DE20120222U1 - Endoprosthesis, useful as stent in artery, vein, bile duct, airway or gastrointestinal tract, consists of metal with specified magnetic susceptibility and structure avoiding electric circuit perpendicular to axis - Google Patents

Abstract

Endoprosthesis consists of a metallic material (I) with a magnetic susceptibility in the -300 x 10->6> to 300 x 10->6> range. It has an axis and circumference and is designed in such a way that the individual stays or wires along the axis are oriented so that no continuous electric circuit forms in a plane perpendicular to the axis over the circumference of the prosthesis.

Description

Description of the invention:

These are endoprostheses that can be made from various metallic magnetic resonance-compatible materials. These materials consist of metallic alloys that are characterized by the fact that no significant susceptibility artifacts are generated in MR images due to a magnetizability similar to that of human tissue. These alloys are usually not necessarily metal mixtures containing copper and gold. However, the pure substances, and in particular but not exclusively copper, are also suitable as materials for manufacturing endoprostheses.

To reduce conductivity and thus minimize eddy current or radio frequency artifacts, the endoprosthesis is lasered from a tube or flat sheet, with the endoprosthesis design being chosen so that circular current flows are avoided as far as possible. In particular, the formation of small closed circular structures perpendicular to the endoprosthesis's longitudinal axis must be avoided. To do this, the individual endoprosthesis struts are not brought together in a circle perpendicular to the endoprosthesis's longitudinal axis, but are offset or arranged directly opposite each other. The endoprosthesis struts can be arranged parallel to each other or at any angle. To connect these individual endoprosthesis struts to each other, a backbone along the endoprosthesis's longitudinal axis is necessary. This can be straight, curved or run at angular angles. The endoprostheses can have either one or more such backbones. If several backbones are used, they should preferably be arranged with only one crossing point or with crossing points as far apart as possible. Circles running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the endoprostheses should also be avoided as far as possible when connecting the spines. Accordingly, for example, in the case of two sinusoidal spines, the connection of these two spines should only be made at even or odd multiples of 90°. Depending on the desired radial force and the area covered by the endoprosthesis, the individual spines can be provided with the various forms of endoprosthesis struts described above. However, the endoprostheses can also be formed from just one or several spines.

In addition, medications or coatings can be applied to the endoprostheses to improve biocompatibility.

The gold-copper alloy consists of (in mass percent):

Au 20.0 - 80.0%

Cu20.0 - 80.0%

Pt0 - 7.5%

Pd 0 - 10.0%

Ir-0 - 5%

Ag 0 -20%

Zn-0 - 5%

Sn 0 - 5%

RuO - 5%

other metals in total less than 15% However, the principle of action is also functional when using pure substances, as tests with Cu and Au have shown.

Furthermore, all metals and metal alloys that have a susceptibility similar to human tissue are suitable as materials for the construction of the presented endoprosthesis.

LITERATURE

1. Shellock FG, Shellock VJ. Metallic stents: evaluation of MR imaging safety. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 173:543-7.

2. Hug J, Nagel E, Bornstedt A, Schnackenburg B, Oswald H, Fleck E. Coronary arterial stents: safety and artifacts during MR imaging. Radiology 2000; 216:781-7.

3. Schenck JF. The role of magnetic susceptibility in magnetic resonance imaging: MRI magnetic compatibility of the first and second kinds. Med Phys 1996; 23:815-850.

4. Meyer JM, Buecker A, Schuermann K, Ruebben A, Guenther RW. MR evaluation of stent patency: In vitro tests of 22 metallic stents and the possibility of determining their patency by MR angiography. Invest Radiol 2000; 35:739-746.

5. Klemm T, Duda S, Machann J, et al. MR imaging in the presence of vascular stents: A systematic assessment of artifacts for various stent orientations, sequence types, and field strengths [In Process Citation]. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12:606-15.

6. Lüdecke KM, Röschmann P, Tischler R. Susceptibility artifacts in NMR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 1985; 3:329-343.

7. Camacho CR, Plewes DB, Henkelman RM. Nonsusceptibility artifacts due to metallic objects in MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 5:75-88.

