DE202009000592U1 - Tailable, highly efficient drive structure for different explosive fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

The drive structure is characterized in that a torus 30 is formed by forming a fixed housing 1 and a rotor 2 rotating about the axis 13 with a piston 3, radially separated by suitable sealing slidings 12, at a suitable location together with an instillator 4a, a suitable shape and a suitable angle with respect to the axis AA ( 1 ), counter to the direction of rotation 27 and almost positively and precisely to each other and move into each other and rotate and ensures a continuous rotational movement 27 of the rotor 2 with the piston 3.

Description

The The invention relates to a rechargeable, highly efficient Drive structure for using different explosive fuels, such as As hydrogen (H2), hydrazine (NH2-H2N), various alcohols and combustible gases, gas or kerosene and others, partly also flexible use.

Drive units, which are based on the combustion of fuels are sufficient known and used in different areas. As well known are the weak points, such as high fuel consumption, relatively low efficiency and high pollutant emissions and a big one technical effort that varies in weight and size disclosed.

The Possibilities of increasing efficiency of conventional Engines, like Otto, Diesel and Wankel, have reached their limits. A fundamentally new approach is required. The increase in fuel prices and the future shortage of the resource oil requires customized drive concepts, if possible Consume significantly less power and one as possible have low or no pollutant emissions.

State of the art

It There are quite a number of inventions in a comparable Direction wise, as the present and prove, where the development goes.

However, due to the time elapsed, these inventions have become common knowledge since they are older than twenty years, such as B. DE 1601 830/1968 . DE 27 43 442/1977 . DE 26 01 201/1977 , + DE 2743 442/1977 , + DE 1601 830/1971 , + DE 2303 470/1973 , + DE 26 01 201/1977 and more. This knowledge is used in the present invention and builds on where it makes sense.

Out For this reason, patents become more recent Years and exclusively limited to drive systems, to describe the state of the art. Components such as injection systems, Starters, generators, couplings, compressors are not subject matter of the present invention, but are assumed.

From the publication DE 43 32 495.9 + DE 44 32 688 A1 a drive unit is known, which has a rotating in a cylindrical housing piston disc.

These Type of execution (rotating piston disc in a cylinder) is, except for the locking device as a flap to form a combustion chamber, been described a long time before and therefore common property and state of the art.

moreover this version requires valves, cooling and a customized, special compressor. It will be difficult and above all, big in size.

A Flap as a barrier device, the supposed advantage, proves However, as a major disadvantage.

The The problem is that the piston cross section at least partially perpendicular must be performed and the resulting combustion chamber, not or hardly, can be formed fluidically.

moreover the continued rotational movement of the piston is not taken into account, because the flap can close only after the piston the flap tip has passed.

The causes the combustion chamber to increase with increasing speed tends to be increased, which is limited by compensates for a higher closing speed can be.

One Loss in not insignificant magnitude in terms of efficiency and undesirable rotational behavior and increasing Fuel consumption and air consumption are the result.

moreover This tendency leads to enlargement the combustion chamber volume to a negative effect of expansion and cooling of the pressed air, what the ignitability the mixture reduces and further loss of efficiency result Has.

In particular, this is the case when the compressor unit is not controllable and rigidly connected to the drive axle, as stated in the published patent specifications and therefore the air flow of the compressor, as before represents a fixed, unchangeable size. G 94 00598.2 describes a rotary piston engine, trying to integrate the compression process in the power stroke, as the z. B. the gasoline engine is the case.

Not Recognizable are the not insignificant mechanical Forces resulting from the rotational speeds.

A run over and easy pushing of the valve by means of the rotor does not seem advisable for mechanical reasons and not makeable. Also, the problem is the interaction of the continuous rotating rotor with static valves or pistons not solved.

EP 0651 136 A1 describes a rotation piston engine which does not solve the problem of the interaction of the continuously rotating rotor with static valves or pistons.

DE 201 19 374 U1 describes a rotary piston engine that has a complicated gas distribution device and thereby has enormous sealing and interaction problems of manifold and piston to deal with. The continuous turning with these complicated, intersecting sealing levels, is technically difficult to handle.

As well is neglected in this approach that continuous Rotary motion to a tendency to magnify Combustion chamber leads, which means that the gases expand and cool, if you do not counteract that.

