DE202009013134U1 - Partially translucent cementitious or polymer bonded stone slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

Partially translucent stone slabs, characterized in that in these plates relatively large, from the plate front to the back of the plate reaching, translucent, solid glass body are incorporated, the factory-side boundary surfaces are provided with a light-reflecting coating and the front and back outer surfaces plan and smooth or plan and refractive rough designed.

Description

object

The Protection claims concern partially or punctually translucent cementitious or polymer bound Stone slabs with relatively monochrome or high-contrast terrazzo-like Structure and surface appearance. In contrast to known cementitious or polymer bound concrete or polymer blocks, however, not only contain these plates surcharges, from a technically meaningful grading curve of fine, medium-fine and coarser ones grits consists.

she contain about it also oversized, from the front of the plate to the back of the plate reaching, transparent Vitreous, which make it possible that light from one to the other side of the stone slab flow can. The stone is thus, as soon as from one side of the plate one Light source acts, at the same time a luminous body.

The Protection requests concern about it addition, the technical solutions, to the light flow through light scattering conditioning the surfaces on the bottom or the back the stored glass body as well as by light-reflecting coating of the factory side Interfaces of the vitreous preferably to be intense and visually attractive.

background

Light, a primordial component of the cosmos, has always had one on man metaphysical fascination exerted and influenced the cultural history of homo sapiens at all stages. Of course this applies also for the history of architecture - from prehistoric Sun worship over the Broken structures of gothic cathedrals, the Londoner Crystal Palace of 1851, the triumph of the glass block in the wake from the Bauhaus revolution to the steel + glass palaces of today and the sophisticated Lighting technology in the interior and exterior modern administrative consumption and residential temple.

Differentiation to the state of the art

Relative young (ie only a few decades old) achievements of lighting technology are halogen spotlights and LED lights.

In In interior design, halogen or LED spotlights are preferred in bigger Number distributed as point sources of light over a ceiling and thus, in a sense, create the illusion of a starry sky. More frequently Light diffusers are also in shape in floors built-in and walk-in luminaires integrated - and by no means only where it seems necessary for security reasons but very often solely for the sake of the optical effect.

The present invention - partial translucent Stone slabs - should a technically, economically and aesthetically advantageous alternative to Such built in ceiling, wall or floor panels and to offer interconnected light emitter systems: It acts this is plate-shaped Construction elements of concrete or polymer concrete, in which the light outlets are in the form of translucent Solid glass bodies represent an integral part of the building material. An essential aspect relevant to the invention is also that no longer each light outlet of its own light source (Lamp) requires but that with only one light source numerous light outlets with Light can be supplied.

The partially translucent stone panels of the invention are therefore more comparable to the invented by Hungarian architect Aron Losonczy 2001 translucent concrete (Litracon ^®). In this material system countless optical fiber strands are embedded in a matrix of fine concrete in a very dense, filigree arrangement.

The Production of translucent concrete elements formed in this way However, it is technically rather complex, the products are corresponding expensive and therefore larger Architectural objects so far (as of July 2009), although planned but still not realized.

from Litracon patent partially differ from those disclosed herein translucent Stone slabs in that the translucent parts are not filigree and very close together but large-sized-compact and in relative huge intervals are arranged to each other in the stone. The light transmission is not caused by embedded glass fiber optical threads but by pretty big massive glass body - preferably Recycled glass -, which from the front to the back the stone tablet range.

In contrast to the optical glass fibers in the Litracon ^® these large-sized glass body not only in fine concrete but also in coarse grain containing concrete or polymer concrete -. B. with aggregates up to 15 mm grain size - be embedded. This results in a terrazzo-like appearance when the visible surface of the stone slab is ground.

A primary feature of the invention Thus, first of all, it is the fact that in these plates relatively large, light-transmittable, solid glass bodies are embedded, ranging from the front of the plate to the back of the plate.

The surface portion of the embedded glass bodies on both sides of the plate can be between 5% and 70% of the total surface area of the plate. The surface area of each individual translucent glass body, which is visible on both sides of the plate and perceptible by the eye of the observer, may be between 50 mm ² and 10,000 mm ² .

