DE202024104160U1 - Cover element for a sensor arrangement, sensor arrangement, roof module and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Aperture element (18) for a sensor arrangement (16), comprising at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39), wherein the aperture element (18) is produced by an injection molding process by means of which the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is integrated into the aperture element (18), wherein the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is designed to manipulate a field of view (22, 27, 28, 40, 42) of a sensor element (20).

Description

The invention relates to a cover element for a sensor arrangement. The invention further relates to a sensor arrangement with such a cover element. The invention also relates to a roof module with such a sensor arrangement and to a motor vehicle with at least one such sensor arrangement and/or with at least one such roof module.

A sensor arrangement is known from practice and can be used in a motor vehicle to monitor the vehicle environment. For this purpose, the sensor arrangement usually comprises a sensor element that emits electromagnetic radiation, for example in the form of laser radiation, in one or more specific directions, so that the vehicle environment, including the course of the road, traffic situation and the like, can be recognized and processed by a system in the vehicle. The sensor element is arranged, for example, in a roof area of the vehicle or in the area of the vehicle's front end and is positioned behind a cover element that is permeable to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sensor element. The cover element can be made of a plastic material. The arrangement, fastening, assembly and/or thermal and electronic requirements are always a challenge.

The sensor elements (cameras, radar sensors and lidar sensors) are produced by the manufacturers as separate units. This leads to various challenges that can arise either individually or in combination. Firstly, the sensor elements often have an unnecessarily high IP class for the environment in which they are used. This means higher costs and additional weight that could be avoided. Secondly, due to tolerances, the assembly of the sensors often requires multi-step calibration, making the installation process complicated and time-consuming. Thirdly, there is a loss of performance when a second protective housing is required, be it for IP design reasons or for conceptual reasons. Finally, if a second protective housing is not possible or necessary, additional challenges arise. These include the need for additional interfaces such as seals or bonding or the impossibility of integrating the sensors into a dry room concept. These factors complicate implementation and increase the complexity of the overall sensor installation.

Roof modules are also already widely used in vehicle construction, as these roof modules are prefabricated as separate functional modules and can be delivered to the assembly line when the vehicle is assembled. The roof module forms a roof skin of the vehicle roof on its outer surface, at least in some areas, which prevents moisture or air flow from penetrating the vehicle interior. The roof skin is formed, for example, by one or more surface components that can be made of a stable material, such as painted sheet metal or painted or colored plastic. The roof module can be part of a rigid vehicle roof or part of an openable roof assembly.

Furthermore, developments in vehicle construction are increasingly focused on autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles. In order to enable the vehicle control system to control the vehicle autonomously or semi-autonomously, a large number of sensor elements are used, in particular environmental sensors (e.g. lidar sensors, radar sensors, (multi) cameras, etc., together with other (electrical) components) that are integrated into the roof module, record the environment around the vehicle and use the recorded environmental data to determine, for example, a respective traffic situation. Roof modules that are equipped with a large number of environmental sensors are also known as roof sensor modules (RSM). The known environmental sensors send and/or receive electromagnetic signals, for example laser beams or radar beams, whereby a data model of the vehicle environment can be generated by signal evaluation and used for vehicle control.

It is an object to propose an improved panel element and/or an improved sensor arrangement and/or an improved roof module and/or an improved motor vehicle.

The object is achieved by a panel element with the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a sensor arrangement with the features of claim 12. The object is also achieved by a roof module with at least one such sensor arrangement according to claim 14 and by a motor vehicle with at least one such sensor arrangement and/or at least one such roof module according to claim 15.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The scope of the invention includes all combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and/or the figures. It is understood that the The statements made with regard to the cover element refer in an equivalent manner to the sensor arrangement according to the invention and/or the roof module according to the invention and/or to the motor vehicle, without being mentioned again redundantly for these or the latter. It is particularly understood that customary linguistic transformations and/or a corresponding replacement of respective terms within the scope of usual linguistic practice, in particular the use of synonyms supported by generally accepted language literature, are included in the present disclosure content without being explicitly mentioned in their respective formulation.

