DE202015004569U1 - Energy management and stratified charge for solar-powered heat pump (EuSfmsbW) - Google Patents

Abstract

Energy management and stratified charge for solar-powered heat pump (EuSfmsbW) as described, characterized in that the system consists of components that are purchasable in the market and by the use of two multi-function valves in the execution as 3-, 4- or 5-Wegemischer both acting as distribution valves for the flow and return of the heat pump as well as a mixer.

Description

The invention enables a solar power-based heat supply of buildings with a high Autarkiegrad.

1. State of the art / need for optimization:

• • Photovoltaikanlage, Wärmepumpe und Heizwasser- bzw. Kombispeicher sind zu gering dimensioniert. Insbesondere wird die Wärmepumpenleistung und Speichergröße nur knapp nach dem Wärmebedarf ausgelegt, schöpfen also das solare Überschusspotential während der Heizperiode nicht aus.
• • Es erfolgt in der Regel keine echte regelungstechnische Anpassung der Wärmepumpen-Leistungsaufnahme an die Leistungsabgabe der Photovoltaikanlage mit gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung des momentan verbrauchten Haushaltsstromes. Die Koppelung von Photovoltaik und Wärmepumpe geschieht dann meist über Funksteckdosen, die außerhalb der bedarfsorientierten Betriebszeiten bei Solarstrom-Überschuss über einen Wechselrichter-Kontakt oder einen „Home-Manager” freigeschaltet werden. In diesem Betriebszustand wird dann zur Speicherung von Solarüberschüssen einfach die Solltemperatur des Wasserspeichers erhöht. Nicht leistungsgeregelte Wärmepumpen laufen entweder mit der vorgegebenen Leistung, die vom Betriebspunkt abhängt, oder sie sind ausgeschaltet. Um die Leistung an den Wärmebedarf anzupassen, werden sie getaktet ein- und ausgeschaltet. Bei leistungsgeregelten Wärmepumpen („Inverter-Technologie”) variiert zwar die Leistungsaufnahme, sie lässt sich aber nicht von außen steuern. Wenn nur ein Teil dieser Leistungsaufnahme mit Solarstrom gedeckt werden kann, kommt der Rest des Stromes aus dem Netz.
• • Die hydraulische und regelungstechnische Einbindung der Wärmepumpe in das Heizsystem wird nicht den Ansprüchen gerecht, die eine effektive Nutzung von Solarüberschüssen erfordern. Sie orientiert sich an den althergebrachten Anlagenschemen der Wärmepumpenanwendungen. So wird ein Heizungspufferspeicher, sofern überhaupt vorgesehen, nur wie eine hydraulische Weiche betrachtet und auf einfache Art angeschlossen. Der Tatsache, dass mit der Nutzung von Solarüberschüssen, höhere Temperaturen und damit auch Temperaturunterschiede ins Spiel kommen wird nicht Rechnung getragen. Durch fehlende Weichen bzw. Schichteinrichtungen kommt es zu Vermischungen im Speicher. Eine mehrstufige, temperaturkonforme Speicherbeladung wäre insbesondere deshalb wichtig, weil die Wärmepumpe mit hohem Volumenstrom und kleiner Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Vor- und Rücklauf betrieben wird. Durch den üblicherweise vom Speicher hydraulisch entkoppelten Anschluss der Verbraucherkreise ist eine direkte Wärmeübergabe an diese ohne Vermischung bzw. Temperaturverlust nicht möglich.

