DE20020783U1 - Injection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling tool - Google Patents
Injection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling toolInfo
- Publication number
- DE20020783U1 DE20020783U1 DE20020783U DE20020783U DE20020783U1 DE 20020783 U1 DE20020783 U1 DE 20020783U1 DE 20020783 U DE20020783 U DE 20020783U DE 20020783 U DE20020783 U DE 20020783U DE 20020783 U1 DE20020783 U1 DE 20020783U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- injection
- injection nozzle
- fluid channel
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3402—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to avoid or reduce turbulence, e.g. with fluid flow straightening means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0078—Nozzles used in boreholes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Injektionsdüse für Hochdruckinjektionsbohrsysteme sowie HochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeugInjection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling tool
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Injektionsdüse für Hochdruckinjektionsbohrsysteme nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug mit einer derartigen Injektionsdüse nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10.The invention relates to an injection nozzle for high-pressure injection drilling systems according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a high-pressure injection drilling tool with such an injection nozzle according to the preamble of claim 10.
Mit den bekannten Hochdruckinjektionsbohrsystemen wird nach dem Abbohren eines Bohrstrangs in bis zu 30 Metern Tiefe mit über 400 bar Druck Zementschlämme ins Erdreich injiziert, um vor dem Baugrubenaushub eine wasserdichte Betonplattform zu erstellen. Dazu wird durch die Fluidleitung eines Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeuges das Fluid, nämlich die Zementschlämme, hinabgepumpt und über zumindest eine mit der Fluidleitung verbundene Injektionsdüse über das sich drehende Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug kreisförmig um dieses herumgespritzt, so daß ein kreisförmiger Betonblock entsteht. Die zu erstellende Betonplattform wird durch viele aneinandergereihte Betonblöcke gebildet, die sich gegenseitig teilweise überschneiden. Je größer derWith the well-known high-pressure injection drilling systems, cement slurry is injected into the ground at a pressure of over 400 bar after a drill string has been drilled to a depth of up to 30 meters in order to create a watertight concrete platform before the excavation of the building pit. To do this, the fluid, namely the cement slurry, is pumped down through the fluid line of a high-pressure injection drilling tool and sprayed in a circle around the rotating high-pressure injection drilling tool via at least one injection nozzle connected to the fluid line, so that a circular concrete block is created. The concrete platform to be created is formed by many concrete blocks lined up next to one another, which partially overlap each other. The larger the
• *• *
• · ♦• · ♦
Durchmesser der einzelnen Betonblöcke ist, umso weniger Bohrungen müssen niedergebracht werden, um die gewünschte Betonplattformgröße zu erhalten.diameter of the individual concrete blocks, the fewer holes need to be drilled to achieve the desired concrete platform size.
Die bekannten Injektionsdüsen, die für derartige Systeme eingesetzt werden, weisen einen Fluidkanal mit einem runden Innenquerschnitt auf. Um möglichst große Betonblöcke zu erhalten, hat man bereits ohne großen Erfolg versucht, durch Verlängerung der Injektionsdüsen bzw. des sich durch diese hindurch erstreckenden Fluidkanals den Injektionsstrahl zu bündeln, um größere Durchmesser zu erreichen.The known injection nozzles used for such systems have a fluid channel with a round internal cross-section. In order to obtain the largest possible concrete blocks, attempts have already been made, without much success, to bundle the injection jet by extending the injection nozzles or the fluid channel extending through them in order to achieve larger diameters.
Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit dem Problem, eine Injektionsdüse für Hochdruckinjektionsbohrsysteme bzw. ein Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug zu schaffen, das es ermöglicht, Betonblöcke mit möglichst großem Durchmesser zu erstellen. The invention addresses the problem of creating an injection nozzle for high-pressure injection drilling systems or a high-pressure injection drilling tool that makes it possible to produce concrete blocks with the largest possible diameter.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem durch eine Injektionsdüse mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. ein Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst.According to the invention, this problem is solved by an injection nozzle having the features of claim 1 or a high-pressure injection drilling tool having the features of claim 10.