The means that the previously compressed gases behave differently as thought and a relatively larger combustion chamber results, therefore, more air needed and also more fuel is consumed by an ignitable mixture produce.

The Problem is here by design and not in this way solvable. Here it shows up that working unit and compressor unit summarized in a single unit, as usual creates more problems than coped with in this context.

For DE 10 2004 014 370 A1 applies mutatis mutandis to what has already been addressed, as far as the separation of working and compressor unit. The mechanical loads acting on the gate valves are difficult to control. The fact that the invention, inter alia, therefore had no stock, underlines this view.

For DE 101 04 642 C1 It is true that the complexity of the individual work steps, apart from the expensive production apart, leads to various sealing problems and almost uncontrollable interactions of the individual engine parts with each other and with each other, which in turn could lead to high wear and premature failure.

a Advantage over reciprocating engines, I can therefore of effort, Size, consumption and weight ago do not recognize.

Troubleshooting

The Solution of the problems described is according to the invention therein to find a drive concept that takes advantage of the conventional Piston engine - namely relative tightness - with those of the turbine - namely relatively high power by continuous rotary motion - combined, thereby but supplied via a switchable compressor with compressed air and therefore not directly and continually consuming energy unnecessarily generates compressed air.

By the avoidance of "stop and go" during the movement of the piston mm cylinder under as full and lasting Exploitation of the thermal energy of the explosive gases is the use of highly explosive fuels, such as hydrogen or hydrazine possible.

According to the invention, this results from the turbine-like, uninterrupted rotary motion of a piston 3 , as an embedded torus segment in a torus 30 , positively mounted on a rotating rotor 2 , running in a torus 30 made of a solid, rechargeable housing part 1 and from the said rotating runner 2 exists and by means of Dichtgleitpassungen 12 a self-contained torus 30 forms.

The combustion gases 14 can be almost the entire length of the torus 30 their thermal energy to the piston 3 , supported by the instilator 4a , submit.

This is achieved by an instilator 4a (piston-type valve), which at a suitable angle 33 to the axis AA ( 1 ) against the direction of travel 27 , and a special shape of the combustion chamber side of the instilator 4a and the piston 3 that can already begin to close while the piston 3 happens and a radially minimum possible size of a temporary combustion chamber 4 generated, thus the rotational dynamics of the piston 3 actively compensated and produces a pressure-promoting construction.

This time gain when closing the instilator 4a allows the smallest radially possible temporary combustion chamber 4 and thereby highest efficiency.

This means that only minimal amounts of compressed air 15 and also fuel 16 In order to generate ignitability are required and thus correlate even the lowest levels of pollutant emissions, or no pollutant emissions, eg. B. result in hydrogen operation.

A unwanted cooling of the injected air due to physical effects tending to be larger Expecting combustion chamber, as in the prior art, becomes constructive prevented.

This construction makes it possible to control the rotational dynamics of the piston 3 to compensate while maintaining a combustion chamber 4 to realize, which is radially minimal, pressure-promoting and dimensionally stable.

The combustion chamber sides of the instilator 4a and the piston 3 are shaped so that the Ver vortexing and mixing of compressed air and fuel even in the smallest amounts, resulting in an ignitable mixture.

The compressor unit 21 (not shown) is consistently from the drive unit by means of a suitable coupling 23 (not shown) separated and is thereby controllable. It only turns on when compressed air 15 in addition to the contents of the pressure vessel 29 (not shown) is needed. During idle periods or downhill, the compressor remains 21 at full pressure vessel 29 Separate and allows for further savings, which is not feasible in conventional engines or motors with integrated compressor.

A firm connection of compressor and drive unit, however, can in stationary operation for cost reasons advantageous be and is also readily feasible.

By reducing / delaying the closing speed of the instilator 4a can increase the power of the drive unit, because this tends to increase the combustion chamber and thus more air and fuel can be supplied and thus, if desired, more power is available, but in turn causes increased fuel consumption.

These Possibility also shows how flexible this drive structure can be used.

to boot There are various other possibilities for use the generated compressed air: z. B. an air suspension, for emergency filling the Tires or compressed air brakes etc.

By speeding up the closing speed of the instilator 4a , or by increasing the angle 33 occurs an additional saving effect, because the temporary combustion chamber tends to radially reduced in size down to a minimum level and therefore less fuel is consumed.

