DE202009003446U1 - Wind turbine with horizontal rotor and additional flow aids - Google Patents

Abstract

Wind turbine with horizontal rotor and additional flow aids to increase performance
characterized,
that a wind turbine a horizontal rotor lying horizontally with rotor axis (11), acc. Protection claim 1, assigns and this to increase performance with additional flow aids, gem. Protection claim 2 with 2 subclaims, is provided.
that the laminar chambers (18) of the rotor, acc. Protection claim 3 with 2 subclaim, equipped with drain holes and heating elements.
that the wind deflector (12), acc. Protection claim 4, equipped with a solid, inflatable rubber layer.
that the power generating generator (20), acc. Protection claim 5 with 1 subclaim, in the upper tower segment (7) is anchored vertically standing and is driven by a suitable gear assembly from the rotor.

Description

Purpose:

The The invention relates to a wind turbine of renewable energies according to the Savonius principle, but with horizontal rotor. The effect of the wind on the rotor is mainly based on the principle of resistance, mutually also on the aerodynamic Buoyancy principle. This rotor is designed for use on concrete or concrete structures Steel of suitable size, subordinate to windy regions Water or installed on land, via custom gears drive large generators for commercial power generation. To increase performance and improve efficiency, be the rotor in its direct inflow additional Assigned flow aids. With these flow aids achievable higher rotational speeds and torques of the rotor, even at extremely low wind speeds (<1.5 m / sec) this horizontal drive system, in addition to its simple constructive structure and its simple operation, technically and economically for larger and more powerful generator drives very suitable for commercial power generation.

Criticism of the prior art:

There are still no wind turbines in the field of renewable energy for commercial power generation known whose generators are driven by the wind, by means of horizontal rotors and which are assigned to increase performance additional flow aids. Savonius rotors, which have been known mainly only in vertical design and in small format with low performance, have, if they are flowed freely by the wind, found because of their poor efficiency until today no significant access in the art. They are unsuitable even for low performance for commercial power generation. Only with additional flow aids, the simple Savonius rotor, in a suitable size, an adequate performance for commercial use for power generation can be taken. The commercially massively used wind turbines, which in contrast are massively used worldwide today, are generally driven by wind by three-bladed, vertically rotating rotors. Depending on their size, their diameters amount to approximately 40 to 80 meters and more, which means that the generators generating electricity have to be installed at high height (100 meters) on bolted tubular towers in a technically demanding manner. Due to these high structures, it is disadvantageous that at high flow velocities, a limited static moment and a high tilting moment of these systems must be accepted. The accessibility of the systems in case of faults (replacement of a generator) is only possible with high technical effort. These wind turbines work in contrast to the aforementioned horizontal wind turbines invariably after the known aerodynamic principle of lift (negative pressure on the top profile). They are considered with their large rotor diameters as a slow-speed, which adversely affects their construction and in particular on their operation (stall at higher blade tip speeds). Therefore, they are not comparable in their design and physical operation with the drive of wind turbines with horizontal rotors. They require high minimum wind speeds for their operation and do not restart themselves after standstill (wind doldrums, maintenance or repair) due to the system. They can only be brought back into rotation by means of additional electric motors via an external power supply (accumulators) and adapted to the current wind speeds again. Also, the essential for the operation of wind turbines Windnachführung the rotors and the required rotor blade adjustment for normal operation and for the storm and braking position must be carried out separately via this external power supply for each individual system mechanically and electronically. Due to the fact that the entire upper head part of the high plant with its rotating rotor, rotor head, gearbox and generator has to rotate in the wind tracking, the supply and discharge supply lines are subjected to heavy load and often cause disturbances. Wind tracking (rotation of the systems) beyond 360 ° is therefore not possible due to the system. They must be monitored consuming and turned back to their original position. The power achieved so far with these large and high wind turbines reached a maximum so far maximum of about 2 to 2.5 MW. Elaborate endurance tests in the past with large-scale systems of this type (80 to 100 m rotor diameter and 100 meter tower height) in Germany have clearly shown that their construction, but especially their subsequent operation, are subject to greater technical, natural and thus also economic limits than previously expected , Only a few regions in Germany, except those in the shallow waters of the coastal regions, fulfill the necessary weather conditions for the implementation of sustainable and economic operation. The failures with these large plants have ultimately led to the fact that one had to stop the large-scale experiments in order to be satisfied with smaller and less efficient facilities. As a result, huge rotor forests have emerged in many parts of the country, including Germany, which, due to their visual and acoustic impairment of the environment, coupled with the far too low power output, have caused much criticism among the affected population have led. The finding that the shallow waters of the coastal regions (offshore), because of their higher and more permanent wind speeds and the barely perceptible optics and acoustics of the plants (curvature), as a location for wind turbines are better suited than many regions on land so far can not prevail elementary worldwide. Also, the recently installed even higher experimental facilities (meanwhile 120 meters tower height), with by no means assured higher performance, in the regions on the North Sea, Baltic Sea and on the high seas have so far made no recognizable contribution to the solution of better and more economically justifiable techniques. Instead, the plants are structurally higher, the rotors are getting bigger and more vulnerable. They are still too close to inhabited shores and beaches because you can hear them and you can see them. The ever increasing scarcity of limited fossil fuels in the world, coupled with the high supply vulnerabilities of the import of gas and oil, and the much needed reduction of harmful CO ₂ emissions in the already highly polluted earth atmosphere must be more urgent for technology and politics Reason to turn to intensively newer, simpler, but more powerful techniques. It can not be waived in the future on a more meaningful use of unlimited wind power in the future.

