DE202005020161U1 - module monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

contraption for monitoring of photovoltaic panels for the case of theft or damage characterized that a window comparator with programmed reference voltage the at dusk or night given residual voltage of the photovoltaic panels in the three categories outside, inside and below subdivides and each panel a panel-typical coded signal to one in the Inverter located central alarm device with decoder sent, which in the case of the signal below a panel related Alarm triggers.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for monitoring photovoltaic modules for the Case of theft or damage by the evaluation of residual voltage signals.

The state of the art is given by the utility model G 94 11 783.7 in which a current source with a predetermined rated current is applied to the power current line by a suitable device when the voltage falls below a defined voltage. This approach has the disadvantage of the consumption of electrical power for small, especially large photovoltaic systems.

It was to find a device without a predetermined Nennstrombegeaufung a signal through a DC monitoring in case of damage or Theft supplies.

Size Photovoltaic systems are common constructed such that a certain number of solar panels in order Reaching the for the inverter necessary voltage in series and these power power lines via equipment connection boxes (GAK) lead to the inverter. These device connection boxes with a control cable to the inverter are suitable for receiving the quiescent current monitoring according to the invention.

If the system due to low energy from the grid and is disconnected from the inverter, there is still sufficient voltage the for a surveillance can be used. In a moonless night, the luminance is 0,0003 lux while by moonlight, 0.2 lux can be converted into energy. Come in addition the remaining sky lighting due to "light pollution".

These Residual brightness generates a low electrical voltage in the Range from a few hundred millivolts to a few volts / GAK can. Because the wires from the solar panels to the inverter galvanically isolated, so are high impedance, this voltage can for monitoring used throughout the facility.

• 1. Ist das Solarmodul bei Tag in Betrieb entsteht eine hohe Spannung. In der Überwachungsvorrichtung, hier Fensterkomparator genannt; wird das Signal „Fenster ausserhalb" aktiviert und die Anlage wird eingeschaltet, in dem ein Relais anzieht die Paneele mit den Solarmodulen galvanisch zum Wechselrichter durchschaltet.
• 2. Sinkt die erzeugte Spannung während der Dämmerung und in der Nacht unter einen Wert, der bei der Installation der Anlage festgelegt worden ist ab, wird in dem Fensterkomparator die Schaltschwelle „Fenster innerhalb" erreicht. Der Ausgang des Fensterkomparators „Fenster Ausserhalb wird deaktiviert und das Relais zum Verbinden der Paneele mit dem Wechselrichter fällt ab und öffnet diesen Stromkreis.
• 3. Das Signal „Fenster innerhalb" erreicht den Codierer, in dem eine eindeutige Zuordnung zum jeweiligen GAK festgelegt wird. Das erzeugte Signal wird über eine durch Ruhestrom gesicherte Leitung zum Decodierer und zur zentralen Auswerteeinrichtung weitergeleitet.
• 4. Wird die zentrale Auswerteinheit von den codierten Signalen der Codierer in den GAK's erreicht, so werden die jeweiligen GAK's und damit die jeweiligen Paneels aus Solarmodulen als „in Ordnung" signalisiert.
• 5. Fällt die von den Solarpaneels erzeugte Restspannung auf Null Volt, wird der Ausgang „Fenster unterhalb" aktiviert. Über die Siganlleitung vom Codierer zum Decodierer und weiter zur Auswerteeinheit wird ein Alarm ausgelöst.
• 6. Die Signalübertragungsstrecke wird durch einen Ruhekontakt (Ük) im GAK, der sich im Gehäuse des GAK befindet, gesichert, in dem bei Öffnen des Gehäuses des GAK der Kontakt abfällt und die Ruhestromleitung unterbrochen wird.

According to the invention, a window comparator is used, which evaluates the following criteria and is installed in each GAK:

• 1. If the solar module is in operation during the day, a high voltage is created. In the monitoring device, here called the window comparator; the signal "window outside" is activated and the system is switched on, in which a relay attracts the panels with the solar modules galvanically switched through to the inverter.
• 2. If the voltage generated drops below a value set during installation of the system during twilight and during the night, the window comparator will reach the "window within" threshold, the output of the window comparator "window outside" will be disabled and the relay for connecting the panels to the inverter drops off and opens this circuit.
• 3. The signal "window within" reaches the coder, in which an unambiguous assignment to the respective GAK is determined The signal generated is forwarded via a line secured by closed-circuit current to the decoder and to the central evaluation device.
• 4. If the central processing unit is reached by the coded signals of the coders in the GAKs, the respective GAKs and thus the respective panels of solar modules are signaled as "in order".
• 5. If the residual voltage generated by the solar panel drops to zero volts, the "window below" output is activated and an alarm is triggered via the signal line from the encoder to the decoder and on to the evaluation unit.
• 6. The signal transmission path is secured by a normally closed contact (Ük) in the GAK, which is located in the housing of the GAK, in which the contact drops off when the housing of the GAK is opened and the closed circuit is interrupted.

In order to is for all operating states the plant a continuous monitoring guaranteed, there all GAK's in the System are included and panel accurate by the alarm device an alarm is triggered can be.

A separate monitoring the solar panels during Operation with the inverter is not necessary since here already automatically generates a fault signal at power loss.

The additional Power supply for this safety device, in which at a specified intervals Signal from the encoder in the GAK to the decoder in the central alarm Sent requires a few milliwatts, which is a small battery be removed and passed through the live conductor to the inverter is fed in case of operation or by remote supply through the Control cable can be ensured.

The monitoring device consists:

1

each solar panels

2

the are connected in series to the GAK

3

the monitoring device in the individual GAK

4

of the power supply from the panels to the GAK

5

of the Power transmission to the inverters

6

the Switching relay to the inverters

7

the surge protection for the window

8th

the Window comparator with programmed reference voltage

9

the encoder

10

of the Line to the evaluation unit

11

of the Closed-circuit power line to the evaluation unit

12

the Normally closed contact in the closed circuit in the GAK

13

of the central alarm device in the inverter

14

the decoder

15

of the Closed-circuit protection

16

of the Evaluation and reporting device

17

the inverter

18

the Battery buffer of the monitoring device

The Device is shown in the drawing 1.

Claims (4)

Device for monitoring photovoltaic panels in the event of theft or damage, characterized in that a window comparator with programmed reference voltage divides the given at dusk or night residual voltage of the photovoltaic panels in the three categories outside, inside and below and each panel a panel-typical coded signal to a sent to the inverter central alarm device with decoder, which triggers in the case of the signal below a panel-related alarm. Device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels for the case of theft or damage characterized that is connected to the lines leading to the inverter Window comparator a surge protector in front of the window comparator. Device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels for the case of theft or damage characterized that the window comparator and the coding unit have a Battery backup is powered and the Baterie buffer during the day of leading to the inverter Lines is fed. Device for monitoring of photovoltaic panels for the case of theft or damage characterized that in the device connection box Surge protection device, Window comparator and encoder unit quiescent current are secured and when opening the housing the quiescent current is interrupted.