DE202012006328U1 - Device for program-controlled fractionation of recycled material - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for program-controlled fractionation of recycling material by means of a transportable system, having the following features: a) a means of transport (17, 20, 22) for changing the position of the overall system, b) a plurality of sieve structures (7, 5) with rotatable sieve rollers (8, 6) with a large number of sieve roller blades (26) for conveying material to be screened for fractionation processes, c) a large number of means for adjusting the sieving parameters of the sieve structures (7, 5), the main thing being the adjustment of the inclination of each sieve structure (19, 30) is infinitely adjustable, the rotation speed of the screen rollers (8, 6) separately and infinitely adjustable) is possible separately, d) a variety of conveyor belts (3, 11, 16, 18, 21, 38) for transport of fractionation material, the speed of which can also be set separately and continuously, e) a control device for setting different function parameters for different fractions programs

Description

The present invention relates to a device for fully automatic controlled fractionation of recycled material.

As a result of declining landfill capacity, increased environmental awareness and dwindling natural resources, material recycling has become an important industry. Many industries and communities have introduced recycling programs for recyclable materials on a voluntary or statutory basis. Waste or garbage from companies or residential areas is often a combination of various recyclable materials. When such waste is sent to a processing center, these materials are often mixed into a heterogeneous mass of material. The constituents of such material masses usually consist of paper, cardboard, aluminum packaging, plastic articles, glass containers and garden waste.

In order to separate streams of mixed recyclable materials into corresponding streams or accumulations of similar or consistent materials, disk screens are increasingly used in the form of a plurality of rotating, frame-mounted, disc-shaped shafts. Here, in principle, the disks mounted on each shaft rotate in spaces formed by the spatially offset disks of the respective adjacent shaft. In addition to this basic concept, the disks can be displaced on the shafts and thus release size-adjustable openings, the disks having an irregular outer profile which transports the recyclable material along the longitudinal axis of the disk screen. The size of each set on the disc screen openings between the edges of the discs determines the size of the material that falls through the sieve during transport and thus sorted out.

The prior art is in the DE 44 30 682 A2 a disk screen described. This sieve consists of arranged on shafts discs, in particular of polygonal circumference, which are offset from shaft to shaft and engage in each other and are driven by a shaft engaging the drive in the same direction of rotation, wherein the passage width of the screen by the distance between the interlocking Slices is determined. This disc screen is characterized by the fact that the discs have projecting lateral projections in the said distance. The object of this measure is to prevent such a screen of sticky screenings, such as moist earth materials, is added.

From the EP 1 106 264 A2 is a sieve for waste sorting known with several waves, which are arranged on each shaft in the lateral distance from each other arranged discs. Between the discs are cylindrical tubes which are freely movable on the shafts, with a diameter which is greater than that of the shafts and smaller than that of the discs. By this on the waves freely movably arranged pipes waste of urban waste, such as in bags contained therein, a winding around the rollers and thus clogging should be prevented.

A similar task lies in the DE 10 2005 018 995 C5 known disk screen based. Here, a disc screen is claimed in claim 1 with at least one shaft, arranged on the shaft disks and arranged between the discs on the shaft casing tube bodies, which are arranged exclusively radially displaceable on the shaft. Here, the discs are arranged rigidly on the shaft and the tubular casing body in its axial extension flush with the discs. As a characteristic of this Scheibensieb has the feature that the casing tube body are mounted elastically on the shaft.

From the EP 2 233 217 A2 For example, a device and a method for separating material are known in which a device with the following basic concept can be derived from the claims.

An apparatus for separating material into a plurality of material fractions comprising a pulp screen having a material transfer material therefrom extending from a pulp screen end to a pulp screen end, for providing a first fraction as a screen fraction below the pulp screen and a second fraction of the deposited material as an oversize fraction at the pulp screen end wherein an oblique position of the disk screen for providing a third fraction of the applied material is provided as an oversize fraction at Scheibensiebanfang.

Essentially, this device has the characteristic that the oblique position of the disc screen is variably adjustable, that a form-locking connection is provided between each disc and the associated shaft and means for securing the disc during the operation of the device. Furthermore, claimed in this document as a characteristic that at least one receiving space for accommodating an unnecessary number of discs is provided, and that the discs are axially displaceable.

A uniform task, which can be assigned to these three characteristic groups of characteristics together, can not be inferred from this document.