In a visually very attractive and inexpensive - and therefore preferred - execution of the invention partially translucent Stone slabs are the embedded glass bodies made of crushed raw glass chunks formed at each outbreak in the glassworks.

These fragments are completely irregular in shape - each one is a unique one - and come in different sizes. For example (with a thickness of the stone plate of, for example, 15-25 mm) in volume sizes of 1000 mm ³ to 250000 mm ³ .

These Solid vitreous can into the stone slab - ever after Wusch the architect or designer - after a well-ordered pattern or after an irregular pattern or in purely random be stored in effective placement.

If he wishes, can the stored glass body but also geometrically regularly shaped be, for example, round, elliptical or polygonal. In this case come in the production of stone slabs according to the invention appropriately shaped solid body made of glass. However, their deployment is more costly as the so-called "tub break". Naturally suitable all low-stress glass types with sufficient light transmission properties for the Use in these stone plates, be it in colorless or in colored tinted execution or in a mixture of colorless and / or colored solid glass bodies.

One essential feature of the invention partially translucent stone slabs consists in that the factory-side boundary surfaces of the embedded solid glass body with a light-reflecting coating are provided. hereby It causes even from an acute angle from the light incident surface Incident light from the factory boundary surfaces of the Solid vitreous to a great extent reflected and directed in the direction of the light failure surface. Really important is this reflector layer when using irregular shaped Solid glass bodies from crushed raw glass chunks.

A independently from the intensity of the incoming light optically advantageous shimmering white-shimmering Reflector layer is achieved by the factory boundary surfaces of the embedded solid glass body with a lightfast, silanized synthetic resin - preferably a reaction-cured Epoxy resin system - coated which are titanium dioxide-coated and / or uncoated and with titanium dioxide pigment staggered mica scales and / or other mica-based Effect pigment filled is.

Of particular importance for the optical properties of the partially translucent stone slabs according to the invention is the nature of the slab surfaces. This in turn depends on the intended use of the plates:
For example, in the case of panels illuminated with artificial light, which are to be used as double-bottomed elements mounted on stilts or as elements for counter construction or wall coverings, the visible front side (= light outlet side) is preferably ground and polished to a high gloss or silk gloss.

The invisible back (= Light inlet side), however, is preferably only roughly ground and with a "carpet" of colorless-transparent and / or color toned or coated transparent color-coated glass particles. When Binder for such a coating serves a (preferably silanized and reaction-cured) colorless or color tinted, highly transparent and light-stable synthetic resin system, eg. As an aliphatic Polyurethane resin system.

This Glass particle "carpet" on the Light inlet side causes a visually very interesting refraction and directional distribution of the incoming light. The glass particles can as in irregular form broken glass chippings or as round or oval glass beads available. The grain size of the glass particles depends on of the desired refraction effect and is on average at least 1 mm and at most 6 mm. The thickness of the resin coating matrix is at least 20% and at most 60% of the mean grain size of the applied Glass particles.

On the other hand, with single-shell partition constructions, it may be desirable for the stone slabs to be partially transparent (transparent) and not only translucent: it should not only penetrate light from one room part into the other but also - at least in fragments - recognize what is going on in the other part of the room. In that case he will come according to the invention stone slabs are used, which are ground on both sides and polished to satin gloss or high gloss.

at other applications - before everything in the outdoor area - is required that the partially translucent disk surface Although plan but natural stone-like rough should be designed. For such Cases are inventive stone slabs suitable whose visible surface (s) only rough ground and then - for example, by shot peening - to a brick-like surface structure are roughened.

One Another essential feature of the invention is that the partial translucent Stone slabs optionally as cementitious bonded concrete slabs or as reaction resin bonded polymer concrete plates can.