The combination of photovoltaic and (air-to-water) heat pump has already largely established itself as an alternative technology for solar thermal energy in the field of application of solar-powered dhw heating. For the most part, domestic hot water heat pumps are used. Combination systems with solar heating support find even less widespread and usually only achieve a relatively low solar coverage of heat generation for the following reasons:

• • Photovoltaic system, heat pump and heating water or combined storage tank are dimensioned too small. In particular, the heat pump capacity and storage size is designed just after the heat demand, so do not exploit the solar surplus potential during the heating season.
• • There is usually no real regulatory adaptation of the heat pump power consumption of the power output of the photovoltaic system with simultaneous consideration of the currently consumed household electricity. The coupling of photovoltaic and heat pump then usually done via radio-controlled sockets, which are unlocked outside the demand-oriented operating times with solar power surplus via an inverter contact or a "home manager". In this operating state, the setpoint temperature of the water reservoir is then simply increased to store solar surpluses. Non-output-controlled heat pumps either run at the specified power, which depends on the operating point, or they are switched off. To adapt the power to the heat demand, they are switched clocked on and off. Power-controlled heat pumps ("Inverter technology") vary the power consumption, but they can not be controlled externally. If only part of this power can be covered by solar power, the rest of the power comes from the grid.
• • The hydraulic and control technology integration of the heat pump into the heating system does not meet the requirements that require the effective use of solar surplus. It is based on the traditional systems of heat pump applications. Thus, a heating buffer, if provided at all, considered as a hydraulic switch and connected in a simple way. The fact that the use of solar surpluses, higher temperatures and thus also temperature differences come into play is not taken into account. Missing switches or layer devices cause mixing in the storage tank. A multi-stage, temperature-compliant storage load would be particularly important because the heat pump is operated with high flow and small temperature difference between flow and return. By usually hydraulically decoupled from the memory connection of the consumer circuits direct heat transfer to them without mixing or temperature loss is not possible.

2nd task:

The invention is based on the object to provide a standardized, multi-functional energy management, which optimizes the solar power assisted heat pump operation in combination with the heat storage, the connected consumer circuits and possibly other additional heat generators energetically. The goal of this optimization is to minimize the grid's electricity supply and to maximize solar autonomy.

3. Detailed description of the invention with reference to an embodiment (see Figure 1)

The Lademanager, a ready-to-connect unit, basically consists of two multifunctional valves in the version as 3-way, 4-way or 5-way mixers (depending on the application). These serve as distribution valves for the flow (V1) and the return (V2) of the heat pump, but can also act as a mixer in principle. Thus, the heat flows can be suitably stratified in the memory, forwarded directly to the heat consumer or mixed. The valves are controlled by means of positioning motors in the form of continuously controlled actuators with 0 ... 10 VDC control signal.

Thanks to the manifold connection and control options of the charging manager, different temperature levels can be optimally utilized. The direct coupling of additional heat generators and the heating circuit between the heat pump and the storage tank enables immediate heat transfer without loss of temperature. Forwarded to the memory is only reduced after tapping the heating circuit water quantity, which as it flows into the memory less mixing / turbulence caused and a more stable temperature stratification is possible. The introduced into the memory water is calmed via nozzle pipes and flows evenly distributed over the surface. As in one Drawer system, the heat is removed from the appropriate layer and stored according to the temperature stroke back into the appropriate layer. In addition, the speed controllability of the charge pump (s) and / or the possibility of temperature mixing in the return allows a fine tuning of the temperature to achieve, for example, a certain target temperature in the flow.

Description embodiment (see Figures 1 and 2)

In the exemplary embodiment, the air-water heat pump is supported by a solar thermal system and a water-bearing wood stove (for cold, sunless winter days). The multi-function valves are two 4-way bivalent mixers for flow ( 9.5 ) and return ( 9.6 ). The charger manager also integrates two plate heat exchangers. One ( 9.1 ) acts as a condenser or - in combination with the charge pump ( 9.3 ) - as a complete indoor unit of the heat pump. The solar heat exchanger ( 9.2 ) is connected in series and increases the temperature of the heat pump flow accordingly. By varying the volume flow or by admixing warmer storage layers in the return (mixer 9.6 ) This temperature increase can be adjusted if necessary to achieve a desired target temperature. Both systems can also be operated independently of each other. With appropriate dimensioning, the solar thermal system can take over the heat supply alone in the summer months. This avoids noise emissions from the outdoor unit, protects the heat pump, and the solar surplus electricity produced during this time is available for other applications (grid feed-in, electromobility).

