DE20306251U1 - Adsorption filter material, e.g. used in air filters, comprises adsorption layer made from first activated charcoal layer with granular and/or spherical activated charcoal between first and second layers - Google Patents

Abstract

Adsorption filter material comprises an adsorption layer (4) made from a first activated charcoal layer (5) with granular and/or spherical activated charcoal between a first layer (2) and a second layer (3). The first activated charcoal layer has additional activated charcoal fibers. The first adsorption layer also has a second activated charcoal layer (6) with activated charcoal fibers.

Description

The present invention relates to an adsorption filter material or surface filter material after Preamble of claim 1, which is particularly for the production of protective materials such. B. protective suits, in particular ABC protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers and the like, but also for other applications (e.g. B. for Air filter or for the medical field). Another subject of the present The invention is the use of the adsorption filter material according to the invention or Surface filter material for the aforementioned purposes.

There are a number of substances that absorbed by the skin and become severe physical damage to lead. Examples are chemical warfare agents, such as. B. the blistering Lost (yellow cross) and the nerve poison Sarin mentioned. People with such Poisons can come into contact have to wear a suitable protective suit or suitable protective materials protected against these poisons become.

There are basically three types of Protective suits: Air and water vapor impermeable protective suits that with one for impervious to chemical poisons Rubber layer are equipped and heat accumulates very quickly at the carrier lead the other protective suits, which are equipped with a membrane, which is water vapor, but not the ones mentioned Lets poisons through, and finally the permeable, air and water vapor permeable protective suits, which the highest Offer comfort.

Mainly air-permeable materials are used. Because protective suits against chemical warfare agents that are suitable for prolonged use among various Conditions are allowed at the carrier do not lead to heat build-up.

The air permeable, permeable protective suits generally an adsorption layer based on activated carbon, which chemical poisons and pollutants (e.g. chemical warfare agents) very much can permanently bind or adsorb, so that even highly contaminated suits for the carrier no danger poses. The adsorption layer is generally fixed or applied on a textile, in particular air-permeable carrier material.

Here are from the prior art different configurations for the activated carbon-containing adsorption layer of such protective suits is known, generally a sandwich-like or composite structure from a textile carrier layer, an associated adsorption layer and an attached thereto Outside- or cover layer is present.

On the one hand, it is possible to use powdered activated carbon as an adsorbent, which can be printed on the textile carrier material together with a polymeric binder as a dispersion (see e.g. EP 0 090 072 A2 ). Here, however, the powdered activated carbon is completely embedded in the binder and consequently completely surrounded by it, so that its surface is not freely accessible in relation to the toxins to be adsorbed, but the toxins first have to migrate or diffuse through the binder to the activated carbon, where they are eventually adsorbed; this is not very efficient. Powdered activated carbon also has only a relatively low adsorption or loading capacity with regard to harmful substances and toxins to be adsorbed.

It is also known to use granular or spherical activated carbon particles with average diameters of up to approximately 1 mm in such protective suits as adsorbents instead of powdered activated carbon (see, for example, EP 0 118 618 A1 ). The adsorption layer consisting of the activated carbon granules or spheres is in most cases designed in such a way that the activated carbon granules or spheres are bound to piles of adhesive printed on a textile carrier, the adsorption layer generally being covered by an "outer material" (ie a covering material ) can be supplemented and on the inside facing the textile backing can be covered by a light, also textile material. Granular or spherical activated carbon does have a relatively high total adsorption or loading capacity, but not always a sufficient adsorption rate or adsorption kinetics, so that breakthroughs occur; the latter is attempted to be countered by a larger loading amount of activated carbon, but this leads to the total adsorption or loading capacity provided being oversized with respect to the filter material or the protective suit. Furthermore, under extreme conditions, for example when a drop of a thickened poison strikes an open area of the outer material from a greater height and penetrates as far as the activated carbon, the activated carbon layer can be temporarily overwhelmed locally, which then also leads to breakthroughs.