Also from the EP 2 329 891 A1 discloses an apparatus and method for separating material into a plurality of material fractions, comprising a disc screen for providing a first fraction as a screen fraction below the disc screen, the disc screen extending in a direction of travel in a transverse direction of the device with an incline upwardly to provide a second fraction as an oversize fraction at the other transverse end of the disc screen, and wherein the disc screen extends transversely to its transport direction in a longitudinal direction of the device from a material feed area with a downward slope, and / or by a suitable design of discs of the disc screen material transport also transverse to its transport direction provides for providing a third fraction as an oversize fraction at a longitudinal end of the disc screen. In this case, the characteristic content of claim 2 can be recognized as a characteristic feature, namely that the number and / or arrangement of disks on a respective shaft of the disk screen is variable.

As a further characteristic feature can be determined in claim 3, that a positive connection between each disc and the associated shaft is provided and that, according to the essential feature of claim 4, a receiving space for accommodating unneeded discs is formed. This document essentially corresponds to the feature content of EP 2 233 217 A2 ,

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for the automated separation of recycled material that allow for the particular application, a largely programmatic fractionation of the recycled material, without manual mechanical changes to be made and lengthy remodeling.

This object is achieved by the device according to claim 1.

The device according to the invention will be described in more detail below.

They show in detail:

1 : Side views of the device according to the invention

2 : a schematic representation of the screen rollers and treadmills

3 : the fractionation process for organic waste

3a : the fractionation process for garden waste

3b : the fractionation process in rhizomes with stone material

4 : a top view of a screen roller setting, smallest grain size

5 : A top view of a screen roller setting, mean grain size

6 : a top view of a screen roller setting, largest grain size

7 : a top view of a screen roller setting, cleaning process

7a : the cleaning effect of rubber roller blocks

8th : three different types of screen rollers

The 1 shows side views of the device according to the invention.

In the following, the left side view, which is not very clear because of the necessarily crowded representation is described.

As a mobile subset of this device, a LkW chassis is shown in this figure. Of course, any other mobile or stationary, suitable for the load, subset can be used. On such a pedestal, each corresponding to a particular design, a variety of sieve structures and conveyor belts installed, which cause the separation of the respective fractions and transport them to the desired collection points. The basic operating principle of such sieve structures and conveyor belts is in the 2 explained. Although only one primary screen and one fine screen are described here, the functional principle presented here can be applied to a plurality of screen structures.

In the 1 is here on the left side of the discharge of a 1st lightweight faction 3 and a 2nd light fraction 1 to recognize. As a second light fraction here is an example of the discharge 21 a fine screening closer. For closer observation or detection of this Feinsiebguts the device is used 2 , To observe the primary screening of the applied recycled material is a device 4 Installed. Such devices for detection or observation can exist in a simple form in cameras with appropriate screens. For the observation of special types of recycling material, appropriate detection means are available to the person skilled in the art.

The basic frame for holding the screen structure in the form of the screen rollers 6 the fine screen device, is with 5 characterized. Analogously, the basic frame 7 with his lifting device 19 for supporting the screen structure of a primary screen device in the form of screen rollers 8th designated.

Accordingly, the process of primary screening by a device 9 controlled to detect the primary fractionation process.

The example of the processing of greenery is in the 1 an entry funnel 12 for green material, from which this green material on a conveyor belt 11 on the screen rollers 8th the primary screen device. The monitoring of this process is a device 10 , To carry out the maintenance of the area around the entry funnel 12 is a lifting device 13 intended. A clutch 14 for the installation of the entry funnel 12 and facilities 15 for lifting and moving the carriage chassis, the chassis 17 and the controller 20 with the operating units, complete the overall system. A discharge 16 for a 1st heavy fraction can be seen on this side view, as well as a conveyor belt 18 for the fine sieve.

The right side view in the 1 shows a narrow side of the device according to the invention.

In the longitudinal extent here are the discharge 21 the fine screening and the discharge 16 to see the 1st Heavy Group. The discharge 3 and the discharge 1 the 1st and 2nd light factions can be seen from the front in this view. A transverse view 22 the chassis complements this presentation.

The 2 shows a schematic representation of the screen rollers and treadmills. The reverse skew, in relation to the representation in the 1 , is chosen because of the more pleasing presentation

Centrally located in the 2 the basic frame 7 with his lifting device 19 for supporting the screen structure of the primary screen device in the form of screen rollers 8th to recognize. This primary sieve device can by means of a rotary joint 28 be adjusted in their inclination. Above the location of the screen rollers 8th is stylized twice the decor 9 to detect the primary fractionation process. This device 9 is in principle at each point of the entire considered roll arrangement movable, or may be configured in such a way that by means of a plurality of detection means a mobility is no longer necessary. The type of detection means used depends on the nature and design of the primary material to be observed.

