DE202004007111U1 - Waste sorting machine for the production of combustible material has an arrangement with which material is sorted into high calorific value, low calorific value and unsuitable for combustion waste streams - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine for obtaining substitute fuel from sorted waste comprises two drag-out systems that are used to sort a stream of material to be sorted into at least three partial streams. I.e. a first stream of combustible material with a high calorific value, a second stream of combustible material of low calorific value and a third stream of material unsuitable for combustion.

Description

For recycling is often the separation of different materials required. The task can be both on the production different product groups, the different recycling channels supplied be, or the deposition of interfering materials from mixed Material mixtures. The origin and composition such material mixtures are very different, but above all will plastic-containing material mixtures often separated from waste to get out of it to win valuable sorting fractions. An example of such sorting tasks is also the production of energetically usable fractions made of mixed plastics. The main task here is the material into energetically usable substances and contaminants to separate. In some cases there is also a separation from low calorie ones Substances and inert substances to maintain a consistently high calorific value to achieve in substitute fuel. The separation of contaminants is required to remove substances that interfere with the preparation or harmful in energy recovery are to be kept away. To the fabrics, made from material mixtures for the replacement fuel production must be separated out, count all metal parts and chlorine-containing components, especially PVC parts, Glass and stones. In some cases bromine compounds are also flame retardants, e.g. in housing parts from electronic waste, contain that of energy recovery should be kept away.

For the automatic sorting of plastics are machines that based on material identification by measurement in the near Infrared range (NIR) enable sorting, widespread. there the material is metered to a conveyor belt and after passing through an acceleration section in the rear part of the sponsor identified a sensor system. To sort on wide bands too enable, the identification of the material with an orientation of the Linked object. For that be either scanners, multiplexers or image processing systems are used. The information about the location and material of an object is used, around certain objects according to a predetermined classification, e.g. a type of plastic to discharge from the material flow. This usually happens through targeted compressed air pulses, through which the discharge direction of the material is changed from the sorting belt. For this Ejection of the material are placed next to each other across the bar conveying direction arranged compressed air nozzles used that over Solenoid valves are fed. Due to the arrangement of the compressed air strips above or below the throwing parabola of the material specifically shorten or lengthen the flight curve of the goods to be sorted and thus separate the flow of sorted goods.

For the separation of metal parts have sorting systems about today FE separator, mainly as overband magnets and NE separators based on eddy current for separation non-magnetic metal parts. With this separator the predominant Share of metal parts or parts with metal in the sorted goods withdrawn. Parts made of stainless steel are particularly problematic.

Devices with good local resolution metal detection and high selectivity are today in the field of Sorting of glass used. The is transported on conveyor belts or slides Sorted goods flow with a row next to each other, across the sorted goods flow arranged detectors monitored. The high-frequency detection coils used recognize both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. This method of identification allows high selectivity even at conveyor speeds of 2 m / s. Alternatively, versions based on induction are also available Sensors known. By means of precise pulses from the individual detection channels, similar to that Plastic sorting using NIR spectroscopy, metal-based Parts are discharged in a targeted manner using compressed air pulses.

In order to free interfering components such as unwanted plastics, paper, composite material and metal parts, devices based on NIR technology are now cascaded behind metal separators, usually in the form of overbelt magnets and eddy current separators. The separation of mixtures containing chlorinated plastics from mixtures containing non-chlorinated plastics is already in EP 0 484 221 B1 and DE 691 24 070 T2 mentioned as a sensible application of sorting technology.

Substitute fuels mainly consist of plastic parts, optionally also in combination with paper, wood and composite materials of these substances. Sorting is carried out with the aim of separating inert components and contaminants from those suitable as fuel. This can be done in two ways. Often the active discharge of the objects suitable for the substitute fuels from the sorting material flow. In the case of sorting goods consisting predominantly of materials suitable as fuel, it is generally cheaper to actively discharge contaminants, especially objects containing PVC. These two types of sorting are often referred to as positive or negative sorting. The general rule is that in positive sorting, the desired substances are actively discharged using the ejection system, usually a compressed air nozzle system. In contrast, the negative sorting actively removes the contaminants. The disadvantage of this solution is that the sorting material flow is only separated into two partial flows, a substitute fuel flow and a residual flow. Depending on the origin of the material to be sorted, it has different proportions of components with low and high calorific values. As a result, it is The quality of the alternative fuel produced depends on the goods to be sorted, or the low calorific value is avoided from the outset, which in turn reduces the yield of alternative fuels.

