DE202007008841U1 - Plate-shaped structure with adsorptive properties - Google Patents

Abstract

panel-form Structure (1) with a particular grid or plate-shaped Carrier (2), wherein the carrier (2) a plurality of openings (3), characterized in that in the openings (3) an odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierendes material (4) is included or intended.

Description

The The present invention relates to materials based on a plate-shaped Structure with adsorptive properties and their use. Especially The present invention relates to a plate-shaped Structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

by virtue of a growing environmental awareness on the one hand, but also on the other hand, due to highly sensitive analytical methods the pollution of our environment or environment by pollutants and odors more and more in the public eye. For example, there is for the area polluted and / or odor-contaminated Building an increased need, this with as possible To free little effort from harmful and / or odorous substances and to renovate if necessary. Furthermore, there is a need that Room climate or room air in polluted and / or odorous substances Improve rooms accordingly.

in the Within the scope of the present invention are as pollutants in particular such substances are already known in small quantities in humans Irritations, allergies or diseases can cause. These include, for example, wood preservatives, such as pentachlorophenol (PCP) and lindane, plasticizers, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the so-called VOC or even formaldehyde. So for example Formaldehyde used in chipboard and is now considered carcinogenic classified. Also, hydrocarbons, if necessary are aromatic, or their chlorinated derivatives as pollutants For the purposes of the present invention, for example, from paints, coatings, Adhesives or the like escape.

As previously mentioned, include volatile organic substances, usually as so-called VOC (= volatile organic Compounds) referred to the pollutants within the meaning of the present Invention, the room climate or the ambient air more or can burden less severely. According to definition The World Health Organization is using VOC organic substances a boiling range generally from 60 to 250 ° C; to the VOC count z. B. Compounds of the substance groups alkanes and alkenes, aromatics, terpenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, Aldehydes and ketones. There are a variety of course occurring VOCs, some of them in significant quantities in the Atmosphere are delivered, such. Terpenes and isoprenes from forests. The by human activities However, environmental pollution caused by VOCs has been in the last century increased sharply. The biggest part of it Transport, but already in second place is the building sector the construction chemicals, such. As paints, adhesives, Sealants or the like. Possible sources of VOC indoors are not only the building materials but also furnishings, Cleaning and care products, hobby and DIY products, office chemicals, Tobacco smoke, carpets etc. The hazard potential through this group of substances is very different, since it is a variety of very different substances, the accordingly also have very different effects on health. With the following statements, however, the VOC problem can be outlined: To The VOCs include some compounds that are considered highly toxic or even classified as carcinogenic, such. B. benzene. Also for typical symptoms of the so-called "sickle-building syndrome", like dry mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat, VOCs are blamed. In addition, runny nose, Eyes tears, itching, tiredness, headache, limited mental ability, increased Susceptibility to infection and unpleasant odors and taste sensations associated with increased VOC exposure observed.

Especially problematic pollutants are in particular the abovementioned PCB, for example, as plasticizers in jointing compounds, in particular in the construction of prefabricated buildings were used. Recent findings have shown that during the course of PCBs Time from sealants in both the adjacent concrete elements diffuse as well as from the joint seals in the ambient air can be delivered. About the air exchange Then the air contaminated with PCB is spread over the entire building distributed. The so released from the joint seals PCB strikes dissolves in the rooms partially particle bound, dissolves to a large extent but also in wall paints and plastics, which leads to the release after some time formed a series of so-called secondary emission sources be here, in particular painted wall and ceiling surfaces to call. These secondary sources then contain in the in general, such a large amount of PCB that they represent a large emission surface, so that a only removal of joint seals no decrease in PCB concentrations in the room air below the prescribed values.

As previously mentioned, another source of pollutants and / or odors may be, for example, carpets. The emissions arise z. Example, characterized in that starting materials of these products react under the influence of moisture and / or under the influence of constituents of the substrate materials, so that the soil even after removing the flooring further emits odors and / or pollutants, so that either the entire floor removed or one Intermediate floor with rear ventilation must be laid.

A Another source of emission for unpleasant, sometimes too harmful emissions are additives to the building material itself. For example, many buildings affected by ammonia fumes, due to the use of Ammonium salts, ureas or organic amines in the widest Meaning as antifreeze for concrete and mortar are attributed. Furthermore, as a cause sometimes for the evaporation of amines a previous use of a room (eg for purposes of animal husbandry) to call, which leads that components over a prolonged period of exposure to the pollutants from the air become. Even with a removal of the primary emission sources of these substances, for example in the case of a rededication of a stable building a residential or commercial space, then these harmful and / or odors from the secondary sources, namely Wall and ceiling surfaces, further emitted.

But also relatively harmless, because not necessarily harmful to health Odors can sometimes pollute the indoor climate, for example, the waste containers, toilets, drains or the like exuding unpleasant odors or odors.

It has not lacked attempts in the art, the pollutants and to remove odors of the type previously described. mostly are known from the prior art for this purpose methods less powerful or less efficient or solve it the problem is incomplete. Many methods and the materials used for this purpose are also in the With regard to their range of applications not universal, especially mostly only for a very special purpose, can be used.

So is in the DE 40 28 434 A1 provided a means for removing PCB emitting pollutant sources in the form of PCB-contaminated joint sealants, which by suitable measures the sealant, ie only the primary source, is cut out and disposed of. However, the method accesses only the primary sources so that a decontamination of the secondary sources is disregarded.

