DE202007002897U1 - Photovoltaic solar module - Google Patents

Abstract

Photovoltaic solar module (1) with
a. at least one or more solar cells (2), in particular bifacial solar cells, arranged at a distance from one another on the surface of the solar module,
b. and at least one or more radiation-deflecting surface elements (8) which direct light incident on these surface elements (8) to the solar cells (2),
characterized in that
c. the radiation-deflecting surface elements (8) are designed as light-conducting surface elements (8) which consist of a light-conducting plastic and have a light-collecting surface (10) facing the sun and at least one or more active surfaces (11) arranged in such a way the collected light from the active surface (s) (11) is directed to one or more of the solar cells (2) of the solar module (1).

Description

The The invention relates to a photovoltaic solar module according to the preamble of claim 1.

solar cells are electrical components, which sunlight through the photoelectric Convert effect into electrical energy. They are in different ways embodiments known.

Next Solar cells, which incident only on one of its two main external surfaces Converting light into electrical energy are also called bifacial solar cells known in itself. Bifacial solar cells are planar solar cells denotes the light from above and below, d. H. from both sides can absorb so that not only with them on their front - d. H. on the side facing the sun - directly incident light but For example, light is absorbable, which on a bright Wall is falling and from this to the back Bifacial solar cells is reflected.

solar Panels contain one or preferably several solar cells that are in the solar module to a against environmental influences protected, as good as possible manageable and provided with electrical connections unit which are usually one the solar cells on their turned to the sun Have side covering transparent disc, a frame, a Support material which holds the solar cells and a back cover, z. B. a lamination. In addition, the solar module has the electrical connections and preferably mounting means, for example, the Allow installation of the solar module on a building.

Also Solar modules with bifacial cells are known per se. With you the bifacial solar cells are spaced apart on transparent surface elements arranged like glass panes. Direct sunlight will be on the Sun-facing side of the solar cells converted into electrical energy. In addition, sunlight shines through the spaces between the solar cells by. This light is, for example, from rear surfaces, such. B. white house walls or Snow surfaces u. Like. Reflected, so that it is the bifacial solar cells of the back shines. As a result, in the solar cells quasi double-sided Electricity generated.

There the reflection of house walls or snow surfaces relative is low, are used to improve the efficiency in the bifacial photovoltaic modules reflective surfaces such as B. Mirror in arched or angled arrangement, which the reflected light preferably bundle and on the back the bifacial solar cells redirect.

to Simplification of handling it is also known, the transparent surfaces with the bifacial solar cells and the reflective mirror assembly for radiation deflection in a common frame, preferably in an aluminum frame, to arrange.

The radiation-deflecting surface elements Although they improve the efficiency of solar modules with bifacial solar cells further. Nevertheless, there is a need for further optimization the well-known solar modules.

So is still the efficiency of the known bifacial solar modules problematic, since the deflected sunbeams are not exclusively under the solar cells get out but also out of the modules be blasted.

hereby In particular, there are also unpleasant reflections or reflections.

So called tracking systems, which track the modules of the sun, can indeed help. But they are very expensive and relatively expensive and increase that Total weight so much that the modules no longer everywhere can be used.

tracking systems are also due to the associated noise and energy consumption disadvantageous.

Problematic In addition, that is usually the look through the tracking system is impaired.

It The object of the invention is an improved solar module, in particular with bifacial solar cells, to create that at least a part the above problems and the advantage of a good Efficiency offers.

The Invention solves this object by the subject matter of claim 1.

advantageous Embodiments of the invention are the dependent claims remove.

Of the inventive solar module has as the radiation-deflecting surface elements photoconductive surface elements (Light guide plates), which consists of a light-conducting plastic exist and have at least one active surface arranged in such a way and is designed that from her the collected light on one or several solar cells of the solar module is passed.

Preferably this arrangement is kept in a frame.

Photoconductive Plastics or light-wave conducting plastics in particular in Fiber form have been known for a long time. Also known are light conductive plastics in one embodiment as surface elements.

So become light-conducting surface elements Plastic, for example, as information signs or as design elements used by lighting.

