DE20308966U1 - Electrohydraulic shaping device for metals and plastics e.g. for heating and sanitation engineering, has hydraulic circuit arranged parallel to hysteresis valve and provided with solenoid valve connected into power circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrohydraulic metal and plastics shaping device includes a tank (7) for hydraulic fluid and a motor driven pump (not shown here). In a hydraulic circuit parallel to the hysteresis valve (12), is provided a solenoid valve (13) which opens in the flow-less state and is arranged in a power circuit by which the solenoid valve (13), with switch-on of the motor current, is transferred to its closed state in which both the hysteresis valve (12) and the solenoid valve (13) each have at least a return-flow aperture (12b, 14a) which connects with the tank (7).

Description

The The invention relates to an electro-hydraulic deformation device for metals and plastics with a tank for a hydraulic fluid, a pump driven by a pump motor and a working cylinder with a piston acted on by the pump and a return spring for the Piston and with one between the tank and the working cylinder over the Pump guided Tube, further with at least one return flow channel from Working cylinder to the tank in which a hysteresis valve is arranged is that on a selectable Maximum pressure for the hydraulic fluid is adjustable in the working cylinder, and finally with an electric one Control with a current sensor for the motor current. Preferably it is a handheld device.

at numerous machining operations of workpieces, especially when connecting pipes in the heating and sanitary area Pressing and expanding, it is necessary to have one if possible exact course of time and forces observed. On the one hand, the Maximum force must be sufficiently high to ensure a safe work result, e.g. a permanently sealed pipe connection - when expanding through subsequent Soldering - to achieve on the other hand, the maximum force may neither the strength of the workpiece nor that of the tool. These requirements are difficult to meet together. moreover the requirements for control options of work processes and the function of the tools, possibly also in connection with maintenance, Inspection and guarantee regulations.

Through the DE 21 36 782 C2 a pneumatically or hydraulically driven deformation device with a working piston and a press head for producing pipe connections is known. After each pressing process, the working piston is returned to the starting position by a return spring. However, the generation and control of pressure medium is not part of the hand tool and is also not described.

By US-A-2 254 613 is a hydraulic press with a hand pump, known with a working piston and a press head, in which the Working piston also after each pressing process by its return spring back to the starting position guided becomes. The return movement takes place automatically to the end by means of a bypass and pilot operated pressure relief valve that a stepped piston with a cone tip and a downstream one larger valve disc owns after opening the cone tip takes effect. This gives the valve a hysteresis behavior, i.e. it becomes even with decreasing pressure from the hydraulic fluid kept open. The hand press also has an EMERGENCY release button. An electrical or electronic control of the hydraulic system is because of the hand pump neither intended nor possible.

Through the DE 195 35 691 C1 an electrohydraulic deformation device is known to the same applicant, which also has a working piston and is provided for attaching a press head. The working piston is also returned to the starting position by its return spring after each pressing process. The return movement takes place automatically until the end through a valve system arranged in a bypass. An electrical or electronic control of the hydraulic system is not provided. Rather, the operating switch is hydraulically and mechanically locked until the pressing process is completed. A press head for this is in the DE 44 46 504 C1 described.

Hydraulic presses with a hand pump drive, a backflow valve with step piston and hysteresis behavior as described in the above US 2,254,613 A are described in a similar form in the US 4,226,110 A. disclosed. In the absence of electrical drives, however, electrical, current-proportional monitoring and limitation of the hydraulic peak pressure is neither provided nor possible.

Through the EP 0 636 788 B1 and the corresponding German translation DE 694 01 864 T2 is it with electromotive tools such as crimping pliers, hole punches and the like. Like. Known to provide an outlet or backflow valve, which also has a stepped piston, and either automatically opens at excess pressure, ie by a balanced spring, or can be opened prematurely by a hand lever, the working cylinder being emptied into a reservoir. Similar to the press after the US 4,226,110 A. Here, too, the disk piston following the valve needle overrides a lateral emptying channel that leads to the reservoir. This valve also has hysteresis behavior due to its design.

Finally, through that DE 101 06 360 C1 and the one that corresponds to her EP 1 230 998 A2 an electrohydraulic deformation device of the type described at the outset with a hysteresis valve is known, in which the pressure peak or the approximately proportional maximum current when the hysteresis valve is opened is detected by a current sensor in the circuit of the drive motor and this pressure drop is electrical after falling below a predetermined, somewhat lower intermediate value detected and used to switch off the motor current.

