DE2005656C - Open gas turbine plant - Google Patents

Description

In this context, the water vapor

60 saturation of the combustion air and the saturation of the

Fuel gases have already been proposed in the cleaning stage. The degree of water vapor accumulation is

The invention relates to a method of operating here but on the saturation of the combustion parts open gas turbine system with fuel gases, which take place under the respective pressure and temperature Pressurized gasification generated and restricted before entering the 65 ratios.

Combustion chamber cleaned by wet means and with It is also possible to directly inject

Water vapor become saturated. Proposed speaking high-tension steam

Gas turbine systems require a working equipment. However, this measure requires a special

r type described above, in particular the waste heat

thereby solved, Sfittl

15th

30th

ι brought to a higher temperature and leren temperature additionally with steam can be enriched to saturation. It is also proposed that in the first Stage required additional water amount completely or partially taken from the circulation water of the second stage and that a correspondingly larger amount of additional water is added to the circulating water of the second stage

^ge ("" waterer embodiment of the invention, a cooling of the kiln oasis with subsequent droplet separation is provided between (W first and second stage, with the resulting condensate of the first stage

Tuac leads.

"The second stage circulating water will be as appointed heated by waste heat from the exhaust gas flow downstream of the gas turbine.

According to another embodiment of the invention thank you the circulating water of the second stage is heated by the waste heat from the gasification process. For preheating the make-up water and, if necessary for heating the circulating water also other amounts of waste heat occurring in the overall system be recycled.

According to the invention, the make-up water can be soluble contain organic components or be mixed with oil or tar.

The gas turbine plant works particularly economically when the exhaust gases from the turbine are cooled below the dew point and the recovered Vämemengen be fed back into the process The idea of the invention is not applied to the simple combined with pressurized gasification Gas turbine plant limited. It can also be implemented in the same way in such gas turbine systems that also with a steam turbine system are combined, and also with those in which an expansion turbine is connected upstream of the burner is, as well as in those systems in which an expansion turbine and in front of the combustion chamber after the burner only a steam turbine system is arranged, so an open gas turbine after the combustion chamber is not provided. Pie invention is based on circuit examples

len explained in more detail. . . ,

In Fig. 1 is the simplified circuit diagram schematically an open gas turbine plant shown. The fuel gas generated by pressure gasification flows through line 1 into a Naßrein.ger 2, where S is cleaned in countercurrent with water and only saturated with water. By Le.tung3 tr, that Fuel gas then in the saturator 4 em, in principle whether the wet cleaner2 is designed. In the saturator 4 The fuel gas is warmed up by means of ao heat UmVufwassers' brought to a higher temperature and at this higher temperature additionally with water steam Enriched to saturation.

so-called

Chamber "
That for f ^e

Line42 to the Β

d not shown

The circulating water will

and additional water lines Make-up water is supplied to W, in advance « heated and via Le.tung23 in

J _{5 in the}

ä5

along with

water becomes the

through reading 28 entno _er2i

_a5 the purification water over the in _?

Line 30, the Absche.der31 and _the

"" • ■■ "Β-- ·

the temperature of the fuel gas _{6 D} -

Increased water vapor accumulation. This increases the throughput through the gas turbine and at the same time the temperature of the combustion gases is lowered. F i g. 2 schematically shows the simplified circuit diagram an open gas turbine plant, which is combined with a steam turbine plant. To avoid repetition, the system, as far as it F i g. 1 corresponds, not again described in detail. Corresponding parts of the system are provided with reference numbers that are derived from 100 and the reference number from FIG. 1 (e.g. 101 corresponds to 1.121 corresponds to 21 etc.).

The steam turbine system has been added, consisting of the heat exchanger 151 in the combustion chamber 106 ,. the steam line 152, the steam turbine 153, the exhaust steam line 154, the condenser 155, ; .o the condensate line 156, the heat exchanger 157 in exhaust duct 112 and line 158. The steam turbine 153 drives the generator 159 and emits bleed steam for the gas generator via line 144. The combination of a gas turbine system and a steam turbine system results in a very flexible one Overall system, which, depending on the requirements, is more than Peak load power plant or designed as a base load power plant can be.

By extracting heat in the combustion chamber and utilizing part of the waste heat from the gas turbine system for the steam turbine plant one can see the specific problems of the gas turbine plant master better. But also with such kombi-65 The concept of the invention can be used with advantage in ned systems. The waste heat utilization for the steam turbine plant is limited, so that it is thermally favorable if by the circulating water for the

Saturator a further proportion of waste heat, especially in the uncleaned fuel gas also contains

lower temperature range, can be exploited. 0.142 kg / Nm ³ water vapor and 30 g / Nm ³ smoldering. In addition, of course, the higher throughput through the products and has a temperature of 550 ° C. This gas turbine is advantageous. Fuel gas is first cleaned in a first stage,