Finally, it is known to use in the permeable, air-permeable protective suits of the type described above as an adsorbent activated carbon fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens, which are connected on one side by means of a hot melt adhesive to a textile carrier layer and on the side facing away from the carrier layer with one textile covering material or "outer material" are provided (see e.g. DE 195 19 869 C2 ). Activated carbon fibers have a relatively high initial adsorption rate or adsorption kinetics, but their total adsorption or loading capacity is often inadequate, in particular in comparison to activated carbon in the form of grains or spheres, so that in the worst case (i.e. when large quantities are involved) of harmful substances / toxins) the adsorption or loading capacity of the entire protective suit can be exhausted. Furthermore, under extreme conditions (e.g. when a drop of a thickened poison strikes an open area of the outer material from a greater height), the activated carbon fiber fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric can be temporarily overwhelmed, so that breakthroughs can occur. Finally, activated carbon fiber fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens are not always sufficiently abrasion-resistant under load (for example when wearing the protective suit), so that the fibers e.g. B. break and channels can arise in the adsorption layer, through which the toxins to be adsorbed can then pass through unhindered.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an adsorption filter material or surface filter material, which avoids - at least partially - the disadvantages described above.

Another task of the present The invention is to provide an adsorption filter material or surface filter material, which is especially for the production of protective materials, in particular ABC protective materials, such as B. protective suits, Protective gloves, protective covers and the like, but also for others Suitable applications.

Another task of the The present invention is to provide an adsorption filter material or surface filter material, especially for use in protective materials, such as. B. ABC protective materials (e.g. protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers and the like), but also for other purposes (e.g. in the field the air filter or for the medical field), which has a large adsorption or loading capacity and at the same time good breakthrough behavior, especially initial breakthrough behavior, having.

Another task of the present The invention is to provide an adsorption filter material or surface filter material, especially for use in protective materials, such as. B. ABC protective materials (e.g. protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers and the like), which equally one high wearing comfort guaranteed.

The basis of the present invention Problem is caused by an adsorption filter material according to claim 1 solved. Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

It has now surprisingly been found that an adsorption filter material (Surface filter material), which the respective advantageous properties of granular or spherical activated carbon on the one hand and activated carbon fibers on the other hand in a single material united, leads to that this Breakthrough behavior of the filter material, especially at the beginning of the adsorption process, with a good overall adsorption capacity or can be optimized. Likewise, the weight-based total load of activated carbon in the filter material across from usual Filter materials with activated carbon alone can be significantly reduced, because the required initial "adsorption spontaneity" and thus the good Initial breakthrough behavior of the filter material through the fibrous activated carbon is ensured.

• – eine erste Schicht bzw. Lage,
• – eine zweite Schicht bzw. Lage und
• – eine zwischen der ersten Schicht bzw. Lage und der zweiten Schicht bzw. Lage angeordnete Adsorptionsschicht bzw. -lage, die eine erste Aktivkohleschicht/-lage mit korn- und/oder kugelförmiger Aktivkohle aufweist,

umfaßt, wobei die erste Aktivkohleschicht/-lage zusätzlich Aktivkohlefasern aufweist und/oder wobei die Adsorptionsschicht/-lage zusätzlich eine zweite Aktivkohleschicht/-lage mit Aktivkohlefasern aufweist.The present invention thus relates to an adsorption filter material or surface filter material, in particular for the production of protective materials such as ABC protective suits

• A first layer or layer,
• - a second layer or layer and
• An adsorption layer or layer arranged between the first layer or layer and the second layer or layer and having a first activated carbon layer / layer with granular and / or spherical activated carbon,

comprises, wherein the first activated carbon layer / layer additionally has activated carbon fibers and / or wherein the adsorption layer / layer additionally has a second activated carbon layer / layer with activated carbon fibers.