• a) Der innen liegende Bereich der Kunstharzbeschichtung (in diesem Falle stark lichtreflektierend gestaltet) ist über die enthaltenen Silan- bzw. Siloxanmoleküle chemoreaktiv an die werksteinseitigen Oberflächen des Massivglaskörpers gebunden.
• b) Das Beschichtungsharz ist mit (sehr hellen und nahezu transparenten) Muskovit-Glimmerschuppen angereichert. Der so gebildete „Panzer” aus einander überlagernden Schuppen bildet eine wirksame Sperrschicht: Sie verhindert, dass alkalische Einflüsse aus der zementösen Matrix des Betonwerksteins bis auf die gläsernen Oberflächen der lichtdurchlässigen Massivglaskörper vordringen können. Sie verhindert somit eine bei Durchfeuchtung der Zementmatrix an diesen Oberflächen drohende Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion, die zu weissen Ausblühungen von Alkalicarbonaten + Kieselsäure und letztlich zu einer progressiven Schädigung des Verbundes zwischen den eingebetteten Massivglaskörpern und dem sie umgebenden Betonwerkstein führen würde.
• c) Der außen liegende Bereich der Kunstharzschicht auf den werksteinseitigen Kontaktflächen der eingebetteten Massivglaskörper ist im Zuge des Beschichtungsprozesses mit einem Gemisch aus Zementpulver und feinem Quarzsand abgepudert, sodass sich auch ein starker Verbund zwischen den organisch beschichteten Glaskörpern und dem hydraulisch reagierenden Zementmörtel des Betonwerksteins ergibt.

In the case of embedding the translucent solid glass body in cement-bound concrete these are "trivalent" coated according to the invention. The "trivalent coating" combines three functions:

• a) The inner region of the synthetic resin coating (designed to be highly light-reflecting in this case) is chemoreactively bound to the sides of the solid glass body via the silane or siloxane molecules contained.
• b) The coating resin is enriched with (very light and almost transparent) muscovite mica flakes. The so-formed "shell" of overlapping scales forms an effective barrier layer: It prevents that alkaline influences from the cementitious matrix of the concrete block can penetrate to the glass surfaces of the translucent solid glass body. It thus prevents an imminent dampening of the cement matrix at these surfaces threatening alkali-silica reaction, which would lead to white efflorescence of alkali metal carbonates + silica and ultimately to a progressive damage to the bond between the embedded solid glass bodies and the surrounding concrete block.
• c) The outer region of the synthetic resin layer on the factory-side contact surfaces of the embedded solid glass body is powdered in the course of the coating process with a mixture of cement powder and fine quartz sand, so that there is also a strong bond between the organically coated glass bodies and the hydraulically reactive cement mortar of the concrete block.

The "trivalent Coating "forms Thus, a two-sided effective bonding (to the glass body one and the cement matrix on the other) and prevented (by the included "mica scale armor") at the same time the harmful Alkali-silica reaction.

As a matrix former for cementitious slabs according to the invention are modern, self-compacting and self-venting high-performance concrete systems such. B. Dyckerhoff Flowstone ^® particularly suitable: due to their high mechanical strength they allow a relatively thin design of the slab according to the invention. Natural aggregate sand or granules are used as aggregates in the fine grain range <2 mm, in the coarse grain range (eg 2-8 mm) natural stone chips and / or aggregates of trivalent color-coated or effect-coated glass and / or mirror glass granules.

in the Case of integration of the translucent solid glass body in polymer bound stone matrix are the factory boundary surfaces of the Solid vitreous according to the invention with a light-resistant, silanized synthetic resin - preferably a reaction-cured Epoxy resin system - coated, which with titanium dioxide-coated and / or uncoated and Muscovite mica flakes staggered with titanium dioxide pigment and / or other mica-based effect pigment is filled. The combination of mica and very bright pigment causes the required light reflection property the factory-side boundary surfaces the solid glass body.

When Matrix builder for Polymer bound according to the invention partially translucent Stone slabs are preferably reaction-cured pigmented or colored Epoxy resin systems or reaction hardened clear or pigmented or colored aliphatic polyurethane resin systems used.