Such However, hysteresis valves are - if they up to high pressures and sufficient working periods should be kept tight - due to their necessarily coaxial multiple fits (valve needle / needle seat Disc piston / piston bore) very complex to manufacture; she need also a large ratio of the to generate the required hysteresis Cross sections of the disk piston and needle seat.

The In contrast, invention lies the task is based on an electro-hydraulic deformation device Specify the type described, in which the design effort is reduced and with the fast responding valves with each a single tolerance pair of seats can be used, the opening address gradually and their switching characteristics at least in essentially controlled by the pressure curve in the working cylinder becomes.

The solution The task is performed according to the invention in the electrohydraulic deformation device specified at the outset in that that in hydraulic In parallel with the hysteresis valve there is a solenoid valve is opened in the de-energized state and in a circuit is arranged through which the solenoid valve when switching on Motor current in its closed position can be brought, both the hysteresis valve and the solenoid valve each have at least one return flow opening, connected to the tank.

By this solution the task is fully solved, in particular an electro-hydraulic deformation device of the type described above, in which the constructive Effort is reduced and the valves respond quickly used with a single tolerance pair of seats that when opening address gradually and their switching characteristics at least in is essentially controlled by the pressure curve in the working cylinder.

The Invention is based on the consideration that the motor current a sufficiently precise or proportional image of the pump motor the pressure curve in the hydraulic system and thus the force curve is in the working process, and that this Property after converting the motor current into electrical or electronic Signals to control and control the work process a microprocessor with data memories and storage spaces for predeterminable and changeable if necessary Setpoints and operating parameters can be used. The signal evaluation can in connection with stored time-dependent signals and process parameters be further developed. Further advantages are in the detailed description specified.

It is in the course of further refinements of the electro-hydraulic deformation device particularly beneficial if - either individually or in combination -:

• - the Solenoid valve and / or the hysteresis valve housed in the tank is / are
• - at least one of the valves is located in the tank parallel to the device axis is
• - the Device one Device body, screwed into the at least one of the valves with a screw nipple is
• - in the Circuit of the solenoid valve an opening switch arranged is
• - the deformation device as a pressing device is formed with a press head, the two pliers levers and has a pliers mouth, and / or if
• - the deformation device is designed as an expansion device with an expansion head, the several sector-shaped Has expanding jaws.

Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention and their modes of action are described below with reference to 1 to 5 explained in more detail.

It demonstrate:

1 a schematic diagram in the form of an axial section through a device body with working cylinder, piston, tank and valves,

2 a circuit diagram of the hydraulic and electrical elements with an electrical signal flow diagram,

3 a scale-free diagram with different courses of the motor current (ordinate) over time (abscissa),

4 a connection of the device body after 1 with a press head for making pipe connections and

5 a complete construction of an expansion or expansion device, including details of the 1 with one opposite 1 cutting plane rotated by 90 degrees.

In 1 is a device body 1 Shown with an axis A-A, which has a working cylinder at one end 2 with a piston 3 owns that with a piston rod 4 connected is. This is from a strong return spring 5 surrounded by it is possible in the cylinder room 2a hydraulic fluid - hereinafter referred to briefly as oil - practically completely displaced. At the end of the working cylinder 2 is a dashed hal tekörper 6 screwed, the other end of which is not visible here carries a deformation tool or a part thereof, which is shown by the 4 and 5 is explained in more detail. The piston rod 4 carries a driven part of the deformation tool at its other, not visible end.

At the other end, the device body carries 1 a flexible and refillable tank if necessary 7 , which is also only indicated by dashed lines here. tank 7 and working cylinder 2 are through a conveyor line 9 (shown in dashed lines), into which a pump housing 8th empties. Oil can be removed from the tank using the associated pump piston and two non-return valves 7 in the cylinder room 2a pump up to pressures of several hundred bar, which is related to 2 is explained in more detail.