Although according to one embodiment the present invention, the activated carbon fibers also together with the activated carbon grains or globules can be present within a single activated carbon layer the embodiment according to the invention preferred, in which the adsorption layer / layer additionally an second activated carbon layer / layer with activated carbon fibers, d. H. the activated carbon grains or globules on the one hand and the activated carbon fibers on the other hand in separate, but to each other adjacent or interconnected adsorption layers / layers available.

In the following as well as above the terms "location" and "layer" are used synonymously and do not designate according to the invention only continuous, continuous, but also interrupted, discontinuous Layers or layers.

The granular or spherical activated carbon used in the adsorption filter material according to the invention can be produced in the form of granules or spheres by carbonization with subsequent activation of suitable organic starting materials. Examples of suitable polymers are, for example, divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene. This can be in the form of ion exchangers (e.g. cation exchangers) or precursors of such ion exchangers, for example. The starting materials can also be, for example, porous, in particular macroporous, or else gel-shaped polymer beads or granules, or else pitch beads or granules. The production of granular or spherical activated carbon is known to the person skilled in the art. For example, referenced are on the EP 0 118 618 A1 and WO 01/83368 A1 and on H. v. Kienle, E. Bader, "Activated carbon and its industrial application", Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1980, the respective disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Instead of the aforementioned activated carbons, a so-called chip coal can also be used in the adsorption filter material according to the invention, as can be obtained, for example, by carbonization and subsequent activation of coconut shells; the term granular activated carbon, as used according to the invention, also includes such forms of activated carbon.

Granular or spherical activated carbon particles suitable according to the invention have average particle diameters of 0.05 to 1 mm, in particular 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm. Granular or spherical activated carbon particles suitable according to the invention generally have a specific internal surface area (BET) of at least 800 m ² / g, in particular at least 900 m ² / g, preferably in the range from 800 to 1,500 m ² / g.

What the used according to the invention As far as activated carbon fibers are concerned, they are carbonized and subsequent activation of suitable organic starting fibers manufactured, in particular of cellulose fibers, fibers based of cellulose derivatives, phenolic resin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, Pitch fibers, acrylic resin fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, aromatic Polyamide fibers, formaldehyde resin fibers, divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene fibers, Lignin fibers, cotton fibers and hemp fibers. Preferably be carbonized according to the invention and activated fibers based on cellulose and cellulose derivatives used.

The production of such activated carbon fibers is known to the person skilled in the art. In this context, reference can be made, for example, to the DE 195 19 869 A1 who have favourited GB-PS 1 310 011 DE 33 39 756 C2 , WO 01/70372 A1 and the EP 0 966 558 A2 or their equivalent DE 698 09 718 T2 , the entire disclosure content of the aforementioned documents being hereby incorporated by reference.

Fibers which are particularly preferred according to the invention are obtained by the process according to EP 0 966 558 A2 or the DE 698 09 718 T2 , According to this process, a fiber structure made of a carbon precursor material based on cellulose (e.g. synthetic silk, floret silk, solvate cellulose, cotton, stem fibers) is impregnated with a composition that contains at least one mineral component (e.g. phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid etc. ), which has a promoter effect for the dehydration of the cellulose, and subsequently the fiber structure thus impregnated is subjected to a thermal treatment at a temperature which is sufficient to bring about the conversion of the precursor from cellulose essentially to carbon, the thermal treatment being inert or partial oxidizing atmosphere and consists of a temperature rise at an average rate between 1 and 15 ° C / min, followed by a step at a temperature between 350 ° C and 500 ° C, followed by a step of removing residual phases of the impregnation together composition and degradation products of the cellulose material by washing.

