure pulses and the linear dimension of the line cross-section are in a rational relationship to one another. 29. Sound generator according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that that the linear dimension of the line cross-section and the linear dimension of the cavity resonator cross-section are in a rational relationship to one another. 30. Sound generator according to claim 29, characterized in that the cavity resonator has a square cross-section. 31. Sound generator according to one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that that the ratio is one. 32. Sound generator, in particular according to one of claims 12 to 31, characterized by an elongated line with inlet and outlet and with a longitudinal axis; by an elongated one connected to the outlet of the line Cavity resonator, the longitudinal axis of which is approximately transverse to the line axis at the point at which the resonator is connected to the outlet end of the conduit, one Linear dimension of the line cross-section and a linear dimension of the cavity resonator cross-section are in relation to each other; through an exit from the resonator for delivery of sound energy; fluid applied to the inlet of the conduit by a source BuE; and by a pressure drop generation between the source and the resonator outlet, so that fluid from the source flows through the conduit and resonator and generated sound energy at the resonator output. 33. Sound generator according to claim 32, characterized in that the pressure drop creates a laminar flow of fluid from the source by conducting subsonic speeds. 34. Sound generator according to claim 33, characterized in that another source of fluid is provided which is supersonic flows and that the source for that at supersonic speeds flowing Fluid is connected to the line and shock waves hit the resonator couples, the wavelength of the shock waves and the dimension of the line cross-section are in relation to each other. 35. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that that the pressure generation causes a pressure drop, the ratio of which is greater than the critical pressure ratio of the fluid, so that the fluid current from the source through the conduit at the speed of sound. 36. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that that means for accelerating the fluid between the source and the conduit inlet which passes from the source through the conduit Introduced fluids accelerated to supersonic speeds and shock waves on the resonator. 37. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that that the acceleration device is a cylindrical through which the fluid flows Passage and means comprising a bi-conical fluid boundary layer form in the passage with the dimensions of the boundary layer fluctuating in pressure drop the pressure generation compensate such that the wavelength of the resonator given shock waves remains approximately constant. 38. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that that the cylindrical passage has a nozzle body at its downstream end is open along its length by a side wall and at its upstream end a front wall with a large Center hole is limited; that the device several smaller, uniformly distributed peripheral holes to form a boundary layer which are arranged in opposing pairs around the central hole in the end wall are that several opposing pairs of nozzle throat level stabilizing holes in a common plane in the side wall near the downstream end of the nozzle body are arranged, and that a cylindrical cell cover surrounds the nozzle body and forms an annular area which surrounds the side wall of the nozzle body, the cell cover completely encloses the nozzle body, with the exception of an opening at its opening Stromende, which with the holes of the Ixlsenkörpers and the open downstream end of the Communicates nozzle body. 39. Sound generator according to claim 38, characterized in that the dimensions of the holes and the cell cover are chosen so that the wavelengths all components of the pressure pulses generated in the nozzle body in a rational ratio to stand by each other. 40. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 39, characterized in that that the side dimensions of the cavity resonator cross-section and the linear dimension of the line cross-section with the wavelengths of the components in the nozzle body generated pressure pulses are in proportion. 41. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 40, characterized in that that the central hole has a diameter of 0.177fit (about 2.496 mm), the peripheral one Holes 0.031 "(about 0.787 mm) in diameter and stabilizing the nozzle throat plane Holes are 0.093 "(about 2.357 mm) in diameter and that the side dimensions of the resonator cross-section and the linear dimension of the line cross-section in Range from 0.170 to 0.195 "(about 4.318 to 4.953 mm). 42. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 41, characterized in that that the cavity resonator has a rectangular cross-section. 43. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 42, characterized in that that the cavity resonator has a square cross-section. 44. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 43, characterized in that that the linear dimension of the line cross-section and the resonator is a multiple of one common divisors are, preferably in a rational relationship to each other. 45. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 44, characterized in that that the line has a square cross-section and the side dimensions of the line and Resonator cross-section are the same. 46. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 45, characterized in that that the line has a circular cross-section and the cavity resonator has a square shape Has cross-section and that the circular diameter of the line cross-section is equal to one Lateral expansion of the cavity cross-section is. 47. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 46, characterized in that that the cavity resonator is a main resonator with a rectangular cross-section and is embedded in a body; that the body is at least partially enclosed, larger space that communicates with the main resonator exit and at least has a hexahedral auxiliary resonator whose hexahedral sides dimensions are in relation to the side dimensions of the resonator cross-section. 48. Sound generator according to one.der claims 32 to 47, characterized in that that the side dimensions of the main resonator cross-section and the auxiliary resonator are the same. 49. Sound generator according to claim 48, characterized in that the auxiliary hexahedral resonator communicates with the enclosed space; and that an auxiliary conduit is formed in the body, the inlet end of which is connected to the source of fluid and its outlet end is connected to the auxiliary resonator. 50. Sound generator according to claim 49, characterized in that the hexahedral side dimensions of the auxiliary resonator to the linear dimensions the cross-section of the auxiliary line are in proportion. 51. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 50, characterized in that that the auxiliary resonator has a right-angled cross-section and transverse to the main line is arranged, the main resonator between the main line and the auxiliary resonator lies, and that the auxiliary line between the main resonator and the auxiliary resonator lies. 52. Sound generator according to claim 51, characterized in that the linear dimensions of the cross-section of the auxiliary line and the distance from the interface between main resonator and auxiliary line to the interface between auxiliary line and Auxiliary resonator in relation to the side dimensions of the main resonator cross-section stand. 53. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 52, characterized in that that the main resonator has a transverse channel; that the main resonator output a first, a second and a third channel, which are transverse to the transverse channel in certain Extend distances; that the line has first and second sub-lines, which extends across the transverse channel between the first and second output channel and the second and third exit channels, the distances being along the Cross channel between the first exit channel and the first sub-line, the first Subline and the second output channel, the second output channel and the second Under line and between the second sub line and the third output channel to the cross-sectional dimensions of the transverse channel and the first, second and third Output channels are in proportion. 54. Sound generator according to claim 53, characterized in that the cavity resonator is arranged in a workpiece in which a first and a adjacent second hole is formed such that the first and second exit channels with the first hole and the second and third exit channels with the second hole communicate that the channels of the cavity resonator have a square cross-section and the side dimension of the resonator cross-section equal to the linear dimension of the Sub-line cross-sections, and that the distances along the transverse channel, respectively is a multiple of the side dimension of the resonator cross-section. 55. Sound generator according to claim 54, characterized in that first and second auxiliary resonators are shaped approximately hexahedral and with the first Hole communicate that the first and second auxiliary resonators and the first and second output channels around the first hole each offset by about 900 are; that third and fourth auxiliary resonators are hexahedral and with the second hole communicate and that the third and fourth auxiliary resonators and the second and third outlet channels around the second hole, each offset by about 900 are. 56. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 55, characterized in that that the cavity resonator forms a closed geometric channel network. 57. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 56, characterized in that that the cavity resonator consists of a network of closed, geometric channels, that are interconnected, is formed. 58. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 57, characterized in that that the closed geometric channels in different superimposed Layers are arranged. 59. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 5, characterized in that that one of the closed geometric channels is triangular and another of the closed geometric channels is circular, the circular channel being the triangular Circumscribes canal and is connected to it at the corners of the same; that the exit an exit passage within the triangular channel and first, second and third Includes output channels that extend from the triangular channel midway between the corresponding Extending corners to the exit passage. 60. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 59, characterized in that that all the channels forming the cavity resonator have a square cross-section and the distances of corresponding corners of the triangular channel to the output channels Multiples of the side dimensions of the cavity resonator cross-section are. 61. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 60, characterized in that that the cavity resonator has an annular channel, and that the supply line and the output are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the annular channel. 62. Sound generator according to one of claims 32 to 61, characterized in that that the annular channel and the supply line have a square cross-section that the The exit is a channel of square cross-section extending transversely from the ring channel has, and that the side dimensions of the feed line cross-section, the annular channel cross-section and the outlet channel cross-section are the same, and that the feed line length and the exit channel length is a multiple of the side dimension of the ring channel cross-section are.