DE20112875U1 - Outer wall Precast - Google Patents

Description

H0G3DE

Franz Hochholzer
Untergriesbach 1
A-4770 Andorf, Upper Austria.

Exterior wall prefabricated component

The invention relates to a prefabricated exterior wall component with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Prefabricated external wall components that are prefabricated and installed on site are known in the construction industry in a wide variety of designs, in which films or paper webs are consistently used as vapor barriers against the ingress of water vapor.

Timber frame buildings with clay mixture walls are also known, but these cannot yet be manufactured in prefabricated form. In the timber frame buildings erected on site, a wooden frame is first made for a wall, which is then filled with an insulating filling consisting of a clay mixture filling, made of clay tempered with plant material.

The mixture is made with moist clay and must first be allowed to dry. Once the wall has dried, an insulating layer or a stucco fabric made of reeds is applied to both sides. A layer of plaster, usually lime plaster or clay, is then applied to this.

Because of this time-consuming, labor-intensive manufacturing method, which delays construction progress, this procedure is also costly.
35

Due to the high level of living comfort and the low energy required to produce the described wall construction from certain plant and mineral building materials, the application of this method is advantageous, but very limited for economic reasons.

Known prefabricated exterior wall components have a complex multi-part structure, with a large avoidance of natural building materials in order to achieve the mechanical rigidity, which is difficult to control, and the required thermal insulation effect. Recessed chambers are also filled with a wood chip-clay mixture, but mostly with fiber material alone.
On the inside, different cladding materials are used as plaster supports, including layers of clay, which are laid loosely, so they can only be attached on site, with the effort that is then associated with production.

The object of the invention is to be able to prefabricate an external wall component with an internal wooden structure, constructed exclusively from certain plant and mineral building materials and without the use of a film as a vapor barrier, which can be transported from a manufacturing plant to any construction site, essentially completed, without damage and can be moved there to already constructed building parts and can be fastened using a simple, easily controllable method, whereby the mechanical rigidity is already to be achieved with the wooden construction elements, which are to have a simple structure in order to be reliable and inexpensive to manufacture.

This object is achieved in a prefabricated external wall component using known construction features of timber frame buildings, according to the preamble of claim 1, with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

t ft ·< ft * t · '· · *'

The subclaims relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention and, like claim 1, are simultaneously part of the description of the invention.

The construction of the wall of the prefabricated external wall component according to the preamble of claim 1 results in a high connection strength, which is important for the transport of a prefabricated element, through the use of a double-post arrangement with post planks that are stiffened at a distance with inserted connecting planks and with upper and lower crossbars with the same stiffening, and through the use of board cladding on both sides, a very high mechanical load-bearing capacity for the applied external and internal wall parts, as is necessary for transport.

The possibility of introducing wood or fibre waste clay mixture into the lying one-sidedly clad exterior wall prefabricated component, removing it and then attaching the second clad allows for particularly rapid, labour-saving and quality-enhancing production during prefabrication.

The tight formwork of the side and lower end walls of the prefabricated external wall component makes it possible to deliver it to the construction site with a low transport weight and to fill it from above with the separately delivered thermal insulation filling made of lightweight clay after the prefabricated external wall component has been erected and then, if necessary, to tightly form the upper end wall. This also makes it possible to increase the work contribution of the developer without this causing any disadvantages in the quality of the construction of a building.

The term light clay refers, without reference to standards, to the clay produced from wood chips or from fibre plant waste, from which residues of fibre waste and stem fragments arising from the processing of hemp and flax or similar,

the so-called hemp and flax shives or the like are particularly suitable, the mixture prepared with moistened clay or the mixture prepared with dry clay and from moistened wood chips or fibrous plant waste.

The former is installed after drying to a moisture content at which processing is possible, especially for the plaster base layer, or the latter is dried to a water content that is in balance with the air humidity and is intended for shipping and installation in the middle wall section of the prefabricated external wall component after it has been installed.

To achieve the necessary rigidity of a prefabricated external wall component, the use of planks measuring 8x8 to 10x10 cm and 3 to 4 connecting planks per storey is a favorable solution, whereby these connecting planks can be used without restrictions on wall thicknesses of 25 to 50 cm.