When Plastics of this kind are, for example, polycarbonates (PC) or polymethylmetachrylates (PMMA) for use, possibly with fillers are provided (for example nanoscale ceramics). In newer Time such light-conducting plastics have been significantly developed. improves In particular, the area indices of the Boundary layers, the total reflections, the refraction behavior, the interference behavior and the acceptance angle. It was also the inclusion of color pigments possible.

such photoconductive surface elements made of plastic "collect" the light over the to the sun or light source (outward) surfaces in the Inside and divert the rays by reflection in the plastic side continue, with the radiation density increases greatly. The Light emission from the light-conducting surface elements takes place on narrow outer surfaces, the as active surfaces be designated.

Photoconductive surface elements Of a photoconductive plastic are generally in total too transparent to a degree.

Especially advantageous is the use of the light-conducting surface elements made of a light-conducting plastic to solar modules, the whole or Partially provided with bifacial solar cells, since here are the backs Bifacial solar cells can be irradiated by the active surfaces. so be disturbing Reflections emanating from the solar modules, in a simple manner avoided. In addition, a compact design is achieved because the active surfaces are not be arranged on the sun-facing side of the solar cells have to.

in the Contrary to the prior art is also high-intensity light on the back led the bifacial solar cells, so that the efficiency of the Solar module is significantly increased with simple, relatively inexpensive means.

It is also advantageous if, according to a preferred embodiment the active surfaces spaced from the solar cells is arranged. This allows the Solar cells have a larger area as the certifying active surface (s), which is advantageous affects the efficiency of the arrangement.

By the spacing of the active surfaces It is also conceivable that the solar cells in a surface area each of the active surfaces are illuminated by two or more light-conducting surface elements. As a result, the thus irradiated solar cell is at least in the corresponding surface area quasi "double" or multiply by Illuminated light.

following The invention is based on an embodiment with reference closer to the name described. It shows:

1 a plan view of a schematically illustrated solar module;

2 a side view of the solar module 1 and

3 an enlarged detail 2 ,

1 shows a plan view of a solar module 1 at its top - that is, at its sun-facing side - with a variety of bifacial solar cells 2 is occupied.

The bifacial solar cells 2 are on the surface of the solar module, by a lateral, preferably circumferential frame 6 is limited, arranged in a plurality of parallel rows spaced from each other, so that not the entire surface of the solar module with the solar cells 2 is covered.

It offers, for example, so about 30% to 70%, in particular about half, the surface of the solar module to be provided with solar cells and not the remaining area.

The spaced arrangement of the solar cells 2 has the effect that on the one hand a part of the solar module 1 incident solar radiation 3 on the top of the solar cells 2 meets and on the other hand - see 2 - also a part 4 the radiation passes laterally past the solar cells.

The solar module 1 with the bifacial solar cells 2 offers the advantage that it requires significantly fewer solar cells than a corresponding solar module with single or single-acting solar cells, so that it can be produced more cost-effectively than a solar module whose entire solar facing surface is covered with solar cells.

The solar cells 2 are at the top of the module in or on a transparent surface element 5 arranged, which may for example consist of glass or plastic.

The surface element 5 is preferably from the frame 6 surrounded, which consists of profiles and serves among other things to facilitate assembly.

Out 2 it can be seen that at the bottom of the frame 6 preferably a final floor element 7 how a floor panel can be arranged. The floor element 7 but is not mandatory.

To 2 are the solar cells 2 arranged in several rows parallel to each other and spaced from each other. They are electrically connected to each other. Connections "+" and "-" allow the connection of electrical lines (not shown).

In the space between the solar cells are - preferably in a plane below the solar cells and preferably above the bottom elements 7 - Radiation-redirecting surface elements 8th arranged of light-conducting plastic.

The surface elements 8th are designed to emit radiation on their sun-facing surface 4 absorb and within the surface element 8th forward. The incident radiation is reflected back to the outside only to a very small extent.

The in the surface elements 8th incident light rays become up to one or more edge active surfaces 11 directed, from which the forwarded radiation again from the photoconductive surface element 8th emerges from plastic, namely with a multiplication of the radiation density of the incident radiation.