Next is from the DE 38 18 993 A1 a method for the remediation of polluted rooms known, in which the polluted room air is purified by that art is bypassed by adsorbents by appropriate measures or artificially or only by natural circulation. For example, the polluted air is forced through adsorbent towers charged with adsorbents. Another possibility described therein is to pass the air on large area, with adsorbents loaded fabrics, such as curtains. This method has the decisive disadvantage of resorting only to the already contaminated room air, which repeatedly mixed with the polluted air, so that at most a dilution effect is achieved.

Furthermore, textile, acted upon with adsorbents, generally provided with a water-impermeable, but water-vapor-permeable coating surface materials are known, which are formed as a function of the pollutant source as wallpaper, flooring or the like and are applied via the corresponding pollutants and / or odors emitting sources ( see, for example, DE 44 32 834 A1 . DE 44 47 844 C2 . DE 196 07 423 A1 and DE 200 08 162 U1 ). However, the materials described therein are not suitable for drywall, in particular not as wall, floor or ceiling elements.

Furthermore, from the WO 2005/026465 A2 Building materials for interior construction based on gypsum plasterboard, such as gypsum plasterboard and gypsum fiberboards, which contain zeolites in amounts of 1 to 25 wt .-% and are intended to reduce indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde, ammonia, tobacco smoke, etc., to reduce , However, the zeolites used there do not always provide the desired result, in particular due to their not always sufficient ability to decompose harmful substances and / or odors from the ambient air or sorb. In addition, since the zeolites are stirred into the gypsum compound during the production of the gypsum boards, a large part of their surface is not freely accessible to the pollutants and odors to be absorbed or decomposed, so that the pollutants and odors through the gypsum compound to the herein have to diffuse embedded zeolites. For the above reasons, relatively large amounts of zeolites must be used, but this may affect the building materials as such, particularly with regard to their composite or their stability.

The The problem underlying the present invention is therefore in particular in the provision of as universal as possible usable materials with adsorptive properties in terms of Odor and / or pollutants, which previously described At least largely avoid disadvantages of the prior art or at least mitigate it.

In particular, materials based on a plate-like structure with adsorptive properties be made available, which should allow a possible universal and / or efficient usability in terms of a reduction of odors and / or pollutants from the ambient air.

The Applicant has now surprisingly found that solved the problem described above can be that one at a plate-shaped Structure a particular grid or plate-shaped Carrier provides and this vehicle with a variety of perforations in which an odor and / or pollutant adsorbing Material is added, equips or provides.

to Solution to the problem described above the present invention according to a first aspect the present invention, a plate-shaped structure according to claim 1 before. Further, advantageous embodiments are Subject of the dependent claims (Claims 2 to 33).

object The present invention is thus a plate-shaped Structure with a particular grid or plate-shaped Carrier, the carrier having a plurality of apertures has, wherein in the openings an odor and / or pollutant adsorbing Material is included or provided.

in the general is the carrier of the invention plate-shaped construction formed self-supporting.

Farther it is advantageous if the wearer of the plate-shaped Structure according to the present invention thermally stable is formed, in particular a resistance with respect to temperatures of up to at least 100 ° C, preferably to at least 150 ° C, more preferably to at least 200 ° C, having. In this way it is possible for the case that the adsorption capacity of the odoriferous and / or pollutant adsorbing material after a certain Time of use should be exhausted, the plate-shaped Overall structure of a thermal treatment for the purpose of desorption can be subjected, so that in this way the plate-shaped Total construction regenerated after a period of use and reused or recycled.

in the In general, the carrier of the plate-like structure according to the invention made of metal (eg stainless steel, aluminum, metal alloys, etc.), made of plastic, of a building material (eg gypsum, plasterboard, Gypsum fiber composite, cement fiber composite, glass fibers, carbon fibers etc.), of a composite material or the like.

According to one preferred embodiment, the carrier of the plate-shaped invention Structure of a metal or a building material or includes this. In the event that the carrier the plate-shaped structure according to the invention a building material includes or consists of, can this is a building board made of gypsum, gypsum plasterboard, gypsum fiber composite, Cement fiber composite, glass fibers, carbon fibers, wood, wood fibers, Plastic or the like, and combinations thereof. In accordance with the invention particularly preferred manner However, the carrier is formed as a metal grid.

According to one Embodiment of the present invention may be the carrier of the plate-shaped invention Structure be formed lattice-shaped. In this case can the carrier, for example, a metal grid, preferably a stainless steel or aluminum grille.

According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention can the carrier of the invention plate-shaped structure but also plate-shaped be educated. In this case, the carrier may, for example be formed in the manner of a perforated plate, d. H. ie a plate-shaped material material, which has a plurality of openings to be.

in the general is the carrier of the invention plate-shaped construction formed flat. Usually has the carrier of the invention plate-shaped structure a height of 0.1 to 20 cm, in particular 0.5 to 10 cm, preferably 1 to 8 cm, on; nevertheless, depending on the application or the individual case, it is not excluded deviate from the above values without the frame of the present invention.

in principle can the openings, which in the carrier of the plate-shaped invention Structure are provided, have any geometries. In general are the openings round, oval or square, in particular square, educated.

