DE20111804U1 - Rust and rust bars - Google Patents

Description

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GBP

Dipl.-Ing. W. Herrrnann-Trentepohl, Bochum Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Grosse, Munich Dipl.-Ing. Josef Bockhorni, Bochum Dipl.-lng. Thilo Raible, RA. Munich Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Dieterie, Leipzig .-_.._, ^ ... _ , _TT Ute Grosser, RAIn, Munich

WVT Breidmg GmbH

Plane Tree Way 11

58239-Schwerte ^E " ^{maii: lnfo@paf} 9 ^uardde

Germany

Munich
June 18, 2001
B 38114 DE
(BJ/CL/WE)

Rust and rust bars

The invention relates to a grate bar for arrangement in a grate, in particular for combustion plants, and to a corresponding grate with a plurality of grate bars arranged next to one another in rows, the rows being arranged one behind the other and stepwise one above the other to form the grate.

Grates are used, for example, as combustion grates to collect combustion material, e.g. waste, in a waste incineration plant and transport it through the furnace system. To transport the combustion material or waste or to form an inclined plane, the grate bars that make up the grates are usually arranged in rows next to each other and the rows are arranged in steps one above the other, partially overlapping each other. Furthermore, individual rows can usually be moved relative to each other to transport the waste. For this reason, a distinction is made between a combustion surface and a sliding surface in the grate bars of such grates. The sliding surface is provided at the end of the grate bar, which is arranged above a grate bar below and, by moving relative to the grate bar below, helps to transport the combustion material or waste, while the combustion surface serves as a support surface for the combustion material. The grates or grate bars must have sufficient strength and stability to be able to accommodate the goods to be transported, and must also have a high temperature resistance to withstand the temperatures in the oven. This is particularly important for grates for

Forstenrieder Allee 59 Massnbergstr. 19-21 Max Beckmann Sir. 23 &agr; Paseo txplanada Ds Espana No.l, 4-lzda

D - 81476 Munich D-44787 Bochum D - 04109 Leipzig ES - 03002 Alicante

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HypoVereinsbank Munich (bank code 700 202 70) Account number: 46 505 999 Postal check Munich (bank code 700 100 80) Canton number: 227 682-805

Incineration plants require a high level of high-temperature corrosion resistance, as highly corrosive media can arise in such plants. In addition, it is also necessary for the grates to ensure a sufficient supply of combustion air in order to ensure good combustion of waste, for example.

In order to meet all of these requirements, grates are known in the prior art which are constructed from grate bars which are arranged with a certain gap between the grate bars in order to guide air directed against the grate from below through the gaps between the grate bars and thus through the grate so that the material to be burned is supplied with sufficient oxygen. However, this design of the grates has the disadvantage that the gaps can become partially clogged with material to be burned and that dead zones are created, particularly in the area of the grate bars, where no air can reach, so that the waste cannot be burned satisfactorily in these dead zones. Another problem with this design of the grate is that the grate bars are not cooled sufficiently, which leads to corrosion problems because the grate bars then reach very high temperatures.

Another design of grates that is known from the state of the art is one in which the grate bars have nozzle-like openings both in the front sliding area and in the area of the combustion surface, through which the air blown onto the grate from below is guided towards the material being burned, i.e. the waste. However, this also leaves dead zones that are not supplied with enough oxygen, so that the waste in these areas burns poorly, if at all. In addition, the nozzle-like openings in the area of the combustion surface and in the sliding area lead to zones in the area of the nozzles that are subject to high temperatures, so that the nozzle areas are very susceptible to corrosion.

Based on the problems described above with the devices of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to create a grate or grate bars for a grate that enable the most effective and thus residue-free combustion of the combustion material, while at the same time keeping the susceptibility to corrosion as low as possible. In particular, the grate bars to be created should

Dead zones on the grate must be avoided and the temperature load on the grate bars must be kept as low as possible.

This object is achieved by a grate bar or a grate according to the features of claim 1 or claim 9. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

According to the invention, the grate bars are designed in such a way that guide means provided on the underside of the grate bars ensure that a gas or fluid flow, in particular air flow, is guided along the underside of the grate bar parallel to the combustion surface and the entire sliding surface. This results in uniform cooling of the entire combustion surface and sliding surface and, by eliminating outlet nozzles or gaps in the area of the combustion surface and sliding surface, avoids areas that are particularly exposed to high temperatures, so-called hot spots, which in particular promote high-temperature corrosion. In addition, the arrangement of the grate bars in the grate ensures that the gas or fluid flow is guided through the guide means to the top of the row of grate bars arranged underneath, so that on the one hand additional cooling of the grate bars underneath is achieved and on the other hand an adequate supply of oxygen to the combustion material is ensured. The air guided to the top of the grate bars underneath must flow through the entire combustion material, thus avoiding dead zones in which combustion only takes place poorly.

