DE20300465U1 - Aerating and ventilating system for buildings has fresh air shaft and exhaust air shaft in vertical air shaft and located vertically and parallel to one another - Google Patents

Abstract

The aerating and ventilating system has a fresh air shaft (24) and exhaust air shaft (26) in a vertical shaft (12) and located vertically and parallel to one another. The fresh air shaft in an upper section has at least one fresh air inlet (28), and in a section below it at least one fresh air outlet (30). Between the fresh air inlet and outlet the fresh guiding in the fresh air shaft runs from the top downwards. The exhaust air shaft is similarly constructed but with the exhaust air guiding running from the bottom upwards.

Description

B/44713/DE/PR-in

Erlus Building Materials AG, Hauptstrasse 106, 84088 Neufahrn

Ventilation system with countercurrent operation

The invention relates to a ventilation system with countercurrent operation for a building.

To avoid heat loss, buildings are increasingly being sealed against draughts in accordance with the relevant thermal insulation regulations. Despite these measures, adequate ventilation must be ensured to ensure complete air exchange within specified cycle times. Air exchange may also be necessary to reduce pollutant concentrations below the permissible limit. Exhaust pipes arranged in a vertical shaft have proven to be effective for this purpose. If natural convection in the exhaust pipe is not sufficient, a fan is required to generate the necessary negative pressure in the exhaust pipe and is preferably installed in the roof space of the building.

The air that is exchanged, known as exhaust air, is generally warmer in winter and colder in summer than the fresh air outside the building. If the fresh air is supplied via valve arrangements arranged in the outer wall of the building, then the supplied fresh air must be heated or cooled to maintain the room temperature at least in the weather conditions described. This means that at least part of the energy saved by the good insulation of the building must be used again to regulate the room temperature.

DE 198 52 640 A 1 describes a chimney for the ventilation of a house with a fire-resistant shaft made of casing bricks. Inside the shaft there is a ceramic pipe for exhaust air, which is connected at its upper end to a heat exchanger that fills the shaft. A fan box, not described in detail, is integrated into the heat exchanger. This results in a complex construction with poor accessibility for maintenance.

The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation system for a building which is structurally simple and enables particularly effective operation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with the subject matter of claim 1. It is provided that a fresh air shaft and an exhaust air shaft are formed in a vertical shaft, which are preferably both arranged vertically and parallel to one another and that the fresh air duct in the fresh air shaft is designed to run from top to bottom, for which purpose the fresh air shaft has at least one fresh air inlet opening in an upper section and at least one fresh air outlet opening in a section below, and

that the exhaust air duct in the exhaust air shaft is designed to run from bottom to top, for which purpose the exhaust air shaft has at least one exhaust air inlet opening in a lower section and at least one exhaust air outlet opening in a section above, whereby the fresh air duct and the exhaust air duct are operated in countercurrent.

The fan device can be formed from a fan with an intake nozzle and an outlet nozzle. The intake nozzle and the outlet nozzle can be connected to the exhaust air duct or to the fresh air duct, preferably in the area of an upper section of the shaft. The fan can advantageously be arranged outside the shaft in the bypass. For this purpose, the intake nozzle and the outlet nozzle are preferably designed as pipe sections bent at a right angle, so that the fan device is arranged outside the shaft parallel to the outer wall of the vertical shaft. Arranging the fan device outside the shaft simplifies maintenance of the fan device. It can advantageously be attached to the outer wall of the vertical shaft using a support device made of soundproofing material.

A particularly simple design for the ventilation system is achieved by designing the inner pipe as a fresh air shaft. In this design, the intake and outlet nozzles of the fan device can be connected to the exhaust air shaft through holes in the outer wall of the exhaust air shaft, which also forms the wall of the shaft. The advantage of this is that the fan noise transmitted by the exhaust air is kept away from the rooms in the building because the exhaust air flows from bottom to top.

It is advisable to create a high flow resistance in the section of the exhaust air shaft or fresh air shaft that is bridged by the bypass. This flow resistance must be at least greater than the flow resistance of the bypass. In the preferred embodiment, in which the exhaust air duct is designed as a gap between the inner wall of the vertical shaft and the outer wall of the inner pipe, the section of the exhaust air duct located between the intake nozzle and the outlet nozzle of the fan device can be completely filled with soundproofing material, for example, or an intermediate floor can be integrated into the vertical shaft.