Usually the openings are grid-shaped, especially in Form of a preferably regular grid about the carrier distributed, trained.

In general, the surface extension of all apertures is 10 to 95%, in particular 30 to 90%, preferably 20 to 85%, of the total surface extent of the support and / or the plate-like structure. In other words makes in the planar projection plane, the total area formed by the openings of all openings 10 to 95%, in particular 30 to 90%, preferably 40 to 85%, of the total area of the support and / or the plate-like structure.

Usually are the openings with the pollutant and / or odor adsorbing material provided, in particular filled out. So that the pollutant and / or odor-adsorbing material remains in the openings, the openings are one-sided or two-sided, preferably on both sides of a gas-permeable, especially air-permeable Covering covered. In general, each is an entire Flat side of the carrier covered with the covering material, preferably both flat sides of the carrier. In other words, covered the covering material or the complete Carrier, including the existing openings, advantageously on both sides of the carrier. In this way is ensured that the pollutant and / or Odor adsorbing material remains in the openings and in the application can not fall out of the openings

As cover material for covering the perforations, a textile sheet material, in particular a woven fabric (eg screen mesh), knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, nonwoven fabric or non-woven, is generally used. Advantageously, the textile sheet material used as cover material has a basis weight in the range of 5 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 150 g / m ² , on. Gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable surface materials of another type (eg metal mesh) are equally suitable as cover material.

It is only to be careful that in the case of use particulate, in particular grain or spherical, ensures odor or Schadadsorbenorbierende materials is that in the gas-permeable, in particular air permeable cover material existing mesh openings or the like of the particular textile sheet material smaller than the diameter of the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierenden Particles, which, however, for the expert understands itself.

What As far as the cover material is concerned, this can be on or on the carrier of the plate-shaped according to the invention Attached structure or be connected thereto (eg by gluing, welding, Stapling, sewing or the like). According to one particular embodiment, the attachment or connection the cover material for the openings on or on each carrier be designed to be detachable; this has the decisive advantage that after use of the invention plate-like structure, the covering material again from the carrier detached and the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing Material from the openings can be removed, for example to be supplied to a regeneration.

In general, the plate-shaped structure according to the present invention in the region of the openings is gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, formed. This means that the openings are formed with a gas, in particular air, permeable. Advantageously, the gas permeability, in particular air permeability, in the region of the openings is at least 10 lm ^-2 .s ^-1 , in particular at least 30 lm ^-2 .s ^-1 , preferably at least 50 lm ^-2 .s ^-1 , particularly preferably at least 100 lm ^-2 .s ^-1 , very particularly preferably at least 400 lm ^-2 .s ^-1 or more, with a flow resistance of 127 Pa.

What the inventively used pollutant and / or As far as smell-adsorbing material is concerned, these are preferably activated carbon, d. H. the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing Material is advantageously formed on the basis of activated carbon.

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention is the invention used odor and / or particulate pollutant adsorbing material, in particular granular, preferably spherical, formed.

in the As part of this embodiment, the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material loose or in bulk be received in the openings or the openings fill in bulk. This way will a high packing density and thus a high adsorption capacity provided. Another advantage of loose bulk is to be seen in the fact that the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende Material in bulk easily exchangeable and is regenerable.

Yet it may according to an alternative, according to the invention less preferred embodiment, the odorless and / or pollutant-adsorbing material on a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable three-dimensional support structure (For example, on an open-cell foam) to fix, the acted upon by the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material three-dimensional support structure then in the openings is taken or this fills.

According to the invention, however, one is preferred Embodiment, according to which the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material is added loosely or in bulk in the openings, which is associated with the advantages described above.

As far as the amount of odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material is concerned, it can vary widely. In general, the loading amount of odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierendem material is designed such that the provided by the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material adsorption capacity is sufficient in the use of the plate-like structure according to the invention from the environment originated emissions of harmful and / or Permanently adsorptive bind or remove odors. Advantageously, the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material in the plate-like structure according to the invention in a loading amount of 0.01 to 10 g, in particular 0.1 to 8 g, preferably 0.5 to 5 g, be present per single opening. In particular, the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material in the range of all openings with a total surface loading amount of 20 to 750 g / m ² , in particular 25 to 500 g / m ² , preferably 30 to 400 g / m ² , more preferably 50 to 300 g / m ² , be present, based on the plate-shaped structure as a whole.

As previously described, it is particularly according to the invention preferred when the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material particulate, in particular granular, preferably spherical, particularly preferably based on activated carbon, is trained. Nevertheless, other manifestations come such as fibers such. As activated carbon fibers, or powdery Activated carbon, etc. into consideration.

According to the invention preferred However, it is when the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing Material as a granular, preferably spherical, Activated carbon particles is formed, d. H. the activated carbon is granular ("Kornkohle"), preferably spherical ("Kugelkohle"), is trained. In this case, the activated carbon grains, preferably Activated carbon spheres, advantageously mean particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 mm, especially 0.05 to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm, on.

According to the invention preferred used activated carbon grains, preferably activated carbon beads have a bursting pressure of at least 5 Newton, in particular a bursting pressure in the range of 5 Newton to 20 Newton per activated carbon grain or activated carbon beads on.

