DE202015009411U1 - Attic stairs in the condition installed in a floor ceiling - Google Patents

Abstract

Attic stairs (1) in the installed in a floor ceiling (2) state, the latter is preferably provided with a thermal insulation (3), - the attic stairs in the basic structure of a feed box (4) aligned perpendicular to the plane formed by the feed box (4) surface Having side walls (5), - one with an edge on a side wall (5) pivotally mounted lid (6), the peripherally peripherally on the side walls (5) comes into abutment in the closed state, - the lid (6) preferably on his Fodder box (4) facing surface (7) is provided with a thermal shield serving insulating plate (8), - the fodder box (4) on the side walls (5) through - and in the floor ceiling (2) engaging screws, bolts or the like ( 13) is fastened such that the end faces of the floor slab (2), optionally with the inclusion of the thermal insulation (3), and the side walls (5) form an installation gap (14), - Area of the lower end face of a sealing strip (15) and / or a Dämmzopf (16) close the mounting eye (14), characterized in that - the Aufaufugeugen (14) starting from the sealing strip (15) and / or Dämmzopf (16) to the Upper edge of the side walls (5) and / or the floor slab (2), optionally with inclusion of the thermal insulation (3), filled with granules (17) and - the granules (17) has a particle diameter of not more than 7 mm.

Description

The invention relates to a attic stairs installed in a floor slab condition, the latter is preferably provided with a thermal insulation according to the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for installing a loft ladder in the floor slab.

One of the most important measures for saving energy is the thermal insulation of buildings. The enormous economic importance is documented by state support measures, which manifest themselves in tax depreciation and / or financial subsidies. Because of the upwardly directed convection of heat, in a building a high proportion of the heat energy escapes through the roof, i. H. through the sloping roof in a pitched roof or through the top ceiling of a flat roof building. In the insulation of pitched roofs, basically two different systems can be distinguished. One way is to install in the rafters the thermal insulation, which has the great advantage that the roof is expandable and can be used as attic apartment. In the alternatives, the top floor is insulated, so that the area of the roof gable must be omitted for residential purposes. An insulation of the floor slab offers the possibility to realize the desired thermal insulation with much smaller and also more comfortable to be attached Dämmmaterial. Recently, regulations have been adopted and tightened up that set the minimum requirements for thermal insulation, with the trend becoming more stringent. As a result, the thickness of the insulating material has to be chosen to be ever larger, so that thicknesses of the insulation material of up to half a meter must now be used for new buildings.

To ensure the accessibility of the top floor ceiling, regardless of the selected thermal insulation system at least one attic stairs is embedded in the top floor ceiling. In practice, the insulation in the area of the attic stairs proves to be a weak point. For example, a survey among construction experts, here VQC experts, according to the most common construction defects led to the result that ranked 4th in the top ranking of the most common construction defects is the false staircase installed and gives rise to the leakage of heat and moisture.

On this basis, the invention has taken on the task of substantially improving the thermal insulation of the system floor ceiling with attic stairs located therein.

This object is achieved in that the installation gap, starting from the sealing strip and / or Dämmzopf up to the upper edge of the side walls and / or the floor ceiling, optionally with the inclusion of thermal insulation, with granules ( 17 ) and the granules have a maximum particle diameter of 7 mm.

The term "floor stairs" is to be construed broadly in the context of the invention and includes not only, as could be defined in the strict sense, those variable stair systems in which the stairs can move relative to a lid, but otherwise the staircase is rigidly attached, so that after completion of the pushing movement of the lid can be closed together with the stairs.

In common parlance, these stair systems are also referred to as jerk-and-go stairs. In addition, the term "floor stairs" but also such stair systems are to be understood in which the stairs are folded before closing (folding staircase) or with a scissors mechanism relative to the lid can be moved (scissor staircase). It should be expressly clarified that the attic staircase according to the invention also includes such configurations in which the ladder does not have to be rigidly fastened. In some states, it is common practice not to rigidly connect the ladder with the attic stairs or their lid, but to thread a rigid ladder into the attic staircase after opening the lid or to place it loosely on the lid. To close the ladder is removed from the area of the attic stairs and optionally supplied to another use, so that then the lid and in the wake of which the attic stairs can be closed. Even those floor stairs with "loose" stairs are expressly to be regarded as belonging to the scope of the invention.

In a special construction, the known from the prior art floor stairs consist of a transportable and multi-part unit consisting on the one hand of the actual staircase, which consists of two horizontally spaced apart longitudinal beams and therebetween usually equidistantly arranged steps. The stalks are each attached to the lid by means of at least two supports, wherein the distance staircase and lid is selected so that the desired and to be introduced thermal insulation material on the lid comes to lie between them.