The fan device can also be designed as a heat exchanger device. The heat can be released into a separate medium, e.g. service or fresh water circuit, heating circuit or the like. The heat exchange can also be implemented between the fresh air and the exhaust air flow. Alternatively, the heat exchanger device can also be designed as a separate device next to the fan device.

The vertical shaft is preferably made of casing stones arranged one above the other or prefabricated floor-high elements. This means that its dimensions can be easily adapted to the structural conditions. A fresh air shaft and an exhaust air shaft are arranged in the vertical shaft. They can be formed by a continuous partition wall installed in the shaft, which divides the shaft into two parallel shafts. The parallel shafts can also be created by forming the shaft from pipe chamber casing stones arranged one above the other. An inner pipe, preferably made of ceramic, can preferably be installed in the vertical shaft.

The fresh air shaft can be designed in the interior of the inner pipe and the exhaust air shaft in the gap between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the shaft, or vice versa. It can be advantageous to design the interior of the inner pipe as a fresh air shaft, because dirt deposits hardly form in a ceramic or plastic pipe due to its smooth surface. In addition, filtering and processing, e.g. humidification of the fresh air in the inner pipe or at the fresh air outlets to set an optimal room climate, can be provided, which can also reduce the requirements for the surface quality of the fresh air shaft.

The inner pipe is preferably made of socket pipes that are put together. In the area of the air outlet or air inlet, the inner pipe can be made of T-pipe sections. The inner pipe is preferably made of straight socket pipes and T-socket pipes that are put together. The socket pipes and/or T-socket pipes can advantageously be connected to one another using acid putty or elastomers.

In the fresh air shaft or exhaust air shaft formed in the interior of the inner pipe, a fresh air outlet opening or exhaust air inlet opening is preferably arranged on each floor. In these sections, openings are provided in the wall of the vertical shaft through which the ends of the horizontal sections of the T-pipe sections of the inner pipe protrude. The gap between the outer wall of the horizontal section of a T-pipe section and the inner wall of the corresponding opening in the wall of the vertical shaft is advantageously closed by suitable material, putty or mortar or an elastic seal.

Separation and sealing between the fresh air shaft and the exhaust air shaft prevents the fresh air from becoming contaminated with exhaust air. The sealing material can also have a sound-insulating effect. In the exhaust air shaft or fresh air shaft, which is designed as a gap between the outer wall of the inner pipe and the inner wall of the shaft, an exhaust air inlet opening or fresh air outlet opening is preferably arranged on each floor. The fresh air outlet opening advantageously opens close to the ceiling of a floor, for example at a height of 2.20 m above the floor, and the exhaust air inlet opening close to the floor. The greatest possible distance between the fresh air outlet opening and the exhaust air inlet opening supports the exchange of air in the floor.

The vertical shaft can extend through at least one room to be ventilated, or through several floors in buildings with more than one storey.

In the preferred case that the inner pipe is designed as a fresh air shaft, the fresh air inlet opening at the upper front end of the vertical shaft is preferably designed as an axial central hole arranged at the end of the shaft. The exhaust air outlet opening is preferably also located in the area of the front end of the vertical shaft and can be designed as a radial slot in the wall of the shaft and/or between the front end of the shaft and a hood device covering the front end of the shaft. The hood device advantageously has a hood with a central hole, which is designed as the fresh air inlet opening of the ventilation system.

In a preferred embodiment, the partition wall between the fresh air shaft and the exhaust air shaft is designed as a heat exchanger. If the inner pipe is made of socket pipes made of ceramic or other materials with poor heat conductivity, a section of the inner pipe arranged in the shaft above the connection of the fan device is preferably designed as a heat exchanger pipe, preferably as a sheet metal pipe. The efficiency of the heat exchanger can be increased by providing the sheet metal pipe with a larger surface area, for example it can be designed as a corrugated sheet metal pipe. The length of the heat exchanger can also be increased by designing the inner pipe in the section above and/or below the fan unit as a sheet metal pipe over one or more storey heights or over the entire section.