In order to ensure high performance of the plate-like structure according to the invention, it is advantageous if the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material used, in particular the activated carbon used, a specific surface area (BET) of at least 500 m ² / g, in particular at least 750 m ² / g, preferably at least 1,000 m ² / g, more preferably at least 1,200 m ² / g. In general, the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material used according to the invention, in particular the activated carbon used according to the invention, has a specific surface area (BET) in the range from 500 to 2500 m ² / g, in particular 750 to 2250 m ² / g, preferably 900 to 2000 m ² / g, particularly preferably from 1,000 to 1,750 m ² / g. For example, reference can be made to the BET method Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, keyword: "BET method" , as well as the literature reviewed there, in particular Winnacker-Kuchler, 3rd edition, Volume 7, pages 93 ff. , such as Z. Annal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968) ,

In order to enable a high efficiency of the plate-like construction according to the invention, it is preferred if the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material used, in particular the activated carbon used, an activated carbon having an adsorption _volume V _ads of at least 250 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 300 cm ³ / g, preferably at least 350 cm ³ / g, more preferably at least 400 cm ³ / g. In general, an activated carbon having an adsorption _volume V _ads of 250 to 1000 cm ³ / g, in particular 300 to 900 cm ³ / g, preferably 350 to 750 cm ³ / g used.

According to the invention, an activated carbon having a total pore volume according to Gurvich of at least 0.50 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 0.55 cm ³ / g, preferably at least 0.60 cm ³ / g, particularly preferably at least 0.65 cm ³ / g , most preferably at least 0.70 cm ³ / g. In general, an activated carbon having a total pore volume according to Gurvich of 0.50 to 0.90 cm ³ / g, in particular 0.55 to 0.85 cm ³ / g, preferably 0.60 to 0.80 cm ³ / g, particularly preferably 0.65 to 0.80 cm ³ / g, very particularly preferably 0.70 to 0.75 cm ³ / g used. For further details regarding the determination of the total pore volume according to Gurvich can be referred to for example L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Soot. 47, 805 , as well as on Lowell, S., et al., Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pp. 111 et seq ,

The Applicant has found that the activated carbon in particular an activated carbon with a large micropore volume fraction, based on the total pore volume of the activated carbon, is suitable. In the yard In the context of the present invention, the term microporous volume means, in particular, that pore volume of the activated carbon which is provided by pores having a diameter of ≦ 25 Å (2.5 nm), in particular ≦ 20 Å (2.0 nm).

The Applicant has surprisingly found that that the reduction of pollutants and / or odorant concentrations is particularly efficient when the micro pore volume fraction of the used Activated carbon is particularly high. Without focusing on a specific theory to want to set, the most good Efficiency with an activated carbon with a particularly large micro pore volume fraction due to the fact that the micropores because of their small size so to speak of all sides or walls with those to be sorbed or adsorbed Molecules can interact. Especially is an activated carbon with a proportion of the micropore volume, based on the total pore volume of the activated carbon, of at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, preferably at least 70% used.

Especially is in accordance with the invention preferably a Activated carbon with one of pores with pore diameters of ≤ 25 Å, preferably ≤ 20 Å, microporous volume fraction formed of at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, based on the total pore volume used.

An activated carbon preferably used according to the invention has a micropore volume, ie a micropore volume formed from pores with pore diameters of ≦ 25 Å, preferably ≦ 20 Å, after carbon black of at least 0.40 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 0.45 cm ³ / g , preferably at least 0.50 cm ³ / g, on. In general, this micro pore volume after carbon black is in the range of 0.40 to 0.80 cm ³ / g, in particular 0.45 to 0.75 cm ³ / g, preferably 0.50 to 0.60 cm ³ / g.

For further details of the determination of the pore surface after carbon black can be referenced, for example RW MAGEE, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994 , z. B. lectures in: Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1 AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, P / N 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pp. 71 et seq ,

by virtue of the high microporosity of the invention is preferred used activated carbon has this one equally high specific micropore surface fraction. Of the specific micropore surface area, d. H. the surface fraction, on pores with pore diameters of ≤ 25 Å, preferably ≤ 20 Å, goes back at least 70%, in particular at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, most preferably at least 85%, based on the specific Total surface area (BET) of the activated carbon. In particular, lies this micropore surface area is in the range of 70 to 95%, in particular 75 to 95%, preferably 80 to 90%.

The activated carbon preferably used according to the invention likewise has a large micropore surface due to its microporosity. In particular, the microporous surface after carbon black (ie the micropore surface formed from pores with pore diameters of ≦ 25 Å, preferably ≦ 20 Å) is at least 400 m ² / g, in particular at least 800 m ² / g, preferably at least 1000 m ² / g , more preferably at least 1,200 m ² / g. According to a preferred embodiment, this micropore surface is in the range from 400 to 1750 m ² / g, in particular 800 to 1500 m ² / g, preferably 1000 to 1400 m ² / g, particularly preferably 1100 to 1300 m ² / g.

According to the invention preferred is activated carbon as a microporous activated carbon with a mean pore diameter (average pore diameter) of at most 35 Å, preferably at most 30 Å, especially preferably at most 25 Å, used. Especially this average pore diameter is in the range of 15 to 35 Å, in particular 15 to 30 Å, preferably 15 to 25 Å.

