DE202008018189U1 - Apparatus for the production of synthesis gas and for the operation of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for the production of synthesis gas as fuel gas for internal combustion engines and for their operation and for the decentralized generation of electricity and heat by gasification of organic substances, consisting of: a. a fuel dryer (1) and a storage of organic substances with a fuel storage container, b. a pyrolysis reactor (2), into which the organic substances can be fed from the store, and from an atmospheric gasifier (8), in which pyrolysis products of the pyrolysis reactor can be introduced via a connection to the pyrolysis reactor (2), with the formation of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke, Pyrolysis oil and tar in the pyrolysis reactor by supplying thermal energy for the endothermic decomposition of the organic substances and product gas by means of autothermal gasification of pyrolysis coke in the gasifier (8), characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor (2) and a product gas line there have a heat exchanger so that the thermal energy required for the pyrolysis can be obtained directly or indirectly from the product gas generated in the gasifier (8), or that a ...

Description

The innovation relates to an apparatus for the production of synthesis gas as fuel gas for an internal combustion engine and to their operation, which serves for the decentralized generation of electricity and heat, by gasification of organic matter according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

According to the DE 102 58 485 A1 is a multi-stage gasification process for solids - especially biomass for the production of heat energy and engine-friendly gas known, in which the materials are subjected as energy sources (eg wood chips) first a pyrolysis and then a fluidized bed gasification, the pyrolysis gas in the outer channel of the fluidized bed gasifier combined with the circulating product gas of the gasifier and passed together through the fluidized bed to simultaneously carry out a purification of tarry hydrocarbons (pyrolysis condensates and pyrolysis oils are gassed in situ).

It is used for this two-stage gasification process, a device according to the features of the preamble of claim 1, consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, an oxidation unit as well as a feed device for gasified in the pyrolysis organic material. Furthermore, from a fluidized bed gasifier, be gassed in the pyrolysis of the pyrolysis reactor. This and the fluidized bed gasifier are connected to each other in circulation, wherein the resulting from the gasified pyrolysis in the fluidized bed gasifier product gas is combined with the inflowing pyrolysis gas in an outer channel of the fluidized bed gasifier. This gas mixture is passed through the fluidized bed of the carburetor, so that resulting condensates and pyrolysis oils are gasified "in situ", and thus given a purification of the gas mixture of tarry hydrocarbon and tar oils and this as clean, d. H. tar-free fuel gas can be used for a motor. Devices for condensing the tarry hydrocarbons and the tar oils are not given. Likewise not to wash them out by means of a wash oil and to use as ignition in Zündstrahlmotoren.

According to the DE 42 38 934 C2 discloses a process for gasification of organic raw and waste materials in which the unsorted materials are gasified by a combination of thermal pretreatment, comminution and entrained flow gasification to produce a CO and H ₂ -rich gas. An embrittled, ground intermediate product is produced, which is subjected to entrained flow gasification as a fine material. This gas is used to operate gas engines and gas turbines or as synthesis gas.

According to the DE 10 2004 055-407 A1 Also, a method for operating a gas engine with a synthesis of organic fuel, in particular biomass, synthesis gas is known, which is used for decentralized energy supply (CHP plants). In this case, an autothermal gasification is carried out using a fixed-bed gasification device. The supply of the synthesis gas generated in the engine combustion chamber takes place together with the intake combustion air after mixing.

In these gasification plants for a technically perfect operation of a defined, non-changing fuel is required. They can not be operated directly variably with changing, heterogeneous organic fuels. In addition, it must be prevented by special measures that tar deposits form in the combustion chamber of the gas engine.

To remedy these drawbacks, the present invention aims to provide a device for carrying out a method for utilizing any conceivable biomass or processed organic waste as a material for producing a fuel gas for operating gas engines, such materials were previously inaccessible in gasification pure gasification plants , According to a further object, the gas engines should be able to be operated in efficient, decentralized power generation plants with a power of 500 kWel, or else with simultaneous heat extraction.

It should be possible with training of the task also for special gas engines their operation with the fuel gas produced by gasification and resulting in its production oils, condensates and tars.

An essential idea of the invention is that, in contrast to the relevant specialist world, in which gasification processes are generally conducted in such a way that cleaner, that is, tarry, fuel gases are produced when motor use is intended,
now renewal except a generated "high-quality synthesis gas", which is tar-free, additional pyrolysis condensates with high tar content as Zündöl in a designated special gas engine can be burned. It is used to an internal combustion engine, which is operated as a two-stroke ignition jet engine with diesel injection and with additional gas control.