The upper front end of the vertical shaft penetrates the roof of the building. Advantageously, the fresh air inlet opening is not directly adjacent to the exhaust air outlet opening, so that the fresh air drawn in is not contaminated with exhaust air. Depending on the assignment of the fresh air shaft, different solutions for the arrangement and design of the fresh air inlet opening and the exhaust air outlet opening in the area of the upper front end of the vertical shaft are possible. In the preferred case, the inner pipe forms the fresh air shaft. The vertical shaft can be provided with a plate-shaped cover at its upper front end, which has a central hole through which the inner pipe is guided. The exhaust air can be discharged through slots made in the casing of the shaft below the plate-shaped cover, or the plate-shaped cover can be designed in such a way that a slot is formed between the cover and the upper front surface of the vertical shaft. The upper front end of the inner pipe can be enclosed by a hood device, which has a

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central hole. The annular gap between the central hole in the plate-shaped cover and the outer wall of the inner pipe can be filled with a preferably elastic and weather-resistant sealing material so that the exhaust air cannot reach the area of the fresh air inlet opening.

To prevent precipitation from entering the inner tube, it can be covered with an umbrella-shaped cap that does not completely close the inner tube, allowing fresh air to enter unhindered.

The shaft can have a sound insulation device which surrounds the inner pipe as a layer or coating and/or as a preferably trough-shaped support made of sound insulation material which supports the lower end of the inner pipe on the floor.

To remove condensate that forms when the dew point of the fresh air or the exhaust air is undershot and/or to remove water that may enter the fresh air flow via the fresh air inlet opening, a condensate device, such as a siphon device, can be provided at the lower end of the inner pipe. If necessary, the gap between the inner wall of the vertical shaft and the outer wall of the inner pipe can also be provided with a condensate device at its lower end.

The drawing shows a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is explained in more detail below.
It shows

Fig. 1 an embodiment of a ventilation shaft with

Countercurrent operation in longitudinal section.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a ventilation shaft with countercurrent operation 10. A vertical shaft 12 which is rectangular in plan and square in the case shown is formed from casing stones 14 arranged one above the other. The lower casing stone rests with its underside on the floor 16. At a distance from the floor 16 defined by the structural dimensions of a siphon device 18, an intermediate floor 20 integrated in the shaft 12 interrupts the layering of the casing stones 14. The casing stones 14 are designed with a chamber cross-section which is rectangular in plan and square in the case shown. An inner pipe 22 made of ceramic is arranged from the intermediate floor 20 in the interior of the shaft 12. The inner pipe is supported with its lower end on the intermediate floor 20 via a trough-shaped base part 74a and a mat-shaped support device 74. The interior of the inner tube 22 forms a fresh air shaft 24, the gap between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the shaft 12 forms an exhaust air shaft 26 that surrounds the fresh air shaft 24. The longitudinal axes of the fresh air shaft 24 and the exhaust air shaft 26 are both arranged vertically, coaxially in the case shown. The fresh air shaft 24 has a fresh air inlet opening 28 in its upper end and fresh air outlet openings 30 in sections below, with the fresh air duct in the fresh air shaft 24 running from top to bottom between the fresh air inlet opening 28 and the fresh air outlet openings 30. The exhaust air shaft 26 has an exhaust air outlet opening 32 in its upper section and exhaust air inlet openings 34 in sections below, whereby between the exhaust air inlet openings 34 and the exhaust air outlet opening 32 in the exhaust air shaft the exhaust air is guided from bottom to

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running upwards. In this way, the countercurrent operation of the fresh air and the exhaust air is achieved.

The inner pipe 22 is made of socket pipes 36 put together. It is made of straight pipe sections 38 and T-pipe sections 40, namely straight socket pipes and T-socket pipes put together. The horizontal sections of the T-pipe sections 40 are guided through corresponding openings in the wall of the vertical shaft 12 and end at the level of the outer wall of the vertical shaft 12. The annular gap between the outer wall of the pipe section of the T-pipe section guided through the opening in the outer wall of the vertical shaft 12 and the designated opening is filled with an elastic sealing material 40a, which also has a sound-insulating effect. The elastic sealing material 40a not only fixes the horizontal sections of the T-pipe sections 40 but also ensures the defined exhaust air inlet at the exhaust air inlet openings 34.