A step-by-step, exclusively solar-powered electric immersion heater ( 8th ) in the storage tank supports the heat pump, in which it supplies higher temperatures for hot water heating with a given excess of PV.

The hot water preparation ( 6 ) takes place independently of the load manager via a fresh water station (as in the exemplary embodiment), with corresponding storage installations (combi storage) or a separate service water storage.

The load manager is also able to manage a multi-storage system, which may require the use of 5-way multifunction valves, depending on the complexity.

The pump groups for one or more additional heat generators ( 4 ) and heating circuits ( 5 ) can be mounted either directly on the charging manager, on the storage or on a wall.

Here, the use of 4-way bivalent mixers (instead of conventional 3-way mixers) causes a further increase in energy efficiency:
The low-temperature heating circuit cools the lower storage area more intensively, while the upper, hotter area remains untouched as long as possible. And with direct connection to the charge manager, two different temperature levels can be used immediately.

The 4-way mixer in the oven circuit causes a faster heating of the upper storage area.

Regulation:

The main focus is the own use of PV power. This is available only during the day, during the daytime, the outside temperature is usually higher. A combination of heat pump (WP) and PV system can thus be operated properly.

For this, the control measures the power generation via the PV system (or electricity purchase tariffs) and the electricity demand of the building and thus determines time windows with electricity surplus, which are preferably used for heat generation. It adapts the electrical input of the modulating heat pump to the solar power supply.

The holistic view of energy flows minimizes energy costs.

The system has different strategies for determining the current consumption and climatic conditions. Some of these functions require additional heat meters in the generator or heating circuits. The heat pump and, if applicable, a solar thermal system that is being used are already covered by the system because there must be a flow sensor in the HP circuit.

• • Es wird eine permanente Berechnung des aktuellen Energiebedarfs des Gebäudes durchgeführt. Hierzu wird die Bilanz der vergangenen Tage erstellt, wobei auch wochentagsspezifische Spitzen berücksichtigt werden. Neben dem Heizwärmebedarf wird auch der Warmwasserbedarf ermittelt. Somit kann eine Verbrauchsprognose erstellt werden. Diese dient als Vorgabe für die Wärmeerzeugung bzw. Bereitstellung
• • Die Wärmeerzeugung berücksichtigt mehrere Einflussgrößen:
• – COP der Wärmepumpe bestimmt in Abhängigkeit von notwendigen Systemtemperaturen und Außentemperatur die Ladezeiten. Es können sowohl systeminterne Prognosen, wie auch externe Wetterberichte eingebunden werden, um tageszeitabhängig mögliche COP-Maxima zu nutzen
• – Berücksichtigung der Tagestemperaturprofile zur Ermittlung der notwendigen Systemtemperaturen und Wärmemengen. Die durch geringere Nachttemperaturen höhere VL-Temperatur wird bereits tagsüber in der benötigten Menge im Puffer eingelagert. (zusätzliche WMZ notwendig)
• – Findet eine Raumtemperaturregelung über den Systemregler statt, kann auch der Estrich als Puffer genützt werden (Latenzzeitmessung über den Estrich bei Inbetriebnahme), wobei die Latenzzeit berücksichtigt wird (primär abendliche Beladung um Überhitzung der Räume zu vermeiden).
• – Die Vorgabe für die Wärmemengenerzeugung muss durch die höheren Außentemperaturen tagsüber erzeugt und eingelagert werden. Hierfür wird innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitfensters ausschließlich nach Stromangebot Wärme erzeugt. Reicht diese Wärme nicht aus, wird zusätzlich am späteren Nachmittag (höhere Außentemperatur als nachts) die restliche, notwendige Wärme über Netzstrombezug erzeugt. Somit wird der höhere COP bei höheren Außentemperaturen genutzt.
• – Bei Luftwärmepumpen mit WP-Tarif wird die Einschaltzeit in den Bereich der höchsten Außentemperatur gelegt, um auch hier einen COP-optimierten Betrieb zu ermöglichen.
• – Eine Koppelung der Anlage an Freigabezeiten des EVUs ist möglich, die Regelung bietet jedoch über die Funktion „smartgrid ready” weitere Möglichkeiten: bei Freigabe kann mit dem kompletten Leistungspotential aller über die Regelung betriebener Verbraucher gearbeitet werden. Je nach Pufferladezustand und Gebäudebedarf kann über die reine Freigabezeit hinaus eine Leistungsvorgabe zur Entlastung des Stromnetzes berücksichtigt werden. Über die Anlage kann ein Überschuss im Stromnetz kostengünstig in Form von Wärme eingelagert (oder in einen Akku geladen) werden. Wird die Freigabe des EVU an regenerative Überschüsse im Netz gekoppelt, kann in der Heizperiode der Anteil regenerativer Energie am Verbrauch gesteigert werden. Somit ist es auch möglich, bei verkleinerter PV-Anlage einen höheren regenerativen Anteil in der Energieversorgung zu erreichen.
• – Stehen geringe PV-Leistungen zur Verfügung, werden die Verbräuche direkt bedient, d. h. am Puffer vorbei direkt in die Heizkreise geladen. Hierzu dient die vorab beschriebene Hydraulik mit 2 Mehrwegeventilen.
• – Bei Anlagen mit Einzelraumregelung über den Systemregler kann am Puffer vorbei eine sommerliche Kühlung der Heizflächen betrieben werden, ohne den sonstigen Betrieb zu beeinflussen. Die Kühlung kann vor, nach oder im alternierenden Betrieb zur Wärmeerzeugung betrieben werden.
• – Je nach vorhandenen Wärmeerzeuger/-verbraucher wird der Energiefluss im Puffer schichtungsoptimiert geregelt. Hierzu dienen die Mischer der einzelnen Kreise, aber auch die 2 Mehrwegeventile des Lademanagers.
• • Der Regler kann außerdem weitere Funktionen übernehmen, wie z. B.
• – die Freischaltung weiterer Verbraucher (Waschmaschine, Trockner)
• – Verwaltung von Akkube-/Entladung
• – Ladung eines E-Mobils