In the present case, a diaphragm element for a sensor arrangement is proposed, comprising at least one optical element, wherein the diaphragm element is produced by an injection molding process by which the at least one optical element is integrated in the diaphragm element, wherein the at least one optical element is designed to manipulate a field of view of a sensor element.

In the present case, it is therefore possible to integrate at least one optical element for a sensor element directly into the aperture element. This makes it possible to display different fields of view (FoV), in particular depending on the application and sensor element. This leads to a saving in weight and costs compared to conventional aperture elements. Furthermore, the present technology makes it possible to integrate the sensor element into the aperture element or to attach the sensor element to the aperture element. In the present case, the use of a further aperture element can be dispensed with, since the at least one optical element can now be integrated directly into the aperture element. By integrating the at least one optical element into the aperture element, a shift of the field of view outwards, viewed in a viewing direction of the sensor element, can be achieved. This leads to an improvement in coverage by the sensor element, which is particularly important for near-field sensor elements that capture a field of view in front of a vehicle (viewed in the direction of travel) and behind a vehicle (viewed in the direction of travel). The aperture element can therefore maximize sensor performance or reduce performance loss.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the at least one optical element has an optical lens, in particular an optical fisheye lens. Other optical elements are also conceivable. A fisheye lens can be particularly advantageous when using fisheye cameras, for example to capture a lateral field of view (transverse to the direction of travel of a vehicle).

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the at least one optical element is prefabricated from a first material and the aperture element is manufactured from a second material by the injection molding process, wherein the optical element is preferably inserted into the aperture element and thereby integrated into the aperture element, wherein the first and the second material are the same or different. In the injection molding process, the optical element is preferably inserted into the injection mold and then overmolded with an injection molding material in order to integrate the optical element into the aperture element. The optical element is preferably prefabricated before being inserted into the injection mold and is purchased, for example, as a component in order to ensure high precision and/or a special material composition.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the aperture element is made from an injection-molded material by an injection-molding process, and that the at least one optical element is made directly from the injection-molded material and forms an integral part of the aperture element. The at least one optical element can therefore be formed together with the aperture element by the injection-molding process, and thus does not have to be provided as a prefabricated component.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the first and/or the second material or the injection molding material comprises at least one of a polycarbonate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a cycloolefin copolymer and a glass. Other materials and material mixtures are also conceivable, so that the list is not to be understood as restrictive.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the aperture element has a light filter for a sensor element and/or a visual filter at least in some areas. Optionally, a light filter can be provided for the sensor element, for example a lidar sensor, through the aperture element, which light filter is, for example, only permeable or transparent to the long wavelengths used by the sensor element, but is opaque to the human eye.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the cover element has at least one attachment section for attaching the cover element to a sensor arrangement and/or to a motor vehicle and/or that the Aperture element has at least one holding section for holding at least one sensor element.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the cover element has a first injection-molded component and a second injection-molded component and is designed as a two-component injection-molded component (2K injection molding), wherein the first injection-molded component forms an outer visible surface of the cover element, into which the at least one optical element is integrated. Alternatively, the second injection-molded component can form an outer visible surface of the cover element and be designed to restrict a field of view of the sensor element. The first injection-molded component preferably represents an outer design surface that can be seen by a user when looking at the cover element. By integrating the at least one optical element into the first injection-molded component, an undisturbed optical appearance can be ensured. Furthermore, seals on the outer visible surface can be dispensed with. The 2K technology can thus conceal any interfaces.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the second injection-molded component has at least one attachment section for attaching the cover element to a sensor arrangement and/or to a motor vehicle and/or that the second injection-molded component has at least one holding section for holding at least one sensor element and/or that the second injection-molded component has a sealing surface for sealing at least part of the sensor arrangement. The attachment section can, for example, have a screw dome for attaching the cover element to the vehicle and/or the sensor arrangement. The second injection-molded component also forms a sealing surface in order to provide a dry area for the sensor element (and possibly other components). The present embodiment makes it possible to eliminate additional fastenings, tolerances and calibration. Furthermore, changes in optical paths of the sensor element can be minimized, since changes due to relative movement/thermal expansion between the sensor element and the cover element, in particular due to the direct attachability of the sensor element to the cover element, can be minimized. The holding section can be designed as an injection-molded component in order to hold and/or overmold the sensor element at least in part. The sensor element can also be arranged directly on the cover element in the injection-molded process itself, for example. This means that interfaces to the seal can be reduced. Furthermore, the installation space required is reduced. This allows for smaller dimensions and seamless integration. Fogging or contamination in an intermediate space can also be prevented, since the intermediate space is hermetically sealed by the 2K injection-molded process. This can enable a dry room or a wet room.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that the first injection-molded component and the second injection-molded component are made of the same material or of different materials, wherein the first injection-molded component and/or the second injection-molded component is/are preferably made of a plastic, in particular a polycarbonate, a polymethyl methacrylate or a cycloolefin copolymer, or of glass.

