DE20220188U1 - Sports hall oxygen content control ventilation system to simulate altitude training recirculates air nitrogen mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

A sports hall oxygen content control ventilation system (8) mixes nitrogen with an oxygen mixture through shafts (9, 10) with external inlet (15) and outlet (16) controlled (18) by oxygen (17) sensors to maintain pressure in a sealed room (1) with airlock entrance (3) and carbon dioxide absorbing unit (21). Includes INDEPENDENT CLAIM for measurement of carbon dioxide (22) to control the absorbing unit which may be a plant, temperature sensor (19) to control a temperature control flap (20) and humidity sensor (23) to control the humidity.

Description

BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT

LAW FIRM

Bochmcrt & Bochmcrt · McinckcstraSc 26 · D-10719 Berlin

German Patent and Trademark Office Zweibrückenstrasse 12

80297 Munich

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H60094(P)

Berlin,

19 December 2002

Dipl.-Kfm. Richard Henninger

Stromstrasse 11-17

10551 Berlin

Device for regulating an oxygen content
in a closed room

The invention relates to a device for regulating an oxygen content in a gas mixture contained in a closed room, in particular a sports training room, with a closable inlet for introducing an oxygen-free gas, in particular nitrogen, and/or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, in particular a nitrogen/oxygen mixture, and a ventilation system for mixing the gas mixture with the introduced oxygen-free gas and/or the introduced oxygen-containing gas mixture in order to produce a predetermined oxygen content of < 21%,

-72.618-

Meinekestrasse 26 · D-10719 Berlin · Telephone+49-30-31505150 ■ Fax+49-30-31505151

MUNICH - BREMEN - BERLIN -btßiEkDORF - FRANKFURT-6IiLEPtLD* POTSBAM· - KlElT-?P&Agr;&bgr;&sfgr;&idiagr;^&Ogr;&Agr;&Idigr; . LAND&Ut! HÖiJenKIRCHEN - ALICANTE - PARIS

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which can simulate an atmosphere at a certain altitude above sea level.

It is well known that a stay in the high mountains, especially a training stay, has a beneficial effect on an athlete. Due to the lower air pressure in the high mountains, a liter of air contains fewer oxygen molecules than a liter of air at sea level. The amount of oxygen inhaled in the high mountains is therefore reduced. In order to adapt to this change, the human organism increases the production of red blood cells, which are used to transport oxygen in the human organism. Other advantages that a training stay in the high mountains brings for an athlete are an increase in oxygen binding capacity and pulmonary respiratory exchange. Overall, oxygen transport in the human organism is improved by changing blood volume and blood flow, which strengthens the cardiovascular system. In addition, oxygen utilization in the human organism is improved.

The same effects can be achieved at sea level by reducing the oxygen content in the inhaled gas mixture.

European patent EP 0 789 546 B1 discloses a device and a method for regulating an atmosphere in a substantially closed room at ground level, in particular a sports/exercise room, in which a gas mixture in the room is supplemented by nitrogen and/or a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen in order to produce a desired atmosphere with an oxygen content < 21%, wherein the mixing of nitrogen and/or the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with the gas mixture is carried out at normal ambient air pressure. In the known method, pure nitrogen is first blown into the room until the gas mixture in the room has a desired oxygen content. Then, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen having the desired oxygen content is continuously blown into the room.

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The disclosed device has the disadvantage that nitrogen or a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, which has a lower oxygen content than the ambient air of the room, must be continuously blown into the room. Since the production of pure nitrogen or of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture with a lower oxygen content than the ambient air is energy-intensive and therefore costly, the operation of the disclosed device or the disclosed method is uneconomical.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for regulating an oxygen content in a room, in particular a sports training room, in which the gas consumption is reduced compared to devices according to the prior art.

The object is achieved according to the invention in a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the room is sealed in such a way that the mixing can be carried out with the aid of the ventilation system at an internal pressure which is increased compared to an ambient air pressure in the room.

The invention includes the idea that an oxygen-free gas, in particular nitrogen, or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, in particular a nitrogen/oxygen mixture, can be mixed into a gas mixture contained in a room in order to produce a predetermined oxygen content of <21% in the gas mixture, thereby simulating an atmosphere at a certain height above sea level. The closed room is so tight that the mixing of the gas mixture with the introduced oxygen-free gas or the introduced oxygen-containing gas mixture can be carried out by means of a ventilation system at an internal pressure that is higher than the ambient air pressure of the room.