As far as the density of the activated carbon preferably used according to the invention is concerned, the apparent density of the activated carbon used is generally in the range from 700 to 975 g / cm ³ , in particular from 750 to 950 g / cm ³ , preferably from 800 to 900 g / cm ³ . By contrast, the bulk density of the activated carbon used is in the range from 300 to 900 g / cm ³ , in particular 350 to 800 g / cm ³ , preferably 400 to 750 g / cm ³ .

For A particularly good efficiency, it is advantageous if the used Activated carbon has a total porosity of 40 to 70%, in particular 45 to 65%, preferably 50 to 60%.

According to the invention, the activated carbon used is preferably an activated carbon having a specific total pore volume in the range from 0.1 to 2.5 cm ³ / g, in particular from 0.2 to 2.0 cm ³ / g, preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 cm ³ / g, especially before given 0.4 to 1.0 cm ³ / g used. The proportion of pores with pore diameters of ≦ 36 Å is at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and may reach values of up to 95%, in particular up to 90%.

A According to the invention, particularly suitable activated carbon, which fulfills the abovementioned properties and specifications, is used, for example, by Blücher GmbH, Erkrath, Germany, or sold by AdsorTech GmbH, Premnitz, Germany.

to The slope of the adsorption performance can be used according to the invention Activated carbon are provided with an impregnation. This is known to the skilled person as such.

• (i) Metallen, vorzugsweise Kupfer, Silber, Cadmium, Platin, Palladium, Rhodium, Zink, Quecksilber, Titan, Zirkonium, Molybdän und/oder Aluminium, insbesondere deren Ionen und/oder Salzen;
• (ii) Enzymen;
• (iii) basischen Verbindungen, insbesondere organischen Basen, wie organischen Aminen;
• (iv) sauren Verbindungen, insbesondere salz- und schwefelsauren Verbindungen oder freien organischen oder anorganischen Säuren;

sowie Mischungen der vorgenannten Imprägnierungen.Such an impregnation may be selected, for example, from the group of

• (i) metals, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum and / or aluminum, in particular their ions and / or salts;
• (ii) enzymes;
• (iii) basic compounds, especially organic bases, such as organic amines;
• (iv) acidic compounds, in particular hydrochloric and sulfuric compounds or free organic or inorganic acids;

and mixtures of the aforementioned impregnations.

For the case that one provided with an impregnation Activated carbon is used, the impregnation in general in an amount, based on the activated carbon, of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 15% by weight, most preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, applied to the activated carbon.

The allow the aforementioned impregnation partly the catalytic decomposition of certain odor and / or Pollutants or their accelerated degradation or their accelerated Adsorption.

Further advantageous properties, aspects and features of the present invention Invention will become apparent from the following description of in the Figures illustrated embodiments. It shows:

1 a schematic plan view of a plate-shaped structure according to the invention according to an embodiment of the present invention, after which the carrier is plate-shaped;

2 a schematic plan view of a plate-like structure according to the invention according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, after which the carrier is formed lattice-shaped;

3 a schematic cross section through a plate-shaped structure according to the invention according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As is clear from the 1 to 3 to the present invention, the plate-shaped structure 1 a grid-shaped ( 2 ) or plate-shaped ( 1 ) Carrier 2 on, the carrier 2 a variety of openings 3 having, wherein in the openings 3 an odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material 4 is included or provided.

As previously described, shows 1 an embodiment according to which the carrier 2 plate-shaped, in particular in the manner of a perforated plate is formed, whereas 2 represents an alternative embodiment, according to which the carrier is formed in a grid shape (eg in the form of a plastic or metal grid).

As can be seen from the sectional view according to 3 results, the breakthroughs can 3 preferably on both sides with a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable cover material 5 . 6 be covered, according to the embodiment, as shown in 3 is shown, the covering materials 5 . 6 each over the entire flat side of the carrier 2 extend or respectively the entire flat side of the carrier 2 cover. As previously described in the general part of the present specification, the cover material may be 5 . 6 each act to a preferably textile sheet material.

For more details on the in 1 to 3 In the illustrated embodiments, reference may be made to the above general embodiments of the present invention to avoid unnecessary repetition.

With the plate-like structure according to the invention a number of advantages are associated, which can be reproduced below only in a rudimentary form:
The plate-like structure according to the present invention allows a variety of universal applicability in terms of elimination of emissions of pollutants and / or odors, in particular by means of adsorption. As described below, the plate-shaped structure according to the present invention can be used almost arbitrarily for universal applications, such. B. to eliminate emissions of pollutants and / or odors in enclosed spaces, buildings, vehicles, etc.

As described above, the plate-like structure according to the invention provides a high adsorption capacity with respect to emissions of pollutants and odors. It can after Exhaustion of the adsorption capacity readily carried out a regeneration by either the entire plate-like structure is subjected to a thermal desorption treatment or advantageously in the case of using a loose bed of adsorbent only the adsorbent is subjected to a regeneration process. In this way, the plate-like structure according to the present invention can be easily recycled after its use. However, the adsorption capacity provided by the plate-shaped structure according to the invention is generally so great that an exhaustion of the adsorption capacity is only to be expected after a very long period of use, if at all.

As previously described, the invention allows plate-shaped construction universal applications.

So the plate-shaped invention is suitable Construction in particular for the elimination of emissions of pollutants and / or Odor substances, in particular by means of adsorption, in particular in closed rooms, buildings, vehicles etc.

Especially The plate-shaped structure according to the present invention is suitable Invention for example for the removal of pollutants and / or odors in damaged and / or odor-contaminated rooms.

