DE202009017830U1 - Flat plate solar collector - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar flat collector (FK, FK ', FK'') with at least one absorber surface (A), a transparent cover (G, G''), as well as with at least one heat transfer tube (R, R', R ''), which a Includes heat transfer fluid (F), wherein
- Sun radiation (S) is able to penetrate the cover (G, G '') and then to get on the absorber surface (A, A ', A'') and to heat it, and
- The heat transfer tube (R, R ', R'') on which the absorber surface (A, A', A '') is arranged and is in thermal and mechanical contact with this, so that heating of the absorber surface (A, A ' , A '') by solar radiation (S) due to heat conduction to a heating of the heat transfer tube (R, R ', R'') and thus also to a heating of the therein heat transfer fluid (F) leads.
characterized in that the / the heat transfer tube / s (R, R ', R'') is a heat pipe (R, R', R ''), namely a heat pipe or a two-phase thermosyphon is.

Description

Technical area:

The The invention relates to a solar flat collector with at least one Absorber surface, a transparent cover, as well as with at least one heat transfer tube, which a Contains heat transfer medium, according to the Preamble of claim 1.

State of the art:

The The operating principle of solar flat-plate collectors is based on the fact that Solar radiation irradiated an absorber surface, there mostly is absorbed and thereby heats the absorber surface, this being in thermal contact with, as a rule, a meandering shape spiral or with several parallel tubes. These are from a heat to a store, a heat exchanger or a consumer dissipating heat transfer fluid flows through. The tube or the parallel tubes run in one plane, which explains the term "flat solar collector".

From the DE 20 2007 008 053 U1 is a high-performance vacuum flat-plate collector is known, which consists of three parts, namely transparent glass, darkened, heat-absorbing, heat-resistant discs and a heat conducting plate, on which there is a heat transfer tube. Furthermore, the describes DE 10 2007 062 264 A1 a solar thermal vacuum flat collector, which consists of very few individual parts.

The DE 202 16 297 U1 describes a heliothermal flat collector module in sandwich construction with a sheet metal panel, a register-like arrangement of capillary tube and an insulating core, wherein the capillary tubes are placed on a surface of the insulating core and this is elastically bonded to the sheet metal panel.

The Solar flat plate collectors of the prior art is the disadvantage common that the removal of the heat gained relative is ineffective and in most cases the heat transfer fluid must be promoted with a circulating pump, what consuming and consuming energy.

Technical task:

Of the Invention is based on the object, a solar flat collector to create, the on particularly simple, little expensive Way to produce and a great solar crop as well has a long life. The invention is also the task to create a solar flat-plate collector with the primary Circulation of the heat transfer fluid a circulating pump becomes redundant, whereby the manufacturing costs and the production costs are reduced as well as the operation of the solar flat collector energy is saved and thus the overall efficiency of the solar flat collector opposite to be improved in the prior art.

Solution of the task:

• A1 This object is achieved by a solar flat collector with at least one absorber surface, a transparent cover, and with at least one heat transfer tube, which contains a heat transfer fluid, wherein solar radiation is capable of penetrating the cover and then get to the absorber surface and this to heat, and the heat transfer tube where the absorber surface is arranged and with this is in thermal and mechanical contact, causing a warming the absorber surface due to solar radiation due to Heat conduction to a heating of the heat transfer tube and thus also to a warming of the therein Heat transfer fluid leads, wherein the heat transfer tube is a heat pipe, namely a heat pipe or a two-phase thermosyphon, is.
• A2 Preferably, the solar flat collector has a thermal insulation on that the outflow of heat loss to the outside of the solar flat collector reduced.