In principle, the objects suitable for fuel be divided into two groups. To the group with a high calorific value belong especially objects made of plastic and / or chemical fiber, whereby before all chlorine-containing components mostly as unsuitable for fuel Objects that are deliberately kept away. To those not suitable for fuel Belong to objects also those that contain heavy metals or bromine. Others too Objects containing metal, e.g. Objects containing steel parts, are often viewed as unsuitable objects because they already pose dangers in the processing of alternative fuels and wear. The Form a group of objects suitable for fuel with a low calorific value especially the cellulose-containing components, objects made of paper, Wood and natural fibers and composites with a low percentage of plastic. Depending on the origin of the sorted goods from which the substitute fuels are made The share of the group with a high calorific value should be won very different from the group with low calorific value. For example included Sorting residues from packaging waste, very high proportions of plastics, whereas sorting goods from bulky waste has high wood content. It is correspondingly different Calorific value with undifferentiated sorting of alternative fuels.

The requirement for sorting is a suitable grain size of the goods to be sorted, which is usually achieved by rough crushing or screening becomes. The classification is often used to do so, less for the production of substitute fuel separate suitable fines. From the sorting point of view is also a separate treatment for heavy and light components advantageous. By almost Above all, the homogeneous flight characteristics of the objects screening efficiency increase.

From the perspective of stable process management at Recycling of alternative fuels is a constant calorific value of alternative fuels advantageous. Because of this, substitute fuels are often made produced by mixing aliquots of known quality, to produce substitute fuels of constant quality. The disadvantage of this solutions is that even when producing alternative fuels Various sources fluctuations in the calorific value occur if the usual single-stage sorting processes can be used. Defined for manufacturing fuel qualities are then sampling and for the intermediate storage of the subsets required large storage capacities are. In principle, too multi-stage sorting processes with cascaded arrangement of several Sorting machines are used, but this is due to the high cost is not practical.

The mentioned in protection claim 1 Invention is based on the problem of a machine for sorting of substitute fuels, which create a production of high quality Alternative fuels, with a constant calorific value.

The problem is solved by the sorted goods are dosed into a conveyor system supplied which detects the flow of the sorted goods through a near infrared sensor system moves, at the same time the material identification of the sorted goods Position information are assigned, which are used to the Sort material flow by means of two ejection systems in three partial flows separate that a partial flow of fuel-compatible objects with high Calorific value, a partial flow of fuel-compatible objects with a low calorific value and a partial flow with unsuitable residual materials is created.

Due to the separate sorting in the groups of substitute fuels with a high calorific value and substitute fuels with a low calorific value, two defined qualities can be produced, which in turn are suitable, through defined mixtures of substitute fuels consistent quality to create.

An advantageous embodiment of the Invention is specified in the protection claim 2.

The additional equipment of the sensors with a metal identification module, even metallic components to identify and target these in the partial flow of residual materials to lead.

An advantageous embodiment of the Invention according to claim for protection 1 is specified in protection claim 3.

A flexible use of the sorting machine is achieved by the substances and the assignment of the desired Substances to the discharge stations can be freely selected. The assignment is made either over a control panel on the sorting machine or via an interface from the central system control. Thus, the ingredients of the generated alternative fuels targeted to the requirements of recycling be adjusted, e.g. by keeping out certain, in special Applications disrupting the recovery Objects. An example for is the sort function for Plastics containing bromine, whose detection reliability is restricted. Provided that the bromine contains no or only a few expected bromine Plastics are expected, these identifications will Substitute fuels assigned high calorific value, so as to increase the yield For this To improve partial flow. Provided that bromine entries are expected from the sorted goods and must be kept away from the fuels these identifications are assigned to the residues.

In addition, there is the possibility of freely assigning the ejection systems to the partial streams to be generated and thus optimizing the sorting process, depending on the composition of the goods to be sorted. For example, a Sorted goods, consisting of small proportions of identifiable contaminants, dominating wood and paper parts and plastic parts, are preferably sorted so that one discharge system is used for the residues, the second discharge system for the plastics, i.e. the high-calorific fuels, and the flow is therefore made up of wood and Paper shares, as the low-calorific fuels.

Another example is sorted goods from household waste with biological components, glass and other, largely unidentifiable, Impurities. Here is a discharge system for the high-calorific substitute fuels and the other discharge system for the low-calorific substitute fuels are used and thus the throughput that contains residues.

Another example are mixed plastics, such as they are provided from collections of the dual system. This consist mainly of high plastic parts. Here is preferred a discharge system for the residues, in this case primarily chlorine-containing Objects and the second discharge system for the low calorific value contained in the small proportion Fuels used. The plastics are the pass through here as high-calorific fuels.

The three emerging sub-streams are recorded separately. For the assignment of the three outputs of the Machine from the two discharge units and the run, accordingly the chosen one Sorting fraction to the appropriate facilities for further transport and caching can various technical solutions known per se, such as adjustable flaps, slidable and reversible tapes are used or the Delivery takes place in bunkers when changing the assignment of the sorting functions be emptied.