An advantage of the invention is that gas or a gas mixture does not have to be continuously introduced into the room. This allows the consumption of gas or a gas mixture to be significantly reduced compared to known devices. This leads to a significant reduction in operating costs. Furthermore, the storage volume required to store the gas or gas mixture that is introduced into the room is

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This reduces the space required for installing a sports/exercise room according to the invention. Since no large volumes of gas need to be exchanged continuously when operating a sports/exercise room according to the invention, the sports/exercise room can be located in a larger building without special ventilation technology being required to remove the gas volumes. The last two advantages also lead to a reduction in the manufacturing and operating costs of a sports/exercise room according to the invention.

An advantageous development of the device according to the invention can provide that the room comprises a lockable opening, in particular a door for entering the room. This ensures that people can easily get into the room.

Another expedient embodiment of the device has a nitrogen generating device for extracting nitrogen from the ambient air of the room. The advantage of this embodiment is that the room can be operated independently of a supply of a nitrogen gas and/or a nitrogen/oxygen gas mixture with a reduced oxygen content compared to the oxygen content of the ambient air of the room.

Another useful development of the device comprises a tank for storing the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture, the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture being present in the tank in a liquid and/or gaseous phase. It is advantageous to store the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture required to operate the device in a tank. In particular, it is advantageous to store the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture in a liquid phase in the tank, as this saves space.

A further development of the device comprises a lock arranged in the room, which encloses the closable opening, to prevent gas exchange when entering and leaving the room. The lock ensures that gas exchange between the environment

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ambient air and the gas mixture in the room is minimized when entering and leaving the room.

Another advantageous embodiment of the device provides that the ventilation system sucks in the gas mixture via one or more ventilation shafts arranged on a ceiling of the room and blows it into the room via one or more other ventilation shafts arranged on the ceiling of the room in order to circulate the gas mixture without forming a wind in the room. This design of the ventilation system results in the gas mixture being as homogeneous as possible in the room without a wind-like air flow forming in the room.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the ventilation system is designed to circulate a gas volume that corresponds to a multiple, in particular 12 to 13 times, the internal volume of the room per hour. By circulating the gas mixture in the room, a homogeneity of the gas mixture is achieved. This prevents the formation of gas layers in the room that have different levels of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) content.

An advantageous development of the device provides a measuring device for measuring the oxygen content, a closable supply air opening of the ventilation system for sucking in ambient air and a closable exhaust air opening of the ventilation system for blowing off part of the gas mixture from the room into the ambient air and a control device which is connected to the measuring device, the closable valve, the closable supply air opening and the closable exhaust air opening and can control the introduction of the oxygen-free gas and/or the oxygen-containing gas mixture and the sucking in of the ambient air as well as the blowing off of the part of the gas mixture depending on measured values of the measuring device, wherein a volume of the sucked in ambient air is not less than a volume of the blown off part of the gas mixture, so that an increased internal pressure is maintained in the room compared to the ambient air pressure. This device makes it possible to operate the room fully automatically.

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Another development of the device comprises a (^ absorption device which absorbs CO2 from the gas mixture. This device can remove CO2 exhaled by persons in the room from the gas mixture. This avoids a health-endangering CO2 concentration in the gas mixture.

Another advantageous embodiment of the device has a CO2 measuring device for determining a CO2 content in the gas mixture, whereby the CO2 absorption device can be switched on or off depending on the determined CO2 content. This device ensures that the CO2 absorption device only consumes energy and/or resources when the CO2 content in the gas mixture is above a limit value.

A further development of the device provides that the (^ absorption device is a living organism, in particular a plant. This absorption device is preferred from an ecological point of view, since it does not consume any energy. At the same time, the plant absorbs odors, vapors and odor particles from the room air.

It is also expedient to provide a temperature sensor for measuring a room temperature in the room and a cooling/heating register controlled depending on the measured room temperature for increasing and decreasing the room temperature. It is thus possible to regulate the room temperature in the room.