For convenience, each function can be customized by the user within certain limits. If the full supply of heat is jeopardized by set limits, the regulation will alert the user to this.

• • A permanent calculation of the current energy demand of the building is carried out. For this the balance of the past days is created, whereby also weekday-specific tips are considered. In addition to the heating demand also the hot water demand is determined. Thus, a consumption forecast can be created. This serves as a default for heat generation or provision
• • The heat generation takes into account several factors:
• - COP of the heat pump determines the charging times depending on the required system temperatures and outside temperature. Both in-system forecasts and external weather reports can be integrated in order to make use of COP maxima possible depending on the time of day
• - Taking into account the daily temperature profiles to determine the necessary system temperatures and heat quantities. The higher VL temperature due to lower night temperatures is already stored during the day in the required amount in the buffer. (additional WMZ necessary)
• - If a room temperature control takes place via the system controller, the screed can also be used as a buffer (latency measurement via the screed at startup), taking into account the latency (primarily evening loading to avoid overheating of the rooms).
• - The requirement for heat generation must be generated and stored by the higher outside temperatures during the day. For this purpose, heat is generated within a certain time window exclusively according to electricity supply. If this heat is insufficient, the remaining, necessary heat is additionally generated in the later afternoon (higher outside temperature than at night) via grid connection. Thus, the higher COP is used at higher outside temperatures.
• - In the case of air heat pumps with WP tariff, the switch-on time is placed in the area of the highest outside temperature in order to enable COP-optimized operation here as well.
• - It is possible to link the system to the RU's release times, but the control offers further options via the "smartgrid ready" function: when the system is enabled, it can work with the complete power potential of all consumers operated via the control. Depending on the buffer charge state and the building requirement, a power requirement to relieve the power grid can be taken into account beyond the pure release time. Over the plant, a surplus in the power grid can be inexpensively stored in the form of heat (or charged into a battery). If the release of the RU is coupled to regenerative surpluses in the grid, the share of regenerative energy in consumption can be increased during the heating season. Thus, it is also possible to achieve a higher regenerative share in the energy supply with reduced PV system.
• - If low PV power is available, the consumptions are operated directly, ie charged to the buffer directly into the heating circuits. The hydraulic system described above with 2 multi-way valves is used for this purpose.
• - For systems with individual room control via the system controller, a summer cooling of the heating surfaces can be operated past the buffer, without affecting the other operation. The cooling can be operated before, after or in alternating operation for heat generation.
• - Depending on the existing heat generator / consumer, the energy flow in the buffer is controlled to optimize the coating. The mixers of the individual circuits, but also the 2 multi-way valves of the charge manager serve this purpose.
• • The controller can also perform other functions, such as: B.
• - the activation of additional consumers (washing machine, dryer)
• - Management of rechargeable battery / discharge
• - Charging an e-mobile