8. Quick HH, Ladd ME, Nanz D, Mikolajczyk KP, Debatin JF. Vascular stents as RF antennas for intravascular MR guidance and imaging. Magn Reson Med 1999; 42:738-45.

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How it works:

Magnetic fields of 0.064 to 3 Tesla and sometimes even higher are used to generate images in magnetic resonance imaging. If materials with different magnetizability (susceptibility) are in close proximity, so-called susceptibility artifacts occur ⁶ . These lead to signal cancellations and distortions in the MR image, which make an assessment in this area of the MR image impossible. To avoid such susceptibility artifacts in endoprostheses, they must be made from materials that have a magnetizability (susceptibility) similar to that of human tissue. Due to the material properties, vascular endoprostheses made from the implant materials described here can be used in magnetic resonance imaging without generating disturbing susceptibility artifacts. In addition to susceptibility artifacts, artifacts also occur due to the formation of eddy currents or radio frequency effects such as the shielding of the interior of an endoprosthesis ⁵ ' ⁷ . The combination of metal alloys without a significant difference in susceptibility to human tissue with a special design of an endoprosthesis completely prevents the occurrence of artifacts in the MR image. To avoid the artifact-generating flow of eddy currents or radio frequency shielding, the possibility of a narrow circular current flow perpendicular to the long axis of the endoprosthesis must be prevented. In addition to braided or woven wires, flat sheets or tubes can also be lasered. In the case of lasering the endoprostheses, various endoprosthesis designs come into consideration. In principle, the individual endoprosthesis struts must originate from one or more spines, without, however, being able to form a continuous conductive circle perpendicular to the long axis of the endoprosthesis. These endoprosthesis struts can have any shape, which includes individual rod-like or curved struts and also semicircularly arranged double struts with and without vibrations of any kind. As a result, the endoprosthesis does not produce any significant artifacts in the MR image, which also allows the assessment of the interior of the prosthesis using magnetic resonance imaging.

In particular, implants with these properties are suitable for use in human vessels, vascular bypasses, ureters, intrahepatic bypasses, bile ducts and for use in other hollow organs.

Claims (962)