By the use of suitable homogeneous materials, for example Industrial ceramics (eg carbides, borides or other) metal-ceramic combinations or ceramic composites and others it is possible to get the needed Accuracy and to meet the thermal and mechanical requirements. They allow it, even without coolant and lubrication and even without further sealing measures, of whatever kind always getting along. This possibility should not be excluded.

The leads to savings in size, weight and in the manufacturing costs and increases both the efficiency the drive unit, as well as durability and usability.

Description of the function

The drive unit is using the contour disc 34 (not shown) showing the position of the pistons 3 in a row depicts each other and a corresponding contour pulley with mechanics 34 (not shown) or any other suitable measure held in the starting position (a temporary combustion chamber 4 is manufactured). If there are several units in a row, there will always be at least one unit in starting position. The engine does not have to be turned to start. It is sufficient to switch on, without starter, if a form in the reservoir pressure vessel 29 with sufficient pressure available.

Should not be enough pressure in the container 29 If necessary, this can be remedied by means of a manual pump or an auxiliary compressor and the engine can be started. By blowing heated compressed air 15 , generated by an external compressor, and by injecting fuel 16 , generated by an injection system in the temporary combustion chamber 4 with the instilator closed 4a , A fuel air mixture is generated by turbulence, brought to the ignitability and with the ignition system 19 ignited.

The piston 3 and the runner 2 A drive unit will be powered by the combustion of the fuel mixture with the assistance of the instilator 4a the temporary combustion chamber 4 with the help of the torus 30 seals on all sides, in direction 27 through the combustion gases 14 vigorously driven until the expanding combustion gases 14 are energetically used up and the control circuit sensor 28a from the piston 3 and its loop activator 28c is pressed.

The instilator 4a clears the way and the piston 3 can happen. While the piston 3 the instilator 4a happens is through the activator 28c of the piston 3 the control circuit sensor 28a pressed and the instilator 4a begins again with adapted closing speed, the temporary combustion chamber 4 to form and the process begins again.

The combustion gases 14 can expand almost unhindered in full length of the torus before a new process begins.

The resulting exhaust gases 14 are now spatially in front of the piston 4 in the torus 30 with the instilator closed 4a , This ensures that the exhaust gases 14 over the torus 30 with the help of the piston 3 and the exhaust 5 be ejected from the engine. This is due to the design initially no outlet valve 35 necessary, only one opening with Exhaust, but can be added to further improve the thermal energy utilization and z. B. be actuated via a mechanism.

The diameter of the torus 30 is dependent on the piston cross section of the piston 3 and thus determines the cross-sectional size of the combustion chamber 4 , but also affects the closing speed of the instilator 4a and the torque generated.

at A series of multiple units are phase overlaps in different forms and different operating modes from strong and revving up to economical and special economical possible.

A Interruption of continuous rotation and a "stop and Go "as with reciprocating engines is avoided due to design, which increases the mechanical efficiency.

The instilator 4a , The piston 3 , the sliding fits 12 and the torus 30 are designed such that an undesirable escape of combustion gases 14 is prevented.

The operation of the instilator 4a can be done mechanically, electromechanically or pneumatically or by other means. As a safety device are return springs or other suitable known devices that the instilator 4a in any case, move in time to the open position as soon as the piston 3 is approaching.

By the ranking ability of individual units (eg one to ten units) can be a large power spectrum with a single embodiment variant can be realized, which the Reduced manufacturing costs.

The individual cases 1 be with the help of fasteners 6 elastic and with the mounting fits 38 mounted together in the same position, only the individual runners 2 with the piston 3 , the individual units are radially adjusted according to the power preset by a suitable angle, according to the selected contour disc 34 , twisted to each other (eg 60 ° / 120 ° / 180 ° etc.).

In order to can use the length of the phase overlaps with preset according to different power output or efficiency become. Economical means lower, sporty means longer Phase overlap.

This default can also be subsequently changed mechanically, provided that the engine is at least broken down into its individual base units and the runners 2 with pistons 3 reassembled with changed radial angle to each other; The control loop control 20 as well as the contour disc 34 is then adapt.

The control loop control 20 can also be used independently of the mechanical presetting by modifying the processes (software tuning) to change the efficiency and performance.

So you can with the same base unit virtually every power level and achieve desired efficiency - also dynamically changeable - what the production costs further lowers and the desired saving effect accurately corresponds to the consumption of fuel.