The object is to realize a device for a method for decentralized power generation, in which the internal combustion engine with pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, tar, product gas, synthesis gas or a mixture of these components can be operated. Here, a technique for the production of high-quality synthesis gas from solid and / or liquid organic fuels, in particular biomass of any kind, is used.

According to the invention, the object mentioned is achieved by a device for carrying out a process for producing a synthesis gas from a pyrolysis gas produced in a pyrolysis reactor and a product gas produced by gasification with the features according to claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims 2-18.

The Pyrolysegasstrang the pyrolysis reactor and the product gas line are thus guided out of the reactors in separate gas streams or strands and cleaned there by means of separate devices and cooled there. In a gas scrubber, the cleaning of these gases then takes place from tars and other dust particles. These individual fuel gases, or the synthesis gas formed after a merger of the strands of these two gases, are then cooled down in a gas cooler with condensation-containing tarry hydrocarbons, wherein a gas scrubber is connected downstream. Other essential devices are a tar electrostatic filter, a Zündölaufbereitung, consisting of centrifuge and homogenizer. As a result, laden wash oil, separated pyrolysis oil, condensates and tar oils can be worked up for use as ignition oil for a Zündstrahlmotor or used there as fuel. The engine is designed according to the innovation as a two-stroke ignition jet engine with separate injectors for the combustion or synthesis gas, air and ignition oil. It is preceded by a synthesis gas compressor in the form of a reciprocating compressor, a synthesis gas control system and a turbocharger and charge air cooler for supplying the combustion air.

The thus possible method for operating an internal combustion engine is characterized in that the fuel, for. As mixed organic waste, also sorted and separate household waste, but preferably biomass of any kind to pork, beef and chicken manure, processed and fed in the first stage of a pyrolysis plant.

The pyrolysis coke produced in the pyrolysis is gasified to a product gas.

Since the pyrolysis is an endothermic decomposition, the required heat energy in the form of heat in the first stage (<300 ° C-450 ° C) by the engine exhaust of the driven internal combustion engine and in the second stage directly or indirectly by the hot the pyrolysis reactor Product gas from the carburetor or fed to a direct firing. The introduction of the thermal energy can, supportive or alone, via a direct entry of the hot, discharged from the carburetor bag ash and the bed material done. The pyrolysis temperature is i. d. R. between 400 ° C and 650 ° C.

The generated pyrolysis gas (calorific value> 15 MJ / Nm ³ ) is then cleaned in a hot gas cyclone separator of entrained dust particles.

A low-calorific product gas (calorific value <10 MJ / Nm ³ ) is produced from the pyrolysis coke, preferably in a stationary fluidized bed gasifier, and then likewise purified in a hot gas cyclone separator. Gasification is an endothermic process. Here, the energy required to maintain the process is taken from the generated product gas line. Instead of the supplied, also required air, either technical oxygen and / or steam can be used.

Pyrolysis and product gas are mixed after the respective cleaning and cooling to synthesis gas. In a gas scrubber, the cleaning of tars and other dust particles takes place. The synthesis gas, which is approx. 300 ° C hot, is cooled down to approx. 40 °. The washing liquid used is preferably vegetable oil. When the wash oil is saturated, it is cleaned in a centrifuge and worked up, preferably but not exclusively, together with the pyrolysis oil, condensate and tar from the electrostatic precipitator in a homogenizer. In doing so, long-chain molecules are shortened with a special physical procedure. This has the consequence that the wash oil can be mixed homogeneously with the pyrolysis oil and / or the pyrolysis condensate and used as a pilot oil in the internal combustion engine.

After the synthesis gas has been so purified, it also passes through an electrostatic tar filter, in which the last remaining impurities are removed. In this way, freed from tar and dust particles, the synthesis gas is highly compressed (> 200 bar) supplied to an internal combustion engine, wherein the compressed gas is injected via a separate injector directly into the combustion chamber. The combustion air is introduced via a separate channel in the engine.

As internal combustion engines are slow running two-stroke Zündstrahlmotoren used, however, the use of other engine types is also possible, provided that the extracted ignition oil is supplied only in small percentage as "pure" Zündöl.

Preferably, technical oxygen or water vapor (H ₂ O) can be injected into the gasification stage. By the oxygen injection in the gasification stage, the N ₂ content in the synthesis gas is greatly reduced. The calorific value Hu rises to more than 8.0 MJ / Nm ³ synthesis gas. Main constituents are CO, H ₂ , CO ₂ , CH ₄ and in small quantities other gases. This reduces the amount of synthesis gas produced, so that the following devices for cooling, cleaning, compression and storage can be dimensioned smaller.

Also optional, in normal operation CO ₂ , H ₂ and CO can be washed out and used elsewhere, eg. B. for liquefaction. The reduction results in advantages in terms of the dimensions of the components to be designed. So they can be made smaller due to the smaller volume.