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

photovoltaics

2

L / W heat pump (outdoor unit) with inverter-controlled compressor

3

Pump group solar thermal (optional)

4

Pump group wood stove (optional) with 4-way bivalent mixer

5

Pump group low-temperature heating circuit with 4-way bivalent mixer

6

Water heating

7

buffer memory

8th

Heating cartridge (optional)

9

charging Manager

9.1

Condenser heat pump (plate heat exchanger)

9.2

Solar heat exchanger (optional)

9.3

Charge pump (adjustable)

9.4

Flow transmitter

9.5

Multifunction valve flow (bivalent mixer)

9.6

Multifunction valve return (Bivalent mixer)

10

Tees with departure to the store

Claims (18)

Energy management and stratified charge for solar-powered heat pump (EuSfmsbW) as described, characterized in that the system consists of components that are purchasable in the market and by the use of two multi-function valves in the execution as 3-, 4- or 5-Wegemischer both acting as distribution valves for the flow and return of the heat pump as well as a mixer. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1, characterized in that the use of photovoltaic power is possible. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the heat flows taken from a matching storage level and - corresponding to the temperature deviation - in a suitable Layer stored, and / or forwarded directly to the heat consumer and / or mixed and can be regulated to a specific target temperature. (EuSfmsbW) as in claim 1-3, characterized in that further heat generator (z. B. solar plant, water-bearing wood heating, etc.) can be coupled and heating circuits between the heat pump and storage for direct heat transfer. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-4, characterized in that only after removal of the heat consumer reduced amount of water is stored. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-5, characterized in that the hydraulic and control is applied to an efficient use of photovoltaic power and solar thermal. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-6, characterized in that with a speed-controlled charge pump (s), the fine-tuning of the temperature of the heat pump and / or solar thermal is possible. (EuSfmSbW) as claim 1-7, characterized in that one or two series-connected plate heat exchanger are integrated in the loading manager. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-8, characterized in that a solar-powered, gradually installed after the still available solar power potential electric heater is installed. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-9, characterized in that a water heater can be done either via a fresh water station, a combination storage use or a water heater, and multi-storage systems can be managed. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-10, characterized in that the entire heating system is monitored and regulated by an electronic, visualizable control with energy management (heat and electricity). (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-11, characterized in that the entire heating system is monitored and controlled by an electrical control with thermal management. and the heat pump generates the heat in a modulating mode of operation, depending on the available PV power supply. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-12, characterized in that the heat pump depending on the existing PV power supply power controlled in a modulating mode of operation generates the heat. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-13, characterized in that the energy management of the current energy demand and the past days creates a consumption forecast as a default for heat generation and provision. (EuSfmsbW) as claimed in claim 1-14, characterized in that in the heat generation, the COP ( coefficient of performance) of the heat pump is taken into account as a function of the necessary system temperatures and outside temperature including system-internal forecasts and external weather reports. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-15, characterized in that the entire system can be coupled to renewable energies in the network at release times of the utility companies (RUs). (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-16, characterized in that with the system a summer cooling of the heating surfaces can be operated. (EuSfmsbW) as claim 1-17, characterized in that at excess PV power supply more consumers such. As washing machine, dryer, battery and discharge and charge an e-mobile can be unlocked and regulated.

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