Farther The plate-shaped structure according to the present invention is suitable Invention for room air improvement and / or for improving the Indoor climate.

The Elimination of emissions of pollutants and / or odors may for the mere removal of pollutants and / or odorous substances in damaged and / or odorous substances, for purposes the renovation of damaged and / or odorous substances rooms or for the purpose of improving indoor air quality or improving the Room climate done. But here also a building protection can take place in particular for preventing the contamination of a building with discharged into the indoor air pollutants and / or toxins (eg. In chemical cleaning plants, chemical plants, laboratories Etc.).

Of the plate-shaped structure according to the present invention allows universal applications, eg. B. as Geruchsadsorberelement in WC rooms, as odor adsorbing element for Extractor hoods (eg as expansion flap for extractor hoods, for use in commercial kitchens, etc.), as an element in air conditioning systems (eg as outlet flap for climate chambers), as an element in furniture (eg interior lining of wardrobes, Shoe cupboards or closet doors), for use in refrigerators, in or as trash can lids, as ashtray or drainage insert, in the form of a partition, as heating attachment or sight protection, as protective lamella (eg against Sun, light, etc.) or as a technical and decorative element z. B. for lights and their accessories.

With The present invention can be efficiently plate-shaped Provide structures with adsorptive properties. To this end For example, you can use perforated plates or grilles preferably spherical adsorbents (eg based on activated charcoal) filled and preferably on both sides by means of a mesh fabric permeable to air permeable, so that one Get plate goods with adsorptive properties, which optionally mechanically and / or thermally processed.

Further Embodiments, modifications and variations of the present invention are readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the description recognizable and realizable, without him doing the frame of the present invention leaves.

The The present invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments however, which by no means limit the present invention.

EXAMPLES

Embodiment 1

A plate-shaped structure according to the present invention was produced. For this purpose, a metal grid of aluminum (height: about 3 cm) with spherical adsorbents (activated carbon beads with average diameters of 0.8 mm) filled (about 1 g per aperture) and laminated on both sides by means of an air-permeable screen fabric. The result was a plate-like structure with adsorptive properties with an aluminum grid as a support and filled with activated carbon beads in bulk with openings (used microporous activated carbon from AdsorTech GmbH, Premnitz, based, BET surface area: about 1,225 m ² / g, adsorption _volume V _ads 700 cm ³ / g, micropore volume fraction ≥ 65%, total pore volume according to Gurvich ≥ 0.70 cm ³ / g, specific micropore surface area ≥ 85%, microporous surface after carbon black: about 1,250 m ² / g, mean pore diameter: <25 Total porosity: about 55%, bursting pressure per activated carbon ball: about 10 Newtons).

It resulted in a plate product according to the invention with adsorptive properties.

Embodiment 2:

The above-described plate-like structure according to the present invention was designed in a room with normal climatic conditions, with approximately 1.2 m ² area of the plate-shaped structure according to the invention coming to 1 m ³ volume.

Commercially available gypsum plasterboards (Knauf Gips KG) with about 10% by weight of natural zeolites (native, not dewatered) with a grain size of not more than 200 μm and a d ₅₀ value of about 40 μm (also approx. 1.2 m ² plasterboard area to 1 m ³ volume).

In the respective rooms was characterized by continuous feeding a defined pollutant mixture the respective pollutant concentration with the pollutants formaldehyde and benzene and with a pollutant mixture set from cigarette smoke. The air exchange rate of each Mixture was 0.5 changes / hour, so that the pollutant mixture completely replaced within two hours. In the effluent pollutant mixture the remaining pollutant value was measured as gas concentration.

By the contact with the plate-shaped materials were the pollutants partially degraded or removed, and it presented in the system a pollutant concentration from the initial value (inflow mixture) to the equilibrium value (effluent mixture).

While in the comparison building blocks with the zeolites, the formaldehyde content could only be reduced from about 600 μg / m ³ to about 100 μg / m ³ and the benzene content only from about 45 μg / m ³ to about 10 μg / m ³ , he could be significantly reduced in the plate-like structure according to the invention, in the case of formaldehyde from about 600 micrograms / m ³ to about 25 micrograms / m ³ and in the case of benzene from about 45 micrograms / m ³ to about 2 μg / m ³ .

at the influx of cigarette smoke was in both cases a substantial reduction of the odor nuisance by the contact of the smoke with the plate-shaped materials detected by olfactometry, wherein in the case of the invention plate-like structure of this effect stronger than in the case of the comparative building panels.

The previously described results prove that the distance of pollutants and / or odors by the inventive Plate product with the intended microporous activated carbon compared to commercially available building boards with zeolites can be significantly increased. This proves the superiority the plate-shaped invention Construction over construction panels of the prior art.

Embodiment 3

Embodiments 1 and 2 were repeated, but in contrast to the microporous activated carbon used in the embodiments 1 and 2, an activated carbon with a lower micropores content and consequently higher Meso and macropores used for the plate according to the invention (used meso / macroporous activated carbon equally distributed from the AdsorTech GmbH, Premnitz, average diameter of the activated carbon spheres: 0.8 mm, BET surface area: about 1,200 m ² / g, adsorption _volume V _ads : about 680 cm ³ / g, micropore _{volume fraction} <40%, specific microporous surface _fraction <30%; mean pore diameter:> 40 Å, total porosity: about 45%).