Such detection means may in the simplest case be optical detection devices, such as cameras for detecting a wide range of light frequencies, and / or different sensors, such as metal detectors or temperature sensors or, in particular, sensors for detecting radioactive radiation.

In this area, also novel light field cameras can be used, in which an image is captured and stored by means of a plurality of tiny mini-lenses, whereby only at a later time the image can be made according to your own choice and special specifications. As a special application of such a system also the soil investigation in the archaeological area or in the criminal work is conceivable.

The entry of the primary fraction of the recycled material takes place by means of the conveyor belt 11 , this conveyor belt 11 from the conveyor belt 38 the feed hopper is fed and can be moved over the entire length of the primary screen device, as shown by the double arrow drawn at the appropriate place.

An institution 10 to detect a special greenery entry is added here. The entry funnel 12 is shown stylized.

The discharge of the first heavy fraction at the primary screen device takes place at the lower end of the primary screen by means of the conveyor belt 16 because the corresponding constituents accumulate at the bottom according to the law of gravity. The material components screened out by the primary screen device fall on a fine screen device.

The spatially arranged below the Primärsieb device Feinsieb device with its base frame 5 and their screen rollers 6 is also adjustable in its inclination, like the primary sieve device. It has a corresponding hinge 29 and a lifting device 30 for adjusting the inclination.

The sieved by the Feinsieb device material is by means of a conveyor belt 18 conveyed.

The 3 shows the fractionation process in the presence of organic waste.

The arrangement of the screens and conveyor belts corresponds to the representation as they are in the 2 was shown.

The material entry shown on the left side consists in this example of organic waste 31 , The entry from the entry funnel takes place here again by means of the conveyor belt 38 that the emptying of the entry funnel 12 and the dosage of the supplied material on the conveyor belt 11 serves. The heavy fraction 37 in the area of the primary screen device, this is exemplified in the form of stones, metals and large pieces of wood. Experience has shown that the light fraction in the area of the primary sieve device consists mostly of foils and plastic parts. The primary screening material that falls on the fine screen facility is in the 3 With 34 designated.

The example of the 3 indicated heavy fraction consists of compost material in the field of fine sieve equipment 36 and the light fraction of components such as fine sieve parts, foil shreds or small plastic particles.

The biowaste screened out by means of the fine screen device, here as fine particles 35 shown, is suitable in most cases for the operation of biogas plants.

The 3a shows the fractionation process in garden waste. The garden waste in this case in the entry funnel, usually in the form of wood parts, leaves, grass and foil remnants of old plastic bags, get back on the conveyor belt 38 on the next conveyor belt 11 and from there to the primary screen device with the large screen rollers. Due to their weight, coarser pieces of wood accumulate at the lower end of these screen rollers 40 while at the top usually grass, leaves and mixed foils as main ingredients 41 occur in garden waste. This mixture is subsequently collected again as needed by a device, not shown, and passed through the plant with the grass and small pieces of wood working through the screen and the lighter sheets appearing and separating in heaped form at the top of the screen rolls can be. In the underlying fine filter facility, fine wood components are formed at the lower end of the sieve 42 accumulated and can be separated there, for example with another conveyor belt. The remainder of the garden waste that is filtered through the fine sieve is suitable as biomass for biogas plants and / or as compost.

The 3b shows the fractionation process in the presence of rhizomes with mixed stone material.

The entry funnel in this case is material with the structure designation 44 namely, an accumulation of coarse pieces of wood from chopped rootsticks and other pieces of wood with adherent earth fragments and stones.

At the lower end of the large screen rollers, the stones will accumulate at a certain inclination of the respective sieve, because they have a higher specific gravity than wood. They can be easily removed at these locations. This applies to the big stones according to the position 49 at the lower end of this primary screen, while at the upper end, coarse wood according to position 45 collects. At the bottom of the fine sieve, small stones gather at the bottom 48 while at the top of small pieces of wood can be removed. As screenings of the fine screen results in this case, a mixture of wood flour and soil according to position 47 ,

The 4 shows a plan view of a screen roller setting for the case of the smallest adjustable grain size.