An embodiment of the invention may provide a humidity sensor for determining a humidity content in the gas mixture in the room and a humidity regulating device for adding or removing humidity depending on the determined humidity content. This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to create a desired room climate. In particular, this embodiment has the ability to remove moisture from the gas mixture, which is added to the gas mixture, for example by the breathing and perspiration of the people in the room, in order to create a pleasant room climate.

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The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to a drawing.

Figure 1 is a schematic sketch of a sports/exercise room; and

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a sports/exercise

room.

Figure 1 shows a closed room 1, which is preferably a sports/exercise/rehabilitation room. The room 1 has an opening 2, which is a door to a lock 3. The lock 3 comprises a closed room and has a further door 4. The room 1 additionally comprises windows 5, so that it is possible to observe people in the room 1. In addition, the room 1 has an emergency exit 6. The room 1 is sealed and designed in such a way that, when closed, no significant quantities of a gas mixture contained in the room 1 escape.

Persons who wish to enter room 1 first open the door 4 of the lock 3 and enter the lock 3. After the door 4 is closed, the opening 2, which is preferably also a door, can be opened and room 1 can be entered. The opening 2 is then closed again.

A ventilation system 8 is arranged on a ceiling 7. The ventilation system 8 comprises an air duct 9 and a further air duct 10, which are arranged in the area of a right and a left edge of the ceiling 7. The air duct 9 and the further air duct 10 are connected to a central air duct 11 via connecting air ducts 12. The ventilation system 8 comprises means (not shown), in particular fans, for moving/circulating the gas mixture in the room 1.

An oxygen-free gas and/or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, whose oxygen content is lower than a desired oxygen content in the room, can be fed via a pipe 13 to a valve 14 which is attached to the central air duct 11. The ventilation system 8 further comprises a closable supply air opening 15 and a

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closable exhaust air opening 16. The room has a measuring device 17 for measuring an oxygen content of the gas mixture. The measuring device 17 is connected to a control device 18. The control device 18 controls the opening and closing of the valve 14, the opening and closing of the closable supply air opening 15 and the opening and closing of the closable exhaust air opening 16.

Furthermore, a temperature sensor 19 is provided in the room. The temperature sensor 19 is connected to a cold/heat register 20. The cold/heat register 20 can increase or decrease the temperature of the gas mixture. Alternatively, the cold/heat register can be controlled via the control device 18. In this case, it is expedient to connect the temperature sensor to the control device 18.

In the room 1 there is a CO2 absorption device 21. The absorption device 21 absorbs carbon dioxide from the gas mixture in the room. The CO2 absorption device 21 can be designed so that CO2 is split into oxygen and this is released into the gas mixture in the room 1. In the room 1 there is also a CO2 measuring device 22 for determining a CO2 content in the gas mixture. The CO2 measuring device 22 is connected to the CO2 absorption device 21. This makes it possible to only operate the CO2 absorption device if CO2 is detected in the gas mixture.

A humidity sensor 22 is arranged in the room 1 and is connected to a humidity control device 24. The humidity control device 24 can add or remove moisture from the gas mixture in the room 1 depending on a measured humidity content. The humidity control device 24 can be arranged in the central air duct 11.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for regulating the oxygen content in the room 1. Identical features in Figures 1 and 2 are provided with the same reference numerals. In the arrangement according to Figure 2, the measuring device 17 for measuring the oxygen content, the temperature sensor 19, the CO2 measuring device 22 and

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the humidity sensor 23 is linked to the control device 18. This controls the humidity regulating device 24 and the (!^ absorption device 21, the cold/heat register 20, the valve 14 as well as the closable supply air opening 15 and the closable exhaust air opening 16. The ventilation system 8 in the arrangement according to Figure 2 comprises the central air duct 11 as well as the air duct 9 and the further air duct 10, the valve 14, the cold/heat register 20 and the closable supply air and exhaust air openings 15, 16.

The oxygen-free gas is "produced" in a nitrogen generation device 28, which extracts nitrogen from the ambient air. The nitrogen gas is fed via a line 27 into a tank 25. The nitrogen gas can be stored in the tank 25 in liquid or gaseous phase. Nitrogen is fed to the valve 14 via the pipe 13.