The formaldehyde content was reduced from approx. 600 μg / m ³ to approx. 45 μg / m ³ and the benzene content from approx. 45 μg / m ³ to approx. 4 μg / m ³ . The plate-like structure according to the invention with the meso / macroporous activated carbon is thus significantly more efficient compared to the zeolite-containing structural panels of the prior art, but less efficient than in the case of using microporous activated carbon (and with otherwise substantially the same parameters except microporosity). By selecting an activated carbon of high microporosity, surprisingly, the efficiency can be significantly increased.

Also with respect to the meso / macroporous activated carbon was but with the influx of cigarette smoke an essential Reduction of odor nuisance through olfactometry demonstrated.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 4028434 A1 [0010]
• - DE 3818993 A1 [0011]
• - DE 4432834 A1 [0012]
• - DE 4447844 C2 [0012]
• - DE 19607423 A1 [0012]
• - DE 20008162 U1 [0012]
• WO 2005/026465 A2 [0013]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Römpp Chemielexikon, 10th edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, keyword: "BET method" [0043]
• - Winnacker-Kuchler, 3rd edition, volume 7, pages 93 ff. [0043]
• - Z. Annal. Chem. 238, pages 187 to 193 (1968) [0043]
• - L. Gurvich (1915), J. Phys. Chem. Soc. Soot. 47, 805 [0045]
• - S. Lowell et al, Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area Pore Size and Density, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Article Technology Series, pages 111 et seq [0045].
• - RW Magee, Evaluation of the External Surface Area of Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption, Presented at the Meeting of the Rubber Division of the American Chem. Soc., October 1994 [0050]
• - Quantachrome Instruments, AUTOSORB-1 AS1 WinVersion 1.50, Operating Manual, P / N 05061, Quantachrome Instruments 2004, Florida, USA, pp. 71 et seq. [0050]

Claims (34)