The shaft 12 extends through a building 44 with rooms 42 to be ventilated and de-ventilated, namely through several floors 46, an attic 64 and a roof 48, with the fresh air outlet openings 30 and the exhaust air inlet openings 34 being arranged in the sections of the shaft 12 that pass through the rooms 42. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fresh air inlet opening 30 is arranged above the exhaust air inlet opening 34 in each room 42. The shaft 12 extends through several floors 46 of the building 44. In the case shown, a room 42 with a fresh air outlet opening 30 and an exhaust air inlet opening 34 is arranged in each of the floors 46 through which the shaft 12 extends.

The upper end of the shaft 12 protrudes from the roof 48 of the building 44, with the upper end of the inner pipe 22 being arranged above the upper end of the shaft 14. The fresh air inlet opening 28 is designed as an axial central hole in the form of the upper pipe opening of the inner pipe 22. The upper end of the shaft 12 and the inner pipe 22 are enclosed by a hood device 50 which has a central hole 54 in a lid-shaped hood 52 which is aligned with the upper pipe opening of the inner pipe 22. The hood 52 is arranged at a distance from the upper end face of the vertical shaft 12 so that a gap is formed through which the exhaust air flows. The annular gap between the central hole 54 and the outer wall of the inner pipe 22 is filled with a sealant (not shown). In the embodiment shown, the exhaust air escaping from the exhaust air outlet opening 32 is deflected by approximately 180° on the inner surface of the hood 52 so that it cannot contaminate the fresh air flowing into the fresh air inlet opening 28. The upper end of the inner tube 22 is enclosed by a truncated cone-shaped decorative hood 52a that is open on both sides and whose lower opening covers the central hole 54 of the egg-shaped hood 52 and whose upper opening is flush with the upper end of the inner tube 22.

A fan device 56 arranged in the attic 64 of the building 44 outside the vertical shaft 12 with a fan 58, which has an angled intake nozzle 60 and an angled outlet nozzle 62, is connected to the exhaust air duct. The intake nozzle 60 and the outlet nozzle 62 engage via openings in the outer wall of the exhaust air shaft 26 formed by the wall of the vertical shaft 12. In the section of the vertical shaft 12 delimited by the horizontal sections of the intake nozzle 60 and the outlet nozzle 62, the layer

The flow of the casing stones 14 is interrupted by an intermediate floor 20a integrated into the shaft 12. In this way, the exhaust gas is forced to flow through the bypass formed by the fan device 56.

In a section above the intermediate floor 20a, straight pipe sections 38 of the inner pipe 22 made of sheet metal are designed as a heat exchanger 68. The heat exchanger 68 simultaneously forms a heat-conducting partition wall 66 between the fresh air shaft 24 and the exhaust air shaft 26.

The shaft 14 has a sound insulation device 70, which is designed as a coating 72 surrounding the inner pipe 22 and as a mat-shaped support device 74 made of sound insulation material, on which the lower end of the inner pipe 22 is supported on the floor via a trough-shaped foot part 74a. Spacers 74b, which are supported on the inner wall of the vertical shaft 12 and the coating 72, fix the inner pipe 22 in its axial position.

The vertical shaft 14 and the inner tube 22 are equipped in their lower section above the intermediate floor 20 with lateral viewing holes 76, which are preferably closed with glass panes. The optical axes of the viewing holes 76 coincide, so that an unobstructed view is possible.

The siphon device 18 for condensate drainage is connected to the lower end of the fresh air shaft 24. The tubular vertical section of the siphon device 18 is guided through central through holes in the trough-shaped foot part 74a, the mat-shaped support device 74 and the intermediate floor 20.

The ventilation system 10 shown in Fig. 1 ensures a continuous exchange of air via the fresh air outlet openings 30 and exhaust air inlet openings 34 arranged at least once on each floor 46 of the building 44, whereby one or more rooms 42 can be arranged on each floor 46, in the case shown one room per floor. In an example not shown, several rooms 42 are arranged around the vertical shaft 12, whereby each room has a fresh air outlet opening 30 and an exhaust air inlet opening 34.