A method for regulating the oxygen content is described below with reference to Figure 2. An oxygen-free gas, in particular nitrogen, and/or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, in particular a nitrogen/oxygen mixture, is introduced via the pipe 13 and the valve 14 approximately in the middle of the central air duct 11. In the ventilation system 8, the introduced oxygen-free and/or oxygen-containing gas mixture is mixed with the gas mixture in the room 1. The ventilation system 8 sucks in the gas mixture via the air duct 9 and releases the mixed gas mixture into the room 1 via the further air duct 10. By introducing the oxygen-free gas and/or the oxygen-containing gas mixture, an increased internal pressure is generated inside the room 1 compared to an ambient air pressure in the room 1. The mixing takes place at the increased internal pressure.

By introducing the oxygen-free gas and/or the oxygen-containing gas mixture whose oxygen content is lower than a predetermined oxygen content, the oxygen content of the gas mixture in the room 1 is reduced. The measuring device 17 measures the oxygen content of the gas mixture. The measured value is transmitted to the control device 18. As soon as the control device 18 determines that the predetermined oxygen content

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of < 21%, for example about 14% to 16 %, is reached, the valve 14 is closed. The circulation of the gas mixture by means of the ventilation system 8 is continued. Advantageously, with the aid of the ventilation system 8, a gas volume is circulated per hour which corresponds to a multiple of the volume of the room 1, preferably 12 to 13 times the volume of the room 1.

The people in the room breathe in the gas mixture and use up some of the oxygen it contains when they exercise in the room. When they breathe out, the gas mixture is enriched with carbon dioxide and moisture. A C02 measuring device determines the C02 content in the gas mixture. If the CO2 measuring device 22 detects CO2 in the gas mixture, the (^ absorption device 21 is switched on. The (!^ absorption device 21 absorbs CO2 from the gas mixture. The CO2 absorption device 21 can be designed in such a way that it absorbs CO2 and splits it into oxygen and releases the oxygen into the gas mixture. If the CO2 measuring device detects a CO2 content that is above a limit value, an alarm signal is generated. The CO2 absorption device 21 preferably absorbs CO2 as part of a circulation process, whereby chemical absorption in a special lime filter bed is used.

The measuring device 17, which measures the oxygen content of the gas mixture, is connected to the control device 18. If the oxygen content in the gas mixture falls below a limit value, the control device 18 causes the closable supply air opening 15 to be opened. Ambient air from room 1 is thus sucked in via the ventilation system 8. At the same time or with a time delay, part of the gas mixture is blown out of room 1 via the closable exhaust air opening 16, whereby the volume of the part of the gas mixture that is blown out is not greater than the volume of the ambient air sucked in. This ensures that the internal pressure prevailing in room 1, which is higher than the ambient air pressure, is maintained. If the oxygen content has exceeded the limit value again, the suction and blowing are stopped.

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A temperature sensor 19 measures the room temperature in the room 1. Depending on the room temperature, a cooling/heating register 20 is controlled, which increases or decreases the temperature of the gas mixture.

A humidity sensor 23 determines the moisture content in the gas mixture. Depending on the determined moisture content, the humidity control device 24 is used to add or remove moisture from the gas mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, all processes are controlled centrally by the control device 18. However, it can also be provided that the control device 18 only controls the introduction of the oxygen-free gas and the oxygen-containing gas mixture, the intake of ambient air and the blowing off of part of the gas mixture as well as the circulation of the gas mixture in the room 1.

In addition to the devices described here, the room 1 can include additional measuring devices which, for example, monitor the oxygen content, the carbon dioxide content, a carbon monoxide content and generate a further alarm signal in and/or outside the room if a respective limit value is exceeded or not reached. The further alarm signal can be both optical and acoustic.

Because the oxygen content and the carbon dioxide content are constantly monitored, the device described can be operated fully automatically.

An advantageous embodiment of the carbon dioxide absorption device can be an organism that absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, in particular a plant. It is noted that the mixing of the gas mixture with the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture takes place at an internal pressure that is higher than the ambient pressure. This requires that the space is sealed in such a way that the internal pressure is maintained over a longer period of time without gas being fed into the space.