It is advantageous if the inner wall formwork consists of a horizontal formwork, in which the distance between the formwork boards is between 50 and 100 cm, adapted to clay building boards nailed or screwed to it as an inner plaster base layer, which can also be subsequently attached after the external wall prefabricated component has been installed, which also increases the workload of the builder, while the weight of the transported external wall prefabricated component is significantly reduced.

The production of the middle wall section as a prefabricated external wall component is also particularly advantageous if the completion of the outer and inner wall sections, especially in the case of a different special structure, is only planned after the inner wall section has been moved.

Furthermore, this processing enables the dimensionally stable nailing of thermal insulation layers made of reed packing as components of the outer and inner wall parts or at least of a stucco fabric, which layers then provide a good base for the outer plaster layer and especially for the inner plaster layer.

While the external plaster layer, particularly when using lime plaster, is best applied after the prefabricated external wall component has been installed due to its mechanical properties, the wall structure according to the invention allows the application of clay building boards, the use of which, due to their low thickness of 1.5 to 3 cm, greatly reduces the weight of the prefabricated external wall component. These are made in particular from mixtures of clay and fibrous plant waste, such as hemp and flax or the like, so-called hemp and flax shives or the like; however, such mixtures are also applied loosely and compacted in a wet state during the prefabrication of a prefabricated external wall component.

After installation, the prefabricated exterior wall component is coated with exterior plaster, as a lime-trass plaster, using the conventional method and, if necessary, colored on both sides.

The wall rigidity is further increased by diagonally laying the boards of the board cladding of the middle part of the wall.

Instead of the clay mixture filling, preferably lightweight clay, the thermal insulation filling of the middle part of the wall can also consist only of the previously described fibrous plant waste, such as hemp, flax or the like, especially if high thermal insulation is desired without the moisture-regulating properties of clay.

&bull; ti ti it mi i ···· β»* . * *·

An additional thermal insulation layer in the form of a reed pack is used primarily as part of the external wall section and its thickness is determined according to the required thermal insulation effect without affecting the properties of the external plaster layer because this thermal insulation layer is applied very stably. However, it is equally possible to carry out the cladding with fiber insulation boards, in particular with wood fiber boards of suitable thickness.

Essentially, the same properties are achieved with the interior plaster base layer due to the very stable method of attaching clay building boards or a plaster base and thermal insulation layer, whereby this layer is also made of a clay mixture, thinned with fibrous plant waste, and due to its mechanical properties has even better adhesion with reduced weight and increased thermal insulation and in any case allows the transport of the prefabricated external wall component.

The fastening of the prefabricated external wall component by means of angle brackets, especially double-angled ones, to the building floor and with screw brackets to the ceiling and to adjacent prefabricated external wall elements or to corner posts or the like, to which they are screwed or nailed, is particularly simple and mechanically flawless, allowing connections to be made quickly.

Of particular advantage is the construction of the prefabricated exterior wall element exclusively with natural fiber and plant materials and with mineral building materials and especially with clay, without the use of vapor barrier films.

The wall structure of the prefabricated external wall component enables, in addition to the high rigidity provided by the wooden construction elements, the introduction of the advantages of the building materials used, which are reflected in a real wall breathing, in a uniform

·

S-*

Moisture absorption and distribution and moisture removal, which ensures that the wall remains dry while maintaining sufficient humidity inside the building.
5

With the double-column arrangement, the prefabricated exterior wall component is attached particularly easily and reliably to the building's foundation using anchor bolts.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawing of a non-limiting embodiment. It shows:

Fig.l a partially opened prefabricated exterior wall component in oblique view;

Fig.2 shows a horizontal cross-section through a prefabricated external wall element according to Fig.1, schematically;

Fig.2 shows a vertical cross-section through the prefabricated external wall element according to Fig.l, schematically.

The prefabricated exterior wall component shown has a three-part wall structure in which an outer wall part 13 and an inner wall part 10 are arranged closely adjacent to a central wall part 1.

The middle wall part 1 is stiffened by wooden construction elements 2 that extend through the wall thickness and are formed from double post arrangements 3 arranged next to one another at a distance from one another, in which two post planks 4, spaced from one another in the direction from the outside to the inside, are stiffened with several connecting planks 5 with joint connections in accordance with the intended wall thickness of between 25 cm and 50 cm.

The stud beams 4 are inserted at their upper ends 6 and at their lower ends 16 with joints into horizontal crossbars 7 spaced apart in the direction of the wall thickness,
which are stiffened at similar distances as the upright planks 4 with several inserted connecting planks 5.