The Advantages are in the low weight and small dimensions, at significantly improved fuel consumption. It is more than a doubling the efficiency compared to conventional diesel engines expected.

use

The Drive structure can be used almost arbitrarily, preferably in the automotive, aircraft and all small drives, lawn mower up to the chainsaw and outboard motors boats and so on. So, ultimately, all of today's propulsion which are based on internal combustion engines, with a few exceptions realizable.

drawings

1 represents a section BB through the housing 1 on the joining plane or adhesive plane, for example, executed in ceramic. Shown is the torus 30 , consisting of housing 1 and runners 2 with pistons 3 and instilator 4a as well as the kinematics 9 of the instilator 4a with reset device 32 , Combustion chamber 4 and ignition device 19 ,

Visible are the control circuit sensors 28a and 28b , as well as the loop activator 28c and the ignition system 19 , which works by suitable energy transfer, for example by induction.

The piston 3 as an inserting torus segment in the torus 30 comes with passages 17 and for example by gluing on the runner 2 attached, inserting itself in the corresponding radial section of the torus 30 from the runner 2 , The exhaust 5 with the flow of exhaust gases 14 and the engine mounts 6 are shown.

The housing 1 is on the outside with suitable many reinforcing ribs 41 , corresponding the material, and suitable connection fits 38 for sequencing and fixing individual drive units with each other (also 2 ) fitted.

2 shows the section AA through the combustion chamber axis of the drive unit with three base units in series.

Shown are the cases 1 , Runner 2 , Piston 3 with axis 13 , Axle bearings 26 , Connection couplings 40 , (positive and negative), fitting into each other, the sliding fit 12 of the torus 30 , (between housing 1 and the runner 2 ), the counterweights 8th to the piston 3 , the adjusting pens 39 , the axis 13 , the adhesive fit 7 , the kinematics 9 of the instilator 4a , as well as compressed air 15 and fuel supply 16 ,

3 and 4 For example, provide a refrigerated design variant as a metal structure with segmented ceramic inserts 10 / 11 , the passages 17 / 18 , the cooling liquid 24 and the connecting piece 25 for the coolant 24 dar. The sliding fits 12 are running here, which simplifies additional, suitable sealing measures.

It is a slightly larger angle of attack 33 of the instilator 4a drawn, which allows higher speeds.

01

casing

02

runner

03

piston

04

temporary combustion chamber / 4a Instilator (piston-like valve with suitable shape)

05

Exhaust

06

engine Mounts

07

Housing fit / -Verklebung

08

Weight balance of the piston 3

09

Kinematics of the instilator 4a

10

ceramic inserts in metal-ceramic construction

11

ceramic inserts in metal-ceramic construction

12

Sliding seal between housing 1 and runners 2

13

main axis

14

exhaust gas flow

15

pre-pressed and heated air from the pressure vessel 29 or compressor 21

16

Fuel injection

17

Fittings for attaching pistons 3

18

earpieces for fixing ceramic inserts in metal-ceramic construction

19

Ignition

20

central Loop control

21

external over a z. B. via suitable coupling tailed compressor

22

Generator / gearbox / Starter

23

clutch for connection of the compressor

24

coolant

25

Inlet- or outlet for the coolant

26

Achslager

27

direction of rotation

28

Loop sensors / 28a (Instilator 4a shut down)/ 28b (Instilator 4a to open)/ 28c (Loop Activator)

 29

pressure vessel for the compressed air supply

30

torus

 31

-

32

suitable safety device for instilator 4a (suitable return device)

33

Incident angle instilator 4a

34

Reset device with contour disk = position start

35

outlet valve in suitable design (to increase efficiency)

36

Pressluftvorheizung in a suitable design

37

phase overlap when operating multiple units

38

Verbindungspassungen for juxtaposing and connecting multiple units

39

Pins

40

suitable connection coupling of several drive axles 13 with each other and for any power transmission

41

Stiffening ribs of the housing 1 and it's runner 2 in appropriate thickness, size, shape and number

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 1601830/1968 [0005]
• - DE 2743442/1977 [0005, 0005]
• - DE 2601201/1977 [0005, 0005]
• - DE 1601830/1971 [0005]
• - DE 2303470/1973 [0005]
• - DE 4332495 A [0007]
• - DE 4432688 A1 [0007]
• - G 9400598 [0016]
• EP 0651136 A1 [0019]
• - DE 20119374 U1 [0020]
• - DE 102004014370 A1 [0024]
• - DE 10104642 C1 [0025]

