DE202007018628U1 - Device for generating electricity from heat - Google Patents

Abstract

Facility for power generation from heat, with a generator and a the dynamics of a moving medium receiving turbine, in which the Turbine and the generator are gearless with each other, wherein the turbine (3) or the turbine wheel (11) and the generator (4) on a common and / or co-managed axis (A) are arranged, characterized in that when used in an ORC system the generator (4) and the turbine (3) or the turbine wheel (11) of Turbine (3) and the pump (5) arranged on a common axis A. are.

Description

The Invention relates to a device for generating electricity from heat, with a generator and the dynamics of a moving medium receiving turbine, according to the preamble of the claim 1 and 14.

In the generation of electrical energy from the dynamics of a moving medium, the dynamics of the medium receiving turbine wheel is often connected via a gearbox with the power generator. This applies both to slow-running turbine wheels such as in the wind energy intake, but also in steam power plants. There are used equally gear for motion coupling. These should lead to a homogenization between turbine speed and generator speed by appropriate reduction or translation. It is already known to dispense with a turbine-generator coupling in the case of a gas turbine to a gear arranged therebetween. Such a device is from the EP 1 367 690 B1 known for a specific application. From the DE 10 2006 004 836 A1 a device is known in which lie according to the generic term turbine and generator already on a common axis. However, this is not yet sufficient to make this coupling in particular effective enough for technical integration in low-temperature ORC systems. This requires further efficiency-increasing measures.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, a device of generic type to evolve to that the coupling between turbine and generator free of mechanical Disadvantages is, and the energy intake and ultimately the energy conversion from the medium is more effectively usable.

The Asked task is in a device of the generic type Type according to the invention by the characterizing Characteristics of claim 1 solved.

Further advantageous embodiments are in the dependent claims 2-13.

The core of the invention is that when used in an ORC system, the generator ( 4 ) and the turbine ( 3 ) or the turbine wheel ( 11 ) of the turbine ( 3 ) is arranged on a common axis A.

This is a significant functional difference to the subject of the cited EP 1 367 690 B1 from the only known, the axes rotatably and thus coupling gear free with each other. However, in the prior art, this leads to the fact that each component, namely the generator and the turbine, each have a separately supported axis, which are coupled to one another by means of a single contact. However, since each axis is stored for itself, this leads to a mechanical overdetermination of the bearing or support points. Thus, an absolute unbalance-free synchronization would only be achievable if the connection of the turbine axis and the generator axis rotatorisch rotationally fixed, but axially balancing, ie would compensate for axial balancing. Although the connection would be gearless, but this axle compensation would be subject to wear and also swallows friction energy.

All These disadvantages are eliminated by the invention Design in which the turbine and the generator on a common and jointly mounted axis are arranged. Achsausgleiche completely omitted and only this is an absolute quiet synchronization takes place.

In Another advantageous embodiment is specified that the turbine is a radial centripetal turbine which is laterally to the axis of rotation streamed with the medium and the medium in the axial direction can be flowed out of the turbine centrally. This is structural especially for compact systems of considerable advantage. Another advantage lies in the optimal efficiency of a Such Turbinenradkonstruktion, with the curved laterally approaching Shovels is provided.

In Another advantageous embodiment is specified that the generator a brushless, preferably a permanent magnet generator. The friction resistance is significantly lower than at a generator with brushes.

Advantageous is also an embodiment in which the axis with magnetic or Air bearings is stored. This leads to a further reduction the frictional resistance, which is the efficiency of energy conversion in turn increased. Air bearings are sections on bearing shafts, which are surface-structured. That's what counts higher speeds to an air cushion on which the bearing shaft or the stored wave then runs.

All these advantages already achieved correspond particularly well an embodiment in which the inventive Turbine generator arrangement in a low temperature ORC plant is integrated. Here is the compact and extremely quiet turbine generator arrangement, as well as the measures to reduce friction losses especially effectively.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the low-temperature ORC plant (Organic Rankine Cycle) also has at least one Ver steamer stage, at least one condensation stage, and a pump for returning the condensed medium from the condenser stage to the evaporator stage. Thus, all components are integrated in a closed circuit, in particular the turbine-generator arrangement works optimized.

A special embodiment is that the pump also on the common and / or co-managed axis together with the generator and the turbine is arranged. This can be the ORC system be built extremely compact. For structural realization must only the cable guides are made accordingly, which is completely trouble free. By the co-arrangement the return pump for the circulating Medium on the same axis as turbine and generator, omitted thus conversion losses of otherwise existing electrical Assemblies. The pump is mechanically directly connected to the power of the taken on streamed turbine. Overall, this increases the overall efficiency, which is clearly visible in the energy balance is.