In the device body 1 are also two parallel and axially parallel return flow channels 10 and 11 arranged. In the tank-side end of the return flow channel 10 is a spring-loaded pilot operated hysteresis valve 12 with a stepped piston 12a screwed in, which consists of a tapered valve needle and a much larger disc piston, which has a return flow opening 12b in the valve housing 12c overdriven. In addition to an oil drain, this also achieves a damping effect against valve vibrations. Oil can continue to flow away in the open position of this valve, not shown, through the play of the disk piston in its bore. The closing force of the valve needle is so high that the hysteresis valve 12 remains open for a short time only when a preset maximum pressure is exceeded - due to hysteresis.

In the tank-side end of the return flow channel 11 is a solenoid valve 13 with a tapered valve needle 13a , a solenoid 13b , an anchor 13c and a disk-shaped magnetic anchor plate 13d screwed. In this case, too, is the solenoid valve 13 shown closed; the solenoid 13 is under power. The connecting lines are not shown for the sake of simplicity. The valve needle closing forces 13a are so high that the solenoid valve 13 only opens when the power is switched off, but then remains open until the power is switched on again, so that all of the oil from the cylinder chamber 2a in the tank 7 can drain so that the piston 3 returns to its original position. The solenoid valve is by means of a screw nipple 14 in the device body 1 screwed. A backflow opening 14a to the tank 7 is in this screw nipple 14 ,

It can be seen that both the hysteresis valve 12 as well as the solenoid valve 13 each parallel to the device axis A – A in the tank 7 are accommodated. The placement of the solenoid valve 13 in the tank 7 has the significant advantage that the solenoid 13b is effectively cooled by the oil, taking the heat through conduction and flow to the device body 1 including the working cylinder 2 and the piston 3 is dissipated.

Using the previous reference numerals in 2 a working cylinder 2 with a single-acting piston 3 shown of a piston rod 4 having. The effect of the piston rod on various possible tools or working heads is illustrated in more detail with the aid of further figures.

The deformation device has a pump 15 operating in a conveyor line 16 (in 1 indicated at "9") between the tank 7 and the working cylinder 2 is arranged, and two return channels provided as bypasses 10 and 11 that the working cylinder 2 with the tank 7 connect, being in the return flow channel 10 the pilot operated pressure relief valve 12 is arranged with hysteresis effect (hereinafter referred to briefly as a hysteresis valve) and in the return flow channel 11 the solenoid valve 13 , The design and setting of the hysteresis valve 12 (Spring / valve cross-sectional areas) must always be such that the hysteresis valve 12 does not open before the specified maximum deformation force is reached (safety of the work result). The dependencies include the following: 1. The deformation resistance (depending on the materials and their dimensions, among other things) and 2. The hydraulic fluid in connection with flow cross-sections, viscosity and temperature.

In practically all cases, the pressure rises steeply at the end of a deformation process because the attached tools are either closed and / or the piston rod 4 hits stops at the end of the work process.

That parallel to the hysteresis valve 12 switched solenoid valve 13 receives its closing current via a line 17 , In this line there is a manually operated electrical opening switch 18 housed, which enables the solenoid valve to be opened prematurely in the event of an emergency due to a power cut. It is understood that the hysteresis valve 12 and the solenoid valve 13 even inside the tank 7 can be accommodated, as by means of 1 explained above.

On both sides of the pump 15 are check valves 19 and 20 intended. In the present case, the pump 15 by an electric pump motor 21 driven, in its supply line 22 a circuit breaker designed as a semiconductor switch (eg MOS) 23 is arranged through which the pump motor 21 and the solenoid valve 13 current and time dependent by a microprocessor 24 on to be controlled. In the supply line 22 is a current sensor 25 arranged whose output 25a the microprocessor 24 over a line 26 is switched on for the purpose of comparison with at least one stored setpoint for the current consumption. The associated output 24a of the microprocessor 24 is the circuit breaker 23 over a line 27 switched.

Electronic control is based on two principles, namely a) current-dependent and b) time-dependent. The current sensor 25 detects, among other things, the current consumption "i" of the pump motor 21 and thereby the pressing force "K". The pressing force is roughly proportional to the current consumption. The current consumption is also approximately proportional to the hydraulic pressure "P" (see also 3 ).

For this purpose, the microprocessor has a data memory designed as an EEPROM 28 with at least one memory location for a setpoint for the motor current and with at least two additional memory locations for a minimum and a maximum duty cycle of the pump motor 21 assigned. The operating programs and setpoints for currents and time values are also stored in this data memory 3 is explained in more detail.