Troubleshooting:

This object is achieved in that a wind rotor (after the Savonius principle / Pat.-No. GB 244,414 ), arranges horizontally here. The effect of the flow on the rotor is based on both the resistance as well as mutually on the aerodynamic lift principle. The rotor itself consists of two vertically rotating round disks on a horizontal rotor axis. The half-shells (blades) lying horizontally between the two disks and arranged offset from one another, two or more, via which the constructional stability of the rotor is also achieved, are driven by the wind and rotate about the horizontal rotor axis. The mutually offset open half-shells of the rotor cause systemic that a portion of the forward air flow of the straight half shell, this redirects within the rotor, perpendicular to the opposite concave half shell pro-active vortriebswirksam. In order to prevent the resulting free flow of the horizontally disposed rotor flow losses on the convex backs of each lower rotating half shells that would slow down the rotor, this is assigned to increase the power in the direct Anströmbereich a steplessly lowerable about the rotor axis, parabolic rising Windleitfläche ( 1 - 1 - 3 ). This causes in its 0 ° position (perpendicular to Windanströmung) by their parabolic shape that the entire wind volume, the wind-flowed projected surface of the rotor (m1 × rotor length) lossless to 100% for the drive of the rotor can be converted usable can 2 ). Due to the simultaneous increase in the flow velocity to the rotor, caused by the parabolic of the wind deflector, which is higher than the oncoming wind speed itself, the rotor reaches high torques even at extremely low wind speeds (<1.5 m / sec). Due to the continuous lowering of the wind deflector, from the 0 ° position (neutral position) to -41 °, the resulting increased wind volume (m2 × rotor length) is further increased by 110% to a total of 210% = [(m1 + m2) × rotor length)] of the entire plant. By contrast, when the wind deflector is raised from 0 ° (neutral position) to + 32 °, its flat underside is automatically converted to brake and storm position by removing wind volume from the rotor until it comes to a standstill. The wind flow on the underside of the wind deflector is thereby derived ineffective downwards. The deceleration of the rotor during storm and hurricane is required to protect the system from over-destruction due to overspeed of the rotor and the generator at high wind speeds. The lowering and raising is automatically controlled depending on the wind. It has been confirmed by model tests that with the additional variable lowerable wind deflector, depending on the wind speed of the wind, substantial increases of stable rotational speeds and increased torques of the rotor are achieved.