In addition to the first injection-molded component and the second injection-molded component, the panel element can have further surface components and/or components. The first and second injection-molded components can together preferably form an insert, for example a window, which is inserted into a further surface component of the panel element or is arranged on the panel element. The first and second injection-molded components can also be formed integrally with a further surface component of the panel element.

In the present case, a “two-component injection-molded component” is preferably understood to mean the semi-finished or finished product that is produced by assembling and/or joining and/or injecting the first injection-molded component and the second injection-molded component. The panel element in the present case is therefore a component that is made from two different components. The 2K injection molding process, also referred to as a two-component injection molding process or 2K injection molding, is preferably an injection molding technique in which two plastic components or materials are combined in a single injection molding cycle. It enables the production of components or products that consist of two different or the same materials and/or have different properties. The process is carried out using a special injection molding machine that has two separate injection units. Each unit is equipped with its own screw and nozzle. The two components, often differently colored plastics or materials with different physical properties, are prepared in the two units. The injection molding process preferably takes place in several steps: First, the first injection molded component is injected into the mold and then the mold is opened to make room for the second injection molded component. The second injection molded component is then injected, joining with the already existing first injection molded component. The mold is cooled and the finished part is removed. The 2K injection molding process offers several advantages, including the ability to produce complex parts with different surface structures or material combinations. It also enables more efficient manufacturing, as parts with different functions or properties can be produced in a single step instead of having to join separate parts together. This leads to cost savings, improved product quality and reduced production times.

In a further aspect, it is proposed that two optical elements are integrated in the aperture element, wherein one of the two optical elements is designed to manipulate a field of view of a transmitter of a sensor element, and wherein another of the two optical elements, in particular independently of the one of the two optical elements, is designed to manipulate a field of view of a receiver of the sensor element.

In a further aspect, a sensor arrangement for a motor vehicle is claimed, comprising a sensor element which emits and/or detects electromagnetic radiation in at least one measuring direction in order to determine a measuring signal, at least one aperture element which is arranged in front of the sensor element in the at least one measuring direction and which is permeable to the electromagnetic radiation. The aperture element preferably forms a see-through area through which the at least one sensor element can send and/or receive the electromagnetic radiation. The sensor element is preferably arranged relative to and/or on the aperture element in such a way that it looks through it. The sensor element is particularly preferably designed to emit and/or receive the measuring signal in the measuring direction. The measuring direction defines in particular a main measuring direction which, in the case of an optical measuring element, preferably corresponds to an optical axis. The measuring direction preferably defines a main cone axis around which a conical detection field opens up starting from the sensor element. A cone opening angle is preferably sensor-specific and can be manipulated, in particular enlarged or reduced, by means of the at least one optical element, for example a lens. The at least one sensor element is preferably at least a part of an environment sensor, in particular a lidar sensor and/or a radar sensor and/or a camera sensor and/or a multi-camera sensor and/or an ultrasonic sensor and/or the like.

In principle, the sensor element can also comprise an antenna or a light emission module. Lidar sensors operate, for example, in a wavelength range of 905 nm or also of around 1550 nm. The material of the aperture element, which preferably forms a see-through area through which the lidar sensor looks, is preferably transparent for the wavelength range used by the environment sensor and is therefore selected depending on the wavelength(s) used by the environment sensor. A field of view of the environment sensor preferably extends in the form of a cone with a sensor-specific cone opening angle symmetrically around the optical axis of the environment sensor.