Claims (12)

The drive structure is characterized in that a torus 30 is formed by a fixed housing 1 and one around the axis 13 rotating runner 2 with a piston 3 , radially separated by suitable Dichtgleitpassungen 12 , in a suitable place together with an instilator 4a which has a suitable shape and a suitable angle with respect to the axis AA (FIG. 1 ), contrary to the direction of rotation 27 and move and rotate almost positively and precisely to each other and into each other and a continuous rotational movement 27 of the runner 2 with the piston 3 guaranteed. The drive structure is characterized in that and / or according to claim 1, the piston 3 is designed as a torus segment and in the radial torus section of the torus 30 of the runner 2 but also in the radial torus section of the torus 30 of the housing 1 Precise insert, but still smooth together with the runner 2 can rotate and prevent combustion gases from escaping uncontrollably, housing itself 1 , Runner 2 with pistons 3 and torus 30 , radially separated by the Dichtgleitpassungen 12 and the instilator 4a by means of suitable measures, or without further measures, mutually seal, that the Dichtgleitpassungen 12 are designed in a suitable shape and design and ensure tightness against explosive gases, either with or without lubrication that an instilator 4a , with the piston 3 , with a suitable structural shape with respect to the axis AA ( 1 ) counter to the direction of rotation 27 a suitable angle 33 having a radially minimized combustion chamber 4 Tending to "run after" allows an instillator 4a with the piston 3 , with a suitable structural shape with respect to the axis AA ( 1 ), has a suitable angle, contrary to the direction of rotation 27 of the runner 2 with pistons 3 and already while passing the piston 4 can begin to close and this results in a time advantage during the closing process and a radially minimized combustion chamber 4 that results in the instilator 4a the piston 3 tends to "lag", depending on the size of the angle 33 , and a radially adjustable minimized combustion chamber 4 or a pressure-promoting construction receives that, the greater the angle 33 (theoretically max 90 °), the higher speeds are possible because of the instilator 4a the piston 3 It can begin to close earlier, the larger the angle 33 the stronger the pressure-enhancing effect increases that through the radially minimized combustion chamber 4 with the help of the instilator 4a and with the help of the angle 33 and, if suitably shaped, prevents the physical expansion effect of the pre-pressed air, and thus cooling, from causing an instilator 4a in all areas in which it makes sense (closing, closing speed, decelerate, stop, open and safety opening) suitably adjustable, adjustable, driven and safely guided in a suitable manner and sealed, that also several instilators 4a per unit and torus 30 can be incorporated that the cross section and also the radius of the torus 30 formed from housing 1 and runners 2 and the associated piston 3 can be changed, that a changed cross-section and also radius of the torus 30 cause each other, and thus have an influence on the combustion chamber volume, the combustion chamber 4 , on torque, performance, pollutant emissions and efficiency. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that a plurality of units of the same construction and size by suitable connection fits 38 can be strung together and thereby phase overlaps are possible, which the thermal energy and mechanical use of the combustion gases 14 almost the entire length of the torus 30 and should be exhaust valves 35 Beyond that, even beyond that allows for further improvement an exhaust valve 35 in the exhaust 5 can be used, which is suitably operated (mechanically, electromechanically, pneumatically or by other measures), that also by an exhaust valve 35 (among other things) changed phase overlaps 37 allowing for a better and more sustainable energetic use of the combustion gases 14 performs (software tuning) that through an exhaust valve 35 For example, there is the possibility that only every other or third revolution of the piston 3 in the torus 30 , a temporary combustion chamber 4 generated, then ignited again and then the exhaust gas is expelled, that the exhaust port with exhaust 5 in the torus 30 at an optimized favorable position, preferably close to the instilator 4a that is inserted into the exhaust 5 at a suitable angle to the radial axis of the torus 30 is inserted that phase overlaps 37 can be controlled by the order of activation of the individual units, dynamic or preset, can change and operating modes of sporty, powerful to economical and very economical possible. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2., 3. is characterized in that subsequent mechanical changes to the default setting on the control loop program 20 are possible by the runners 2 with the pistons 3 be mounted at a different angle radially to each other, with modified and adapted contour disc 34 for a quick start, without the location of the housing 1 to change, which combines almost every power or efficiency class, is possible (hardware and software tuning) that always at standstill a combustion chamber 4 is closed and by means of contour disc 34 or other suitable measures in start position that the remaining units start automatically by the first ignited combustion chamber filling in the sequence according to program, that they at standstill of the engine by the immediate start device by means of contour disk 34 showing the radial position of each runner 2 with pistons 3 can be started (or by any other suitable measure) can be started without first turning the engine by means of starter, without excluding the fact that one or more units completely or partially, even dynamically, by means of appropriate measures and switched off or ignited that can be the connection of each runner 2 with each other via the plug-in coupling 40 in a suitable embodiment, that the combustion chamber 4 on the piston 3 and, or at the instilator 4a , or at another suitable location of the combustion chamber 4 with an ignition device 19 is equipped, which can preferably be operated by induction or by another suitable measure that the combustion chamber 4 is so conveniently designed aerodynamically that a suitable turbulence or mixing of compressed air and fuel is possible, which has a decidedly "lean", but nevertheless optimized ignitable mixture has the consequence that compressed air and fuel so spatially, geometrically correct in the combustion chamber 4 be injected or injected, that a turbulence and mixing takes place, which has an optimally flammable mixture result in that is working with suitably heated compressed air, air flow, fuel injection pressure and fuel quantity. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4 is characterized in that it has a high torque due to the relatively large distance (lever) of the axle 13 and radial axis of piston 3 that has the relatively large distance from axis 13 and radial axis of the piston 3 and a continuous rotary motion favorably influences the efficiency and ensures elastic rotational behavior and pulling power. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5 is characterized in that a torus 30 , a housing 1 , Runner 2 , Piston 3 and the instilator 4a wholly or partly made of suitable materials, for example of ceramic, ceramic composite materials or metal-ceramic and other or even in parts or segments (eg. 10 / 11 ) are made to be suitable reinforcing ribs 41 may have in shape, size, number and arrangement that all individual parts (eg 7 ) can also be adhesively fitted with each other, that the piston 3 for example, with fitting pieces 17 and / or by gluing (or other suitable means) in the torus section of the slider 2 from the torus 30 is attached that with appropriate choice of material no cooling and no lubrication are required that are provided with appropriate material cooling or lubrication that the working unit and compressor unit may be different components and equipped accordingly, efficiency-enhancing and changeable can be controlled. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is characterized in that, if necessary, by a manual pump or by an external compressor, if not enough form in the pressure vessel 29 is present, it can be started, that it can be operated due to their rotational behavior, the full hybrid use and also in various other areas even without a clutch design, that it allows a simpler transmission and overall weight and dimensions are lower. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 is characterized in that the rotor 2 with the pistons 3 and the counterweights 8th by their mass act like flywheels and further measures in this regard are omitted, that at the runner 2 opposite the piston 3 counterweights 8th (also worked on) to ensure an exact balance. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, characterized in that by the radial length of the combustion chamber in the torus 30 hydrogen, hydrazine or other explosive fuels, some even flexible, can be used with the preferred use of ceramics, that they are adaptable and therefore sustainable by the use of all current and known fuels, that they have high adjustability and controllability at nearly has all the components and is therefore flexible to operate and high efficiency is possible. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th is characterized in that they a design-related almost vibration-free smoothness has that due to design with low vibration damping Measures that they are due to design, even in low Speed ranges can be operated that they are due to design, preferably operated quietly by the low speeds It can be that due to design, with lower soundproofing measures It comes out that they by design with lower weight and lower Dimensions and inexpensive, can be made. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is characterized in that they are all-ceramic equipment and by the fact that there is no oil in the engine, it is easy to recycle and thus incurs low disposal costs, that it is recycled again as a raw material, in the sense of a circular economy. The drive structure according to claim 1 and / or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is characterized in that it is also shot with a self-propelled torus 30 alone formed from the housing 1 can exist that they are a separate runner 2 may comprise, via a suitable coupling, preferably a magnetic coupling, with the piston 3 It can be connected to an instilator 4a equipped similar to the aperture of a camera, that they are the instillator 4a can operate at high closing speeds, due to the nearly halved path from open to closed, that they are using a piston 3 equipped, the centrifugal forces by suitable measures, eg. B. special roles, counteracts that they with a piston 3 equipped, which is designed as a torus segment and designed that the piston 3 by suitable measures around the axis 13 is balanced.