Vibrations on the two axle bearings and directional stability of the entire system at. The subdivision thus also has a performance-enhancing effect on the rotor. For the required wind tracking of the rotor system, which consists of rotor, traverse with rotor bearing and the lowerable about the rotor axis Windleitfläche is rotatably mounted on the upper base of the upper tower segment around its center. To support the rotation of the entire rotor system, which is achieved only by the Windanströmung, these were assigned in the flow lag for automatic directional stabilization right and left stabilizing fins with additional controllable oars and trim tabs. They are part of the variable wind deflector and cause the wind flow always impinges perpendicular to the rotor at all preselected positions of the wind deflector. The system automatically adapts to any wind direction thanks to the stabilizing fins, as proved on the model. The rotation of the traverse from 0 ° to 360 ° beyond system is not limited, because the generator generating electricity in the upper tower segment is vertically anchored firmly and does not rotate with a suitable gear arrangement with the rotor system. This ensures that a repositioning of the rotor system during operation because of sluggish power and supply cable is not required.

Executable example:

The wind turbine ( 3 ) is manufactured for weight and assembly reasons in modular construction on land and assembled at the future location. It is said to be built on a solid concrete base consisting of 4 diagonally joinable individual segments ( 1 ). To frictionally connect the individual segments of the base, they are sunk in land on land. For the construction of the plant in the shallow water area (under water), the segments are structurally nested together so that they are firmly joined together by their high weight. In this base is a concrete tower ( 2 ) introduced into an already prefabricated round shaft. The lower inner concrete tower, which is closed with a dense bottom, has an integrated reinforcement ring on the outside at the level of the pedestal termination to additionally increase the stalling moment of the installation ( 3 ). Its interior is intended as additional ballast space ( 4 ). If necessary, it can be filled with gravel or flooded with water. There are no other openings provided to the outside. The ballast space is upwards through a hatch with the electronics compartment / control console ( 5 ) accessible and watertight foreclosed. In the electronics room, all the necessary controls for the electronics, hydraulics and mechanics for operating the system are combined to form a control station, which can also be monitored and controlled telemetrically from a remote control center. The access to the control desk is via an externally mounted, circular walkway ( 6 ) and over the generator room ( 8th ) of the upper tower segment ( 7 ), also made of concrete, to reach via a spiral staircase leading downwards. The upper tower segment is flush with the lower tower segment and firmly connected to it. It is conically widened upwards in diameter and serves, centered forward offset (perpendicular to the wind direction), in the uppermost end part, as a reinforced receiving platform for the waterproof rotary unit of the entire rotor system ( 9 ). This itself consists of the traverse with both associated bearing supports A, B ( 10 ), which carries the entire rotor unit and the horizontal rotor with rotor axis ( 11 ), which at their ends the storage of Windleitfläche ( 12 ) with the stabilizing fins ( 13 ). To support the automatic wind tracking of the system, the stabilizing fins were additionally equipped with oars ( 14 ) and trim tabs ( 15 ) Mistake. Inside, the rotor consists of two staggered, open half-shells ( 16 ) with laminar fences ( 17 ) in laminar chambers ( 18 ) are divided. The power transmission of the rotor ( 11 ) on the generator ( 20 ) is by means of an adapted, weather-protected spur gear in the left truss support A and a triple-mounted shaft on the underside of the traverse ( 9 ) in the angular gear of the generator ( 21 ). The fixed in the middle of the generator room, fixed anchor generator ( 20 ) is not part of the traverse rotating in the wind caster ( 9 ). When selecting this drive version, both the weight and the required accessibility of the electricity generating generator were taken into account when replacing ( 20 ). A repositioning of the rotor system, because of sluggish supply cables from and to the generator, as in most wind turbines currently in use, is not required. The system is equipped on the underside of the traverse with its own lifting device and a trolley, with a working range of 360 °, pivoting for a necessary weather-independent alternator change. The control units of the system for lowering and raising the wind deflector and for the rudders and trim tabs of stabilizing fins are also housed in the generator room. The entire system works automatically and is unoccupied.