In order to protect the cover element from damage and wear, in an expedient embodiment of the sensor arrangement according to the invention it is provided with a protective coating on its outside facing the vehicle environment. The protective coating can consist of a paint system applied in one or two layers that offers protection against scratches, weather and/or chemicals. The paint system used can be thermally curing or can be a paint system that cures using UV radiation. It is conceivable that the paint system is applied using a spraying process or a flood coating process. The protective coating preferably has a refractive index that is lower than that of the injection-molded plastic material of the cover element. This can improve the transmission behavior of the cover element.

The sensor arrangement according to the invention can in principle be arranged at any location on a motor vehicle and/or a roof module and can be designed for different purposes. For example, the sensor arrangement is integrated in a vehicle roof, in particular in a roof module by which the vehicle roof is formed at least in part, and thus preferably forms part of a system for autonomous or semi-autonomous driving of the vehicle in question. In this case, the panel element preferably forms an outer skin element of the vehicle roof, that is to say in particular a fixed roof section that is immovable relative to the vehicle body. However, it is also conceivable that the sensor arrangement is arranged in the manner of a dome on a vehicle roof and/or the roof module. is arranged. The cover element then forms at least one component of a housing of the sensor arrangement, which accommodates the sensor element. The motor vehicle and/or the roof module can particularly preferably comprise several sensor arrangements and/or several cover elements. In an alternative embodiment, the cover element forms an outer skin element of a vehicle front or a vehicle rear. The sensor arrangement can then also be part of a distance keeping system, a parking assistant and/or another safety device of the vehicle in question.

In a further aspect, a roof module for forming a vehicle roof on a motor vehicle is proposed, which comprises a surface component which at least partially forms a roof skin of the vehicle roof, which functions as an outer sealing surface of the roof module, and at least one sensor arrangement according to any embodiment of the invention.

It is understood that the embodiments and examples mentioned above and to be explained below can be designed not only individually, but also in any combination with one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is also understood that the embodiments and examples mentioned above and to be explained below relate in an equivalent or at least similar manner to all embodiments of the invention, without each being mentioned separately.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Dachmodul und einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoranordnung;
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements;
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements;
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements;
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements;
• 6 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements; und
• 7 eine schematische Ansicht einer Sensoranordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel des vorliegenden Blendenelements.

Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings and are explained below by way of example. They show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with a roof module and an embodiment of the sensor arrangement;
• 2 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element;
• 3 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element;
• 4 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element;
• 5 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element;
• 6 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element; and
• 7 a schematic view of a sensor arrangement with an embodiment of the present aperture element.

In 1 a vehicle roof 100 of a motor vehicle 1000 is shown. A roof module 10 is arranged on a vehicle body 102, in particular on a body roof frame 104 of the vehicle body 102. The roof module 10 comprises a surface component 11, which at least in some areas forms a roof skin of the vehicle roof 100, which functions as an outer sealing surface of the roof module 10. The surface component 11 is, for example, an injection molded part made from a plastic material or a glass, in the present case from a polycarbonate material.

The roof module 10 further comprises at least one sensor arrangement 16. The sensor arrangement 16 comprises a cover element 18, which preferably forms part of a sensor housing 19 in which a sensor element 20 is arranged. The cover element 18 is preferably part of the sensor housing 19 or arranged on it. In other embodiments, the cover element 18 can also cover an opening in the surface component 11, preferably in a moisture-tight manner. The cover element 18 forms a viewing area, in particular a window through which the sensor element 20 looks through. In the present case, the sensor element 20 is a lidar sensor that emits laser light in a vehicle longitudinal direction x and receives reflected laser light from the vehicle's surroundings back through the viewing area. The laser light preferably passes through the aperture element 18 in the form of electromagnetic signals. The lidar sensor is designed to send and/or receive the electromagnetic signals and to evaluate them, for example, by an evaluation device in such a way that a detected vehicle environment can be reconstructed from them. The vehicle longitudinal direction x is aligned orthogonally to a vehicle width direction y. Other sensor elements 20, for example a camera (see 3 ) can be used.