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All measured data for the oxygen content, the CO2 content, the room temperature and the humidity of the gas mixture are displayed in the room in a way that is easy to read. This provides an additional monitoring option for the people in the room. In addition, supervisory staff can also read the measured values through the windows 5 (see Figure 1). In addition, the measured data can be made available as electronic signals for further processing and monitoring, for example in a remote control device (not shown) located outside the room 1, which has a display and can be located in a control room.

The invention is distinguished from conventional devices in that a desired quality of the gas mixture is obtained with the lowest possible energy consumption through the interaction of the people in the room and absorption systems, which preferably comprise plants.

Room 1, in which the oxygen content can be adjusted and regulated in the manner described, can be used as a sports, exercise and/or rehabilitation room.

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, the drawings and the claims may be important both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims (13)

1. Device for regulating an oxygen content in a gas mixture contained in a closed room ( 1 ), in particular a sports/exercise room, with a closable inlet for introducing an oxygen-free gas, in particular nitrogen, and/or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, in particular a nitrogen/oxygen mixture, and a ventilation system ( 8 ) for mixing the gas mixture with the introduced oxygen-free gas and/or the introduced oxygen-containing gas mixture in order to produce a predetermined oxygen content of ≤ 21%, whereby an atmosphere at a certain height above sea level can be simulated, characterized in that the room ( 1 ) is sealed in such a way that the mixing can be carried out with the aid of the ventilation system ( 8 ) at an internal pressure which is higher than the ambient air pressure of the room ( 1 ). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the room ( 1 ) comprises a closable opening ( 2 ), in particular a door, for entering the room ( 1 ). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a nitrogen generating device ( 28 ) for extracting nitrogen from ambient air of the room ( 1 ). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a tank ( 25 ) for storing the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture, wherein the oxygen-free gas or the oxygen-containing gas mixture is present in liquid and/or gaseous phase in the tank ( 25 ). 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a lock ( 3 ) arranged on the room ( 1 ), which includes the closable opening ( 2 ), for avoiding gas exchange when entering and leaving the room ( 1 ). 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation system ( 8 ) sucks in the gas mixture via one or more ventilation shafts ( 9 ) arranged on a ceiling ( 7 ) of the room ( 1 ) and blows it into the room ( 1 ) via one or more other ventilation shafts ( 10 ) arranged on the ceiling ( 7 ) of the room ( 1 ) in order to circulate the gas mixture without forming a wind in the room ( 1 ). 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation system ( 8 ) is designed to circulate a gas volume which corresponds to a multiple, in particular approximately 12 to 13 times, an internal volume of the room ( 1 ) per hour. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a measuring device ( 17 ) for measuring the oxygen content, a closable supply air opening ( 15 ) of the ventilation system ( 8 ) for sucking in ambient air and a closable exhaust air opening ( 16 ) of the ventilation system ( 8 ) for blowing off a part of the gas mixture from the room ( 1 ) into the ambient air and a control device ( 18 ) which is connected to the measuring device ( 17 ), the closable valve ( 14 ), the closable supply air opening ( 15 ) and the closable exhaust air opening ( 16 ) and can control the introduction of the oxygen-free gas and/or the oxygen-containing gas mixture and the sucking in of the ambient air as well as the blowing off of the part of the gas mixture depending on measured values of the measuring device ( 17 ), wherein a volume of the sucked in ambient air is not less than a volume of the blown-off part of the gas mixture, so that an increased internal pressure is maintained in the space ( 1 ) compared to the ambient air pressure. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a CO ₂ absorption device ( 21 ) which absorbs CO ₂ from the gas mixture in the room ( 1 ). 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized by a CO ₂ measuring device ( 22 ) for determining a CO ₂ content in the gas mixture in the room ( 1 ), wherein the CO ₂ absorption device ( 21 ) can be switched on or off depending on the determined CO ₂ content. 11. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the CO ₂ absorption device ( 21 ) is a living organism, in particular a plant. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a temperature sensor ( 19 ) for measuring a room temperature in the room ( 1 ) and a cold/heat register ( 20 ) controlled as a function of the measured room temperature for increasing and decreasing the room temperature. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a humidity sensor ( 23 ) for determining a moisture content in the gas mixture in the room ( 1 ) and a humidity regulating device ( 24 ) for adding or removing moisture depending on the determined moisture content.