Achieved benefits:

• - simple and uncomplicated construction and operation of the entire system.
• - Limited construction height due to horizontally lying Rotor, low visual impact on the environment.
• - no harmful acoustic noises running rotor.
• - Construction of the plant in the shallow waters of the coastal regions (offshore), low visual impairment.
• - High rotational speeds and removable torques the rotors, at extremely low Windanströmgeschwindigkeiten (<1.5 m / sec).
• - Self-start of the rotor from all positions, none external auxiliary function required.
• - Increase of performance (improvement of Efficiency) of the rotor by stepless adjustment of a controllable, Parabolic rising wind deflector.
• - by increasing the wind volume.
• - Stabilization of flow guidance inside the half shells of the rotor by subdivision into laminar chambers.
• - Automatic wind tracking of the rotatable rotor system by additional flow fins with controllable oars and trim tabs, only by the wind flow, no external auxiliary functions required.
• - Fixed, not co-rotating with the rotor system Generating generator in the upper tower segment of the plant. Thereby high weight savings of the rotating rotor system.
• - Easy accessibility for maintenance and repair of the plant. Replacement of the generator with on-board Lifting device, no major use of cranes or Helicopters required. This high reduction of operating costs.
• - Due to the selected modular design of the entire Plant, the construction is also in extremely difficult terrain possible.
• - Low storm and hurricane susceptibility low center of gravity. The braking effect is achieved by lifting the wind deflector reaches, the wind flow is derived ineffective under the plant.
• - Very low weather-dependent susceptibility to interference the plant, through targeted removal of rainwater and meltwater, after heating the laminar chambers by means of built-in heating elements and drain holes.
• - High suitability of the invention for use for commercial power generation, as the plant via telemetric monitoring and control both on land and in the coastal shelf is.

to Deepening of lawful flow dependencies between the height of a plant, the further embodiment of the rotor, the slope of the parabolic, raising the bridge the wind deflector and the effect of higher Windanströmgeschwindigkeiten up to approx. 25-35 m / sec on the entire structure of the plant, is the construction of a model in the scale 1:10 and the associated measuring experiments essential in the wind tunnel.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• GB 244414 [0003]

Claims (10)

Wind turbine with horizontal rotor and additional flow aids to increase performance, characterized in that a wind turbine is a horizontally disposed rotor with horizontal rotor axis ( 11 ), acc. Protection claim 1, assigns and this to increase performance with additional flow aids, gem. Protection claim 2 with 2 subclaims, is provided. that the laminar chambers ( 18 ) of the rotor, acc. Protection claim 3 with 2 subclaim, equipped with drain holes and heating elements. that the wind deflector ( 12 ), acc. Protection claim 4, equipped with a solid, inflatable rubber layer. that the electricity generating generator ( 20 ), acc. Protection claim 5 with 1 dependent claim, in the upper tower segment ( 7 ) is anchored vertically standing and is driven by a suitable gear assembly from the rotor. Wind turbine according to Claim 1, characterized in that a rotor with rotor axis ( 11 ) in the two bearing supports A and B of the traverse ( 9 ) horizontally arranged. Wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor ( 11 ) one about the rotor axis, infinitely adjustable, parabolic rising wind deflecting surface ( 12 ) assigns, the web of the parabolic is lowered in lowering collectively in an optimal flow position to the rotor. Wind turbine according to dependent claim 3, characterized in that the rotor ( 11 ) in the flow caster on the right and left each a stabilizing fin ( 13 ) with oars ( 14 ) and trim flap ( 15 ). Wind turbine according to dependent claim 3, characterized in that the two half-shells ( 16 ) of the rotor ( 11 ) by laminar fences ( 17 ) in laminar chambers ( 18 ). Wind turbine according to protection Claim 3, characterized in that the laminar chambers ( 18 ) of the rotor with drain openings to prevent imbalance of the rotor, caused by penetrating rain or melt water. Wind power plant according to dependent claim 6, characterized in that the laminar chambers ( 18 ) of the rotor punctually with heating elements to dissipate the melt water of snow and ice can. Wind turbine according to protection Claim 4, characterized in that the parabolic of the wind deflecting surface ( 12 ) equipped with a fixed, inflatable rubber mat to prevent ice formation and snow deposits. Wind turbine according to protection Claim 5, characterized in that the generator generating electricity ( 20 ) in the upper tower segment ( 7 ) vertical, firmly anchored and not part of the rotating traverse ( 9 ). Wind power plant according to dependent claim 9, characterized in that the drive of the generator ( 20 ) by means of a spur gear in the truss support (A) via a triple-mounted shaft below the traverse ( 9 ) via a bevel gear.