1. Endoprosthesis characterized by having a fully MR-compatible design and consisting of a material that has a susceptibility similar to human tissue. This is characterized by the fact that individual endoprosthesis struts extend from a spine without forming a continuous circle perpendicular to the endoprosthesis longitudinal axis. 2. Like 1) but with more than one backbone. 3. As 1) but with any curved or straight shape of the spine. 4. As 2) but with any curved or straight shape of the spines, which can but do not have to cross. 5. As 1) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle which is formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of the same material. 6. As 2) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle which is formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of the same material. 7. As 3) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle which is formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of the same material. 8. As 4) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle which is formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of the same material. 9. As 1) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle formed by a short additional piece of reduced conductivity made of at least one material other than the endoprosthesis. 10. As 2) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of at least one material other than the endoprosthesis. 11. As 3) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle formed by a short additional piece with reduced conductivity made of at least one material other than the endoprosthesis. 12. As 4) but the endoprosthesis struts form a circle formed by a short additional piece of reduced conductivity made of at least one material other than the endoprosthesis. 13. As 1) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 14. As 2) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 15. As 3) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 16. As 4) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 17. As 5) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 18. As 6) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 19. As 7) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 20. As 8) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 21. As 9) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 22. As 10) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 23. As 11) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 24. As 12) with any shape of endoprosthesis struts, extending vertically or at any angle from the spine. The endoprosthesis struts can be shaped as a single strut or as a closed or open loop. 25. As 1) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 26. As 2) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 27. As 3) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 28. As 4) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 29. As 5) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 30. As 6) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 31. As 7) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 32. As 8) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 33. As 9) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 34. As 10) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 35. As 11) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 36. As 12) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 37. As 13) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 38. As 14) made from the following gold-copper containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%o. 39. As 15) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 40. As 16) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 41. As 17) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 42. As 18) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 43. As 19) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 44. As 20) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 45. As 21) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 46. As 22) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 47. As 23) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 48. As 24) made from the following gold-copper-containing alloy (data in percent by mass): Au 20-80%, Cu 20-80%, Pt 0-7.5%, Pd 0-10.0%, Ir 0-5%, Ag 0-20%, Zn 0-5%, Sn 0-5%, Ru 0-5%, other metals in total less than 10%. 49. As 1) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 50. Like 2) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 51. Like 3) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 52. Like 4) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 53. Like 5) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 54. Like 6) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 55. Like 7) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 56. Like 8) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 57. Like 9) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 58. Like 10) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 59. Like 11) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 60. Like 12) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 61. Like 13) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 62. Like 14) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 63. Like 15) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 64. Like 16) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 65. Like 17) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 66. Like 18) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 67. Like 19) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 68. Like 20) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 69. Like 21) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 70. Like 22) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 71. Like 23) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 72. Like 24) but made of an over 80% Cu alloy. 73. As 1) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 74. Like 2) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 75. Like 3) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 76. Like 4) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 77. Like 5) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 78. Like 6) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 79. Like 7) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 80. Like 8) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 81. Like 9) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 82. Like 10) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 83. Like 11) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 84. Like 12) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 85. Like 13) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 86. Like 14) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 87. Like 15) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 88. Like 16) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 89. Like 17) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 90. Like 18) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 91. Like 19) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 92. Like 20) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 93. Like 21) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 94. Like 22) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 95. Like 23) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 96. Like 24) but made of an over 80% Au alloy. 97. As 1) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 98. As 2) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 99. As 3) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 100. As 4) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 101. As 5) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 102. As 6) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 103. As 7) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 104. As 8) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 105. As 9) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 106. As 10) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 107. As 11) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 108. As 12) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 109. As 13) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 110. As 14) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 111. As 15) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 112. As 16) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 113. As 17) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 114. As 18) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 115. As 19) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 116. As 20) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 117. As 21) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 118. As 22) but made of an alloy which does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 119. As 23) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 120. As 24) but made of an alloy that does not show any significant susceptibility differences to human tissue. 121. As 1) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicament. 122. As 2) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicament. 123. As 3) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicament. 124. 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As in 47) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 168. As 48) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 169. As 49) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 170. As in 50) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partly or wholly effective as a medicinal product. 171. As in 51) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 172. As in 52) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 173. As 53) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 174. As 54) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 175. As 55) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 176. As in 56) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 177. As in 57) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 178. As in 58) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 179. 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As 65) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 186. As 66) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 187. As in 67) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 188. As 68) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 189. As 69) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 190. As in 70) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partly or wholly effective as a medicinal product. 191. As in 71) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 192. As in 72) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 193. As in 73) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 194. As in 74) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 195. As in 75) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 196. As in 76) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or wholly effective as a medicinal product. 197. As in 77) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 198. As in 78) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 199. As in 79) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 200. As 80) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 201. As 81) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 202. As 82) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 203. As in 83) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partly or wholly effective as a medicinal product. 204. As 84) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 205. As 85) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances which may or may not be partially or collectively effective as a medicinal product. 206. As 86) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 207. As 87) with a single or multiple coating of one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 208. As 88) with a single or multiple coating with one or more substances, some or all of which may or may not be effective as a medicinal product. 209. 