In this 4 For the purpose of further explanation, a detail view of seven parallel arranged screen rollers is shown as part of a roller screen. The example of three rolls 23 is represented by a corresponding double arrow that these screen rollers 23 such are where a means for axial adjustment is provided. Under an axial adjustment is understood here that the drive axles 24 this screen rollers are arranged in the longitudinal axis in position adjustable. In the upper area of the 4 are corresponding Siebwalzenblätter drawn in section. The designation is on the 7 directed.

Each screen roller carries on its peripheral surface a plurality of such parallel stored, a gap-free, annular Siebwalzenblättern whose circumference is designed so that it is as large a resistance at a rotation of the respective screen roller for the recycled material, the recycled material in the direction of rotation of the screen roller conveyed. In the case shown, this is achieved by having each screen roll sheet as a means for further transport of recycled material gear-shaped recesses.

The screen roll sheets of two adjacent screen rolls are arranged so that each screen roll sheet of a screen roll rotates in a gap of two screen roll sheets of the adjacent screen roll. An axial displacement of a screen roller can thus only be carried out to the extent that this is permitted by the space between two screen roller blades of the adjacent screen roller, otherwise the screen roll sheets would touch two adjacent screen rolls and therefore inevitably slow down inadmissible. If a screen roller is displaced axially in the longitudinal axis with respect to its two neighbors to the extent that just does not come into contact with the screen roller blades of the adjacent screen rollers, the gap between two screen roller blades has a maximum width. By such, thus provided, grain size passage opening 25 can then recycled material that falls below its maximum width in size, fall through. That is, the gap between two, in this way with respect to their drive axes 24 arranged sieve rolls acts as a sieve for such small bodies as parts of the recycled material. This represents, therefore, such small components referred to as grain, in this case, the smallest adjustable grain size.

In the 5 Fig. 10 is a plan view of a screen roller setting for the case of an average grain size.

In this case, it can be seen that all the respective screen rollers can be adjusted in their lateral distance from the adjacent screen roller. The maximum distance is given by the fact that two adjacent screen rollers just need to touch with respect to their transport effect, so that the material transport over the total screen is still guaranteed. This results in a larger grain size passage opening than in the case according to the 4 is shown.

The 6 shows a plan view of a screen roller setting for the case of the largest adjustable grain size.

This variant represents a combination of the adjusting possibilities after the 4 and the 5 Here drive axes of the relevant screen rollers can be adjusted both axially and in their parallel distance from one another. Here arises, as from the 6 can be clearly seen, a maximum grain size 25 ,

The 7 shows a plan view of a screen roller adjustment in the case of a cleaning process. This case essentially corresponds to that in the 4 conditions described. The difference to this is that the axial adjustment of corresponding drive axes of Siebwalzentrommeln 27 during operation of the respective roller screen and this adjustment is repeated several times to remove material residues of the recycled material that are attached to the screen roller blades 26 and / or the whale drums 27 have decided to remove. This is caused by the screen rolls sheets 26 and the whale drums rub against each other and thus scrape each other stuck components of the recycled material.

The 7a shows the cleaning effect of special screen roller blades 26 made of rubber.

In this particular form of screen roller blades 26 in the 8th along with other designs, 50 . 51 . 52 , the cleaning effect arises from the fact that the respective whale pulleys 27 are fed to each other and an axial adjustment is made such that the rubber screen discs 52 stand opposite. In this position, the extensions of the rubber screen discs deform 52 upon rotation of the roll drums 27 each other and squeeze each other out the impurities stuck in the foothills.

The options presented above for adjusting parameters apply to all disc sieves considered.

8th shows three different types of screen rolls in terms of their production material.

Metal screen discs 50 have primarily the property to severely cut through the recycled material to be treated and to develop some properties of a milling tool.

Plastic screen discs 51 own more for a softer overall recycled material, which is easier to handle in this way.

Rubber screen discs 52 are intended for applications that are predominantly tacky recycled material that does not adhere to the material rubber.

The screen discs can also taper outward, so have a trapezoidal tooth shape.

For use in certain applications, it is envisaged to have screens available which are completely equipped with the required screen discs and can be replaced as needed.

In a special design, it may be provided that the drive axles 24 of screen rolls individually or in total in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a screening device, ie in the direction of the vertical axis, are adjustable. This can be done alternatively or in addition to the presented types of adjustment. Such an application may be useful in special cases of bulky recycled material or for cleaning purposes.

In a further embodiment, it may be provided that the drive axles 24 of screen rolls are each driven separately by drives. This can be done by means of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drives.