Durch die Ausbildung des Fluidkanals im Düsenkörper mit einem unrunden Innenquerschnitt wird ein wesentlich längerer Injektionsstrahl ausgebildet, wodurch Betonblöcke größeren Durchmessers erhältlich sind.By designing the fluid channel in the nozzle body with a non-circular inner cross-section, a much longer injection jet is formed, which makes it possible to produce concrete blocks with a larger diameter.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß bei den herkömmlichen Injektionsdüsen in dem zu injizierenden Fluid durch dessen annähernd rechtwinklige Umleitung aus der FIuidleitung des Bohrgestänges in den Fluidkanal der Injektionsdüse Wirbel entstehen, durch die der Injektionsstrahl bei Verlassen der Injektionsdüse frühzeitig aufsprüht und an Wirkung verliert, so daß sich nur geringe Betonblock-It has been shown that with conventional injection nozzles, vortices are created in the fluid to be injected by its almost right-angled diversion from the fluid line of the drill rod into the fluid channel of the injection nozzle, which causes the injection jet to spray prematurely when leaving the injection nozzle and loses its effectiveness, so that only small concrete block
durchmesser ergeben. Die erfindungsgemäße unrunde Innenquerschnittsform des Fluidkanals der neuentwickelten Injektionsdüse bremst die entstandenen Wirbel innerhalb der Düse ab und bündelt so den Injektionsstrahl erheblich länger als bisher möglich, so daß deutlich größere Betonblockdurchmesser erzielt werden können und weniger Bohrungen eingebracht werden müssen, um die gleiche Betonplattformfläche abzudecken. Die Bauzeiten und Baukosten verringern sich damit erheblich.diameter. The non-circular internal cross-sectional shape of the fluid channel of the newly developed injection nozzle slows down the vortices that have formed within the nozzle and thus concentrates the injection jet for considerably longer than was previously possible, so that significantly larger concrete block diameters can be achieved and fewer holes have to be drilled to cover the same concrete platform area. Construction times and costs are therefore reduced considerably.
Besonders wirksam sind Injektionsdüsen, deren Innenquerschnitt in den Fluidkanal hineinragende Leitprofile aufweist, da diese die entstandenen Wirbel besonders gut bremsen. Bevorzugte Bauformen sind daher Injektionsdüsen mit in den Fluidkanal hereinragenden Flügeln oder keilartigen Leitprofilen, die bei aneinandergrenzender Anordnung einen sternförmigen Innenquerschnitt des Fluidkanals ergeben.Injection nozzles whose inner cross-section has guide profiles that extend into the fluid channel are particularly effective, as these slow down the resulting vortices particularly well. Preferred designs are therefore injection nozzles with wings that extend into the fluid channel or wedge-like guide profiles that, when arranged adjacent to one another, result in a star-shaped inner cross-section of the fluid channel.
Die Wirbelbrems- und Bündelungswirkung ist besonders groß, wenn die Leitprofile rippenförmig sind und sich vorzugsweise über die gesamte Düsenlänge erstrecken.The vortex braking and bundling effect is particularly great when the guide profiles are rib-shaped and preferably extend over the entire length of the nozzle.
Da die Wandungen des Fluidkanals durch die Zementschlämme einem hohen Verschleiß ausgesetzt sind, ist es vorteilhaft, den Fluidkanal in einem separaten Düseneinsatz auszubilden, der in den Düsenkörper eingesetzt und mit diesem beispielsweise durch Verschrauben, Verlöten oder Verkleben verbunden ist. Eine Fertigung des Düseneinsatzes aus Hartmetall verlängert dessen Standzeit und vermindert so eventuelle Rüstzeiten für einen Wechsel.Since the walls of the fluid channel are subject to high levels of wear from the cement slurry, it is advantageous to form the fluid channel in a separate nozzle insert that is inserted into the nozzle body and connected to it by screwing, soldering or gluing, for example. Manufacturing the nozzle insert from hard metal extends its service life and thus reduces any setup times for a change.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die im folgenden beschrieben werden; es zeigen:Further advantages and details emerge from the subclaims and embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings, which are described below; they show:
Fig. 1 ein Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug, teilweise im Schnitt,Fig. 1 a high pressure injection drilling tool, partly in section,
Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Düseneinsatz für eineFig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a nozzle insert for a
Injektionsdüse,Injection nozzle,
Fig. 3 eine Ansicht aus Richtung III auf den Gegenstand in Fig. 2 undFig. 3 is a view from direction III of the object in Fig. 2 and
Fig. 4 a - f verschiedene Innenquerschnittsformen des Fluidkanals.Fig. 4 a - f different internal cross-sectional shapes of the fluid channel.