The inorganic additives the stone slabs can of natural stone and / or of colorless and / or colored glass flour or glass granules and / or color-coated or with effect pigment consist of coated glass or mirror glass granules.

uses

The partially translucent blocks of stone according to the invention are used in conjunction with natural or artificial light sources as components for double floor systems supported on stilts, as elements for exhibition stand construction, table, counter and staircase construction, for parapet and base constructions, dividing wall, partition wall and false ceiling systems, for interior wall and exterior wall cladding, as components in churches construction as well as for objects in gardening and landscaping, in well and monument construction and in other objects of the "furnishing" of public areas and rooms usable.

drawings

The attached Drawings should - without claim to a comprehensive presentation of the manifold execution options - the basic understanding of Invention and its essential features serve:

1 shows a perspective view of a cementitious or polymer bound stone tablet (A), in which relatively large, from the front of the plate to the back of the plate reaching, light-transmitting, solid glass body (B) are embedded.

These vitreous (B) can made of colorless transparent or of color-toned or opal-like Glass exist.

2 shows in perspective view a light-transmitting solid glass body (B), which was made from a raw glass fragment. The front (B 1) and the back (B 2) are designed parallel by a post-processing.

The factory-facing interfaces (B 3) are irregular like a brick and light-reflecting coated. This reflector coating consists of a light-resistant resin, which with titanium dioxide coated and / or uncoated mica flakes and titanium dioxide as a powder pigment and / or other mica based Effect pigment filled is.

3 shows some examples of solid glass body (B), in which the front and the back are also designed in parallel plan. Unlike the in 2 shown example, the factory-side boundary surfaces are designed here in a targeted geometric form or as arrows, letters or pictographic symbols.

4 illustrates in a plan view of the plate surface, the possibility of arranging the light-transmittable glass body (B) embedded in the stone (A) in a relatively even distribution or in disordered placement. The surface area of the embedded glass bodies (B) on both sides of the plate may be between 5% and 50% of the total surface area of the plate. The surface area of each individual translucent glass body (B) may be between 50 mm ² and 10000 mm ² on the front and on the back.

5A shows a section through a portion of a stone slab (A), in which a light-transmitting glass body (B) is embedded. While the surface of the top (A / B 1) - = "light outlet side" - is fine-ground and polished to shine, the bottom (A / B 2) - = "light inlet side" is only roughly ground and with a refractive coating Mistake. This coating consists of a highly transparent colorless or slightly tinted, light-stable synthetic resin layer (C), which is provided with a "carpet" of colorless-transparent and / or color-tinted or transparent color-coated glass particles (D).

This Glass particle "carpet" on the Light inlet side causes a visually very interesting refraction and directional distribution of the incoming light. The glass particles can as in irregular form broken glass chippings or as round or oval glass beads available. The grain size of the glass particles depends on of the desired refraction effect and is on average at least 1 mm and at most 6 mm. The thickness of the resin coating matrix is at least 20% and at most 60% of the mean grain size of applied glass particles.

5B also shows a section through a portion of a stone slab (A), in which a light-transmitting glass body (B) is embedded. In the present case, however, the surfaces of both the light outlet side (A / B 1) and the light inlet side (A / B 2) are finely ground and polished to a gloss. This results in a not only translucent but transparent property of the embedded glass body (B) and thus a "keyhole effect".

6 shows in a highly simplified representation of the use of a stone slab according to the invention as a backlit raised floor element.

The plate itself is basically constructed as in 5A shown, ie the light outlet side (A / B 1) is honed and polished, the light inlet side (A / B 2) is coated with a carpet of glass particles (C, D). The stone slab is supported on distance-maintaining stilts (E), which at the same time for receiving light emitters -. B. fluorescent lamps - serve. The surface of the subfloor (H) and also the vertical wall terminations of the cavity are light-reflecting - for example with profiled aluminum foil - lined (G) in order to direct as much light on the light inlet side.

Examples:

In the following, some typical applications are possible without being exhaustive Briefs of the novel partially translucent stone slabs briefly described:

Example A: Backlit raised floor.

For one Architects have designed a backlit double floor area. To the change became a height-adjustable Pedestal storage system with translucent Polycarbonate stilts chosen.

These Stilts simultaneously served as a bracket for at a shallow angle upwardly directed fluorescent lamps. The height of the stilts was 120 mm. The subfloor was covered with light reflecting aluminum foil designed.