It may also be provided in wide screening devices and / or for special transport problems that the drive axle 24 divided one or more screen rollers and each half is driven separately. This can be extended to three-part screen rollers, with a tubular motor as the drive in the middle. In this way it is possible to transport recycled material on both sides of a screen at a different speed than in the middle. However, any area of a screen may carry the recycled material at different speeds.

The system has a control device for automatically setting different function parameters

The complex control of the described movements requires a special control.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Discharge of the 2nd light fraction

2

Device for detecting fine tissue

3

Discharge of the 1st light fraction

4

Device for the detection of primary screening

5

Basic frame of the fine screen device

6

Screening rollers of the fine screen device

7

Basic frame of the primary screen device

8th

Screen rollers of the primary screen device

9

Device for detecting the primary fractionation process

10

Device for detecting the greenery entry

11

Conveyor belt for the entry of the primary fraction

12

Entry funnel for green waste

13

Lifting device for the entry hopper (maintenance)

14

Coupling for docking of work and transport machines

15

Device for lifting and rolling the carriage

16

Discharge of the 1st heavy fraction

17

chassis

18

Conveyor belt for fine screened goods

19

Lifting device for the base frame 7

20

Control device and operating units

21

Discharge of fine sieving

22

landing gear

23

Screen rollers with means for axial adjustment

24

Drive axles of screen rollers

25

Grain size through opening

26

Sieve roller blade of an axially adjustable roller

27

rolling drum

28

Swivel joint on base frame for primary fractionator

29

Swivel joint on the base frame for fine mesh equipment

30

Lifting device on the fine sieve

31

biowaste

32

Light fraction (foils, plastic)

33

Light fraction (fine sieve, foil shreds, plastic particles)

34

Primary screenings

35

Organic fine material (biogas plants)

36

compost material

37

Heavy fraction (stones, metals, wood)

38

Conveyor belt of the entry funnel

39

Garden waste (wood, grass, leaves, foil remnants)

40

coarser pieces of wood

41

Main components of garden waste (grass, leaves, foil remnants)

42

Wood, fine

43

Biomass (suitable for biogas plants and / or compost)

44

Rhizomes crushed, pieces of wood, stones, earth

45

Wood rough

46

Wood small

47

Wood flour and earth

48

Small stones

49

Big stones

50

Metal screen discs

51

Plastic screen discs

52

Rubber screen discs

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4430682 A2 [0004]
• EP 1106264 A2 [0005]
• DE 102005018995 C5 [0006]
• EP 2233217 A2 [0007, 0012]
• EP 2329891 A1 [0011]

Claims (5)

Device for program-controlled fractionation of recycled material by means of a transportable system, comprising the following features: a) a means of transport ( 17 . 20 . 22 ) for changing the position of the overall plant, b) a plurality of sieve structures ( 7 . 5 ) with rotatable screen rollers ( 8th . 6 ) with a plurality of screen roller blades ( 26 ) for transporting screenings for fractionation processes, c) a variety of means for adjusting screen parameters of screen structures ( 7 . 5 ), in the main the adjustment of the inclination of each sieve structure ( 19 . 30 ) is infinitely adjustable, the adjustment of the rotational speed of the screen rollers ( 8th . 6 ) is separately and steplessly adjustable, and an axial adjustment of screen rollers ( 23 ) is separately possible, d) a plurality of conveyor belts ( 3 . 11 . 16 . 18 . 21 . 38 ) for the transport of Fraktionierungsgut, wherein also their speed is separately and steplessly adjustable, e) a control device for setting different function parameters for different fractionation programs Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sieve structures ( 7 . 5 ) of parallel rotatable screen rollers ( 23 ), whose direction of rotation is preferably the same, and in each case a plurality of comb-like ring-shaped circular roller blades ( 26 ), wherein the screen roll sheets ( 26 ) of adjacent screen rollers ( 23 ) are arranged offset from each other and distributed on the circumference, the material flow promotional entrainment means. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial displacement of screen rollers ( 23 ) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of a screen roller ( 23 ), and / or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the relevant sieve structure ( 7 . 5 ), and / or in the direction of the vertical axis of the relevant sieve structure ( 7 . 5 ). Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the screen rollers ( 23 ) are driven electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more of the screen rollers ( 23 ) are divided in the middle and each sub-roller can be driven separately, whereby a tripartite division is made possible by an additional central roller part is driven by means of a special tubular motor.

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