Advantageously, the gas or fluid flow is directed at an angle of 60 to 90° to the top onto the grate bar below in order to avoid hot areas on the grate bars being created by a direct outflow of combustion air onto the combustion material.

For this purpose, it is also advantageous to arrange the grate bars close to one another, i.e. close to one another in the rows, in order to avoid gaps through which the gas or fluid flow, i.e. in particular the air, can flow directly onto the waste material.

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The guide means preferably comprise downwardly open channels which extend parallel to and opposite the combustion surface and the sliding surface, the downwardly open channels preferably being formed by webs which protrude essentially perpendicularly from the underside. This design of guide channels achieves favorable air guidance on the one hand and the webs can also serve as cooling hips for the combustion and sliding surface on the other, which leads to a reduction in the temperature of the grate bars and thus generally reduces the risk of corrosion. However, in order to ensure a particularly controlled air flow in the area of the sliding surface, particularly with regard to the forwarding of the air to the grate bar below, it is advantageous to provide tube-like channels in this area in particular. However, it is also conceivable to provide tube-like channels in general.

In order to ensure a targeted and defined release of air onto the row of grate bars underneath, it is also advantageous to form outflow openings at the end of the sliding surface. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to provide the outflow opening in such a way that no further deflection of the air flow is necessary and the air flow is thus directed parallel to the sliding surface onto the grate bar underneath. Consequently, it is advantageous that the sliding surface is arranged almost at right angles to the combustion surface.

In particular, it is advantageous to provide a spacer with a support area for resting on the grate bar arranged underneath at a distance from the end of the sliding surface, whereby the spacer ensures that there is sufficient space between the support area and the sliding surface for the air to flow out. Since this area between the spacer and the end of the sliding surface is preferably arranged perpendicular to the combustion surface, this also avoids the problems that occur with gaps or outlet nozzles in the area of the combustion surface due to blockage with the combustion material. This also applies if outlet nozzles or slots are provided at the end of the sliding surface, since the advantageous alignment of the outflow direction, preferably perpendicular to the combustion surface, means that the previously mentioned problems with nozzles or outlet slots can be largely avoided.

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Further advantages, characteristics and features of the invention will become clear from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment. The accompanying drawings show in

Fig. 1 is a side view of a grate bar according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of the grate bar from Figure 1 from below;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along the section line B B of Figure 1 or Figure 2 and in

Fig. 4 is a front view of the grate bar from the previous figures.

Figure 1 shows the preferred embodiment of a grate bar 1 according to the invention in a side view. The combustion surface 4 is provided in the front area on the top side 2 of the grate bar 1 and the sliding surface 5 is provided at the right end in the view of Figure 1. The combustion surface 4, which is slightly offset and inclined from the top side 2, and the sliding surface 5 forming the end of the grate bar 1 are the areas of the grate bar 1 which, when arranged in a combustion grate, come into contact with the material to be burned, such as garbage.

On the underside of the grate bar 1, various guide means for guiding air or the like are arranged, which guide the air, which is blown against the underside 3 of the grate bar approximately in accordance with the arrow connected to the reference number 3, on the underside parallel to the combustion surface 4 and the entire sliding surface 5.

As can be seen in detail from Figure 2, the guide means comprise guide channels 7 which are open downwards and are formed by webs 6 protruding from the underside 3. Side walls 14 are provided on the sides 15, which essentially correspond to the webs 6, but are set back slightly from the side 15 in order to form a half-channel 13, so that when the grate bars are arranged next to one another, the half-channels 13 of the adjacent grate bars 1 together form a guide channel.

In the embodiment shown, the sliding surface 5 is arranged essentially at right angles to the burning surface 4. In the resulting bending area in front of the sliding surface 5, as can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, in the embodiment shown

For example, a spacer 10 is provided which extends over the entire width of the grate bar. This covers the guide channels 7 which open downwards in this area, so that tubular channels 8 are formed in the deflection area opposite the sliding surface 5 or tubular half-channels 16 are formed on the sides. The channels 8 and 16 open into outlet openings 9 which are provided at the end of the sliding surface 5. The outlet openings 9 are open downwards, so that the air guided parallel to the sliding surface exits directly downwards and, if the grate bars are arranged with a gradual overlap, the air is thus guided directly to the grate bar below.