The lid is pivotally connected in the region of one end face with the substantially rectangular-shaped fodder box, wherein the Dimensions are selected so that the lid completely closed in the closed state, ie in a horizontal orientation of the chuck box. To facilitate and support the pivotal movement of the lid up and (partial) compensation of its own weight usually power-assisted lever linkage between the casing and the lid are arranged. The assembly, which has just been described in its essential structural principles, is placed on the market as a whole and fitted in the corresponding opening in the storey ceiling by means of on-site installation. For this purpose, the side walls which describe the rectangular chuck box and which run perpendicular to the cover in the closed state are screwed to the floor slab via a plurality of screw connections which are perpendicular thereto, ie substantially horizontally running. For the installation and installation of the attic stairs, it is essential that a certain distance must be present as a game between the installation opening in the floor ceiling and the outer dimensions of the box. A seal, which has the purpose to produce a heat insulation and to prevent the circulation of air, takes place in such a way that an elastic Dämmzopf is introduced into the mounting eye circumferentially from below and then from the bottom by means of a sealing tape, the mounting tube is closed. The Dämmzopf consists of a in the unloaded state a generally round cross-section having elastic band which rests positively after insertion both on the floor slab and on the outer surface of the chuck box, which has a deformation of Dämmzopfes with respect to the cross section result. The task of the sealing tape is to contribute to the prevention of air circulation between heated and unheated space within the installation gap.

It is a merit of the present invention to have recognized that the installation situation known from the prior art represents the decisive weak point with regard to the optimization of the thermal insulation of the building. The installation gap starts from the top of the insulated floor slab, possibly including the heat insulation applied to the floor slab from above, ie the top side facing the roof truss, and extends between the thermal insulation resting on the top of the floor slab and the outside dimensions of the chute box that the cold of the roof can reach the Dämmzopf unhindered. After the Dämmzopf is introduced for assembly reasons usually only a small distance in the mounting groove from below, the cooling flow taking place through the mounting seam ends at the level of the floor slab. Due to their low insulation capacity, the cold reaches and reaches the interior via the floor slab. It thus creates a conditional by the installation cold bridge. This has been determined by the invention as a crucial weak point in the thermal insulation of a floor ceiling equipped with a floor level.

In addition to the analysis of the weak points of isolation, remedial measures are proposed in a further step. The invention is contrary to the conventional ideas, which consist in reducing the deterioration of the thermal insulation caused by the attic stairs in that the attic stairs itself is improved in their thermal insulation, which usually happens by the lid on its surface with a Provide heat insulation layer, if necessary, this is increased. These measures were recognized as having little success, since the heat exchange takes place mainly over the area of the installation gap. Thus, the invention differs fundamentally from the path taken so far and shows a much more efficient way to increase the thermal insulation.

The installation of the attic stairs in the corresponding opening of the floor ceiling in the usual way, d. H. the feed box is inserted into the opening and then fixed over parallel to the median plane of the floor ceiling extending bolts, screws or the like. The necessarily existing mounting eye is closed at its lower end face, which can be done in the conventional manner by introducing a Dämmzopf and / or the downwardly facing end face is closed by a sealing tape. In the context of the invention, however, the closure can take place on one of the two alternatives, namely without or exclusively by the use of a Dämmzopfes.

To solve the problem posed, a volume of granules, whose particle diameter is a maximum of 7 millimeters, is introduced into the volume defined between the outer surface of the casing and the opposite surface defined by the boundary of the insulating material and the floor slab, which defines the installation gap. The filling takes place up to such a height that a flat finish with the top of the insulating material and possibly also the upper end face of the chuck box takes place. The granules have the advantage that it completely fills the cavity of the mounting tube, no cavities can remain and the screws extending through the mounting eye possibly also encloses spacers such as wooden blocks on all sides. As a result, one obtains a volume completely filled by the granules, which, viewed in terms of its height, starts from the underside of the insulating braid or from the lower surface of the storey deck, provided that a sealing tape has been applied there and subsequently at the top to the completion of Dämmmaterialschicht and thus the end face of the chuck box extends. The lateral / horizontal boundary of the volume takes place, on the one hand, through the end face of the floor slab facing the installation opening of the attic staircase and through the end face of the insulating material thereon on one side and opposite through the outer surfaces of the side walls of the box box. An inflow and penetration of the mounting tube with cold air is then excluded with certainty. An essential aspect is that the upper areas of the mounting gap, ie where a certain penetration of the cold air could be possible, a lateral flow in the direction of the thermal insulation material is largely prevented. In the context of the solution according to the invention, an essential difference from the prior art, in which the cold air can penetrate to the level of the floor slab, is that a penetration of the cold air is compared to the thermal insulation little thermally insulating floor slab is prevented and thus the formation of a Cold bridge is prevented.