The benefits of innovation

• a) In pure gasification plants a defined, non-changing fuel is required for a technically flawless operation. By contrast, the pyrolysis plant to be used can be operated variably with changing, heterogeneous organic fuels. Pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis oil and tar are mainly produced in various proportions. The pyrolysis coke is gasified in a second step in a gasifier.
• b) Use of any conceivable biomass or treated organic waste as fuel in efficient, decentralized power generation plants with an output of 500 kW _el , even with heat extraction
• c) disposal of problematic substances such. As chicken manure or the like and extensive sustainable prevention of environmental pollution.
• d) Environmentally friendly solution for disposal problems and reduction of disposal costs, since residues are mineral and max. Make up 2-3% of the organic fuel used.
• e) Production of high-quality synthesis gas, composed of pyrolysis and product gas with a calorific value> 10 kJ / Nm ³ . In particular, when using technical oxygen instead of air in the gasification stage, the N ₂ content is considerably reduced. This results in a reduction in the amount of syngas to be cooled, cleaned, compressed and, optionally, to be stored and an increase in the system efficiency.
• f) Due to the complex gas purification and in particular avoidance of turbocharger and intercooler, deposits of dust and condensation of tars are almost completely avoided.
• g) Use of pyrolysis oil, condensate and tar as ignition oil for the synthesis gas. Therefore, no disposal costs.

embodiment

The procedure and the main plant components are in 1 . 2 and 3 illustrated the drawings.

1 shows

Fuel dryer ( 1 )

The organic fuel comminuted to the desired particle size after delivery in a shredder is stored in a fuel dryer ( 1 ) dried to the required water content for each fuel. The thermal energy for the drying process is released from the low-temperature cooling system of the ignition jet engine (<90 ° C) ( 30 ) and other system waste heat. The fuel dryer can be designed in various designs, but preferably a belt dryer is used.

From the fuel dryer, the fuel is conveyed by conveyor screw or conveyor belt into a fuel reservoir for the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ).

The treatment of the input fuel is therefore important as it significantly influences the gas quality and the cold gas efficiency.

Pyrolysis reactor ( 2 )

The pyrolysis is preferably carried out in a two-stage rotary tube pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ).

The pyrolysis plant can be operated with alternating fuels (all conceivable organic carbonaceous materials, eg organic wastes) and requires thermal energy from outside (exothermic process). Pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas are mainly produced in different proportions.

In the first stage, the thermal energy is supplied in the form of heat via the engine exhaust. In the second stage, preferably the product gas (about 950 ° C.) from the gasification is used directly or via heat exchangers to further increase the pyrolysis temperature. A direct firing or the entry of thermal energy in the form of hot bed ash and bed material from the carburetor is possible. For this purpose, a warehouse ( 37 ) provided with entry device. The pyrolysis temperature here lies between 400 ° C. and 650 ° C. In the incoming decomposition process, a product in solid (pyrolysis coke), liquid (condensate, pyrolysis oil) and gaseous (pyrolysis gas) state of aggregation occur in different quantities.

2.1. pyrolysis coke

The pyrolysis coke, which consists essentially of pure carbon, is preferably removed from the pyrolysis reactor into a feed tank ( 7 ) for the fluidized bed gasifier ( 8th ). Another form of storage is also possible.

2.2. pyrolysis

The pyrolysis oil is collected and added to the ignition oil for the engine and / or directly into the gasifier ( 8th ) brought in.

2.3. pyrolysis

The pyrolysis gas is after a rough cleaning in a Heißgaszyklonabscheider ( 3 ) in a gas cooler ( 4 ) cooled to the required temperature. With a booster blower ( 5 ), the pyrolysis gas is combined with the product gas in a common line. Optionally, a separate gas scrubber ( 51 ) are used.

Hot gas cyclone separator ( 3 ) for the pyrolysis gas stream

In the hot gas cyclone separator ( 3 ) are discharged in the gas stream entrained dust particles with a particle size> 0.1 mm. As a result, inter alia, the abrasive effect is reduced in the gas stream and prevents the premature clogging of the heat exchanger.

Gas cooler ( 4 ) of the pyrolysis gas

In the formed as a heat exchanger gas cooler ( 4 ), the pyrolysis gas is cooled from about 580 ° C to about 300 ° C. The thereby decoupled thermal energy is used to generate steam, which in turn a steam turbine ( 56 ) for power generation drives.

Booster blower ( 5 )

The booster blower ( 5 ) is used to compensate for the pressure loss in the gas line and the apparatus. In addition, the pyrolysis gas stream can be more accurately regulated when merging with the product gas stream.