Heat pipes, namely heatpipes and two-phase thermosiphon are tubular, closed heat exchanger, using the heat of vaporization of a heat transfer medium, eg. As water, which is enclosed in the heat pipe or two-phase thermosiphon and is present partly in the gaseous, partly in the liquid phase, a particularly high heat flux density and thus allow a particularly effective heat transfer. With the same heat transfer performance and the same operating conditions, heat pipes and two-phase thermosiphones are much lighter than conventional heat exchangers. Heatpipes and two-phase thermosiphones are also collectively referred to as "heat pipes". The heat pipe has a capacitor at one end. The tube, in which the heat transfer medium is located, opens into the condenser. The part of the tube outside the condenser is called the evaporator zone. By absorbing heat in the evaporator zone, the liquid phase of the heat transfer medium begins to evaporate and the heat is stored as latent energy. The newly formed steam creates a gradient of vapor pressure, which causes the this steam flows in the direction of the condenser. There, the heat absorbed through a phase transformation steam-liquid (release of latent heat) is released again. The thus formed by condensation liquid returns in the two-phase thermosiphon by gravity from the condenser back into the evaporator zone. Two-phase thermosiphon must therefore always have a slope along the pipe in order to work, ie the condenser must be higher than the evaporator zone. A vertical installation is possible, the angle of inclination is preferably 15 ° to 90 ° to the horizontal. In the heat pipe, the liquid returns to the evaporator zone by capillary action; Heatpipes can therefore also be installed or mounted horizontally.

The Inside the wall of the heat pipe pipe can, for example by means of a covering or by a special surface treatment designed so that capillaries for the transport of the liquid heat transfer medium are formed. It is also known to provide a wick in the interior to a To produce capillary action.

On Reason for the effective, very fast removal of heat out of the evaporator zone is the heat loss through Dissipation of heat to the outside of the solar flat collector low; This is a significant advantage of the invention Flat plate solar collector.

ever come after the intended working temperature of the heat pipe various media as heat transfer medium in question, especially water, oil and various chemicals.

• A3 Bevorzugt ist zwischen der Absorberfläche und dem Wärmeträgerrohr thermischer und zugleich mechanischer Kontakt durch einen Wärmeleitkleber hergestellt. A4 Bevorzugt fixiert der Wärmeleitkleber zusätzlich das Wärmeträgerrohr an der Absorberfläche.
• A5 Die Absorberfläche kann insbesondere durch eine Folie oder Platte, insbesondere Metallfolie oder Metallplatte, gebildet sein, an deren von der Abdeckung abgewandten Seite das Wärmeträgerrohr angeordnet ist.
• A6 Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Wärmeleitkleber zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs zwischen Absorberfläche und Wärmeträgerrohr ein solcher, in welchen Partikel, Körner oder Späne aus Metall, insbesondere Kupfer, eingebettet sind. A7 Bevorzugt ist der Wärmeleitkleber ein solcher, welcher im ausgehärteten Zustand hochelastisch ist.
• A8 Bevorzugt ist ein Nanogel als Wärme dämmendes Material Teil der Wärmedämmung. Nanogel ist als hochwirksamer Dämmstoff z. B. unter dem Handelsnamen ”Aerogel” in Granulatform erhältlich. Grundbestandteil von ”Areogel” ist amorphe Kieselsäure (Silica). A9 Die Wärmedämmung kann wenigstens eine Matte enthalten oder aufweisen, welche Nanogel enthält.

The heat transfer tube can z. B. be welded to the absorber surface, for. B. by laser welding. According to another variant, the heat transfer tube is pressed against the absorber surface. Preferably, the mechanical contact or the Anschmiegung between absorber surface and heat transfer tube is improved by rubbing.

• A3 is preferably made between the absorber surface and the heat transfer tube thermal and mechanical contact at the same time by a thermal adhesive. A4 Preferably, the thermal adhesive additionally fixes the heat transfer tube to the absorber surface.
• A5 The absorber surface may in particular be formed by a foil or plate, in particular metal foil or metal plate, on whose side remote from the cover the heat carrier tube is arranged.
• A6 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat-conducting adhesive for improving the heat transfer between the absorber surface and the heat transfer tube is one in which particles, grains or shavings of metal, in particular copper, are embedded. A7 Preferably, the thermal adhesive is one which is highly elastic in the cured state.
• A8 Preferably, a nanogel as a heat-insulating material is part of the thermal insulation. Nanogel is a highly effective insulation z. B. under the trade name "airgel" in granular form available. The basic component of "Areogel" is amorphous silicic acid (silica). A9 The thermal insulation may contain or include at least one mat containing nanogel.