In Another advantageous embodiment is specified that as a medium niedertemperturverdampfende fluorinated hydrocarbons used become. These media evaporate at room temperature or already underneath. When operating the system at an evaporation temperature well above room temperature this works with good pressure values to generate an effective flow of the turbine.

One Particularly advantageous material for use as a medium is 1,1,1,33-pentafluoro-propane.

A Another useful alternative is butane as a medium.

Around now the ORC plant in optimal ecological principle too operate, d. H. with alternative energy sources for heating the Evaporator, in one embodiment, the evaporator is over a heat exchanger can be heated, which consists of a heat transfer medium (Water or thermal oil) from solar panels operable is. This type of equipment even has enormous utility for private applications in residential buildings. So can the solar heat of conventional solar panels the heat at least partially evaporate, and the electricity feed into the power grid. An inventive Device according to this embodiment has a very good efficiency. As if possible combined device in relation on a silent or combined heat and power generation it is competitive with semiconductor solar cell systems.

A Another advantageous embodiment is that evaporator over a heat exchanger is heated, which in turn from Waste heat can be heated. So the said device can also be used there and used where energy in the form of Waste heat is generated, which then passes through this ORC technological Embodiment is electricity.

In Another advantageous embodiment is specified that evaporator as well as the solar panel or the solar panels a common closed Have medium circulation, such that the evaporator medium without Heat exchanger directly in the pipes of the solar panels are heatable. This requires no heat exchanger more because in the tubes of the solar panels there is no more water, but already the evaporator medium flows and the temperature picks up directly. It is important to ensure that the pipes for the incurred pressure and are tight. By the removal the evaporator heat exchanger, the efficiency is further increased, because the thermal energy losses omitted.

A last advantageous embodiment is that while the Capacitor stage as a tube bundle or as a kind of heat sink is formed with folded surface over which the heat transfer to the environment, to a house heating, in a district heating network or in a heat storage deliverable is.

With In other words, the cooling of the capacitor is done by Heat exchange with the environment, or in the above specified Wise.

A Establishment of this kind also has a significant benefit in terms of on climate-friendly energy generation.

The The invention is illustrated in the drawing and closer explained.

It shows:

1 : Embodiment with turbine and generator on one axis.

2 : Radial centripetal turbine.

3 Embodiment with turbine, generator and recirculation pump on one axis.

4 Embodiment with integration of the evaporator stage directly in solar panels.

1 shows a first embodiment in which the turbine of the turbine 3 are arranged with the generator on a physically common axis A. It should be noted here that, in contrast to the above-described prior Technique, the turbine and the generator does not have two separate axes, which are coupled to each other. Because this leads to a stock overdetermination and thus to a rest rest of these two components.

According to the invention, the extended axis A of the generator 4 one with the axis of the turbine 3 or the turbine wheel 11 , Thus, the device is extremely smooth running and the coupling leads to the efficiency of the entire device increasing technical measure. The turbine wheel of the turbine 3 is with the help of the evaporator 1 outflowing evaporator medium, in this example 1,1,1,33-pentafluoro-propane, which in the evaporator by supplying heat through the evaporator heat exchanger 40 is brought to an evaporation temperature T1 and the turbine wheel of the turbine 3 flows against. The so-flowed turbine wheel absorbs this energy and through the rotationally fixed connection via the common axis A with the generator 4 , or the rotor of the generator 4 this is driven. The generator is z. B. formed as a brushless permanent magnet excited generator. The generated electrical energy is then at the output 10 at.

The turbine 3 is called a radial centripetal turbine with an in 2 later shown even closer turbine wheel 11 equipped, in which the medium is tangential to the turbine wheel 11 flowed in and then derived by a corresponding lamellae centrally. The medium flows into a condenser 2 via a heat exchanger 7 the medium cools down again. The heat absorbed in turn can be used again, or can be re-converted, or recycled.

The cooled and condensed medium is cooled down to a condensation temperature of T2 and via a return pump 5 back to the evaporator 1 pumped. This is externally supplied with heat and the process then continues. This means that the medium is in a closed cycle.

At the heat exchanger 7 At a low temperature, a coolant is passed through a heat exchange conduit. The at the heat exchanger 7 absorbed heat is thereby either used or recycled in the said manner.

Via a control valve 6 the circulation is regulated as a whole.

generator 4 and turbine 3 can also work in an assembly 20 to be housed.

An exemplary temperature control runs depending on the pressure and the medium used so that T1, ie the output temperature is about 70 ° C, in the condenser 2 then again cooled to T2, that is about 40 ° C and condensed, and at about this temperature level of T4 = T2 in about the evaporator again 1 is supplied.