The Format of the partly light-permeable stone slabs stored on the stilts was 800 × 800 × 20 mm. Due to the required bending tensile strength was used as a matrix former for the Stone slabs a reaction-hardening pigmented and low-yellowing epoxy resin system selected. The Supplements consisted of a grading curve of recycled glass grain, the fine grain range being 0-2 of silanised clear glass and the coarse grain range of 2-8 mm color-coated clear glass, partially also of color-coated Mirror glass breakage existed.

In Each of these polymer blocks was about 60 massive, from the Plate top to the bottom plate reaching clear glass body stored, which made of irregular shaped Glass fragments were formed.

The surface size of the horizontally parallel plane cut clear glass body was on the Lichtauslass- as on the Lichteinlass side between 250 and 1200 mm ² . The completely irregular shaped factory-side boundary surfaces of the stored glass body were coated reflecting light.

The Top side was finely ground and polished to a high degree of gloss. The underside of the slab was roughly ground and with a "carpet" of small Clear glass fragments from 1.5-4 mm size coated.

When Coating binder served a highly transparent aliphatic Polyurethane resin.

Example B: Room divider with transparency zones

For a large office with public traffic should large format semi-transparent room divider elements are designed to be the moment discretion and transparency. developed were large format and relatively thin-walled (20 mm) slabs of fine-grained high-performance concrete into which triangular semi-transparent segments are integrated. In these Segments are - in geometrically regular and relatively dense arrangement - numerous incorporated round "glass eyes".

The glass bodies to be stored were formed from colorless transparent raw glass rods, which were sawn into sections of the same length and provided with a light-reflecting trivalent coating. Self-compacting high-performance concrete Dyckerhoff Flowstone ^® , which was filled with fine grain aggregates (0.5-2 mm) of light marble, was used as the ^raw material for the stone.

The semi-transparent room divider elements were sanded on both sides and polished to a high degree of gloss to achieve high transparency of the "glass eyes".

Example C: Counter for a cocktail bar

The Counter of a cocktail bar should be made of polished exposed concrete elements be constructed, both in the horizontal cover plate as also in the vertical front surfaces many different sizes translucent vitreous in irregular distribution should be integrated.

The base material was anthracite gray pigmented high-performance concrete "Dyckerhoff Flowstone ^(R) ", the embedded glass bodies consisted of tivalent coated colorless raw glass fragments.

The Usage or visible surfaces The counter elements were polished to a high gloss and impregnated (hydrophobic). The interior surfaces were only roughly ground and with a "carpet" of small turquoise, blue and green colored glass fragments of 2-4 mm Size coated.

When Light source for the backlighting of the elements served a system of total 15 energy saving lamps with a power consumption of each 7 watts.

Example D: fountain with sculpture

When Socket for an admonishing fountain sculpture on the topic "climate change" wished the artist a floating hollow body, which makes one think of a melting ice floe. The sculpture itself should according to the ideas of the artist represent a human hand, from whose fingertips water swells.

For the realization of the floe was the Artist proposed an inventive plate-shaped elements together buoyant hollow body of thin-walled white exposed concrete in the form of an ice floe, which in turn floats in a fountain. The surface of the plume top is about 2 m ² , the plan underside about 2.5 m ² , both surfaces in irregular polygonal and staggered shape.

Both in the horizontal cover plate as well as in the formed from numerous plates lateral "Schollenabbruch" surfaces are stored in irregular arrangement massive glass fragments of transparent cullet in sizes between 5000 and 50,000 mm ³ .

The Outside of the horizontal cover plate and the lateral "lug break" surfaces are just roughly ground and then shot peened, so that a rough surface results. The for the viewer invisible inside (back) of the cover plate and the side panels are - like in Examples A and C - roughly ground and with a "carpet" of small ones Glass fragments from 1.5 to 4 mm in size coated.

• – nach Aktivierung der Lichtquellen im Innenraum der schwimmenden Scholle – wie feurige, schwitzende Poren wirken, die einen auffälligen Kontrast zur kalt wirkenden Oberflächenfarbe der Scholle darstellen.