One An essential advantage of Nanogel is its extraordinary strong thermal insulation effect. Another advantage is that no moisture problems occur because nanogel does not absorb moisture, unlike traditional ones Insulation materials.

• A10 Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung weicht der Querschnitt des Wärmeträgerrohrs von der Kreisform ab und weist die Form eines Dreiecks oder eines Dreiecks mit wenigstens einer abgerundeten Ecke oder eines Dreiecks mit wenigstens einer nach außen gebogenen Seite oder eines Dreiecks mit wenigstens einer nach außen gebogenen Seite und wenigstens einer abgerundeten Ecke auf, wobei eine Seite des Dreiecks der Absorberfläche zugewandt und parallel zu dieser ausgerichtet ist und die dieser Seite gegenüberliegende Ecke des Dreiecks von der Absorberfläche abgewandt ist.
• A11 Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung weicht der Querschnitt des Wärmeträgerrohrs von der Kreisform ab und weist die Form eines Rechtecks oder Quadrates oder eines Rechtecks oder Quadrates mit wenigstens einer abgerundeten Ecke oder eines Rechtecks oder Quadrates mit wenigstens einer nach außen gebogenen Seite oder eines Rechtecks oder Quadrates mit wenigstens einer nach außen gebogenen Seite und wenigstens einer abgerundeten Ecke auf, wobei eine Seite des Rechtecks oder Quadrates der Absorberfläche zugewandt und parallel zu dieser ausgerichtet ist, und die dieser Seite gegen überliegende Seite des Rechtecks oder Quadrates von der Absorberfläche abgewandt ist.
• A12 Bevorzugt weist das Wärmerohr in einem seiner Endbereiche einen Kondensator auf, welcher sich in einem von einer Nutzwärmeflüssigkeit durchströmten Wärmetauscher befindet, wobei der Kondensator ohne zwischengeschaltetes festes Material in direktem Kontakt mit der Nutzwärmeflüssigkeit steht und Wärme an diese abgibt, und die Nutzwärmeflüssigkeit diese Wärme nach außerhalb des Solar-Flachkollektors transportiert.

Nanogel is a thermal insulation material, which in addition to an outstanding thermal insulation or insulation has other special properties, eg. B. rot, settling and non-flammable to fill bulky cavities completely due to its structure and absorb moisture. Advantages of using nanogel as thermal insulation material result from its compared to, for example, mineral wool five times higher thermal insulation property. In addition, Nanogel is ecologically harmless compared to other thermal insulation materials.

• A10 According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the cross section of the heat transfer tube differs from the circular shape and has the shape of a triangle or a triangle with at least one rounded corner or triangle with at least one outwardly bent side or a triangle with at least one outwardly bent side and at least one rounded corner, wherein one side of the triangle faces the absorber surface and is oriented parallel thereto and the corner of the triangle opposite this side faces away from the absorber surface.
• A11 According to a further variant of the invention, the cross section of the heat transfer tube differs from the circular shape and has the shape of a rectangle or square or a rectangle or square with at least one rounded corner or a rectangle or square with at least one outwardly bent side or a rectangle or Square with at least one outwardly bent side and at least one rounded corner, wherein one side of the rectangle or square facing the absorber surface and aligned parallel thereto, and this side facing away from the absorber surface opposite side of the rectangle or square.
• A12 Preferably, in one of its end regions, the heat pipe has a condenser which is located in a heat exchanger through which a useful heat fluid flows, wherein the condenser without intermediate solid material is in direct contact with the useful heat fluid and gives off heat to it, and the useful heat fluid re-injects this heat transported outside of the solar flat collector.

Of the Flat collector according to the invention is a novel Solar collector with heat pipe tube system or with two-phase thermosiphon tube system. Conventional flat plate collectors are equipped with a hydraulic system in the harp system or with meandering pipe guides produced. An inventive flat collector with heat pipes works in a similar way to a heat pipe vacuum tube collector, however, without the need for a vacuum tube and a Reflector.