At the entrance of the heat exchanger 7 A coolant is supplied at about T3 equal to 10 ° C and discharged to about T4 equal to 40 ° C again.

2 shows in detail, but only schematically the turbine wheel 11 , This is impinged on the edge approximately tangentially by the vaporized medium. The medium is led by the lamellar guide to the center of the turbine wheel and can flow out there centrally before it afterwards as in 1 is supplied to the capacitor.

3 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment, in which not only generator 4 and turbine 3 or turbine wheel 11 and rotor are arranged on a common physical axis A, but also the return pump 5 , This not only has the advantage of having the energy for the return pump 5 is applied directly from the generated mechanical energy of the turbine wheel, which further increases the efficiency, but the design of the entire device is thereby even more compact.

In this case, as indicated here, the entire assembly turbine, generator and return pump standing upright between evaporator 1 and capacitor 2 to be placed. Due to the more compact design, only short media lines are required, which reduces heat losses and thus also increases efficiency even further. In addition, there is a small-scale device.

4 shows an embodiment in which instead of a separate evaporator 1 , the bottom side as in 1 represented thermal energy through the evaporator heat exchanger 40 must be fed, instead, now the evaporator in the tubes of a solar collector 30 is immediately integrated.

The tubes of the solar collector must be installed only pressure resistant and designed so that the absorbed solar energy, the medium, for example, the said penta-fluorine-propane readily in the tubes of the solar collector 30 is evaporated, and then the steam is fed directly to the turbine.

The further embodiment can then again according to 1 or 3 be educated. In both cases, the evaporator needs 1 only against a pressure-resistant solar collector 30 be replaced.

In all design examples, the bearings of the common Axis also be magnetic or air bearing, both the smoothness increases, as well as the friction losses strong reduced. Overall, this feature increases in the Overall process achievable efficiency.

The Use of butane or penta-fluoro-propane are exemplary only. Possible are all media with correspondingly low Boiling point.

1

Evaporator

2

capacitor

3

turbine

4

generator

5

Pump, Recirculation pump

6

control valve

7

heat exchangers

10

output electrical energy

11

turbine

20

module

30

solar panel

40

Evaporator heat exchanger

A

axis

T1

outlet temperature Evaporator

T2

Return temperature to the evaporator

T3

inlet temperature heat exchangers

T4

outlet temperature heat exchangers

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1367690 B1 [0002, 0007]
• DE 102006004836 A1 [0002]

Claims (13)

A device for generating electricity from heat, comprising a generator and a dynamic fluid receiving turbine in which the turbine and the generator are coupled to each other gearless, wherein the turbine ( 3 ) or the turbine wheel ( 11 ) and the generator ( 4 ) are arranged on a common and / or jointly supported axis (A), characterized in that when used in an ORC system, the generator ( 4 ) and the turbine ( 3 ) or the turbine wheel ( 11 ) of the turbine ( 3 ) and the pump ( 5 ) are arranged on a common axis A. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire arranged on an axis assembly consisting of turbine / turbine wheel ( 3 . 11 ), Generator ( 4 ) and pump ( 5 ) standing upright between evaporator ( 1 ) and capacitor ( 2 ) is placed. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the turbine ( 3 ) is a radial centripetal turbine, which flows laterally to the axis of rotation with the medium and the medium in the axial direction can be flowed out of the turbine centrally. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the generator ( 4 ) is a brushless, preferably a generator with permanent magnets. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis (A) with magnetic or air bearings is stored. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a low-temperature ORC plant also at least one evaporator stage ( 1 ), at least one condensation stage ( 2 ), as well as a pump ( 5 ) for recycling the condensed medium from the condenser stage ( 2 ) to the evaporator stage ( 1 ) having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that low-temperature evaporating medium fluorinated hydrocarbons are used. Device according to claim 7, characterized that 1,1,1,33-pentafluoro-propane is used as the medium. Device according to claim 7, characterized Butane is used as a medium. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the evaporator ( 1 ) is heatable via a heat exchanger, which is operable from a heat carrier (water or thermal oil) from solar panels. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that evaporator ( 1 ) is heatable via a heat exchanger, which in turn can be heated from waste heat. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that evaporator ( 1 ) as well as the solar collector ( 30 ) or the solar collectors have a common closed medium circuit, such that the evaporator medium without heat exchanger directly in tubes of the solar panels ( 30 ) is heatable. Device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the capacitor stage ( 2 ) is designed as a tube bundle or as a kind of heat sink with a folded surface, via which the heat transfer to the environment, to a house heating, in a district heating network or in a heat storage vornehmbar.