The active surfaces 11 are designed and aligned so that the forwarded radiation as closely as possible to the back of the Bifocal solar cells 2 where the incoming light is converted into electrical energy. Such a high efficiency can be achieved without having to occupy the entire surface of the solar module with solar cells.

In 3 is an enlarged partial view of the area module 8th shown with its radiation profile.

The light-conducting plastic surface element 8th Absorbs on its sun-facing quilt 10 the sunlight 4 , which at the photovoltaic modules 2 it shines and guides it inside (radiation 9 ) up to the one or more active surfaces 11 from which it emerges bundled again. The at least one active surface 11 may be a vertical or otherwise angled or curved cut through the surface element 8th be educated.

In the present case, the surface element 8th as a whole, it has a slightly convex curvature and extends from an active area which lies below a first row of bifacial solar cells to a further active area under a parallel row of bifacial solar cells.

It are other configurations, such. As oblique surfaces, square or structured surfaces possible.

With the slightly arched execution but is going according to the arrangement of the sun in the sky in the course one day always achieved an optimal surface orientation.

In this case, the curved structure does not serve as a concave mirror surface of the direct reflection of light on the bifacial solar cells, but it is within the fabric a forwarding to the active surfaces 11 instead of.

It is also conceivable, the lower floor element 7 to omit or even interpret transparently.

As well as the light-conducting plastic of the surface element 8th has a certain transparency, this module can also be used as a light-permeable surface element in front of a building opening z. B. a window or a facade.

The transparency of the surface elements or structures 8th leaves a residual amount of light that is sufficient to achieve a lightening of the building's back rooms.

It is also possible, the surface element 8th colored, so that the use of the solar modules according to the invention also offers architectural design options. The invention also proposes to provide facade or window elements with solar modules of the type according to the invention.

1

solar module

2

solar cells

3

direct radiation

4

indirect radiation

5

surface element

6

frame

7

floor element

8th

surface element

9

forwarded radiation

10

quilt

11

active area

Claims (13)

Photovoltaic solar module ( 1 ) with a. at least one or more solar cells arranged at a distance from one another on the surface of the solar module ( 2 ), in particular bifacial solar cells, b. and at least one or more radiation-deflecting surface elements ( 8th ), which on these surface elements ( 8th ) falling light on the solar cells ( 2 ), characterized in that c. the radiation-deflecting surface elements ( 8th ) as light-conducting surface elements ( 8th ) are formed, which consist of a light-conducting plastic and a sun-facing light-collecting surface ( 10 ) and at least one or more active surfaces) ( 11 ), which is arranged such that the collected light from the active surface (s) (s) ( 11 ) to one or more of the solar cells ( 2 ) of the solar module ( 1 ). Solar module according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar cells as bifacial solar cells ( 2 ) are designed. Solar module according to claim 1, characterized in that 30% to 70% of the sun-facing surface of the solar module ( 1 ) with the solar cells ( 2 ) is occupied. Solar module according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the light-conducting surface elements ( 8th ) on the solar module next to, in particular between, the solar cells ( 2 ) are arranged such that from the active surfaces ( 11 ) radiated light on the backside of the bifacial solar cells facing away from the sun ( 2 ) is radiated. Solar module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the solar cells ( 2 ) are arranged side by side in several rows and that the light-guiding surface elements ( 8th ) on two opposite side in each case one of the active surfaces ( 11 ) which are oriented to direct their light to the backsides of the bifacial solar cells ( 2 ) radiate. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light-conducting surface elements ( 7 ) are configured convexly convex and that the active surfaces ( 11 ) are formed on the sides of the grooves and under mutually adjacent rows of bifacial solar cells ( 2 ) lie. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar cells and the light-conducting surface elements ( 7 ) of a common framework ( 6 ) are surrounded and held. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active surfaces ( 11 ) is arranged at a distance from the solar cells. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one or more of the solar cells in each case by the active surfaces of two or more photoconductive surface elements ( 7 ) are illuminated. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar module, a bottom element ( 7 ), which closes the solar module on the side facing away from the sun. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom element ( 7 ) is transparent. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bottom element ( 7 ) is colored. Façade or window element with a solar module according to any one of the preceding claims.