Das in Fig. 1. dargestellte Hochdruckinjektionsbohrwerkzeug besteht aus einem Bohrgestänge 1, durch das sich eine Fluidleitung 2 hindurch erstreckt. Frontseitig an dem Bohrgestänge 1 ist eine Bohrkrone 3 angeordnet. In Fluidflußrichtung 4 vor der Bohrkrone 3 befinden sich Injektionsdüsen 5 mit einem Düsenkörper 6, in den ein Düseneinsatz 7 eingesetzt ist.The high-pressure injection drilling tool shown in Fig. 1 consists of a drill rod 1 through which a fluid line 2 extends. A drill bit 3 is arranged on the front of the drill rod 1. In the fluid flow direction 4 in front of the drill bit 3 there are injection nozzles 5 with a nozzle body 6 into which a nozzle insert 7 is inserted.
Der Düseneinsatz 7 ist in den Fig. 2 und 3 näher dargestellt. Durch den Düseneinsatz 7 erstreckt sich ein Fluidkanal 8, der - wie in Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist einen unrunden Innenquerschnitt aufweist.The nozzle insert 7 is shown in more detail in Fig. 2 and 3. A fluid channel 8 extends through the nozzle insert 7, which - as can be seen in Fig. 3 - has a non-circular inner cross-section.
Fig. 4 zeigt verschiedene unrunde Innenquerschnittsformen, die sämtlich die in dem Fluidstrahl bei der Umlenkung aus der Fluidleitung 2 in den Fluidkanal 8 entstehenden Wirbel bremsen und den Fluidstrahl dadurch bündeln.Fig. 4 shows various non-circular internal cross-sectional shapes, all of which slow down the vortices that arise in the fluid jet when it is deflected from the fluid line 2 into the fluid channel 8 and thus focus the fluid jet.
• · » · · »tut • · » · · »does
Besonders starke Bündelungseffekte ergeben sich, wenn der Fluidkanal wie bei den Ausführungsformen der Fig. 4d bis 4f in ihn hineinragende Leitprofile aufweist. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4d sind die Leitprofile 9 keilförmig und dicht an dicht angeordnet, so daß sich ein sternförmiger Innenquerschnitt ergibt. In Fig. 4e bilden die Leitprofile 9 Züge 10 und Felder 9' aus. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4f und Fig. 3 sind die Leitprofile flügelartig und ragen weit in das Innere des Fluidkanals 8 hinein. Die Wirbelbremswirkung und die damit verbundene Bündelung des Fluidstrahls ist bei dieser Ausführungsform besonders ausgeprägt. Die Zahl der Leitprofile ist dabei nicht auf drei beschränkt. Auch ein einziges Leitprofil erzielt bereits eine positive Wirkung. Ausführungsformen mit drei oder vier Leitprofilen führen aber zu einer besonders guten Bündelungen des Fluidstrahls.Particularly strong bundling effects are achieved when the fluid channel has guide profiles that protrude into it, as in the embodiments of Fig. 4d to 4f. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4d, the guide profiles 9 are wedge-shaped and arranged close together, so that a star-shaped internal cross-section is produced. In Fig. 4e, the guide profiles 9 form ridges 10 and fields 9'. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4f and Fig. 3, the guide profiles are wing-like and protrude far into the interior of the fluid channel 8. The vortex braking effect and the associated bundling of the fluid jet is particularly pronounced in this embodiment. The number of guide profiles is not limited to three. Even a single guide profile already achieves a positive effect. Embodiments with three or four guide profiles, however, lead to particularly good bundling of the fluid jet.