The arrangement also has a power source 29 , which is designed as a power supply unit, mains connection, but preferably as an accumulator and via a supply line 22 supplies power to the system. Between this power source 29 for the motor current and the microprocessor 24 is a voltage sensor 30 for measuring the voltage of the power source 29 arranged, and the voltage sensor 30 is the microprocessor for control purposes 24 over a line 31 switched. The check serves, among other things, to determine the state of charge of the accumulator or the mains voltage so that malfunctions can be eliminated. For example, if one is in the data store 28 stored comparison value for voltage, then the pump motor 21 immediately switched off again and the solenoid valve 13 open because of the capacity of the power source 29 is no longer sufficient for a proper work process.

Furthermore, between the voltage sensor 30 and the microprocessor 24 a voltage regulator 32 for the operating voltage of the microprocessor 24 arranged. The microprocessor 24 is an analog-digital converter 33 assigned to which the outputs of the current sensor 25 and the voltage sensor 30 are activated.

Furthermore, the microprocessor 24 four switches in parallel 34 activated for position-independent operation of the deformation device, e.g. for operation with the right or left hand and / or for operation of the device in different spatial positions, which may be due to limited space when working.

To the microprocessor 24 is a signaling device 35 connected for the respective operating state of the deformation device, which is preferably designed as a multiple color display. The microprocessor 24 also has internal data storage for the operating history of the deformation device and an interface 36 for querying the saved operating history via an infrared transmitter 37 ,

Via the infrared transmitter 37 all values stored in the data memories can be read out and edited using a handheld terminal. This affects not only the meter readings, but also the saved parameters, which allow an adaptation of the entire device mechanics, including the pump motor 21 and the power storage 29 to the electronics. After charging the device, it works fully automatically.

The 3 now shows graphs of the current profiles "i" of different operating states over time "t". By pressing one of the switches 34 become the pump motor 21 and the solenoid valve 13 via the circuit breaker 23 switched on or closed at time t1. This arises at the pump mortar 21 an appropriate starting _current i _anl immediately, which drops rapidly to an idling _current i _empty , which is represented by the curve section K1. The time period Δt between t1 and t2 is stored as a blocking time and is, for example, 400 ms. Become one of the switches 34 operated shorter than Δt, the pump motor 21 immediately switched off and the solenoid valve 13 opened to prevent accidental operations from initiating an operation.

Furthermore, it is by briefly pressing one of the switches 34 possible to initiate the infrared query without having to carry out an operation. Beyond t2 are the switches 34 blocked; so they can be released.

Then again the measurement of the motor current is continued. Should be in the data store during one 28 stored idle time, the motor current does not increase by an also stored difference, so the pump motor 21 and the solenoid 13 turned off again, and the signaling device 35 indicates a faulty operation by flashing, for example that a machine defect is present or that no implement, for example a press head, has been inserted, or that the opening switch 18 immediately after Start was pressed.

If the motor current continues to rise, the work process is continued, that is to say in the case of a pressing process the press jaws close as the motor current increases further. After the press jaws rest on the workpiece, a metal pipe or a pipe coupling, the actual pressing process begins, with the current strength increasing significantly more steeply. This is in 3 represented by the curve section K2. The current consumption i max at time t4 is caused by the previously described force-dependent opening of the hysteresis valve 12 specified.

From one in the data store 19 stored limit current becomes the response of the hysteresis valve at time t4 12 and thus the decrease in the current in the curve section K3 no longer as actuation of the opening switch 18 interpreted, but as a proper opening of the hysteresis valve 12 after a successfully completed work process.

If the motor current falls below a value in the data memory at the time t5 28 stored limit current i _stop , so the pump motor 21 and the solenoid valve 13 switched off by the electronics and thus the power consumption reduced to a quiescent current consumption of a few microamps, at which no work process is triggered.

If the EMERGENCY triggering occurs by switching off the solenoid valve during a work process at time t3 below the above limit current 13 initiated, the pressure and the current decrease in accordance with the curve section K6, and the pump motor 21 is switched off when the stored idle current plus a safety surcharge is undershot. In this case too, the signaling device flashes 35 to display this process.