The aperture element 18 has, as a 2 to 7 shown, at least one optical element 21, wherein the aperture element 18 is manufactured by an injection molding process, by means of which the at least one optical element 21 is integrated in the aperture element 18. The at least one optical element 21 is designed to manipulate a field of view 22 of the sensor element 20. In the field of view 22, for example, an object 23, for example a vehicle, and detected by the sensor element 20. The optical element 21 may comprise an optical lens. In the case of 3 the optical element 21 is a fisheye lens. The aperture element 18 can in such a case be arranged, for example, in a lateral area of the motor vehicle 1000, so that the sensor element 20, in the case of 3 a camera, for example, can capture a field of view (extending around the vehicle width direction y) to the side of the vehicle.

The at least one optical element 21 can be prefabricated from a first material and the aperture element 18 can be manufactured from a second material by the injection molding process, wherein the optical element 21 is preferably inserted into the aperture element 18 and thereby integrated into the aperture element 18, wherein the first and the second material are the same or different. The first and/or the second material can comprise at least one of a polycarbonate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a cycloolefin copolymer and a glass.

According to the 4 and 5 the panel element 18 can have a first injection-molded component 24 and a second injection-molded component 25 and thus be designed as a two-component injection-molded component 26.

According to 4 the second injection molding component 25 forms an outer visible surface and a sealing surface of the cover element 18. Thus, the second injection molding component 25 forms an outer visible surface and a sealing surface of the sensor arrangement 16. The second injection molding component 25 is further configured to restrict a respective transmission and detection field of view 27, 28 of the sensor element 20 along a restriction axis 29. In 4 the aperture element 18 has two optical elements 30, 31, each of which is integrated into the aperture element 18 by injection molding. The two different fields of view 27, 28 can be provided by the two optical elements 30, 31.

According to 5 the first injection-molded component 24 forms an outer visible surface and sealing surface of the cover element 18, into which the at least one optical element 21 is integrated. The second injection-molded component 25 has at least one attachment section 32 for attaching, for example screwing, the cover element 18 to the sensor arrangement 16 and/or the motor vehicle 1000. Furthermore, the second injection-molded component 25 has at least one holding section 33 for holding at least one sensor element 20, in particular the sensor housing 19. The sensor housing 19 further comprises a sealing section 34 through which an electrical connection 35, in particular a cable or a cable harness, of the sensor element 20 can be passed in a moisture-tight manner. The attachment section 32 and/or the holding section 33 is/are formed integrally with the second injection-molded component 25. The holding section 33 and the sensor housing 19 form a dry region 36, which is particularly hermetically sealed and is separated from a wet or dry region 37.

According to the 6 and 7 the cover element 18 has at least one attachment section 32 for attaching the cover element 18 to the sensor arrangement 16 and/or to the motor vehicle 1000. Furthermore, the cover element 18 has at least one holding section 33 for holding the sensor element 20. The attachment section 32 and the holding section 33 are formed integrally with the cover element. The further statements in this regard apply to the 6 and 7 accordingly.

The aperture element 18 has according to 6 two optical elements 38, 39. The optical elements 38, 39 are each designed as spherical optical lenses. One of the two optical elements 38 is designed to manipulate a field of view 40 of a transmitter 41 of the sensor element 20. The transmitter 41 is in 6 a flash laser. Another of the two optical elements 39 is designed, in particular independently of the one of the two optical elements 38, to manipulate a field of view 42 of a receiver 43 of the sensor element 20. The receiver 43 can be a 2D array, for example. Furthermore, the sensor element 20 comprises 6 a MUI sensor 44 (telemetry sensor).

7 differs from 6 in that a position of the transmitter 41 and a position of the receiver 43 are swapped within the sensor element 20. As a result, the fields of view 40, 42 are also swapped. In this embodiment, the transmitter 41 comprises a laser 45 and a mirror 46. The sensor element 20 further comprises a MEMS sensor 47 (MEMS - micro-electromechanical system).