Fuel template ( 6 ) for the carburetor

In this container, the discharged from the pyrolysis pyrolysis (PK) is collected and stored. The PK is homogeneous and consists of almost 100% carbon. This makes it an excellent fuel for the carburetor ( 8th ).

Reservoir ( 7 ) for bedding

In this storage container ( 7 ), the material is stored for the formation of a fluidized bed. The bedding material is usually dolomite or a similar limestone. By changing the composition of the bed material, catalytic effects in the gasification process are achieved if necessary.

Atmospheric carburetor ( 8th )

For gasification here is an atmospheric carburetor ( 8th ), preferably a stationary Wirbelschichtvergaser with stepped air supply, which provides optimal conditions for the expected gas / solid reactions due to the intensive mixing used. The gasification takes place autothermally with air at a temperature of at least 900 ° C, to reach and maintain part of the fuel used for gasification is burned or partially burned. The air required for fluidization and gasification is introduced by evenly distributed in the lower primary bottom and upper secondary bottom of the carburetor nozzles using a Zuluftgebläses in the gasification chamber. Optionally, here is the use of, in an oxygen generator ( 50 ), pure oxygen instead of air possible. The cross-sectional area and height of the gasification chamber are selected so that sufficient contact and residence times of the resulting product gas of about 5 seconds at an empty tube velocity of <1.5 m / s are achieved before the product gas the gasification chamber with about 1000 ° C at the head end leaves. In a downstream waste heat exchanger ( 10 ), the product gas is cooled to about 250 ° C. The decoupled heat is optionally used to preheat the fresh air to be used, optionally oxygen ( 50 ), for steam generation for secondary generation ( 56 ) via a steam turbine, used as process heat or water heating for heating purposes.

To control the gasification temperature and to homogenize the product gas, a controlled partial amount I of the product gas removed after dedusting ( 10 . 13 ) and cooling in the waste heat exchanger ( 10 ) by means of a circulation blower ( 14 ) returned together with the preheated fresh air into the gasification chamber. The remaining part II of the product gas is discharged for use in the gas-diesel engine, which is used as a priming motor ( 30 ) is trained.

The operation of the carburetor is largely free of interference due to inhomogeneous fuel, since mainly pyrolysis coke is used as fuel.

Hot gas cyclone separator ( 9 ) - for product gas flow

After the waste heat boiler, the product gas is dedusted in a hot gas cyclone separator. In the process, entrained dust particles with a particle size> 0.1 mm are discharged in the gas stream. This will u. a. reduced the abrasive effect in the gas stream and prevents premature clogging of the heat exchanger.

Waste heat exchanger or preheater ( 10 ) for product gas (partial flow)

Part of the product gas is placed behind the gas cooler ( 13 ) is discharged and recirculated, ie, it is returned to the carburetor ( 8th ) to maintain the thermal process. in this part of the product gas takes place in the switched into the main gas flow of the product gas preheater ( 10 ) a temperature increase on the side of the recirculating to the carburetor subset of the product gas and a cooling in the main gas stream of the product gas.

Air preheater ( 11 )

Here, the high heat in the product gas flow is used to increase the temperature of the air required for the gasification and thereby increase the efficiency in the gasifier.

Bag filter ( 12 )

This filter is resistant to high temperatures and serves to separate the fine dust particles remaining in the product gas stream. The separated fine dust is collected in a closed container and disposed of. (Fly ash)

Gas cooler ( 13 ) of the product gas

In this gas cooler ( 13 ), the temperature of the product gas is lowered to about 300 ° C. At this temperature, the tar particles contained in the product gas are not yet condensed out.

Circulation blower ( 14 )

Part of the generated product gas is used to maintain the thermal process in the gasifier ( 8th ) branched off from the main gas line and returned to the carburetor. The return takes place via the circulation blower ( 14 ) via the waste heat exchanger ( 10 ).

Product gas booster blower ( 15 )

The booster blower ( 15 ) is used to compensate for the pressure loss in the gas line and the apparatus. In addition, the pyrolysis gas stream can be more accurately regulated when merging with the product gas stream.

Syngas scrubber ( 16 )

The product gas and pyrolysis gas to be purified is passed through a collecting line to the synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ). The synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) consists of a jet scrubber with a downstream expansion vessel and a mist eliminator. The leaching takes place via a washing liquid circuit. In the jet scrubber, a negative pressure of about 5 mbar is generated. If this negative pressure is sufficient for the extraction, a fan can be dispensed with.

In the bottom of the column vegetable oil is presented and thus the synthesis gas or process gas purification realized via the washing cycle. According to the adjusting concentration of dusts, the washing cycle is loaded and automatically removed from the pump and the column sump refilled. The process can also be designed continuously. To remove heat, a cooler is installed in the washing circuit, which is operated with cooling water at 25 ° C.