The activated carbon fiber material used according to the invention, in particular the second activated carbon layer, is preferably as textile activated carbon fiber structure. Examples include tissues, Knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics, fleeces, felts or other Textile composites. Nonwoven materials are preferred here to be named, such as fleeces, felts, scrims (e.g. multi-directional scrims) but also tissue. A preferred nonwoven material according to the invention is, for example, designed such that the activated carbon fibers (carbon fibers) with thermoplastic, sticky bicomponent fibers together form an activated carbon fiber structure, the content of thermoplastic bicomponent fibers being 50% by weight, based on the structure, do not exceed should.

Textile activated carbon fiber structures which can be used according to the invention generally have a basis weight of 10 to 200 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 150 g / m ² , preferably 10 to 120 g / m ² , particularly preferably 20 to 100 g / m ² , very particularly preferably 25 to 80 g / m ² .

The activated carbon fibers used according to the invention in particular have average fiber diameters in the range from 1 to 25 μm, in particular 2.5 to 20 μm, preferably 5 to 15 μm. Your length-related Mass (titer) is generally in the range from 1 to 10 dtex, especially 1 to 5 dtex.

mindestens um das Dreifache, insbesondere mindestens um das Vierfache, vorzugsweise mindestens um das Fünffache, be sonders bevorzugt mindestens um das Sechsfache, größer ist als der mittlere Faserdurchmesser der Aktivkohlefasern

. Somit gilt gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform:

insbesondere > 4, vorzugsweise > 5, besonders bevorzugt > 6 oder mehr.In order to obtain an optimal ratio of adsorption capacity on the one hand and breakthrough behavior on the other hand of the adsorption material according to the invention, the ratio of the average particle diameter of the granular or spherical activated carbon particles to the average fiber diameter of the activated carbon fibers should be selected in a certain range. Particularly good results are obtained if the average particle diameter of the granular or spherical activated carbon particles

is at least three times, in particular at least four times, preferably at least five times, particularly preferably at least six times, larger than the average fiber diameter of the activated carbon fibers

, According to a preferred embodiment, the following therefore applies:

in particular> 4, preferably> 5, particularly preferably> 6 or more.

The total amount of activated carbon (ie activated carbon grains / balls plus activated carbon fibers), based on the adsorption filter material according to the invention, can vary within wide limits. Generally be it wears 25 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 50 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 60 to 220 g / m ² .

Generally the first layer is activated carbon with the granular or spherical Activated carbon and the second activated carbon layer with the activated carbon fibers directly adjacent to one another or directly one above the other arranged. Preferred according to the invention it is when the first activated carbon layer and the second activated carbon layer permanently connected, in particular seamlessly connected, are preferably glued, and form a composite.

Depending on the application, it is possible to impregnate the granular or spherical activated carbon and / or the activated carbon fibers with at least one catalyst. The catalyst can be selected, for example, from metals and metal compounds (e.g. from transition metals, in particular noble metals). The catalyst is preferably selected from the group of copper, cadmium, silver, platinum, palladium, zinc and mercury and their compounds. The amount of catalyst, based on the impregnated activated carbon material, can vary within wide limits; generally it is in the range from 0.01 to 15% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 12% by weight, preferably 5 to 12% by weight. The impregnation of the activated carbon with catalysts is known from the prior art. For further details, reference can be made, for example, to the previously cited reference by H. v. Kienle, E. Bäder, "Activated carbon and its industrial application", Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1980, and the DE 195 19 869 A1 ,

The two outer layers of the adsorption material according to the invention are in particular preferably air-permeable textile materials, in particular textile fabrics, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, felts or other textile composite materials. The textile material generally has a basis weight of 50 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 75 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² . According to a special embodiment, it can be provided that one of the two outer layers or else both outer layers is provided with an oleophobic finish. This has the advantage that the mostly organic toxins are rejected by the surface of the outer layers and cannot penetrate into the tissue.

The two outer layers generally serve as a carrier layer for the Adsorption. There is thus a sandwich-like structure of the Adsorption filter material according to the invention in front.

In particular, it can be provided that the first layer and the second activated carbon layer as a carrier layer for the serve first activated carbon layer or that the second layer and first activated carbon layer as carrier layer for the serve second layer of activated carbon.