The invention has deliberately not embarked on the way to foam out the area of the mounting groove in the manner known from the construction industry. This would have significant consequences, namely, that the foam material after several years becomes porous and thus loses its tightness. On the other hand, that is possible for different reasons relative movements between the feed box and floor slab or thermal insulation of the foam is not carried, but separates from the adjacent outer surfaces, so that air chambers form. In addition, the second problem is that the generally narrow and high joints can not be completely filled with foam. In contrast, the use of granules is superior.

In one conceivable alternative, the installation tube is stuffed with insulating wool. Difficulties exist in two ways: Firstly, it is necessary that the introduction of the insulating wool happens in this way that the attachment serving and the mounting eye by far bolts and screws to avoid cavities are surrounded on all sides, which can not be done reliably, and the other problem is that, taking into account the thickness of the thermal insulation of up to half a meter, the mounting seam can easily be over a total height, i. H. Thickness of the thermal insulation plus thickness of the floor ceiling, more than half a meter must be stuffed. As a result, it is almost insoluble problems to close the tray completely with the exclusion of any voids with insulating wool. Both of the above-described and identified ways offer no assurance that the attachments, such as screws and the like and distance fuses, such as wooden blocks are enclosed on all sides and arise within the gap no voids.

Advantageous developments of the invention, which can be implemented individually or in combination, are shown in the subclaims. It is understood that the definitions and embodiments of the above terms apply to all aspects described below in this specification, unless otherwise specified.

In an expedient development of the transition between the lower end face of the chuck box is designed towards the lid so that the side walls on its downwardly facing end face, which is the contact surface, is formed stepwise and dimensioned in such a way that in the first, after down to arranged level of the lid comes to rest on the edge. In the second from the front side further up to, d. H. towards the center of the feed box indicative stage, the insulating located on the lid comes to rest. It is recommended that seals are attached to both contact surfaces. In this way, an air cushion is included in the closed state of the lid, which is formed on two adjacent sides by the Futterkasten, the third side of the outer edge of the lid with its inwardly facing surface and the remaining fourth side of the end face of the insulating plate of the lid. The enclosed air cushion is circumferentially continuous and self-contained and forms a highly effective thermal insulation.

The top of the joint is recommended to be closed with an elastic band or a round cord or a Dämmzopf. By this measure is ensured as an important consideration that the granules remain in the joint and not with appropriate external influences such as air currents, mechanical effects or the like. is transported out of the mounting box.

The granulate is preferably made of expanded polystyrene, which is obtained by foaming plastic granules. Due to the swelling of the thermoplastic base material by twenty to fifty times, polystyrene foam particles with high thermal insulation capability are formed. The styrene may be treated in such a way or altered by additives that it is hydrophobic and / or antistatic. These measures prevent the absorption of moisture, which would result in a deterioration of the heat insulation ability and on the other hand it facilitates the filling of the granules in the joint, which could be difficult due to electrostatic charges.

The individual granule particle is ultimately arbitrary in its structure, d. H. the cross-section of the granules could be homogeneous, i. H. a material or material mixture optionally with various additives, from which the granules themselves are produced.

In a possible alternative, the individual granule particle has a core of a certain material and a surrounding surface as a shell, which is of a different material, which was chosen such that the individual granular particle has the desired properties. The cross section of the individual particle is then inhomogeneous.

The introduction of the granules can be done in different ways. This allows the granulate to be poured into the installation tube. In order to facilitate the work is recommended here to use hopper whose diameter is at least in one direction is less than or equal to the width of the mounting tube. The funnel is placed, the granules are poured in and continue along the installation gap while continuing to refill the funnel until the installation space is completely filled.

In an alternative way of filling the installation gap with the material described above, the granules could be introduced by means of a blowing process. With the above-described materials, small-sized injection openings are already sufficient in order to fill up the entire volume in the desired manner with granules.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment in conjunction with the subclaims. In this case, the respective features can be implemented on their own or in combination with one another. The invention is not limited to the embodiments. The embodiments are shown schematically in the figures. The same reference numerals in the individual figures designate the same or functionally identical or with respect to their function corresponding elements.