The cleaned process gas leaves the scrubber at a temperature of about 40 ° C, which corresponds to the dew point under these conditions. The heat dissipated by the cooling of the temperature from 300 ° C to 40 ° C is removed in a heat exchanger and used as process heat to heat condensate and so on.

The system has a control box that ensures automatic operation. The complete system is delivered as a module and can be put into operation immediately after connecting the on-site services.

Fresh oil tank ( 17 )

This tank is used to store the fresh wash oil. From this fresh oil tank ( 17 ) is removed from the washing fluid tank ( 18 ) filled with cleaning oil removed as ignition oil amount filled with fresh wash oil.

Wash fluid tank ( 18 )

Here's what the synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) discharged, loaded washing fluid collected and stored. From this tank, the amount of fluid required for gas scrubbing and for use as ignition oil is removed.

Ignition oil preparation ( 19 )

Here, the loaded washing fluid, the pyrolysis oil and condensate are combined and first cleaned in a separator of coarse impurities. After adding tar from the electrostatic precipitator ( 21 ), the long-chain molecular chains are physically comminuted in a homogenizer and homogeneously mixed. By this method also problematic fuels can be used. The treated oil serves as ignition oil for the ignition jet engine.

Buffer tank for ignition oil ( 20 )

The processed ignition oil is stored in this tank.

Tar electrostatic filter ( 21 )

The tar electrostatic filter consists of a vertically flowed filter field with a round cross-section. In order to ensure a uniform gas flow of the process gas and thus optimum separation efficiency, the raw gas is passed through a gas distribution before reaching the filter field.

The filter field consists of honeycomb precipitation electrodes, between which the discharge electrodes are arranged. The sharp-edged strip electrodes ensure the highest possible filter voltage with optimum corona discharge. There is virtually no wear on the electrodes.

The electric spray system is supported by the post insulators. The isolator surfaces are constantly kept dry by electrical tracing to prevent flashovers, especially in the startup and shutdown periods.

There is a high DC voltage between the spray and precipitation electrodes. As a result of the electric field that builds up and the electrons emerging from the sharp edges of the discharge electrodes, the particles to be separated are ionized and attracted by the collecting electrodes. Here they release their charge and attach themselves to the electrodes.

The cleaning of the filter system via a periodic, repeatedly performed hot steam cleaning. Connection flanges are provided on the filter. The cleaning must be regulated by the operator depending on the degree of soiling.

The separated condensate mixture (tar), which drips from the collecting electrodes, collects in the lower part of the filter and is discharged via a dip seal into a provided collecting container.

Synthesis gas compressor ( 22 )

The synthesis gas must be introduced into the combustion chamber with a two-stroke ignition jet engine with a pressure of approx. 200 bar. In this compressor can be built up to 250 bar pressure.

Synthesis gas control system ( 23 )

Here are optimized for the engine parameters of the synthesis gas, such. As temperature and pressure, monitored and regulated as needed.

Separate injector for synthesis gas injection ( 24 )

The separate Synthesegaseindüsung with a pressure of over 200 bar has the great advantage that it can come before the introduction into the engine compartment no condensation. This usually happens with the mixture of air and syngas in front of the turbocharger. This is where the tanning of the tarmac layer and the clogging of the charge air cooler occur regularly. This is prevented by the direct introduction of the gas into the cylinder and it comes in addition to a better control of the gas mixture.

Ignition oil injection with injector ( 25 )

Here the treated oil is injected separately as ignition oil into the cylinder.

Air inlet slots via injector ( 26 )

Here, the air sucked in via the turbocharger is introduced with slight overpressure.

Exhaust valve ( 27 )

Turbocharger ( 28 )

Intercooler ( 29 )

Ignition jet engine ( 30 )

The dual-fuel engine, also known as the diesel-gas engine, is thermodynamically based on the principle of the diesel process. It combines the advantages of diesel engine technology with those of gasoline engines. For example, in addition to the diesel injection ignition jet engines also always have a synthesis gas control system, as in the case of gasoline engines, and can therefore be operated with two fuels as desired.

The injection of ignition oil is necessary because the Zündstrahlmotor has no spark plugs. Usually, depending on the engine and mode of operation, a Zündöleinsatz of 8% to 20% is required so that the gas component is safely ignited.

Optionally the ignition jet engine can be operated with different diesel / gas proportions (20%: 80% -100%: 0%). The good part load behavior and the high el. Efficiency of the diesel engine are maintained unchanged.