Claims (18)

1. Ventilation system ( 10 ) for a building
with a vertical shaft ( 12 ) with fresh air duct and exhaust air duct in countercurrent operation,
preferably with fan device ( 56 ) and/or preferably with heat exchanger device,
whereby it is envisaged
that a fresh air shaft ( 24 ) and an exhaust air shaft ( 26 ) are formed in the shaft ( 12 ), both of which are arranged vertically and parallel to one another; and
that the fresh air shaft ( 24 ) has at least one fresh air inlet opening ( 28 ) in an upper section and at least one fresh air outlet opening ( 30 ) in a section below, wherein the fresh air duct in the fresh air shaft ( 24 ) is designed to run from top to bottom between the fresh air inlet opening ( 28 ) and the fresh air outlet opening ( 30 ); and
that the exhaust air shaft ( 26 ) has at least one exhaust air outlet opening ( 32 ) in an upper section and at least one exhaust air inlet opening ( 34 ) in a section below, wherein the exhaust air guide is designed to run from bottom to top between the exhaust air inlet opening ( 34 ) and the exhaust air outlet opening ( 32 ) in the exhaust air shaft ( 26 ). 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan device ( 56 ) has a fan ( 58 ) which is arranged outside the shaft ( 12 ). 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the fan ( 58 ) is arranged in a lower or middle or upper section of the shaft ( 12 ) offset parallel to the outer wall of the shaft ( 12 ). 4. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fan device ( 56 ) has a fan ( 58 ) with an intake nozzle ( 60 ) and an outlet nozzle ( 62 ) and the intake nozzle ( 60 ) and the outlet nozzle ( 62 ) are connected to the exhaust air duct or to the fresh air duct. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the fan device ( 58 ) is connected via its intake nozzle ( 60 ) and its outlet nozzle ( 62 ) in the region of an upper section of the shaft ( 12 ). 6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 12 ) is formed from casing stones ( 14 ) arranged one above the other. 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner pipe ( 22 ) preferably made of ceramic is arranged in the shaft ( 12 ) and that the fresh air shaft ( 24 ) is formed in the interior of the inner pipe ( 22 ) and the exhaust air shaft ( 26 ) is formed in the gap between the outer wall of the inner pipe ( 22 ) and the inner wall of the shaft ( 12 ) or vice versa. 8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner pipe is formed from socket pipes ( 36 ) put together. 9. System according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the inner pipe is formed from straight pipe sections ( 38 ) and T-pipe sections ( 40 ), preferably from straight socket pipes and T-socket pipes put together. The individual socket pipes ( 36 ) are preferably connected to one another by means of acid cement or elastomers. 10. Systems according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 12 ) extends through a room ( 42 ) of the building ( 44 ) to be ventilated and deventilated and the fresh air outlet opening ( 30 ) and the exhaust air inlet opening ( 34 ) are arranged in the section of the shaft ( 12 ) that passes through the room, preferably the fresh air outlet opening ( 30 ) above the exhaust air inlet opening ( 34 ). 11. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 12 ) extends through several floors ( 46 ) of the building ( 44 ) and in at least one of the floors ( 46 ), preferably in each of the floors ( 46 ), at least one fresh air outlet opening ( 30 ) and at least one exhaust air inlet opening ( 34 ) are arranged in the shaft ( 12 ). 12. System according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with claim 7, characterized in that a partition wall ( 66 ) between the fresh air shaft ( 24 ) and the exhaust air shaft ( 26 ) is designed as a heat exchanger ( 68 ), preferably in that a section of the inner tube ( 22 ) arranged above the connection of the fan device ( 56 ) in the shaft ( 12 ) is designed as a heat exchanger tube, preferably a sheet metal tube. 13. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 12 ) has a sound insulation device ( 70 ). 14. System according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with claim 7, characterized in that the sound insulation device ( 70 ) is designed as a layer or coating ( 72 ) surrounding the inner tube ( 22 ) and/or as a preferably trough-shaped support ( 74 ) made of sound insulation material, on which the lower end of the inner tube ( 12 ) is supported on the bottom side. 15. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fresh air inlet opening ( 28 ) at the upper end of the shaft ( 12 ) is preferably designed as an axial central hole. 16. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air outlet opening ( 32 ) in the region of the upper front end of the shaft ( 12 ) is designed as a radial slot in the wall of the shaft ( 12 ) and/or between the upper front end of the shaft ( 12 ) and a hood device ( 50 ) covering the upper front end of the shaft ( 12 ). 17. System according to claim 16, characterized in that the hood ( 52 ) has a central hole which is designed as the fresh air inlet opening ( 28 ). 18. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air shaft ( 26 ) and/or the fresh air shaft ( 24 ) have/has a siphon device ( 18 ) for condensate removal at the lower end.