3 shows the following: Would the pump motor 21 after opening the hysteresis valve 12 continue to run beyond t5, the motor current decreases further in accordance with the dashed curve section K4, but only relatively slowly, which depends on the degree of delivery of the pump 5 and is dependent on the flow resistance. By switching off the pump motor 21 and opening the solenoid valve 13 at time t5, however, the motor current drops steeply in accordance with the curve section K5, and the working piston 3 is now automatically pushed back much faster into its starting position under the action of its return spring, whereby the displaced oil quantity is now completely via the solenoid valve 13 in the tank 7 is promoted back. The hysteresis valve 12 is closed by then - from time t5.

But around the pump motor 21 In the event of malfunctions, it cannot be continued indefinitely in the data memory 28 stored a time t _max at which the device switches off completely, for example after 10 to 15 seconds.

The points in time or time segments Δt (limited by t1 and t2) and t _max are predominantly to be stored in memory locations. The times t3, t4 and t5 result from the course of the pressure curve in 2 , and this curve can be longer or shorter in the direction of the abscissa, depending on the power of the pump motor 21 and the degree of delivery of the pump 15 , the deformation properties of the workpiece, e.g. a pipe connection, the flow resistance in the hydraulic system, due to the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid, which in turn depends on the temperature, etc. The time t3 is variable, since it is the time for an unforeseeable emergency release is. Time t4 arises from the response of the (adjustable) hysteresis valve 12 at maximum pressure, represented by the upper limit current value i _max , and the time t5 arises when the value falls below a predetermined, stored limit current value i _stop , which is necessarily less than the upper limit current value i _max when the hysteresis valve responds 12 , At the latest at time T5, the entire power section of the deforming device, including the solenoid valve 13 de-energized. The slope of the curve section K5 after the pump motor has been switched off 21 is very much dependent on the passage of the solenoid valve 13 per unit of time. The presentation does not follow a time scale, it is only illustrative and exemplary. For example, the influence of the holding current of the solenoid valve 13 of minor importance in the graphic.

4 shows one of the design options of the item 1 to a pressing device on a smaller scale. It is an exchangeable press head 38 , In the left part, reference numerals from the right part of 1 used. The end of the working cylinder is shown 2 with the piston rod 4 that have two spreading rollers at their end 39 and 40 wearing. These are partly from the holding body 6 surrounded by two holes at its free fork-shaped end 41 (only one of them is visible) for inserting a retaining bolt 42 having.

The press head 38 , which can be rotated around the axis A – A depending on the working position, has two double-armed pliers levers 43 and 44 who have a pliers mouth 45 enclose. On the other side of two storage locations 46 and 47 have the pliers levers 43 and 44 control surfaces 48 and 49 against which the spreading rollers 39 and 40 when extending the piston rod 4 start. By manually compressing the associated ends of the pliers levers 43 and 44 the pliers mouth 45 open and place on a radially pressed pipe connection. Through the spreading rollers 39 and 40 the pliers mouth is closed again and the press head 38 brought into the closed position shown. Then the spitting rolls 39 and 40 withdrawn again, and the expansion head can be removed from the finished pressed pipe connection. No further explanations are necessary, because such a press head and its mode of operation are in the DE 101 32 985 A1 described.

5 shows in the form of a partial section using partially the same reference numerals another one of the design options of the subject 1 to an expansion device, a so-called "expander", on a smaller scale. The overall housing consists of a double hull arrangement with a lower part of the fuselage 50 and an upper part of the fuselage 51 by two web parts 52 and 53 are interconnected. The entire housing consists of two essentially mirror-symmetrical half-shells, the parting line of which is in the plane of the drawing 5 lies.

The pump 15 , a piston pump, is located in the web part 52 , In the lower part of the fuselage 50 is the pump motor 21 with a reduction gear 54 and an eccentric drive 55 for the pump piston 56 , At the left end is as a power source 29 a battery is plugged in, and at the right end is one of the switches 34 shown. The electronics according to 2 is in a board 57 contain.

In the upper part of the fuselage 51 is the device body 1 included after figure. The cutting plane of the 5 is at right angles to that 1 , which already results from the confluence of the pump housing 8th in the device body 1 results. The Tank 7 in which the hysteresis valve 12 and the solenoid valve 13 and with a refill 58 is only shown in its exterior view.