In the case of a four-stroke ignition jet engine, the working energy is introduced as in a gasoline engine as a gas-air mixture through the intake system in the cylinder and injected only needed to ignite the fuel mixture energy as diesel.

In a two-stroke ignition jet engine, only the air through the turbocharger ( 28 ) pressed into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. Synthesis gas and ignition oil are introduced into the combustion chamber via separate injection nozzles under high pressure. This has the advantage that particles and tars contained in synthesis gases can not condense on pipelines or apparatus before being introduced into the combustion space. Two-stroke engines typically have higher electrical efficiencies than four-stroke engines.

The ignition jet engine has the further advantage that significantly fewer particles are emitted in a diesel. The pollutant balance with respect to CO ₂ and other exhaust gas components is also very good.

Zündstrahlmotor CHP plants are like the diesel engine CHP plants without restriction for the emergency power supply in z. As hospitals, hotels, airports, department stores, sprinkler systems, etc. allowed.

SCR and oxy-cat ( 31 )

Since the engine is an ignition jet engine with approx. 8% ignition oil content, an SCR catalytic converter must be used to maintain the nitrogen limit values according to TA-Luft in order to purify the exhaust gas of the ignition jet engine, which is also used to heat the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) serves.

Electrostatic filter ( 32 ) for the engine exhaust

The electrostatic filter ( 32 ) serves primarily as a dust filter for the exhaust gas to bring the particulate emissions below the levels of the TA air.

Exhaust silencer ( 33 )

Exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 34 )

Chimney ( 35 )

Entry ( 36 ) of the pyrolysis oil and condensate in Zündölaufbereitung ( 19 )

Camp ( 37 ) with an entry device for bed pocket and bed material of the carburettor

Optional devices

• 50 , Oxygen generator (optional)
• 51 , Gas scrubber for pyrolysis gas (optional) The pyrolysis gas is in this scrubber of long-chain hydrocarbons, in the form of z. As tars, purified by condensation. The washing medium is optionally water, biodiesel, vegetable oil or another fluid of biogenic origin. When using laden as vegetable oil or biodiesel as a washing liquid, the laden fluid is mixed with the resulting oil, tar or condensate the ignition oil for the engine.
• 52 , CO ₂ scrubber (optional) Optionally, the CO ₂ contained in the synthesis gas can be washed out and used directly in liquid form or in gaseous form as carbonic acid, as dry ice or in greenhouses as a growth-promoting measure. The discharge of carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas has the advantage that the reduction of the synthesis gas volume by the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen reduces the energy expenditure for the compression of the gas to more than 200 bar. In addition, due to the higher methane content, the gas supplied to the engine has a higher calorific value and thereby burns more efficiently.
• 53 , Synthesis Gas Compressor (Optional)
• 54 , Gas storage (optional)
• 55 , Synthesis Reactor (Optional) Fischer-Tropsch Procedure The methods described by Professor Franz Fischer and Dr. Ing. Hans Tropsch's hydrocarbon synthesis, discovered and patented more than 80 years ago, is a two-step reaction that converts solid fuels such as biomass, coke or other organic matter into liquid fuels such as diesel fuel and gasoline. In this case, liquid hydrocarbons are produced from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen fractions of a synthesis gas with the aid of metal catalysts. The hydrocarbons synthesized here consist mainly of liquid alkanes, also called paraffin oils. As by-products are still olefins, alcohols and solid paraffins. The required synthesis gas can be produced by pyrolysis at 600 ° C and higher or by gasification with water vapor and / or oxygen at temperatures above 900 ° C from biomass, coke or other carbonaceous organic substances. The discharge of hydrogen and carbon in the presented system has the further advantage that reducing the synthesis gas volume by the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen reduces the energy expenditure for the compression of the gas to more than 200 bar, and. In addition, due to the higher methane content, the gas supplied to the engine has a higher calorific value and thereby burns more efficiently.
• 56 , steam turbine

gas qualities pyrolysis Product gas from gasification with air Synthesis gas mixture of pyrolysis and product gas LHV [kJ / Nm ³ ] 15691 5230 8717 LHV [kW / Nm ³ ] 4.36 1.45 2.42 [Vol%] [Vol%] [Vol%] Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) 37.50 10.00 19.17 Carbon monoxide (CO) 27,50 27.02 27.18 Methane (CH ₄₎ 12,00 2.02 5.35 Hydrogen (H ₂ ) 12.50 7.77 9.35 Oxygen (O ₂ ) 0.37 0.37 Nitrogen (N ₂ ) 2.00 47.71 32.47 Sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) 0.01 0.01 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.00 0.00 Water (H ₂ O) 2.75 5.10 4.32 Ethene (C ₂ H ₄ ) 1.00 1.00 Ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ) 1.00 1.00 Propane (C ₃ H ₈ ) 0.00 Butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ) 0.00 2,2-dimethylpropane 2.0 (C ₅ H ₁₂ ) 0.00 Benzene (C ₆ H ₆ ) 0.00 2,2 dimethylbutane (C ₆ H ₁₄ ) 0.00 C _x H _y 5.50