List of reference symbols

10

Roof module

11

Surface component

16

Sensor arrangement

18

Aperture element

19

Sensor housing

20

Sensor element

21

optical element

22

Field of view

23

object

24

first injection molded component

25

second injection molding component

26

Two-component injection-molded component

27

Field of view

28

Field of view

29

Restriction axis

30

optical element

31

optical element

32

Mounting section

33

Holding section

34

Sealing section

35

Connection

36

Dry area

37

Wet or dry area

38

optical element

39

optical element

40

Field of view

41

Sender

42

Field of view

43

Recipient

44

MUI sensor

45

Laser

46

Mirror

47

MEMS sensor

100

Vehicle roof

102

Vehicle body

104

Body roof frame

1000

Motor vehicle

x

Vehicle longitudinal direction

y

Vehicle width direction

Claims (15)

Aperture element (18) for a sensor arrangement (16), comprising at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39), wherein the aperture element (18) is produced by an injection molding process by means of which the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is integrated into the aperture element (18), wherein the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is designed to manipulate a field of view (22, 27, 28, 40, 42) of a sensor element (20). Aperture element according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) has an optical lens, in particular an optical fisheye lens. Aperture element according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is prefabricated from a first material and the diaphragm element (18) is manufactured from a second material by the injection molding process, wherein the optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is preferably inserted into the diaphragm element (18) and thereby integrated into the diaphragm element (18), wherein the first and the second material are the same or different. Aperture element according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the aperture element (18) is made from an injection-molded material by an injection-molded process, and that the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is made directly from the injection-molded material and forms an integral part of the aperture element (18). Aperture element according to Claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that the first and/or the second material or the injection molding material comprises at least one of a polycarbonate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a cycloolefin copolymer and a glass. Aperture element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aperture element (18) has at least in some regions a light filter for a sensor element (20) and/or a visual filter. Aperture element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aperture element (18) has at least one attachment section (32) for attaching the aperture element (18) to a sensor arrangement (16) and/or to a motor vehicle (1000) and/or that the aperture element (18) has at least one holding section (33) for holding at least one sensor element (20). Aperture element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aperture element (18) has a first injection-molded component (24) and a second injection-molded component (25) and is designed as a two-component injection-molded component (26), wherein the first injection-molded component (24) has an outer visible surface of the aperture element (18) into which the at least one optical element (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is integrated, or wherein the second injection-molded component (25) forms an outer visible surface of the aperture element (18) and is designed to restrict a field of view of the sensor element (20). Cover element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second injection-molded component (25) has at least one attachment section (32) for attaching the cover element (18) to a sensor arrangement (16) and/or to a motor vehicle (1000) and/or that the second injection-molded component (25) has at least one holding section (33) for holding at least one sensor element (20) and/or that the second injection-molded component (25) has a sealing surface for sealing at least part of the sensor arrangement (16). Aperture element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first injection-molded component (24) and the second injection-molded component (25) are made from the same material or from different materials, wherein the first injection-molded component (24) and/or the second injection-molded component (25) is/are preferably made from a plastic, in particular a polycarbonate, a polymethyl methacrylate or a cycloolefin copolymer, or from glass. Aperture element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two optical elements (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) are integrated in the aperture element (18), wherein one of the two optical elements (21, 30, 31, 38, 39) is designed to manipulate a field of view of a transmitter (41) of a sensor element (20), and wherein another of the two optical elements (21, 30, 31, 38, 39), in particular independently of the one of the two optical elements (21, 30, 31, 38, 39), is designed to manipulate a field of view of a receiver (43) of the sensor element (20). Sensor arrangement (16) for a motor vehicle (1000), comprising a sensor element (20) which is designed to emit and/or detect electromagnetic radiation in at least one measuring direction in order to determine a measuring signal, and at least one diaphragm element (18) according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 which is arranged in front of the sensor element (20) in the at least one measuring direction and which is permeable to the electromagnetic radiation. Sensor arrangement according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the panel element (18) is an outer skin element of a vehicle roof (100) and/or a vehicle front and/or a vehicle rear. Roof module (10) for forming a vehicle roof (100) on a motor vehicle (1000) with a surface component (11) which at least partially forms a roof skin of the vehicle roof (100), and at least one sensor arrangement (16) according to Claim 12 or 13 . Motor vehicle (1000), comprising a vehicle body (102), a sensor arrangement (16) according to Claim 12 or 13 and/or a roof module (10) according to Claim 14 which is arranged as a pre-assembly unit on the vehicle body (102).

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