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As 50) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 531. As 51) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 532. As 52) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 533. As 53) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 534. As 54) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 535. As 55) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 536. As 56) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 537. As 57) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 538. As 58) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 539. As 59) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 540. As 60) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 541. As 61) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 542. As 62) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 543. As 63) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 544. As 64) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 545. As 65) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 546. As 66) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 547. As 67) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 548. As 68) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 549. As 69) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 550. As 70) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 551. As 71) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 552. As 72) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 553. As 73) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 554. As 74) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 555. As 75) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 556. As 76) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 557. As 77) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 558. As 78) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 559. As 79) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 560. As 80) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 561. As 81) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 562. As 82) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 563. As 83) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 564. As 84) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 565. As 85) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 566. As 86) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 567. As 87) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 568. As 88) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 569. As 89) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 570. As 90) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 571. As 91) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 572. As 92) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 573. As 93) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 574. As 94) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 575. As 95) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 576. As 96) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 577. As 97) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 578. As 98) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 579. As 99) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 580. As 100) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 581. As 101) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 582. As 102) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 583. As 103) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 584. As 104) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 585. As 105) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 586. As 106) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 587. As 107) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 588. As 108) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 589. As 109) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 590. As 110) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 591. As 111) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 592. As 112) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 593. As 113) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 594. As 114) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 595. As 115) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 596. As 116) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 597. As 117) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 598. As 118) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 599. As 119) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 600. As 120) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 601. As 121) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 602. As 122) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 603. As 123) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 604. As 124) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 605. As 125) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 606. As 126) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 607. As 127) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 608. As 128) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 609. As 129) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 610. As 130) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 611. As 131) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 612. As 132) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 613. As 133) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 614. As 134) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 615. As 135) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 616. As 136) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 617. As 137) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 618. As 138) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 619. As 139) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 620. As 140) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 621. As 141) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 622. As 142) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 623. As 143) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 624. As 144) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 625. As 145) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 626. As 146) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 627. As 147) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 628. As 148) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 629. As 149) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 630. As 150) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 631. As 151) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 632. As 152) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 633. As 153) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 634. As 154) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 635. As 155) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 636. As 156) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 637. As 157) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 638. As 158) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 639. As 159) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 640. As 160) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 641. As 161) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 642. As 162) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 643. As 163) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 644. As 164) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 645. As 165) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 646. As 166. but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 647. As 167) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 648. As 168) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 649. As 169) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 650. As 170) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 651. As 171) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 652. As 172) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 653. As 173) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 654. As 174) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 655. As 175) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 656. As 176) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 657. As 177) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 658. As 178) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 659. As 179) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 660. As 180) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 661. As 181) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 662. As 182) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 663. As 183) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 664. As 184) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 665. As 185) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 666. As 186) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 667. As 187) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 668. As 188) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 669. As 189) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 670. As 190) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 671. As 191) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 672. As 192) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 673. As 193) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 674. As 194) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 675. As 195) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 676. As 196) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 677. As 196) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 678. As 198) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 679. As 199) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 680. As 200) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 681. As 201) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 682. As 202) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 683. As 203) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 684. As 204) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 685. As 205) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 686. As 206) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 687. As 207) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 688. As 208) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 689. As 209) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 690. As 210) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 691. As 211) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 692. As 212) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 693. As 213) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 694. As 214) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 695. As 215) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 696. As 216) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 697. As 217) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 698. As 218) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 699. As 219) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 700. As 220) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 701. As 221) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 702. As 222) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 703. As 223) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 704. As 224) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 705. As 225) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 706. As 226) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 707. As 227) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 708. As 228) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 709. As 229) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 710. As 230) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 711. As 231) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 712. As 232) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 713. As 233) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 714. As 234) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 715. As 235) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 716. As 236) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 717. As 237) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 718. As 238) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 719. As 239) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 720. As 240) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 721. As 241) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 722. As 242) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 723. As 243) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 724. As 244) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 725. As 245) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 726. As 246) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 727. As 247) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 728. As 248) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 729. As 249) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 730. As 250) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 731. As 251) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 732. As 252) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 733. As 253) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 734. As 254) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 735. As 255) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 736. As 256) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 737. As 257) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 738. As 258) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 739. As 259) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 740. As 260) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 741. As 261) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 742. As 262) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 743. As 263) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 744. As 264) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 745. As 265) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 746. As 266) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 747. As 267) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 748. As 268) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 749. As 269) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 750. As 270) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 751. As 271) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 752. As 272) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 753. As 273) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 754. As 274) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 755. As 275) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 756. As 276) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 