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fuel dryer

2

pyrolysis reactor

3

Hot gas cyclone separator (pyrolysis gas stream)

4

Gas cooler (pyrolysis gas)

5

Booster fan

6

Fuel template for the carburetor

7

Reservoir for bed material of the carburetor

8th

Atmospheric carburetor (preferably stationary fluidized bed gasifier)

9

Hot gas cyclone separator (product gas flow)

10

Heat recovery heat exchanger for recirculating product gas (preheater)

11

air preheater

12

Bag filters

13

Gas cooler (product gas)

14

Circulation fan

15

Product gas booster fan

16

Synthesis gas scrubber

17

Oil tank

18

Washing fluid tank

19

Zündölaufbereitung

20

Buffer tank for ignition oil

21

Teerelektrostatikfilter

22

Synthesis gas compressor

23

Synthesis gas controlled system

24

Injector for synthesis gas injection

25

Injector for ignition oil injection

26

Injector for the air intake

27

outlet valve

28

turbocharger

29

Intercooler

30

Two-stroke dual fuel

31

SCR and oxy-cat

32

Electrostatic filter for engine exhaust

33

exhaust silencer

34

Exhaust gas heat exchanger

35

chimney

36

Entry in ignition oil processing ( 19 ) (Pyrolysis oil and condensate)

37

Bearing with an entry device for bed pocket and bed material of the carburettor

50

oxygen generator

51

Gas scrubber for pyrolysis gas

52

CO ₂ gas scrubber

53

Synthesis gas compressor

54

gas storage

55

synthesis reactor

56

steam turbine

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10258485 A1 [0002]
• DE 4238934 C2 [0004]
• DE 102004055-407 A1 [0005]

Claims (21)