In this way, an adsorption filter material is provided which is formed as a multilayer, in particular air-permeable composite material from a plurality of layers which are each connected to one another, the individual layers of the adsorption filter material according to the invention being connected to one another, in particular seamlessly, preferably by gluing; the adhesive application for the permanent and seamless connection of two layers is generally carried out in an amount of 5 to 100 g / m ² , in particular 5 to 75 g / m ² , preferably 10 to 50 g / m ² . The types of application and adhesives known from the prior art for this purpose can be used. For example, the adhesive can be applied by applying the adhesive over the entire surface or in the form of a dot (for example a dot pattern). Hot-melt adhesive fleeces are also suitable. Reactive hotmelt adhesives (e.g. based on polyurethane) can also serve as adhesives. The attachment of the granular or spherical activated carbon can follow, for example, that on the respective carrier layer, ie the first outer layer or the second activated carbon layer, adhesive piles are applied as a dot-shaped grid, to which the activated carbon balls or granules are then attached. Adhesive bonding as such is familiar to the person skilled in the art.

As for the adsorption filter material according to the invention as such, it has a resulting total basis weight, based on the adsorption filter material, of 75 to 1,000 g / m ² , in particular 100 to 800 g / m ² , preferably 125 to 500 g / m ² . The adsorption filter material according to the invention is preferably designed to be gas or air permeable; the gas or air permeability of the adsorption filter material according to the invention is preferably more than 50 1 · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , in particular more than 100 1 · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , preferably more than 200 1 · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , and can be up to 10,000 1 · m ^-2 · s ^-1 . The adsorption filter material according to the invention preferably has a water vapor transmission rate of at least 5 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 12 l / m ² per 24 h.

In general, the adsorption filter material according to the invention washable and consequently decontaminable or regenerable. For this Purpose is the adsorption filter material according to the invention generally thermally stable, especially up to temperatures from 100 ° C or more, preferably up to temperatures of 150 ° C or more.

According to a particular embodiment, it can be provided that between the first layer and the adsorption layer and / or between the second layer and the adsorption layer a generally water vapor permeable, at least substantially gas or air impermeable barrier view is additionally provided. The result is a gas or air impermeable, however Water vapor permeable adsorption filter material according to the present invention. This embodiment is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

The invention is explained below one is just an embodiment illustrative drawing closer explained. In the drawing shows

1 a sectional view of the adsorption filter material according to the invention.

The only figure 1 shows an adsorption filter material according to the invention 1 with a first, textile and preferably air-permeable layer 2 , a second, textile and preferably air-permeable layer 3 and one between the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 arranged adsorption layer 4 , The adsorption layer comprises a first activated carbon layer 5 with a granular or spherical activated carbon and immediately adjacent to or attached to it, a second activated carbon layer 6 with activated carbon fibers, which are preferably in the form of an activated carbon fiber sheet, preferably in the form of a nonwoven material.

Between the adsorption layer 4 or the first activated carbon layer 5 and the first layer 2 can also have a barrier layer 7 be provided, which is generally water vapor permeable and at least substantially gas or air impermeable. This barrier layer 7 is at least essentially impermeable with respect to chemical poisons to be adsorbed, in particular warfare agents, such as skin poisons, or can at least delay their passage. Furthermore, the barrier layer 7 also be at least substantially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, or aerosols (e.g. chemical and / or biological warfare agents) or at least delay their passage. The barrier layer 7 can be used as a continuous, closed layer on top of the first layer 2 be applied and at the same time as an adhesive for the adsorption layer 4 or the first activated carbon layer 5 serve. Examples of suitable barrier material are suitable polymers or plastics, such as. B. polyurethane or polyurethane derivatives or cellulose or cellulose derivatives or optionally modified polyesters or polyamides. Generally the barrier layer 7 , if present, applied in a thickness of 1 to 1,000 μm, in particular 1 to 500 μm, preferably 5 to 250 μm, preferably 5 to 150 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 100 μm, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 μm. In general, the barrier layer 7 , if present, have a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm at 25 ° C.