The Absorber surface, which preferably has a selective absorber surface BlueTec transmits through absorption heat generated by solar radiation directly onto the heat pipe or the heat pipes, which as heat pipes or as two-phase thermosiphon are formed and preferably made of copper. For example, you can 16 heat pipes per solar flat collector according to the invention be provided. At each heat pipe is a condenser arranged, which preferably in a heat exchanger or arranged a collection tube, for. B. soldered there.

Of the Heat exchanger is by Nutzwärmewasser (or a flows through other useful heat liquid), which, circulated by a pump, in a secondary cycle located and the condensers deprives heat and this to outside the flat collector to a consumer or Memory transported.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention are the sleeves omitted, so that the capacitors directly, without intermediate Material, the Nutzwärmewasserstrom are exposed. Consequently is the heat with reduced thermal resistance, d. H. higher efficiency, directly from the condenser to the heat transfer fluid or on transfer the useful heat water and from this z. B. supplied to a solar storage.

Because of the lack of a sleeve around the condenser is the flow resistance, which the Nutzwärmewasser when flowing through of the heat exchanger has overcome, d. H. the pressure loss of the useful heat water when flowing through of the heat exchanger decreases. Therefore, the useful heat water flow rate which saves energy and overall efficiency of the flat collector according to the invention increases.

The Heat transfer from the absorber surface on the heat pipe is preferably via a Industrial high performance thermal adhesive, preferably mixed with copper chips, which is a heat transfer force and also stabilize the connection. This will be expensive laser welding unnecessary. The thermal adhesive is preferably elastic and traps in this case, all strains up to a certain extent. One Tearing of the welds, which at conventional flat plates necessarily present are, therefore, omitted in an inventive Flat collector, and the full-surface absorbers keep at one flat collector according to the invention in a smooth appearance.

By The thermal adhesive can be the transfer surface be increased arbitrarily, what a higher efficiency.

Of the Flat collector according to the invention has one opposite conventional flat plate collectors with the same dimensions a much higher performance and works without high Pressure losses of useful heat water when the capacitors From the Nutzwärmewasser be flowed around directly, since the flow resistance of the useful heat water in the heat exchanger is reduced.

The Back insulation or thermal insulation of the flat collector according to the invention can be made Nanogel mats exist, which has a much higher insulation effect have as z. B. mineral wool. This can reduce the strength of Insulation or thermal insulation are greatly reduced and the height of the invention Flat collector can be reduced, z. B. at a height of 60 millimeters. As by the inventive Construction with at least one heat pipe the back Heat losses are reduced, is the thermal insulation not as important as conventional flat plate collectors. Another advantage is that no moisture problems occur because nanogel does not absorb moisture, in contrast to conventional insulation materials.

Of the Solar flat plate collector according to the invention is thus preferably with a special nanogel heat insulation Mistake. This can contribute to a special antifreeze strong frost can be dispensed with, since the useful heat liquid and the heat transfer fluid due to the most effective thermal insulation not can easily cool below its freezing point. The renunciation of antifreeze or thermal oils Saves labor, costs and environmental impact.

• 1. Konstruktion mit wenigstens einem Wärmerohr (Heat-Pipe oder Zwei-Phasen-Thermosiphon),
• 2. Wärmeübertragung unterstützt durch industriellen Wärmeleitkleber,
• 3. innenliegender und direkt umströmter Kondensator, d. h. der Kondensator befindet sich im Inneren des Wärmetauschers und ist nicht von einer Hülse umgeben, so dass er in direktem Kontakt mit dem Nutzwärmewasser steht,
• 4. Dämmung mit Nanogel-Matten (keine Feuchtigkeit in den Kollektoren).

According to a preferred embodiment The flat plate collector of the prior art differs as follows:

• 1. construction with at least one heat pipe (heat pipe or two-phase thermosyphon),
• 2. Heat transfer supported by industrial thermal adhesive,
• 3. internal and directly circulated condenser, ie the condenser is located inside the heat exchanger and is not surrounded by a sleeve so that it is in direct contact with the useful heat water,
• 4. Insulation with nanogel mats (no moisture in the collectors).

The Heat transfer takes place in an inventive Flat collector over the absorber surface or the Absorber plate. The absorber surface or the absorber sheet is preferable with the heat pipe or the heat pipes connected at the back. The heat pipe transmits the heat by evaporation in the condenser, this in the distributor or in the heat exchanger to the heat transfer fluid of the solar circuit or of a secondary circuit (eg to the useful heat of the Nutzwärmewasserkreislaufs) transmits.