Apparatus for the production of synthesis gas as fuel gas for internal combustion engines and for their operation and for the decentralized generation of electricity and heat by gasification of organic substances, consisting of: a. a fuel dryer ( 1 ) and a storage of organic matter with a fuel storage tank, b. a pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ), to which the organic substances can be supplied from the storage, and from an atmospheric gasifier ( 8th ), in which via a connection with the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) Pyrolysis of the pyrolysis reactor can be registered, with the formation of pyrolysis, pyrolysis, pyrolysis and tar in the pyrolysis reactor by supplying thermal energy for endothermic decomposition of organic substances and product gas by means of autothermal gasification of pyrolysis in the carburetor ( 8th ), characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) and a product gas line there have a heat exchanger, so that the required for the pyrolysis thermal energy directly or indirectly from that in the gasifier ( 8th ) or that an entry device of a warehouse ( 37 ) collected hot bed ash and the bed material from the carburetor ( 8th ) is applied, from which the supply of the required for the pyrolysis thermal energy can be made, further comprising: a system with separate gas strands to purify the pyrolysis gas stream and the product gas stream in separate partial streams and to cool, wherein c. in the respective pyrolysis and product gas streams heat exchangers ( 4 . 13 ), each of which can cool the pyrolysis or product gas to about 300 ° C, d. a hot gas cyclone cutter installed in each of the pyrolysis and product gas streams ( 3 . 9 ) and from an additional in the product gas flow bag filter ( 12 ); e. from a gas scrubber installed in the pyrolysis gas train ( 51 ) and / or from a combination of the lines of the pyrolysis and gas strands and from a synthesis scrubber installed in this synthesis gas line ( 16 ) and / or a tar electrostatic filter ( 21 ), with cooling with condensation of the tars as well as tarry pyrolysis condensates in the gas scrubber, f. a device via which the synthesis gas is mechanically and / or biologically and / or physically and / or chemically cleanable, g. a synthesis gas compressor in the form of a reciprocating compressor ( 22 ) with which the synthesis gas is compressible to> 200 bar, h. an ignition oil preparation ( 19 ), consisting of a centrifuge and a homogenizer, in the loaded wash oil and / or pyrolysis oil and condensate from the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) and / or tar from the electrostatic filter ( 21 ) can be worked up for use as ignition oil, i. a two-stroke ignition jet engine ( 30 ) as an internal combustion engine, which via separate injectors ( 24 . 25 . 26 ) for the high-density synthesis gas and for the ignition oil from wash oil and / or pyrolysis oil and condensate and / or from tar and for the combustion air, wherein the highly compressed synthesis gas via its separate injector ( 24 ) into the ignition jet engine ( 30 ) is einspritzbar Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the atmospheric gasifier ( 8th ) is a stationary fluidized bed gasifier. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a two-stage pyrolysis reactor. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a two-stage Drehrohrpyrolysereaktor is provided. Device according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that as a heat exchanger ( 4 . 13 ) Gas cooler in the form of tubular heat exchangers are created. Device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that a pressure booster blower ( 5 ) is placed in the pyrolysis gas train, which is there before merging with the product gas line and to compensate for the pressure loss in the Pyrolysegasstrang and the apparatuses and with which the product gas stream can be regulated more precisely. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-6, characterized in that the gasifier ( 8th ) a fuel template ( 6 ), in which the pyrolysis coke discharged out of the pyrolysis reactor is trappable and interposable. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-7, characterized in that the gasifier ( 8th ) a storage container ( 7 ) for bed material for forming the fluidized bed. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-8, characterized in that the atmospheric gasifier ( 8th ) is designed as a stationary fluidized bed gasifier with stepped air supply. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-9, characterized in that the carburetor ( 8th ) for supplying oxygen as combustion air an oxygen generator ( 50 ) having. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-10, characterized in that the synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) consists of a jet gas scrubber with a downstream flash tank and a mist eliminator, wherein for washing the synthesis gas a washing liquid circuit is provided and in the jet scrubber, a negative pressure for the suction can be generated, wherein the further a column bottom for vegetable oil is provided as a washing liquid, so that the Synthesegasbzw. Process gas purification takes place via the washing cycle, wherein a feed pump is provided which circles the laden washing liquid and refills the column sump. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-11, characterized in that for storage of fresh washing liquid and washing oil a fresh oil tank ( 17 ) is provided, can be removed from the removed as ignition refurbished wash oil to replenish the system with fresh wash oil. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-12, characterized in that it comprises a washing fluid tank ( 18 ), in which that from the synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) discharged, loaded washing fluid is trappable and storable. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-13, characterized in that the Zündölaufbereitung ( 19 ) a buffer tank ( 20 ) is connected downstream of the storage of refurbished ignition oil. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-14, characterized in that the synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) a tar electrostatic filter ( 21 ), in the condensate mixture (tar) is deposited, wherein the tar electrostatic filter consists of a vertically flowed filter field with a round cross-section, which is preceded by a filter field for the supplied synthesis gas, which consists of honeycomb precipitation electrodes, between which discharge electrodes are arranged sharp-edged strip electrodes, which ensure the highest possible filter voltage with optimal corona discharge, wherein an electric spray system is provided, which is supported by post insulators, which are electrically heated to avoid flashovers and wherein a high DC voltage is applied between the spray and precipitation electrodes. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-15, characterized in that the two-stroke ignition jet engine ( 30 ) in addition to a diesel injection additionally a synthesis gas controlled system ( 23 ), as is used in gas Otto engines, so that optionally two fuels are used for operating the Zündstrahlmotors, wherein the Zündstrahlmotor ( 30 ) a separate injector ( 24 ) for synthesis gas injection to which a synthesis gas compressor ( 22 ) is connected upstream, with which the synthesis gas at a pressure of> 200 bar in the combustion chamber of the Zündstrahlmotors ( 30 ) is feasible that the ignition jet engine ( 30 ) further includes an injector ( 25 ) for Zündöleindüsung, further comprising a separate injector ( 26 ), which is designed as an air inlet slot, so that the sucked combustion air can be introduced with a slight overpressure, and an outlet valve ( 27 ), a turbocharger ( 28 ) and a charge air cooler ( 29 ). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-16, characterized in that the exhaust gas of the ignition jet engine ( 30 ) before entering the first stage of the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) to heat it, into an SCR and Oxi catalyst ( 31 ) is feasible. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the exhaust gas of the engine after heating the first stage of the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) into an electrostatic filter ( 32 ) is guided, which is designed as a dust filter, wherein an exhaust muffler ( 33 ) and an exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 34 ) are connected downstream. Device according to one of claims 1-18, characterized in that an oxygen production plant with oxygen generator ( 50 ) parallel to the carburettor ( 8th ) is operable and this is equipped with appropriate nozzles to inject as a gasification technical oxygen and / or water vapor. Device according to one of claims 1-19, characterized in that a CO ₂ scrubber ( 52 ) is installed in the synthesis gas stream to largely wash out the CO ₂ content in the synthesis gas. Device according to one of claims 1-20, characterized in that a synthesis reactor ( 55 ) is installed to discharge the H ₂ content and the CO content in the synthesis gas in the required ratio and liquefy.

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