3 shows another possible application 5, where it cools down to 162 ° C. By injection of the inventive concept. The system according to cold make-up water is then heated to 161 ° C F i g. 2 is cooled on the one hand by an expansion turbine, with fog forming, with which the 272 for the fuel gases and, on the other hand, a last trace of dust can be removed. The water mist generator 260 has been expanded. steam content is now 0.427 kg / Nm *. In the saturator

Only the new ones will be added. Plant io there is a temperature increase to 165 ° C and parts described. The reference numbers from FIG. 2 Water vapor enrichment up to saturation in these already known parts of the plant is composed of 200 and higher temperatures by means of waste heat from the Abden two end digits according to FIG. 2 gases together behind the gas turbine of heated circulating water, (e.g. 201 corresponds to 101 - or 1 from FIG. 1; 221 so that the fuel gas then corresponds to a water vapor content 121 - or 21 from FIG. 1). 15 of 0.5 kg / Nm ³ at a pressure of 19.5 ata.

The fuel gases, saturated with water vapor, are converted into 142,000 kcal by the circulating water

let the saturator 204 through the line 205 and based on 11 used coal or 2840 Nm ³ are superheated in the heat exchanger 270 in the exhaust gas duct 212 fuel gas from the exhaust gas downstream of the gas turbine in terms of its water vapor content. Returned by fuel gas in front of the combustion chamber.
Line 271 they are then the expansion turbine ao

272 and then via line 273 into the B e i s ρ i e 1 2

Combustion chamber 206 passed. The relaxation turbine

272 drives on the one hand the generator 275 and on the other hand- When gasifying heavy oil with a lower one

On the one hand, an air compressor 274, which takes up part of the air, which has a calorific value of 9800 kcal / kg by means of air and water compressor 209, is created via line 242 25, a fuel gas of the following is created, further compressed and settled via line 243:
releases the gas generator. _rf) ~ _n “.

In the fog generator 260 this is via line 203 ~~ * '' °

incoming saturated fuel gas with circulating water * - "22.4 / ₀

(Lines 281 and 283) and cold make-up water 30 H ₁ 16.2%

(Line 280) slightly cooled, with fog CH ₄ 0.1%

formation a further dust separation becomes possible, yy _ 58 9 ° /

and passed on via line 261 to saturator 204 "c _{0 4} o /

tet. Part of the dust-laden circulating water of the ² '' °

The mist generator 260 is fed into the 35 via line 282. The water vapor content is 0.043 kg / Nm ³ . Introduced with the water circulation of the wet cleaner 202. the fuel gas contains 2.1% soot based on the

With such a system, the amount of oil set for the gas can be discharged from the pressure gasifier, turbine optimal pressure level, regardless of the steam pressure level after passing through a waste heat boiler the pressurized gasification, through corresponding generation, among other things for the heavy oil gasification Corresponding expansion in expansion turbine 272 40 is the fuel gas at 330 ° C for the gas turbine can be set, with additional useful energy system available. The gas is as in Example 1 Will be delighted. cleaned and cooled, reaching a temperature

Switching on the smoke generator enables a door of 132 ° C and a water vapor content of even better dust separation from the fuel gas than 0.148 kg / Nm ³ . In the second stage, the fuel gas it is obtained by the wet cleaner alone. 45 by heated circulation water to a temperature

Even with such extended systems, 159 ³ C at 19.5 ata is brought about and with this higher application of the inventive idea a further temperature is saturated, so that an improvement in water vapor is achieved, because here, too, the content of 0.393 kg / Nm ³ has. As a result of the general use of waste heat and the higher throughput of water, the efficiency of the two gas turbines is increased by 842,000 kcal per ton of 50 heavy oil and 6250 Nm ^{8 of} fuel gas from the exhaust gas. behind the gas turbine in the fuel gas in front of the fuel

The following calculation examples give a chamber returned.

further explanation of the invention. The invention enables a possibly be

considerable increase in fuel gas temperature compared to

For example 55 above the temperature reached during cleaning

nivcau. This temperature increase would be in view

When gasifying gas flame coal with 7.5 ° / "on the necessary lowering of the temperature of the humidity, 14.5% ash and a lower heating combustion gases to the permissible gas turbine inlet value of 5850 kcal / kg by means of air and water vapor temperature is absurd if it is not used with an entbei 20 ata are gasified per ton of coal 2840 Nm * combustible 60 meaning higher water vapor enrichment received the following composition: would be bound. The one in the incineration as ballast

to be seen higher water vapor content causes

COj 14.0% the - taking into account the permissible gas turbine-

CH _m 0.2% entry temperature - an increase that is undesirable in itself

CO 15.8% 65 of the temperature of the fuel gases does not increase

Hj 25.0% hunger, but a lowering of the temperature

CH, which leads to 5.0% of the combustion gases. The increase in the

N ₁ 40.0% gas temperature, associated with an increase in the

The water vapor content enables an influence turbine in front of the combustion chamber is advantageous, it can be applied to the temperature of the combustion gases in the ge to a wide extent,
wished Sung. ^D <* 8 ^{big advantage 1} ^ * ^{in that the} university running water