The Heat transfer of conventional collectors via laser-welded or pressed connections with backside copper or aluminum tubes. The heat transfer in an inventive Flat plate is preferred by a special high temperature resistant Thermal adhesive up to 1000 ° C and metal shavings executed or supported.

The Insulation of the flat collector according to the invention preferably contains nanogel mats or consists of such Mats, z. B. with 10 mm thickness (product of NASA), which Heat losses are minimized. The nanogel insulation is not rotting and does not absorb moisture. This can the height of the flat collector according to the invention be minimized. The nanogel mats are preferably forward or to the interior of the flat collector z. B. with aluminum foil sealed to prevent any outgassing.

Summary of the drawing, in which show by way of example and schematically:

1 a cross section through an embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention,

2 a cross section through another embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention

3 a perspective view of an embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention,

4 a cross section through a further embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention,

5 a plan view of the flat collector of 4 with dashed tubes and capacitors, because they are covered by the absorber surface and the heat exchanger of the solar flat collector,

6 an end portion of the heat pipes of a solar flat collector according to the invention, with a condenser, wherein the heat pipe is a two-phase thermosyphon here, which z. B. in the solar flat collector of 4 and 5 can be used

7 a cross-sectional detail through one of the heat pipes of the solar flat plate of the 4 and 5 , which is fixed by means of thermal adhesive to the absorber surface, and

8th a plan view of the heat pipes and the heat exchanger of the solar flat collector of 4 and 5 ,

1 shows a solar flat collector FK according to the invention with a flat absorber surface A, a transparent cover G, which is formed here by a glass plate G, three heat transfer tubes R, each containing a heat transfer medium F, V, z. B. water in the liquid state F and in the vapor state V, as well as with a thermal insulation D. The glass plate G and the thermal insulation D enclose an air-filled cavity H, at its side facing away from the glass plate G boundary surface, the absorber surface A is arranged. Solar radiation S incident on the flat solar collector FK is able to penetrate the glass plate G and to reach the absorber surface A after passing through the cavity H. The solar radiation reaching the absorber surface is largely absorbed there, so that the absorber surface heats up.

The Heat transfer tubes R according to the invention are heat pipes, d. H. Heatpipes or two-phase thermosiphon. They are at the Bottom of the absorber surface A mechanically fixed and stand with this in both thermal and mechanical contact.

Therefore, a heating of the absorber surface A by absorption of solar radiation S due to heat conduction to a heating of the heat transfer tubes R and thus also to a heating of the therein heat transfer medium F, the heat insulation D the outflow of Ver heat loss to the outside of the solar flat collector K significantly reduced.

The evaporation of heat transfer medium F, the transport of latent heat to the in 1 Not shown capacitors and the local release of latent heat by condensation has already been explained above page 3 line 22 - page 4 line 12.

The Heat transfer tubes R are according to the invention heat pipes or two-phase thermosiphone, d. H. Heat pipes R ("heat pipe" is a collective term for heatpipe and two-phase thermosyphon). The Heat transfer medium F, V is at the same time in liquid Phase F and in vapor phase V before. Between the absorber surface A and each Wämeträgerrohr R is thermal and at the same time mechanical contact with a thermal adhesive WK produced, which the heat transfer tube R preferably fixed elastically to the absorber surface A.

The Fixing the heat transfer tubes according to the invention R on the absorber surface A by means of the thermal adhesive WK brings opposite a fixation by welding several significant benefits. One of these advantages exists in that a bond is less labor intensive and therefore cheaper and much faster feasible than a weld.

One Another advantage of the bond is that no material damage due to heat during welding. The possibility the tearing of the welds or heat induced premature material fatigue in the area the welds are eliminated and it exists no risk that the absorber surface A through the Heat during welding warps or becomes uneven.

One additional advantage of the bond is that as Adhesive such a thermal adhesive can be used can, which is highly elastic, so that a so prepared inventive, unlike a welded, flat solar panel against mechanical tension and frequent strong temperature changes is largely resistant.