The piston rod 4 is at its right, free end via a threaded connection 59 with an interchangeable expanding mandrel 60 Mistake. The detachably attached holding body 6 has an external thread at its right end 61 on which an expanding head 62 can be screwed on. Such spreading heads 62 consist of an annular arrangement of six or eight sector-shaped expanding jaws 63 by a cap nut 64 held together and led. Inner surfaces of the expanding jaws, not specified 63 correspond to the opening angle of the expanding mandrel 60 , There is no need for further explanations as these are commercially available expansion heads that can also be used for manual expander pliers.

1

device body

2

working cylinder

2a

cylinder space

3

piston

4

piston rod

5

Return spring

6

holding body

7

tank

8th

pump housing

9

delivery line

10

backflow

11

backflow

12

Hystereseventil

12a

stepped piston

12b

return flow

12c

valve housing

13

magnetic valve

13a

valve needle

13b

solenoid

13c

anchor

13d

anchor plate

14

Screw nipple

14a

return flow

15

pump

16

delivery line

17

management

18

opening switch

19

check valve

20

check valve

21

pump motor

22

supply line

23

breakers

24

microprocessor

25

current sensor

26

management

27

management

28

data storage

29

power source

30

voltage sensor

31

management

32

voltage regulators

33

Analog to digital converter

34

switch

35

signaling device

36

interface

37

Infrared exchangers

38

press head

39

spreader

40

spreader

41

drilling

42

retaining bolt

43

caliper lever

44

caliper lever

45

beaks

46

depository

47

depository

48

control surface

49

control surface

50

lower body part

51

upper body part

52

web member

53

web member

54

Reduction gear

55

eccentric

56

pump pistons

57

circuit board

58

Nachfüllverschluß

59

threaded connection

60

expanding mandrel

61

external thread

62

expanding head

63

Moveable

64

Nut

A-A

feedback shaft

i _max , i _stop

Limiting current values

i _anl

starting current

i _empty

No-load current

t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t _max

timings

.delta.t

Period, blocking time

 K

pressing force

 K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6

curve sections

P

hydraulic print

Claims (9)

Electro-hydraulic forming device for metals and plastics with a tank ( 7 ) for a hydraulic fluid, one through a pump motor ( 21 ) driven pump ( 15 ) and a working cylinder ( 2 ) with one from the pump ( 15 ) acted upon piston ( 3 ) and a return spring ( 5 ) for the piston ( 3 ) and with one between the tank ( 7 ) and the working cylinder ( 2 } about the pump ( 15 ) guided delivery line ( 9 . 16 ), also with at least one return flow channel ( 10 . 11 ) from the working cylinder ( 2 ) to the tank ( 7 ) in which a hysteresis valve ( 12 ) is arranged, which has a preselectable maximum pressure for the hydraulic fluid in the working cylinder ( 2 ) is adjustable, and finally with an electrical control with a current sensor ( 25 ) for the motor current, characterized in that in hydraulic parallel connection to the hysteresis valve ( 12 ) a solenoid valve ( 13 ) is present, which is opened when de-energized and arranged in a circuit through which the solenoid valve ( 13 } can be brought into its closed position when the motor current is switched on, with both the hysteresis valve ( 12 ) as well as the solenoid valve ( 13 ) at least one return flow opening ( 12b . 14a ) with the tank ( 7 ) is connected. Deformation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the solenoid valve ( 13 ) in the tank ( 7 ) is housed. Deformation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hysteresis valve ( 12 ) in the tank ( 7 ) is housed. Deformation device according to claim 1, characterized in that both the solenoid valve ( 13 ) as well as the hysteresis valve ( 12 ) in the tank ( 7 ) are accommodated. Deformation device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the valves ( 12 . 13 ) parallel to the device axis (A – A) in the tank ( 7 ) is housed. Deformation device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device has a device body ( 1 ) in which at least one of the valves ( 12 . 13 ) with a screw nipple ( 14 ) is screwed in. Deformation device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the circuit of the solenoid valve ( 13 ) an opening switch ( 18 ) is arranged. Deformation device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by its design as a pressing device with a press head ( 38 ), the two pliers levers ( 43 . 44 ) and a pliers mouth ( 45 ) has. Deformation device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by its design as an expansion device with an expansion head ( 62 ), which has several sector-shaped expanding jaws ( 63 ) has.