The lower crossbars 7 are attached to the foundation of the building with anchor bolts 12.

The post planks 4 of the double post arrangement 3, the crossbars 7 and the connecting planks 5 have a cross-sectional dimension of 8x8 cm to 10x10 cm for common storey heights and <the joints are particularly good
Rigidity and durability as a dovetail joint

manufactured.

The double column arrangement 3 carries a nailed-on board formwork on both sides, which consists of a diagonal formwork 9 on the outside and a horizontal formwork 8 on the inside, whereby in the latter case the distances between the formwork boards are between 50 cm and 100 cm depending on the size of the
fixed clay building boards 11, which serve as plaster base layer
17 of the inner wall part 10, offset in rows
nailed or screwed on.

The clay building panels 11 are laid before or after the

Exterior wall prefabricated component with an interior plaster layer 18

Mistake.

The same applies if the inner wall part 10 consists of a

nailed plaster base layer 17 made of stucco reed fabric or a thermal insulation layer made of reed packing or of commercially available wood fibre boards as fibre insulation boards,
if a correspondingly high thermal insulation effect is required.

On this plaster base layer 17, an interior plaster layer 18 is applied, consisting of a moist mixture of fibrous plant waste from the

&bull;*&idigr; ·* &iacgr;-i ·* *

Fibre extraction from hemp or flax or similar, so-called hemp or flax shives or similar, with clay, which is pre-mixed in a moist state and applied to the prefabricated external wall component during prefabrication and then removed; after drying, the component can be transported to the construction site.

The outer wall part 13 consists of a thermal insulation layer 14, the thickness of which is determined according to the desired thermal insulation effect, which consists of a nailed-on reed packing or also of a fiber insulation board, such as wood fiber board, onto which the external plaster layer 15, which usually consists of lime-trass plaster, is applied; for reasons of mechanical strength, this only takes place after the prefabricated external wall component has been installed on the construction site.

The cavity between the two plank claddings of the inner wall part 1 is filled with a thermal insulation filling 20 consisting of lightweight clay, a mixture of wood chips or fiber plant waste from the fiber production of hemp or flax or the like, so-called hemp or flax shives or the like, with clay, which is pre-mixed in a moist and pre-dried state and inserted into the prefabricated exterior wall component already clad in planks on one side and removed, whereupon the second plank cladding is then nailed on.

However, it is also advantageously possible to join the prefabricated external wall component, which is provided with cladding made of boards or wood fibre boards on the side end walls 21 and on the lower end wall 22, from above after it has been installed on the construction site and then to attach the cladding of the upper end wall 23 if necessary.

10

List of reference symbols

1 middle wall section

2 Wooden construction element of the middle wall section

3 Double column arrangement of the timber construction element

4 post planks of the double post arrangement 3

5 connecting planks

6 upper end of the double column arrangement 3

7 Crossbars of the wooden construction element

8 horizontal formwork of the board cladding

9 diagonal formwork of the board cladding

10 inner wall part

11 Clay building board of the inner wall section 10 12 Anchor screw connection of the crossbar 7

13 outer wall section

14 Thermal insulation layer of the outer wall part 13

15 Exterior plaster layer of the outer wall part 13

16 Lower end of the double stud arrangement 3 17 Plaster base layer of the inner wall section

18 Interior plaster layer of the inner wall part 10

19 Foundation

20 Thermal insulation filling of the middle wall section

21 side front wall of the prefabricated external wall component 22 lower front wall of the prefabricated external wall component

23 Upper front wall of the prefabricated external wall component

Claims (15)