Show it:

1 a attic stairs before the installation according to the invention in the floor ceiling

2 the transition area between attic and floor ceiling as a detail

1 shows a loft ladder of conventional construction, which is intended to be introduced as a structural unit in a corresponding opening in a floor ceiling. The floor stairs shown 1 consists in its basic structure of the feed box 4 , which is essentially a rectangle of four side walls 5 which is perpendicular to that of the food box 4 aligned plane. The through the feed box 4 described opening is via a pivotally mounted lid 6 lockable, for this purpose, with its upper edge area here with one of the side walls 5 , in the drawing, the back of the chuck box 4 represents pivotally connected. The dimensions are chosen so that the lid 6 in the closed state on all sides revolving on the end faces of the side walls 5 rests. On the to the food box 4 pointing surface 7 is a thermal insulation serving insulation board 8th applied. The drawing shows that the insulating plate 8th relative to the lid 6 is offset with its boundary to the inside. In the folded state, two circumferential and mutually offset steps, which are each provided with a circumferential elastic first and second seal arise. The aim is to create an air-filled circumferential gap, which contributes significantly to the heat transfer between the circumscribed volume within the box from that below the floor 2 space to prevent and prevent the formation of thermal bridges. In the distance to the insulating plate 8th is a leader 10 with the help of supports 9 on the lid 6 attached, which in turn is the insulating plate 8th succeed. Due to the rigid connection it is ensured that the ladder 10 and the lid 6 perform a synchronous pivoting movement. The ladder 10 is of conventional construction and consists of two spaced apart spars 11 and in between perpendicular to the spar 11 and approximately horizontally oriented steps 12 in equidistant distance.

To attach the attic stairs in the floor slab are in the side walls 5 of the lid 4 at several attachment points screws 13 introduced, on the one hand pass through the side walls and end in the not reproduced floor ceiling.

To recognize from the drawing, but need not be explained in more detail, since they are unrelated to the invention, is a spring-assisted lifting linkage, which should be adjusted so that the movement to close the lid 6 power assisted.

A cross-section of the transitional area between a floor slab held in a principled manner 2 and a attic stairs 1 is in 2 reproduced in sections. To meet the recently tightened thermal insulation regulations is the floor ceiling 2 on its upper side over the entire surface with a thermal insulation 3 equipped, and thus where the transition to the mansard area bounded by the attic takes place. The tightening of the rules inevitably leads to the thickness of the thermal insulation 3 in the future will continue to increase. The food box closes inwards 4 as a part of the attic stairs 1 in turn, through the side walls 5 in their entirety, ie a closed volume all around, a food box 4 define. Another essential part of the attic stairs 1 is the lid 6 , which pivotable with an edge not shown here with the feed box 4 is connected such that the pivot axis is parallel to the plane of the drawing. At his in the interior of the feed box 4 pointing surface 7 is a thermal insulation serving insulation board 8th arranged, whose task is the interior of the chuck box 4 towards the lid 6 to thermally isolate.

In the 2 is the condition with the lid closed 6 shown. The side walls 5 have seen from the lower end side of a stepped recess, which is dimensioned such that at the outer stage, ie where the lid 6 comes to rest on the edge, a first circumferential seal 19 is appropriate. On the other hand enters the insulating plate 8th in turn in contact with the sidewall 5 what is possible by the graduated demarcation and where a second circumferential seal 20 is appropriate. Due to the parallel course of both seals an air-filled chamber is enclosed, which contributes to a considerable extent to the thermal insulation and the flow of cold from the interior of the feed box 4 to the cover and thus largely prevents the interior of the building. For installation of the attic stairs 1 in the floor ceiling 2 It is imperative that between the front of floor ceiling 2 (and thermal insulation 3 ) on the one hand and to the side walls 5 the attic stairs 1 On the other hand, a distance is present, which is the installation gap 14 Are defined. For fastening the attic stairs 1 several are the side walls 5 through and into the floor ceiling 2 frontally engaging screws 13 brought in. It is known from the prior art, the mounting seam 14 on the room side to prevent air circulation and possibly also for thermal insulation either via a sealing strip 15 and / or a Dämmzopf 16 to close. Incidentally, the mounting gap 14 empty in the prior art and, being open at the top, the volume of air is filled with outside temperature. After the thermal insulation properties of floor slabs 2 are small, which may be in the area of the mounting tube 14 constructive cold easily and largely uninsulated transferred to the underlying interior. Recognizing these relationships and remedying them here is one of the central tasks of the present invention.