757. As 277) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 758. As 278) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 759. As 279) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 760. As 280) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 761. As 281) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 762. As 282) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 763. As 283) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 764. As 284) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 765. As 285) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 766. As 286) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 767. As 287) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 768. As 288) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 769. As 289) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 770. As 290) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 771. As 291) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 772. As 292) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 773. As 293) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 774. As 294) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 775. As 295) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 776. As 296) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 777. As 297) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 778. As 298) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 779. As 299) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 780. As 300) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 781. As 301) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 782. As 302) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 783. As 303) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 784. As 304) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 785. As 305) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 786. As 306) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 787. As 307) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 788. As 308) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 789. As 309) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 790. As 310) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 791. As 311) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 792. As 312) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 793. As 313) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 794. As 314) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 795. As 315) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 796. As 316) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 797. As 317) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 798. As 318) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 799. As 319) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 800. As 320) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 801. As 321) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 802. As 322) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 803. As 323) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 804. As 324) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 805. As 325) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 806. As 326) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 807. As 327) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 808. As 328) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 809. As 329) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 810. As 330) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 811. As 331) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 812. As 332) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 813. As 333) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 814. As 334) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 815. As 335) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 816. As 336) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 817. As 337) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 818. As 338) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 819. As 339) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 820. As 340) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 821. As 341) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 822. As 342) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 823. As 343) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 824. As 344) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 825. As 345) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 826. As 346) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 827. As 347) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 828) As 348) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 829. As 349) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 830. As 350) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 831. As 351) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 832. As 352) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 833. As 353) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 834. As 354) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 835. As 355) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 836. As 356) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 837. As 357) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 838. As 358) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 839. As 359) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 840. As 360) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 841. As 361) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 842. As 362) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 843. As 363) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 844. As 364) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 845. As 365) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 846. As 366) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 847. As 367) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 848. As 368) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 849. As 369) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 850. As 370) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 851. As 371) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 852. As 372) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 853. As 373) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 854. As 374) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 855. As 375) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 856. As 376) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 857. As 377) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 858. As 378) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 859. As 379) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 860. As 380) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 861. As 381) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 862. As 382) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 863. As 383) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 864. As 384) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 865. As 385) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 866. As 386) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 867. As 387) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 868. As 388) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 869. As 389) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 870. As 390) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 871. As 391) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 872. As 392) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 873. As 393) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 874. As 394) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 875. As 395) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 876. As 396) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 877. As 397) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 878. As 398) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 879. As 399) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 880. As 400) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 881. As 401) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 882. As 402) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 883. As 403) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 884. As 404) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 885. As 405) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 886. As 406) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 887. As 407) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 888. As 408) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 889. As 409) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 890. As 410) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 891. As 411) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 892. As 412) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 893. As 413) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 894. As 414) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 895. As 415) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 896. As 416) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 897. As 417) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 898. As 418) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 899. As 419) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 900. As 420) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 901. As 421) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 902. As 422) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 903. As 423) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 904. As 424) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 905. As 425) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 906. As 426) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 907. As 427) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 908. As 428) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 909. As 429) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 910. As 430) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 911. As 431) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 912. As 432) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 913. As 433) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 914. As 434) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 915. As 435) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 916. As 435) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 917. As 436) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 918. As 437) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 919. As 438) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 920. As 439) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 921. As 440) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 922. As 441) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 923. As 442) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 924. As 443) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 925. As 444) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 926. As 445) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 927. As 446) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 928. As 447) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 929. As 448) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 930. As 449) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 931. As 450) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 932. As 451) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 933. As 452) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 934. As 453) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 935. As 454) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 936. As 455) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 937. As 456) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 938. As 457) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 939. As 458) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 940. As 459) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 941. As 460) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 942. As 461) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 943. As 462) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 944. As 463) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 945. As 464) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 946. As 465) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 947. As 466) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 948. As 467) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 949. As 468) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 950. As 469) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 951. As 470) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 952. As 471) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 953. As 472) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 954. As 473) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 955. As 474) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 956. As 475) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 957. As 476) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 958. As 477) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 959. As 478) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 960. As 479) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 961. As 480) but with a covering of one or more membranes inside and/or outside the prosthesis. 962. Any combination of the versions listed under 1) to 961).