This in 1 shown adsorption filter material according to the invention 1 is a composite material made up of several immediately successive, interconnected layers ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 ) formed, these layers being permanently connected to one another by seamless connection, preferably gluing. The individual layers can be bonded using a suitable adhesive, preferably a hot-melt adhesive, in particular a reactive hot-melt adhesive (e.g. based on polyurethane), with hot-melt adhesive fleeces, with foam lines made of polyurethane foam or in any other known manner. The production of filter composite materials is known per se to the person skilled in the art. Here he will draw on his general specialist knowledge.

The adsorption filter material according to the invention is suitable for the production of protective materials of all kinds, in particular of protective suits (as well as the civil as well for the military Area), protective gloves and protective covers, preferably all the aforementioned protective materials for ABC use. Farther The adsorption filter material according to the invention is also suitable for the Manufacture of filters and filter mats of all kinds, in particular to remove harmful substances, odors and toxins from air and / or Gas streams, such as gas mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular Filter for room air cleaning, adsorbable support structures and filters or Filter materials for the medical field.

According to the adsorption filter material according to the present invention preferably used such that, of the flow direction considered here, the airflow - after Passing the first layer ("outer layer") - first on the Adsorption layer with granular or spherical activated carbon, then on hits the activated carbon layer with activated carbon fibers.

Another subject of the present Invention are also those with the adsorption filter material according to the invention manufactured protective materials themselves.

Finally, there is another subject the present invention a method for improving breakthrough behavior an adsorption filter material as described above by use of activated carbon both in the form of grains or balls on the one hand and fibers on the other.

With the adsorption filter material according to the invention will be a powerful Material provided which has the properties of a high adsorption capacity on the one hand and good breakthrough behavior on the other hand in one Material united together. At the same time, the adsorption filter material according to the invention enables a significant reduction in the total load of activated carbon, because the breakthrough behavior or the initial spontaneity the activated carbon fibers guaranteed becomes. This allows the basis weight of the Adsorption filter material according to the invention the materials known in the prior art are not insignificantly reduced become.

By improving spontaneity behavior is in the adsorption filter material according to the invention the particularly important breakthrough of pollutants and toxins significantly reduced.

Depending on the application requirement an adsorption filter material is provided, which in addition to a high water vapor permeability either breathable (if there is no barrier layer) or airtight (if Presence of a barrier layer) can be formed. The washability of the adsorption filter material according to the invention allows about that good decontamination and regenerability.

Further refinements, modifications and Variations as well as advantages of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art when reading the description easily recognizable and realizable without that he thereby leaving the scope of the present invention.

Claims (26)