1. Prefabricated external wall component for buildings, essentially consisting of natural materials for the prefabrication of entire building external walls or parts thereof, rectangular or square in shape, constructed from a central wall section which is stiffened by wooden construction elements arranged at intervals, the central wall section being provided with a board cladding on both sides on the outside and on the inside and to which an outer wall section with a thermal insulation layer on the outside and an inner wall section with a plaster base layer, in particular one that is open to diffusion, adjoin, which, in the offset state, carry an external plaster layer on the outside and an internal plaster layer on the inside, in particular, and the central wall section between the board cladding and between the wooden construction elements is filled with a thermal insulation filling, characterized in that the wooden construction elements ( 2 ) of the central wall section ( 1 ) consist of several double post arrangements ( 3 ) spaced horizontally from one another, each of which consists of a pair of post planks (3) arranged at a distance from one another on the outside and inside. 4 ) which are connected at intervals along their height to connecting planks ( 5 ) via joint connections and are inserted at the upper ends ( 6 ) and at the lower ends ( 19 ) into horizontally running cross bars ( 7 ) with joint connections, which are also connected to connecting planks ( 5 ) via joint connections, wherein the double post arrangements ( 3 ) are provided on the outside and on the inside with board cladding or the like. 2. Prefabricated external wall component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the double-column arrangements ( 3 ), which are provided with board cladding or the like on the outside and inside, are designed as horizontal formwork ( 8 ) on one wall part, in particular the inner wall part ( 10 ), and as diagonal formwork ( 9 ) on the other wall part, in particular the outer wall part ( 13 ). 3. Prefabricated external wall component according to claim 1, characterized in that the support planks ( 4 ), which preferably have a cross-sectional dimension of 8 × 8 cm to 10 × 10 cm, are stiffened to the usual storey height with 3 to 4 connector planks ( 5 ) and these and the connector planks ( 5 ) of the crossbars ( 7 ) are preferably inserted with a dovetail joint. 4. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the connecting planks ( 5 ) are dimensioned for a wall thickness of the prefabricated external wall component of 25 cm to 50 cm. 5. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board formwork for the inner wall part ( 10 ) constructed with clay building boards ( 11 ) is designed as a horizontal formwork ( 8 ) with a spacing of the formwork boards of 50 cm to 100 cm. 6. Prefabricated external wall component according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least the thermal insulation layer ( 14 ) of the outer wall part ( 13 ) and the plaster base layer ( 17 ) of the inner wall part ( 10 ) are already prefabricatedly applied to the middle wall part (1). 7. Prefabricated external wall component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that for the prefabrication of the prefabricated external wall component, the internal plaster layer ( 18 ) is already applied in prefabricated form on the plaster base layer ( 17 ) of the inner wall part ( 10 ). 8. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation filling ( 20 ) of the middle wall part ( 1 ) consists of a lightweight clay filling, such as wood shavings, wood chips or hemp or hemp or flax shives or the like with clay. 9. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer ( 14 ) of the outer wall part ( 13 ) consists of a nailed-on reed packing or a fiber insulation board, in particular a commercially available wood fiber board, with a thickness corresponding to the required thermal insulation effect, to which the external plaster layer ( 15 ), in particular a lime-trass plaster layer, is applied preferably after installation of the prefabricated external wall component. 10. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner wall part ( 16 ) is formed by a nailed-on plaster carrier layer ( 17 ) made of stucco reed fabric or a reed packing, or a fiber insulation board, in particular a commercially available wood fiber board, with a thickness corresponding to the required thermal insulation effect. 11. Prefabricated external wall component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that clay building boards ( 11 ) are nailed or screwed on as the plaster base layer ( 17 ) of the inner wall part ( 16 ), which have a thickness of about 1.5 cm to 3 cm and preferably a width of 50 cm and a length of 100 cm and are attached in particular after the installation of the prefabricated external wall component. 12. Prefabricated external wall component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the internal plaster layer ( 18 ) consisting of a layer of a mixture of fibrous plant waste, preferably of hemp or flax or the like, so-called hemp or flax shives or the like, and clay is applied to the plaster base layer ( 17 ) of the inner wall part ( 16 ). 13. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crossbars ( 7 ) at the lower end ( 16 ) of a prefabricated external wall component can be connected, preferably screwed, to the foundation of a building with anchor screw connections ( 20 ) and the crossbars ( 7 ) at the upper end ( 6 ) can be connected to the ceiling with angle bands and the stud planks ( 4 ) can be connected to adjoining prefabricated external wall components or to corner posts of a building with bands. 14. Prefabricated external wall component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral end faces ( 21 ) and the lower end face ( 22 ) and optionally the upper end face ( 23 ) of the prefabricated external wall component are tightly clad with formwork boards or fiberboards, in particular commercially available wood fiberboards. 15. Prefabricated external wall component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the upper end face ( 23 ) of the prefabricated external wall component is clad with formwork boards or fiberboard, in particular with commercially available wood fiberboard, after its installation on the construction site, after filling the middle wall part ( 1 ) of the thermal insulation filling ( 20 ).