As can also be seen in Figure 1, the grate bar 1 according to the invention also has two openings 12 on the sides, which serve to accommodate cross members in order to be able to connect grate bars arranged next to one another in the combustion grate. In order to enable a continuous arrangement of the cross members (not shown) over the entire width of the grate bar 1, the shape of the webs 6, which have recesses in the area of the openings 12, is shown in Figure 1 with dashed lines.

On the side walls 14, in extension of the spacer 10, web extensions 17 are provided, which contribute to the formation of the half-channels 16 and serve to deflect the air in the area opposite the sliding surface 5.

As can be seen in particular from Figure 2, the outlet openings 9 are designed as elongated holes in order to serve as outlet openings for two channels 8 and 16 respectively. The air guide channels 7 and the extent of the webs 6 can be seen particularly well in the sectional view in Figure 3. In the preferred embodiment, the webs 6 are drawn far down in order to ensure good air guidance and also good cooling of the grate bar, in particular the combustion surface 4. Figure 3 also shows the arrangement of the spacer 10 with the support surface 11, which serves to support the grate bar 1 on the grate bar below.

Figure 4 shows the front view of the grate bar 1 with the sliding surface 5 and the inclined burner surface 4. The effect of the spacer 10 can be clearly seen here, which ensures that there is sufficient space between the support surface 11 and the end of the sliding surface 5.

There is space for the air to flow out of the outlet openings 9. The outlet openings 9 can be seen in Fig. 4 through the slanted edge that delimits the outlet openings 9, but this does not mean that the outlet openings are directed forwards, but rather the outlet openings 9 are clearly directed downwards, as can be clearly seen in Fig. 1.

Claims (13)

1. Grate bar for arrangement in a grate, in particular for combustion plants, with an upper side ( 2 ) and a lower side ( 3 ), wherein the upper side ( 3 ) comprises a combustion surface ( 4 ) and a sliding surface ( 5 ), characterized in that the lower side ( 3 ) comprises guide means ( 7-9 , 13 , 16 ) so that a gas or fluid flow, in particular air, directed against the lower side ( 3 ) is guided by the guide means ( 7-9 , 13 , 16 ) parallel to the combustion surface ( 4 ) and to the entire sliding surface ( 5 ). 2. Grate bar according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means, in particular in the region of the combustion surface ( 4 ), comprise channels ( 7 ) open at the bottom. 3. Grate bar according to claim 2, characterized in that the downwardly open channels ( 7 ) are formed by webs ( 6 , 14 ) projecting substantially vertically from the underside. 4. Grate bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means, in particular in the region of the sliding surface ( 5 ), comprise tubular channels ( 8 , 16 ). 5. Grate bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means at the end of the sliding surface ( 5 ) comprise at least one outflow opening ( 9 ). 6. Grate bar according to claim 6, characterized in that the outflow openings ( 9 ) are arranged at the end of the sliding surface ( 5 ) such that the outflow direction is substantially parallel to the sliding surface ( 5 ). 7. Grate bar according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the outflow openings ( 9 ) are arranged at the end of the sliding surface ( 5 ) in such a way that a direct outflow direction in the direction of the material on the grate bar is avoided. 8. Grate bar according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the outflow openings ( 9 ) are formed by nozzles, slots, by the outlet cross-section of the flow channels ( 8 , 16 ) or by spacers ( 10 ) for the sliding surface. 9. Grate, in particular combustion grate, with a plurality of grate bars ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which are arranged next to one another in rows, wherein the rows of grate bars arranged one behind the other form the grate and are arranged in steps relative to one another such that they partially overlap one another, characterized in that the gas or fluid flow is guided by the guide means to the upper side ( 2 ) of the row of grate bars ( 1 ) arranged underneath. 10. Grate according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas or fluid flow is directed at an angle of 60 to 90° to the upper side ( 2 ) of the underlying grate bar ( 1 ). 11. Grate according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the grate bars ( 1 ) are arranged close to one another in the rows. 12. Grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjacent sides (15) of the grate bars ( 1 ) are designed such that they form a guide channel ( 13 , 16 ) together. 13. Grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grate bars have support areas ( 11 ) for resting on grate bars ( 1 ) arranged underneath, which are spaced from the sliding surface ( 5 ).