i \r Vi Ii I V: '- i \r Vi Ii IV: '-
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20020783U DE20020783U1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Injection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling tool |
| EP01128905A EP1213055B1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | Nozzle for high pressure injection drill system and high pressure injection drill tool |
| AT01128905T ATE364450T1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | INJECTION NOZZLE FOR HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION DRILLING SYSTEMS AND HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION DRILLING TOOL |
| ES01128905T ES2287066T3 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | NOZZLE INJECTS FOR HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION DRILLING SYSTEMS AND HIGH PRESSURE INJECTION DRILLING TOOL. |
| DE50112623T DE50112623D1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | Injection nozzle for high-pressure injection drilling systems and high-pressure injection drilling tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20020783U DE20020783U1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Injection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling tool |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE20020783U1 true DE20020783U1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
Family
ID=7949802
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20020783U Expired - Lifetime DE20020783U1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2000-12-06 | Injection nozzle for high pressure injection drilling systems and high pressure injection drilling tool |
| DE50112623T Expired - Lifetime DE50112623D1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | Injection nozzle for high-pressure injection drilling systems and high-pressure injection drilling tool |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50112623T Expired - Lifetime DE50112623D1 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2001-12-05 | Injection nozzle for high-pressure injection drilling systems and high-pressure injection drilling tool |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1213055B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE364450T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE20020783U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2287066T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1590094A4 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2009-01-21 | Spraying Systems Co | High-pressure cleaning spray nozzle |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10351893B2 (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2019-07-16 | GeneWeave Biosciences, Inc. | Reagent cartridge for detection of cells |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3207197A1 (en) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Device for producing a spray jet |
| DE3737259C1 (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-03-16 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Apparatus and method for high-pressure injection |
| DE3806407C2 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1995-08-31 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Device for producing floor sections compacted by the addition of binding or sealing agents |
| DE19747908A1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-06 | Tubag Trass Zement Stein | Nozzle for applying thin bed mortar on one side of blocks for wall production |
| WO1999058250A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Moritz, Helmut | Device for increasing the power of media flowing along a body at a high speed or a very fast moving body in a medium and use thereof as a high pressure nozzle |
| EP1046426A2 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2000-10-25 | Lechler GmbH & Co.KG | High pressure spray nozzle |
| DE19922820A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-12-07 | Innovations Gmbh As | High-pressure injection nozzle, to produce or enhance foundation or to prepare bore hole; has blocking element arranged in nozzle chamber, to remove or disrupt peripheral part of flow |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4494618A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-01-22 | Strata Bit Corporation | Drill bit with self cleaning nozzle |
| US4687066A (en) * | 1986-01-15 | 1987-08-18 | Varel Manufacturing Company | Rock bit circulation nozzle |
| US4703814A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-11-03 | Hughes Tool Company - Usa | Earth boring bit having a replaceable, threaded nozzle with wrench socket |
| US5256004A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-10-26 | Fondazioni Speciali, S.R.L. | Method of forming consolidated earth columns by injection and the relevant plant and column |
| FR2689534A1 (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1993-10-08 | Sif Entreprise Bachy | Method of producing underground waterproofing screens, screens thus produced, and jet device for implementing this method. |
-
2000
- 2000-12-06 DE DE20020783U patent/DE20020783U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-12-05 AT AT01128905T patent/ATE364450T1/en active
- 2001-12-05 DE DE50112623T patent/DE50112623D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-05 EP EP01128905A patent/EP1213055B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-05 ES ES01128905T patent/ES2287066T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3207197A1 (en) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Device for producing a spray jet |
| DE3737259C1 (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-03-16 | Bauer Spezialtiefbau | Apparatus and method for high-pressure injection |
| DE3806407C2 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1995-08-31 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Device for producing floor sections compacted by the addition of binding or sealing agents |
| DE19747908A1 (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-06 | Tubag Trass Zement Stein | Nozzle for applying thin bed mortar on one side of blocks for wall production |
| WO1999058250A1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Moritz, Helmut | Device for increasing the power of media flowing along a body at a high speed or a very fast moving body in a medium and use thereof as a high pressure nozzle |
| EP1046426A2 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2000-10-25 | Lechler GmbH & Co.KG | High pressure spray nozzle |
| DE19922820A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-12-07 | Innovations Gmbh As | High-pressure injection nozzle, to produce or enhance foundation or to prepare bore hole; has blocking element arranged in nozzle chamber, to remove or disrupt peripheral part of flow |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1590094A4 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2009-01-21 | Spraying Systems Co | High-pressure cleaning spray nozzle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2287066T3 (en) | 2007-12-16 |
| DE50112623D1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| EP1213055B1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| EP1213055A1 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
| ATE364450T1 (en) | 2007-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| R163 | Identified publications notified | ||
| R079 | Amendment of ipc main class |
Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: E21B0012000000 Ipc: E21B0007180000 |
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| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 20020606 |
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| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
Effective date: 20040113 |
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| R151 | Utility model maintained after payment of second maintenance fee after six years |
Effective date: 20061220 |
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| R152 | Utility model maintained after payment of third maintenance fee after eight years |
Effective date: 20090220 |
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| R071 | Expiry of right |