However, the coating binder used here is a transparent and slightly orange-tinted aliphatic polyurethane resin. As glass particles, red and yellow tinted transparent glass is used: this causes the embedded glass body

• - After activation of the light sources in the interior of the floating soil - like fiery, sweaty pores act, which represent a striking contrast to the cold-acting surface color of the floe.

Example E: Balcony screens

For the consistently running Balconies of an apartment house became paravent-like lateral partitions made of bright high-performance concrete, which on the one hand sufficient privacy grant, on the other hand, also natural Let light through. The components contained numerous, at the factory-side interfaces trivalent coated solid glass body. They were both sides coarsely ground and then shot peened, so that they lichtdruchlässig but are not transparent.

Claims (14)

Partially translucent stone slabs, characterized in that in these plates relatively large, from the plate front to the back of the plate reaching, translucent, solid glass body are incorporated, the factory-side boundary surfaces are provided with a light-reflecting coating and the front and back outer surfaces plan and smooth or plan and refractive rough designed. Workstone slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface portion of the embedded translucent glass bodies on both sides of the slab is between 5% and 50% of the total surface area of the slab and that the planar surfaces on the front and back of each individual translucent glass body are on both sides between 50 mm ² and 10000 mm ² . Stone slabs according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the embedded translucent glass body in its brick-side boundaries irregular or irregular geometrically regular - preferably round, elliptic or polygonal or as arrows, letters or pictographic symbols - are shaped. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-3, characterized characterized in that the embedded translucent glass body uniform or have different shape and size and in the stone slab according to a well-ordered pattern or a deliberately irregular pattern or in purely random Placement are arranged. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-4, characterized characterized in that the embedded translucent glass body Colorless translucent or colored tinted translucent solid glass consist. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-5, characterized characterized in that the embedded translucent glass body on their factory-side interfaces with a lightfast Resin coated with titanium dioxide-coated and / or uncoated mica flakes and / or with others mica-based effect pigment is filled and thus pronounced light reflection properties has. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-6, characterized characterized in that the front and top of each plate plan sanded and dull or shiny polished or - z. B. by shot peening - refractive rough is designed. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-7 characterized characterized in that the return or underside of each plate ground flat and dull or shiny polished or - z. B. by shot peening - refractive rough is designed. Stone slabs according to one of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the back and bottom of each plate ground flat and coated with colorless-transparent and / or colored or transparent color-coated glass particles, wherein a (preferably reaction-cured) colorless or color tinted highly transparent and light-stable resin system Coating matrix is used. Stone slabs according to claim 9, characterized in that that on the back of the plate applied glass particles as a geometrically irregular broken Glass granules or as round or oval glass beads. Stone slabs according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the grain size of the on the Plattenruck- or - bottom applied Glass particles averages at least 1 mm and at most 8 mm, and the thickness of the resin coating matrix is at least 20% and at most 50% of the average grain size. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-11, characterized characterized in that the stone slab bonded a cementitious Cast stone slab is, which in the fine grain area <2 mm natural stone aggregates and in the Coarse grain area> 2 mm Natural stone aggregates and / or surcharges made of colored coated glass granules, coated mirror glass granules or coated with iridescent or luminescent effect pigments Contains glass granules. Stone slabs according to one of claims 1-11, characterized characterized in that the stone tablet is polymer bound, wherein a reaction-cured pigmented epoxy resin system or a reaction-hardened clear glass or pigmented aliphatic polyurethane resin system serves as a binder and the surcharges of natural stone and / or of colorless and / or colored glass flour or glass granules and / or color-coated or with effect pigment coated glass or Mirror glass granules exist. Use of partially translucent stone slabs according to claims 1-13 in connection with natural or artificial Light sources as components for double floor systems mounted on stilts, as elements for exhibition stand construction, Table, counter and staircase or Stufenbau, for parapet and base constructions, partition wall, curtain wall and false ceiling systems, for interior wall and exterior wall cladding, as components in church construction as well as for objects in gardening and landscaping, in well and monument construction and in other objects of "furniture" public surfaces and rooms.