Plate-shaped construction ( 1 ) with a particular grid or plate-shaped carrier ( 2 ), the carrier ( 2 ) a plurality of openings ( 3 ), characterized in that in the openings ( 3 ) an odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is included or provided. Plate-shaped structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier ( 2 ) is self-supporting and / or that the carrier ( 2 ) is thermally resistant, in particular to at least 100 ° C, preferably to at least 150 ° C, more preferably to at least 200 ° C. Plate-shaped structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrier ( 2 ) consists of or comprises metal, plastic, a building material or a composite material. Plate-shaped structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support ( 2 ) is formed lattice-shaped, in particular wherein the carrier ( 2 ) is a metal grid, preferably a stainless steel or aluminum grid. Plate-shaped structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support ( 2 ) is plate-shaped, in particular wherein the carrier ( 2 ) is formed in the manner of a perforated plate. Plate-shaped construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the support ( 2 ) consists of or comprises metal or a building material, in particular wherein the support ( 2 ) is a building board of gypsum, plasterboard, gypsum fiber composite, cement fiber composite, glass fibers, carbon fibers, wood, wood fibers, plastic or the like, and combinations thereof. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support ( 2 ) is formed flat, in particular wherein the carrier ( 2 ) has a height of 0.1 to 20 cm, in particular 0.5 to 10 cm, preferably 1 to 8 cm. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations ( 3 ) round, oval or square, in particular square, are formed and / or that the openings ( 3 ) grid-shaped, in particular in the form of a regular grid, over the carrier ( 2 ) are distributed. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface extent of the apertures ( 3 ) 10 to 95%, in particular 30 to 90%, preferably 40 to 85%, of the total areal extent of the support ( 2 ) and / or the plate-like structure ( 1 ) is. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations ( 3 ) with the pollutant and / or odor adsorbing material ( 4 ) are filled out. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations ( 3 ) on one or both sides, preferably on both sides, of a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable cover material ( 5 . 6 ) are covered. Plate-shaped construction according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover material ( 5 . 6 ) each have a flat side of the carrier ( 2 ) covered. Plate-shaped structure according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 . 6 ) is in each case a textile sheet material, in particular a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, textile composite, nonwoven or nonwoven, in particular wherein the textile sheet material has a basis weight in the range of 5 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 150 g / m ² . Plate-shaped structure according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 . 6 ) on or on the support ( 2 ) and / or is connected thereto, in particular by means of gluing, welding, stapling, sewing or the like, in particular wherein the attachment and / or connection of the covering material ( 5 . 6 ) on or on the support ( 2 ) is in each case detachably formed. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate-like structure ( 1 ) in the area of the openings ( 3 ) is permeable to gas, in particular air-permeable, is formed and / or that the openings ( 3 ) are formed with a gas, in particular air, permeable, in particular wherein the gas permeability, in particular air permeability, in the region of the openings ( 3 ) at least 10 l · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , in particular at least 30 l · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , preferably at least 50 l · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , particularly preferably at least 100 l · m ^-2 · s ^-1 , most preferably at least 400 l · m ^-2 · s ^-1 or more, with a flow resistance of 127 Pa. Plate-shaped structure according to one of prospective claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) Activated carbon is. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is particulate, in particular granular, preferably spherical, is formed. Plate-shaped structure according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) loose and / or in bulk in the openings ( 3 ) is taken or this fills. Plate-shaped structure according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) on a gas-permeable, in particular air-permeable, three-dimensional support structure, preferably an open-cell foam, fixed in the perforations ( 3 ) is taken or this fills. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading quantity of odor and / or pollutant-adsorbing material ( 4 ) is designed such that by the odor and / or Schadadsadsorbierende material ( 4 ) provided sufficient adsorption capacity to in the use of the plate-like structure ( 1 ) permanently adsorptively bind and / or remove emissions originating from the environment from pollutants and / or odors, in particular wherein the odor and / or pollutant-adsorbing material ( 4 ) in a loading amount of 0.01 to 10 g, in particular 0.1 to 8 g, preferably 0.5 to 5 g, per aperture ( 3 ) and / or in particular wherein the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) in the area of the openings ( 3 ) in total in a total loading amount of 20 to 750 g / m ² , in particular 25 to 500 g / m ² , preferably 30 to 400 g / m ² , particularly preferably 50 to 300 g / m ² , is present. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is formed as a granular, preferably spherical, activated carbon particles, in particular wherein the activated carbon grains, preferably activated carbon spheres, average particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.05 to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 to 1, 0 mm. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ), in particular the activated carbon, a specific surface area (BET) of at least 500 m ² / g, in particular at least 750 m ² / g, preferably at least 1000 m ² / g, more preferably at least 200 m ² / g, and / or that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ), in particular the activated carbon, has a specific surface area (BET) of 500 to 2,500 m ² / g, in particular 750 to 2,250 m ² / g, preferably 900 to 2,000 m ² / g, particularly preferably 1,000 to 1,750 m ² / g , Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) An activated carbon having an adsorption _volume V _ads of at least 250 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 300 cm ³ / g, preferably at least 350 cm ³ / g, more preferably at least 400 cm ³ / g, and / or that the odor and / or pollutant-adsorbing material ( 4 ) is an activated carbon having an adsorption _volume V _ads of 250 to 1000 cm ³ / g, in particular 300 to 900 cm ³ / g, preferably 350 to 750 cm ³ / g. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a total pore volume according to Gurvich of at least 0.50 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 0.55 cm ³ / g, preferably at least 0.60 cm ³ / g, particularly preferably at least 0.65 cm ³ / g, completely particularly preferably at least 0.70 cm ³ / g, and / or that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a total pore volume according to Gurvich of 0.50 to 0.90 cm ³ / g, in particular 0.55 to 0.85 cm ³ / g, preferably 0.60 to 0.80 cm ³ / g, particularly preferably 0 , 65 to 0.80 cm ³ / g, most preferably 0.70 to 0.75 cm ³ / g. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is an activated carbon having a large micropore volume fraction, based on the total pore volume of the activated carbon, and / or that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is an activated carbon with a proportion of the micropore volume, based on the total pore volume of the activated carbon, of at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, preferably at least 70%. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having one of pores with pore diameters of ≦ 25 Å, preferably ≦ 20 Å, microporous volume fraction formed of at least 60%, in particular at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, based on the total pore volume, is. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a micropore volume, in particular a micropore volume formed from pores having pore diameters of ≦ 25 Å, preferably ≦ 20 Å, after carbon black of at least 0.40 cm ³ / g, in particular at least 0.45 cm ³ / g, preferably at least 0.50 cm ³ / g. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a specific micropore surface area, in particular one of pores having pore diameters of ≤ 25 Å, preferably ≤ 20 Å, formed specific micropore surface area, of at least 70%, in particular at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, especially at least 85% to the specific total surface area (BET) of the activated carbon. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a microporous surface after carbon black, in particular a pore with pore diameters of ≤ 25 Å, preferably ≤ 20 Å, formed micro pore surface of at least 400 m ² / g, in particular at least 800 m ² / g, preferably at least 1,000 m ² / g, more preferably at least 1200 m ² / g. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) is an activated carbon having an average pore diameter (average pore diameter) of at most 35 Å, preferably at most 30 Å, particularly preferably at most 25 Å. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a bulk density in the range of 700 to 975 g / cm ³ , in particular 750 to 950 g / cm ³ , preferably 800 to 900 g / cm ³ , and / or having a bulk density in the range of 300 to 900 g / cm ³ , in particular 350 to 800 g / cm ³ , preferably 400 to 750 g / cm ³ , and / or with a total porosity of 40 to 70%, in particular 45 to 65%, preferably 50 to 60%. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon having a specific total pore volume in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 cm ³ / g, in particular 0.2 to 2.0 cm ³ / g, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 cm ³ / g, particularly preferably 0.4 to 1.0 cm ³ / g, in particular wherein the proportion of pores having pore diameters of ≦ 36 Å is at least 65%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and up to 95%, in particular up to 90 %, is. Plate-shaped structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the odor and / or pollutant adsorbing material ( 4 ) an activated carbon which has an impregnation, in particular wherein the impregnation is selected from the group of (i) metals, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, zinc, mercury, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum and / or Aluminum, in particular its ions and / or salts; (ii) enzymes; (iii) basic compounds, especially organic bases, such as organic amines; (iv) acidic compounds, in particular hydrochloric and sulfuric compounds or free organic or inorganic acids; and their mixtures and / or combination, and / or in particular wherein the impregnation, based on the activated carbon, in an amount of 0.01 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 15 wt .-%, most preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, is applied to the activated carbon.