The solution is that the mounting seam 14 from the top with granules 17 is completed. As lower termination of the installation seam 14 serve sealing tape 15 and / or Dämmzopf 16 and up to that is through the granules 17 filled volumes of the installation gap 14 over an elastic band 18 locked. Its function is less in the contribution to thermal insulation, but in that the granules 17 due to air currents or mechanical effects from the top, not later on the installation gap 14 can leave again. At the same time it is ensured that the screws 13 over its entire circumference of granules 17 are surrounded. Thus, it is the outgoing from the roof side of the cold flow impossible, in the mounting tube 14 penetrate and up to the height of the floor ceiling 2 to extend. Thus, as a result, a cold bridge of considerable importance is interrupted.

The result is a high level of thermal insulation between the upper floor of a building compared to the outside temperature, since the critical and cold bridges forming installation area of the floor ceiling eliminated by the proposed inventions measures and thus "defused" was.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

attic stairs

2

floor ceiling

3

thermal insulation

4

feed racks

5

side walls

6

cover

7

surface

8th

insulation

9

Support

10

ladder

11

Holme

12

stages

13

screw

14

Einbaufuge

15

sealing tape

16

Dämmzopf

17

granules

18

elastic band

19

first circumferential seal

20

second circumferential seal

Claims (10)

Attic stairs ( 1 ) im in a floor ceiling ( 2 ) installed state, the latter preferably with a thermal insulation ( 3 ), - the attic stairs in the basic structure a Futterkasten ( 4 ) perpendicular to the through the feed box ( 4 ) spanned surface aligned side walls ( 5 ), - one with an edge on a side wall ( 5 ) hinged lid ( 6 ), which in the closed state peripherally circumferentially on the side walls ( 5 ) comes to rest, - the lid ( 6 ) preferably on its to the feed box ( 4 ) facing surface ( 7 ) with a thermal shield serving insulating ( 8th ), - the feeding box ( 4 ) over the side walls ( 5 ) through - and in the floor ceiling ( 2 ) engaging screws, bolts or the like ( 13 ) is fixed in such a way that the end faces of the floor slab ( 2 ), optionally including the thermal insulation ( 3 ), and the side walls ( 5 ) an installation gap ( 14 ), - wherein in the region of the lower end face of a sealing strip ( 15 ) and / or a Dämmzopf ( 16 ) the installation seam ( 14 ), characterized in that - the installation seam ( 14 ) starting from the sealing strip ( 15 ) and / or Dämmzopf ( 16 ) to the upper edge of the side walls ( 5 ) and / or the floor ceiling ( 2 ), optionally including the thermal insulation ( 3 ), with granules ( 17 ) and - the granules ( 17 ) has a particle diameter of not more than 7 mm. Floor staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that on the lid ( 6 ) at a distance to the surface ( 7 ) a ladder ( 10 ) by means of supports ( 9 ), which consists of two mutually parallel spars ( 11 ) with equidistantly mounted steps between them and perpendicular thereto ( 12 ) consists. Floor staircase, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the boundary of the insulating ( 8th ) compared to the edge of the lid ( 6 ) is offset inwards to. Floor staircase according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the installation seam ( 14 ) at its upper side via a preferably elastic band ( 18 ) or a Dämmzopf ( 16 ) is closed. Floor staircase according to claim 3, characterized in that on the abutment surface of the lid ( 6 ) on the front side of the side walls ( 5 ) a first circumferential seal ( 19 ) and on the stop surface of the insulating plate ( 8th ) or lid ( 6 ) on the front side of the side walls ( 5 ) each have a second circumferential seal ( 20 ), both seals ( 19 . 20 ) are at a distance from each other and each closed in itself. Floor staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules ( 17 ) is expanded polystyrene. Floor staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules ( 17 ) is equipped with hydrophobic and / or antistatic additives. Floor staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules ( 17 ) has a homogeneous material structure or composed of different materials core and shell is constructed. Attic stairs ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims im in a floor ceiling ( 2 ) built-in condition, preferably with a thermal insulation ( 3 ), wherein the attic stairs a Futterkasten ( 4 ), inside which the actual staircase is mounted, - that the feeder box ( 4 ) into the corresponding opening of the floor ceiling ( 2 ) and substantially parallel to the floor ceiling ( 2 ), - the feeding box ( 4 ) by screws ( 13 ) or the like at the front side of the opening in the floor ceiling ( 2 ) - that the space between feed box ( 4 ) and floor ceiling ( 2 ) a gap (insertion gap ( 4 ) defined on the lower / inner side of the floor ceiling ( 2 ) is closed and - the Aufaufuge ( 4 ) with granules ( 17 ) is filled up. Floor staircase according to claim 9, characterized in that when incorporated granules ( 17 ) the installation seam ( 4 ) at its top over a band ( 18 ) and / or a Dämmzopf ( 16 ) is closed.

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