One yet another advantage of bonding with thermal adhesive compared to a weld is that by applying a large amount of thermal adhesive WK the heat transfer surface of the absorber surface A to the heat transfer tube R almost arbitrarily increased can be, reducing the thermal resistance of the absorber surface A to the heat transfer tube R is reduced. This is not readily possible with a weld.

The absorber area A is in the present example of 1 formed by a metal plate A, on whose side facing away from the cover G side (ie, on the underside of the absorber surface A), the heat transfer tube R is arranged.

Prefers is the Wärmeleitkleber WK such, in which in large Number of particles, grains or shavings of metal, in particular Copper, embedded. By such a thermal adhesive is the thermal resistance of the absorber surface A to Heat transfer tube R also reduced and at the same time improves the mechanical tensile strength of the bond.

The Thermal insulation D reduces heat losses the solar flat collector K and thus increases its efficiency. On the outside of the insulation D this additionally has a bonded nanogel mat N on which a very large heat insulating Has effect and thus further reduces heat losses. The nanogel mat N contains an extremely fine-grained Nanogel granules, as z. B. under the trade name "Airgel" in the trade is. The basic component of "Airgel" is amorphous Silica (silica).

Two-phase thermal Iphone are, unlike heatpipes, always mounted with such longitudinal gradient, that the condenser is higher than the evaporator zone, otherwise there is no heat flow in them. An inventive Solar flat collector with two-phase thermosyphon must therefore always inclined or mounted vertically or mounted. this applies not for a solar flat collector according to the invention with heat pipe.

2 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a solar flat collector FK 'according to the invention, in which the in 1 illustrated pipes R are replaced with circular cross-section through pipes R 'with triangular cross-section, wherein the corners of the triangles are rounded. One side of the triangles is respectively facing the absorber surface A and aligned parallel thereto. An advantage of this embodiment is compared to the solar flat collector FK of 1 significantly lower thermal resistance between tube R 'and absorber surface A.

3 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention, with some components thereof are only partially shown to share the view of underlying components.

4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a solar flat collector according to the invention FK '', with a glass plate G '', an absorber plate A '', and with a cavity located therebetween H ''. In the present example the solar flat collector FK '' eleven heat pipes R '', so heatpipes or two-phase thermosiphon, on, which are all fixed by means of thermal adhesive WK on the underside of the absorber plate A '' and rest on a thermal insulation D ''. This has the shape of a rectangular bowl, in which the absorber plate A '' and the heat pipes R '' are added.

5 shows a plan view of the solar flat collector FK '' of 4 , with heat pipes R '' and capacitors K, which are shown in dashed lines, because they are covered by an absorber surface A '' and a heat exchanger WT. The heat exchanger WT is flowed through by not shown useful heat water and has an inlet ZL to the inlet of the useful heat water and an outlet AL to the outlet of the useful heat water. The Nutzwärmewasser flows around the heat exchanger, the capacitors K, deprives them of useful heat, which they have absorbed by condensation of vaporous heat transfer medium V, and heats up. From the outlet AL the Nutzwärmewasser to a heat consumer, not shown, for. B. radiator, or promoted to a heat storage, recorded in the heat exchanger WT useful heat there again and is again promoted to the inlet ZL, ie the Nutzwärmewasser is in a circuit which in 5 not shown.

6 shows an end portion of the tube R '''of a two-phase thermosiphon R''', K '''', which has at its one end a capacitor K '''and in the solar flat collector of 4 and 5 can be used. The two-phase thermosyphon R ''',K''' is inclined or perpendicular to the horizontal W; This is a mandatory requirement for its functionality.

7 shows one opposite the 4 and 5 enlarged cross-sectional detailed view through one of the tubes R '' of the solar flat collector K '' of 4 and 5 , The tube R '' is part of a heat pipe and fixed by means of thermal adhesive WK on the underside of the absorber surface A 'that is given by the thermal adhesive WK the best possible heat transfer from the absorber surface A' to the tube R ''. To achieve this, the thermal adhesive WK covers a large area on the underside of the absorber surface A "and a large area on the outside of the tube R".