But not only with regard to the admissible turbine inlet temperature only warmed up to far below its boiling point, there are advantages through the 5 must be because the enrichment of the fuel gases invention takes place by increasing the throughput due to the partial pressure of water vapor. In this way, the gas turbine or expansion turbine can whose it is possible to proportionally increase the exhaust gases with the circulating water output. Cooling these down considerably further than would be welcomed in the event of an increase in output, especially if, due to the increased amount of exhaust gas, an associated steam boiler were also used for the same purpose; but that also means that there would be a correspondingly increased exhaust gas loss. in the sense of the second law of thermodynamics. According to the invention, this is not the case, since even less valuable amounts of heat for the gases can be recovered through the circulation turbine systems, a considerable part of the waste heat.
water is fed back into the fuel gases. As a result, the inventive combination of wet cleaning

this is increased by the measures of the invention with the gas heating that immediately follows not just the performance of the gas turbine system, mung and saturation, if necessary, among other things also their efficiency. This means that a shear circuit of a mist generator is essential An improvement over gas turbine production of the finest dust or soot particles is a problem of this type according to the prior art is a particularly expedient method arrangement, with Since the idea of the invention is aimed at the saturation of the gas with the best possible results, even with combined »o help Gas-steam systems and systems with relaxation- can be carried out successfully.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (10)

Claims - as dust-free as possible, non-aggressive gas, the * temperature of which at the turbine inlet aas material reasons 1. Procedure for operating an open gas - must not exceed certain maximum values. At the turbine system with fuel gases, which are produced by operating a gas turbine system with fuel gases under pressure Gasification is generated and before entering the combustion 5 a pressure gasifier is cleaned wet with regard to the dust chamber and generally no difficulties with freedom and aggressiveness. ■ Water vapor is saturated, because these fuel gases in connection with the indicates that the fuel gases are first cleaned by pressure gasification. The cleaning Purified in a first stage using circulating water, it usually takes place using a wet method, i.e. i.e., the burning and that it is subsequently exposed to a sprinkling of water in a second stage. by means of circulating water heated by waste heat, whereby the dust adheres to the falling water droplets brought to a higher temperature and is deposited at this and rinsed out. A particularly intense one higher temperature in addition with steam cleaning is achieved in that part of the can be enriched to saturation. Water evaporates. This steam is in turn 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized marked 15 partly with the fuel gases from the cleaner that the leads required in the first stage, but partly it also condenses, the additional amount of water wholly or partly serving the dust particles as condensation nuclei . On the running water of the second stage is removed and in this way the dust particles are more difficult to remove from the circulating water of the second stage and can be separated from the combustion correspondingly larger amount of additional water »o gas. will. "With wet cleaning, the fuel gas becomes part of it 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, thereby deprived of its sensible heat and thus goes for characterized in that between the first and two lost the gas turbine plant. Fs is therefore already th stage a cooling of the fuel gases with after-proposed, the pressure gasification so too The following drop separation takes place, the »5 leading to that at the outlet saturated with water vapor resulting condensate supplied to the first stage fuel gas (unpurified raw gas) is present, and the will. Cleaning water at the same temperature level 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, hold like the fuel gases, so that no in the cleaner characterized in that the circulating water heat exchange takes place and only that in the dust the second stage through waste heat of the exhaust gas flow 30 is lost self-bound heat. is heated behind the gas turbine. In such a system, water or steam is used 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, either with the fuel to be gasified with the characterized in that for heating the gasification agent (air) or directly in the pressurized circulating water the second stage introduces waste heat from the carburetor. The water vapor content is used in the gasification process. 35 fuel gas is therefore from the management of the pressure gasification 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, dependent and cannot readily be based on the requirement thereby characterized in that the requirements of the gas turbine system are set to preheat. Make-up water and, if necessary, for partial In similar systems without saturation of the fuel gases Other heating of the circulating water, in which the water system is at the outlet from the pressure gasifier the amount of waste heat that arises is reduced to that achieved by the wet cleaning be evaluated. Saturation limited. The highest possible water 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, but steam enrichment is due to various reasons characterized in that the make-up water is desired. On the one hand, it can be a removable one Contains organic components or with oil to achieve lowering of the combustion temperature or tar is offset. 45 others, the throughput and thus the performance 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, increased stung of the gas turbine. characterized in that the exhaust gases from the gas turbine can be cooled down to below its dew point, big high gas inlet temperatures can work is and that the amounts of heat obtained by means of it are required. Take Action To The Temdes Recirculating water can be recovered. 50 lower the temperature of the combustion gases. This can 9. Application of the method according to one of the heat extraction in or behind the combustion chamber Claims 1 to 8 take place on open gas turbine systems, this heat usefully in one which combined with a steam turbine plant is used to exploit the steam process. One can be the Tempes. but also reduce the temperature of the combustion gases, 10. Application of the method according to one of the 55 that gaseous media are mixed in, namely according to claims 1 to 8 on open gas turbine systems, neither directly to the combustion gases or where there is an expansion before the combustion chamber, but also before the combustion chamber to the combustion turbine is provided. gases and the combustion air.