Adsorption filter material ( 1 ), especially for the production of protective materials such as ABC protective suits, with a first layer ( 2 ), a second layer ( 3 ) and one between the first layer ( 2 ) and the second layer ( 3 ) arranged adsorption layer ( 4 ), the adsorption layer ( 4 ) a first layer of activated carbon ( 5 ) with granular and / or spherical activated carbon, characterized in that the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) additionally has activated carbon fibers and / or that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) a second layer of activated carbon ( 6 ) with activated carbon fibers. Adsorption filter material according to claim 1, characterized characterized that the granular or spherical Activated carbon is made by carbonizing and subsequent Activation of suitable organic starting materials in grain or in spherical form, in particular of suitable polymers, such as divinylbenzene crosslinked Polystyrene, in particular in the form of ion exchangers or their Preliminary stages, or from Pechen. Adsorption filter material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the granular and / or spherical activated carbon particles have average particle diameters of 0.05 to 1 mm, in particular 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm and / or that the granular and / or spherical activated carbon particles have a specific internal surface area (BET) of at least 800 m ² / g, in particular at least 900 m ² / g, preferably in the range from 800 to 1,500 m ² / g. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding Expectations, characterized in that the Activated carbon fibers are made by carbonization and subsequent Activation of suitable organic starting fibers, in particular of cellulose fibers, fibers based on cellulose derivatives, phenolic resin fibers, Polyvinyl alcohol fibers, pitch fibers, acrylic resin fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, formaldehyde resin fibers, divinylbenzene crosslinked Polystyrene fibers, lignin fibers, cotton fibers and / or hemp fibers, preferably of fibers based on cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activated carbon fibers, in particular the second activated carbon layer ( 6 ), as a textile activated carbon fiber structure, in particular as a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, fleece, felt or other textile composite material, preferably as a nonwoven material, in particular wherein the textile activated carbon fiber structure has a basis weight of 10 to 200 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 150 g / m ² , preferably 10 to 120 g / m ² , particularly preferably 20 to 100 g / m ² , very particularly preferably 25 to 80 g / m ² . Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding Expectations, characterized in that the Activated carbon fibers average fiber diameter of 1 to 25 microns, in particular 2.5 to 20 μm, preferably 5 to 15 μm, have and / or that the activated carbon fibers a length-related Have mass (titer) of 1 to 10 dtex, in particular 1 to 5 dtex. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding Expectations, characterized in that the average particle diameter of the granular and / or spherical activated carbon particles at least three times, in particular at least four times, preferably at least five times, is particularly preferably at least six times larger than the average fiber diameter of the activated carbon fibers. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total amount of activated carbon, based on the adsorption filter material ( 1 ), 25 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 50 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 60 to 220 g / m ² . Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) and the second layer of activated carbon ( 6 ) are directly adjacent to one another and / or are arranged directly one above the other and / or that the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) and the second layer of activated carbon ( 6 ) permanently connected to each other, in particular glued and / or that the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) and the second activated carbon layer ( 6 ) form a network. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding Expectations, characterized in that the granular and / or spherical Activated carbon and / or the activated carbon fibers with at least one catalyst waterproof is / are, in particular with the catalyst selected can be made of metals and metal compounds, preferably from the group of copper, cadmium, silver, platinum, palladium, zinc and mercury and their compounds, and / or in particular the amount of catalyst, based on the impregnated activated carbon material, 0.01 to 15% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 12% by weight, preferably 5 to 12% by weight. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer ( 2 ) and / or the second layer ( 3 ) is designed as a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular as a textile fabric, preferably as a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, fleece, felt or other textile composite, in particular wherein the textile material has a weight per unit area of 50 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 75 up to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² , and / or that the first layer ( 2 ) and / or the second layer ( 3 ) is / are oleophobic. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer ( 2 ) and / or the second layer ( 3 ) as a carrier layer for the adsorption layer ( 4 ) serves. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer ( 2 ) and / or the second activated carbon layer ( 6 ) as a carrier layer for the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) and / or that the second layer ( 3 ) and / or the first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) as a carrier layer for the second activated carbon layer ( 6 ) serves. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) as a multi-layer, in particular air-permeable composite material made up of several layers which are each connected to one another 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) and / or that the individual layers ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) of the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) are each connected to one another, in particular seamlessly, preferably by gluing, in particular wherein the adhesive application for permanent and seamless connection of two layers in each case in an amount of 5 to 100 g / m ² , in particular 5 to 75 g / m ² , preferably 10 to 50 g / m ² . Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) a total basis weight, based on the adsorption filter material ( 1 ), from 75 to 1,000 g / m ² , in particular 100 to 800 g / m ² , preferably 125 to 500 g / m ² , and / or that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) is permeable to gas, in particular air, in particular the gas or air permeability of the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) more than 50 l · m ^–2 · s ^–1 , in particular more than 100 1 · m ^–2 · s ^–1 , preferably more than 200 1 · m ^–2 · s ^–1 , and up to 10,000 1 · m ^{- 2} · s ^–1 and / or that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) has a water vapor transmission rate of at least 5 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 12 l / m ² per 24 h. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the first layer ( 2 ) and the adsorption layer ( 4 ) and / or between the second layer ( 3 ) and the adsorption layer ( 4 ) additionally a barrier layer ( 7 ) is provided, in particular where the barrier layer ( 7 ) is water vapor permeable and / or at least essentially gas, in particular air impermeable and / or in particular wherein the barrier layer ( 7 ) is at least essentially impermeable to chemical poisons, in particular warfare agents, such as skin poisons and contact poisons, or at least delays their passage and / or in particular wherein the barrier layer ( 7 ) is at least essentially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, and / or aerosols or at least delays their passage. Adsorption filter material according to claim 16, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 7 ) at the same time as an adhesive for the adsorption layer ( 4 ) and / or that the barrier layer ( 7 ) as a continuous, closed layer on the first layer ( 2 ) and / or on the second layer ( 3 ) is applied and / or that the thickness of the barrier layer ( 7 ) 1 to 1,000 μm, in particular 1 to 500 μm, preferably 5 to 250 μm, preferably 5 to 150 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 100 μm, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 μm. Adsorption filter material according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 7 ) comprises or consists of at least one plastic or at least one organic polymer, preferably a polymer based on polyurethane and / or polyurethane derivatives and / or cellulose and / or cellulose derivatives and / or optionally modified or derivatized polyesters or polyamides and / or that the barrier layer ( 7 ) is designed as a multi-layer laminate and / or as a multi-layer composite of several plastic or polymer layers, in particular from at least three ver bound layers or layers, and / or that the barrier layer ( 7 ) at 25 ° C has a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm. Adsorption filter material according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the with the barrier layer ( 7 ) equipped adsorption filter material ( 1 ) a total water vapor permeability of at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 15 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h, with a thickness of the barrier layer ( 7 ) of 50 μm. Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a composite material with a plurality of immediately successive layers which are each connected to one another ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 ) is formed, in particular where the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) these layers in the following sequence (order) comprises: - a first, preferably textile layer ( 2 ), which is optionally oleophobic, - optionally a water vapor permeable, at least essentially gas, in particular air impermeable barrier layer ( 7 ), - an adsorption layer ( 4 ), comprising a first activated carbon layer ( 5 ) with granular and / or spherical activated carbon and a second activated carbon layer ( 6 ) with activated carbon fibers, - a second, preferably textile layer ( 3 ). Adsorption filter material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) washable and / or decontaminable and / or regenerable and / or that the adsorption filter material ( 1 ) is thermally stable, in particular up to temperatures of 100 ° C or more, preferably up to temperatures of 150 ° C or more. Protective materials of all kinds, in particular protective suits, in particular for the civil or military Area, protective gloves and protective covers, preferably all aforementioned protective materials for the ABC insert, manufactured using an adsorption filter material one of the claims 1 to 21. Filters and filter materials of all kinds, in particular to remove all types of harmful, odorous and toxic substances Air and / or gas flows, such as gas mask filters, odor filters, surface filters, air filters, in particular Filter for indoor air cleaning, adsorbable support structures and filters for the medical Area made using an adsorption filter material according to one of the claims 1 to 21. Protective materials according to claim 22 or filters and filter materials according to claim 23, characterized in that the first layer ( 2 ) faces the source of the pollutant. Protective materials, in particular protective suits, protective gloves and protective covers made using an adsorption filter material according to one of the claims 1 to 21 and / or having an adsorption filter material according to one of the claims 1 to 21. Protective materials according to claim 25, characterized in that the first layer ( 2 ) faces the source of the pollutant and / or that the protective materials are protective suits and the first layer ( 2 ) when wearing protective suits is arranged on the side facing away from the body.