Another advantageous embodiment the invention according to protection claim 1 and 2 is specified in protection claim 4.

Because aluminum-coated beverage cartons often not the metal contaminants can be assigned Metal detections, which overlap NIR detection beverage carton, the substance group of substitute fuels with a low calorific value instead of those containing metal impurities be assigned. This procedure can also be applied analogously other composites, e.g. metal coated foil bags like for the Packaging of coffee often used.

Another advantageous embodiment the invention according to protection claim 1 is described in claim 5.

The ability to expand and change Material identification of the near infrared sensor system enables new or newly known becoming, for the production of substitute fuels not suitable objects keep away and / or the substance groups of the fuel-compatible Expand objects.

Another advantageous embodiment the invention according to protection claim 1 is described in protection claim 6.

Identification of chlorine containing or others that disrupt recovery Fabrics through the near infrared sensor system enables the production of high quality Substitute fuels.

An embodiment of the invention is based on the 1 explained.

From a product to be sorted, one by pre-shredding processed waste mixture, consisting mainly of plastic and wood components with inert components made of glass, ceramics and stones and light metal components are said to be substitute fuels with high calorific value, consisting of plastic parts with none or only low chlorine cost, and substitute fuels with low calorific value, consisting of wooden parts, paper and composites such as beverage cartons, won and from non-fuel-suitable, metal parts and chlorine-containing components containing objects.

The goods to be sorted are fed onto the acceleration belt 1 , which the sorted goods first by a sensor system consisting of metal identification system 2 and material identification 3 using near infrared spectroscopy. The material identification 3 is operated via a multiplexer, the channels of which are transverse to the running direction of the acceleration band 1 are arranged. The detection software for material identification 3 is set up so that plastics and man-made fibers are recognized as "EBS1", with a distinction to chlorine-containing compounds as "PVC". Beverage carton is identified as "GK", wood, paper, cardboard, cardboard and natural fiber are recognized as "EBS2". The detection channels of the metal identification system 2 are those of material identification 3 directly assigned. Unless the metal identification system 2 If a metal part is identified, the "metal" feature is stored in an associated memory location in the system control. Identifies the material identification 3 in the same place "GK", this signal "metal" is overwritten with the feature "GK", the feature "metal" is retained for all other identifications. Such identifications take place across the entire width of the band.

Due to the composition of the goods to be sorted with unidentifiable contaminants, the upper discharge system 4 for the alternative fuels of low calorific value and the lower discharge system 5 used for the substitute fuels of high calorific value. The run thus consists of the residues containing the contaminants.

The discharge systems 4 . 5 in turn have compressed air nozzles fed by solenoid valves which are assigned to the identification channels. Depending on the speed of movement of the objects and the characteristics determined by the sensor system, the compressed air nozzles of the discharge systems 4 . 5 controlled so that the objects to which the feature "EBS2" or "GK" is assigned by the upper ejection system 4 in the container for the substitute fuels with a low calorific value 6 are ejected and the objects to which features "EBS1" is assigned by the lower ejection system 5 in the container for the substitute fuels with a high calorific value 7 be ejected. All other objects, including those to which the characteristic "PVC" or "metal" is assigned, go to the waste container for the residues 8th ,

Claims (6)

Machine for obtaining substitute fuels of defined quality, the sorting material flow containing objects which are suitable for producing substitute fuels, such as plastic objects, wood and paper, in grain sizes suitable for sorting, which are metered into a conveying system and are conveyed through the conveying system by a local Infrared sensor system are transported, whereby the objects or parts of the objects are assigned position information in addition to the material information, which are used to selectively discharge objects from the sorted material flow according to pre-selected criteria by means of ejection systems such as strips with controlled compressed air nozzles, characterized in that the machine has two discharge systems, which are used to separate the sorted material into three partial flows, a partial flow with fuel-compatible objects with a high calorific value, a partial flow with fuel-compatible objects with a low calorific value and one part to separate trom residues with objects not suitable for fuel. Characterized by protection claim 1, that in addition uses a metal sensor with an RF multi-channel detection coil is, which is arranged transversely to the Sortiergutstrom and the channels the same Channels of the near infrared sensor arranged transversely to the sorting material flow be assigned. Machine according to protection claim 1 characterized in that that the assignment of substances and / or substance groups to the discharge units freely selectable is. Machine marked according to protection claims 1 and 2 in that in the case of identification of beverage cartons thanks to the near infrared sensor system the identification of the metal identification system is suppressed. Machine according to protection claim 1 characterized in that that the near infrared sensor system with a flexibly changeable and / or expandable substance identification. Machine according to protection claim 1 characterized in that that chlorine and / or other contaminants containing objects can be directed to the residual fraction.