8th shows a plan view of the tubes R '' and the heat exchanger WT of the solar flat collector FK '' of 4 and 5 , The capacitors K ( 5 ) are located inside the heat exchanger WT and are in 8th not shown.

Industrial Applicability:

The Invention is industrially applicable, especially in the field of technology of renewable energy and in building services.

List of reference numbers:

• A, A "

  absorber surface

  D, D ''

  thermal insulation

  G, G ''

  Cover, glass plate

  F

  Heat transfer fluid

  H, H ''

  cavity

  FK, FK ', FK' '

  Flat plate solar collector

  K

  capacitor

  N

  Nanogel mat

  R, R 'R' '

  Heat transfer tube

  S

  solar radiation

  V

  steam

  W

  horizontal

  WK

  Thermal Adhesive

  WT

  heat exchangers

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 202007008053 U1 [0003]
• - DE 102007062264 A1 [0003]
• - DE 20216297 U1 [0004]

Claims (12)

Solar flat collector (FK, FK ', FK'') with at least one absorber surface (A), a transparent cover (G, G''), as well as with at least one heat transfer tube (R, R', R ''), which a Contains heat transfer fluid (F), wherein - solar radiation (S) is able to penetrate the cover (G, G '') and then to get on the absorber surface (A, A ', A'') and to heat it, and the heat carrier tube (R, R ', R'') on which the absorber surface (A, A', A '') is arranged and is in thermal and mechanical contact therewith, so that heating of the absorber surface (A, A ', A '') by solar radiation (S) due to heat conduction to a heating of the heat transfer tube (R, R ', R'') and thus also to a heating of the therein heat transfer fluid (F) leads. characterized in that the / the heat transfer tube / s (R, R ', R'') is a heat pipe (R, R', R ''), namely a heat pipe or a two-phase thermosyphon is. Solar flat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that that the solar flat collector (FK, FK ', FK' ') a thermal insulation (D, D ''), which the outflow of heat loss reduced to outside the solar flat collector (FK, FK ', FK' '). Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the absorber surface (A, A ', A' ') and the Wämeträgerrohr (R, R', R '') thermal and mechanical contact with a thermal adhesive (WK) is made. Solar flat collector according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thermal adhesive (WK) the heat transfer tube (R, R ', R' ') fixed to the absorber surface (A, A', A ''). Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorber surface (A, A ', A '') by a film or plate, in particular metal foil or Metal plate (A, A ', A' ') is formed, at whose from the cover (G, G '') facing away from the heat transfer tube (R, R ', R' ') is arranged. Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal adhesive (WK) for Improvement of the heat transfer between absorber surface (A, A ', A' ') and heat transfer tube (R, R', R '') such is in which particles, grains or chips made of metal, in particular copper, are embedded. Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal adhesive (WK) a which is highly elastic in the cured state is. Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a nanogel as a heat-insulating Material is part of the thermal insulation (D, D ''). Solar flat collector according to claim 7, characterized in that that the thermal insulation (D, D '') at least one Contains mat (N), which contains nanogel. Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that the cross section of the heat transfer tube (R ') deviates from the circular shape and the shape - one triangle - or a triangle with at least one rounded corner - or a triangle with at least an outwardly bent side - or one Triangle with at least one side bent outwards and at least a rounded corner has, wherein a Side of the triangle of the absorber surface (A) facing and aligned parallel to this and the opposite side of this page of the triangle facing away from the absorber surface (A). Solar flat collector according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that the cross section of the heat transfer tube deviates from the circular shape and the shape - a rectangle or squares - or a rectangle or square with at least one rounded corner - or one Rectangles or squares with at least one outward curved side - or a rectangle or square with at least one outwardly bent side and at least a rounded corner having one side of the rectangle or square of the absorber surface (A) faces and is aligned parallel to this. Solar flat-plate collector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat pipe (R, R, R '') has in one of its end regions a condenser (K) which is located in a heat exchanger (WT) through which a useful heat fluid flows the condenser (K) is in direct contact with the useful heat fluid and gives off heat to it without any intermediate solid material, and the useful heat fluid dissipates this heat outside the solar flat collector (FK, FK ', FK'').