DE20002243U1 - Hand and machine-operated laser tool for machining workpieces - Google Patents

Description

Description

Hand and machine-guided laser tool for machining workpieces

The invention relates to hand- and machine-guided laser tools for machining workpieces.

Known hand-held devices for laser welding of workpieces, such as those in DE 196 36 458 (manually positioned and operated device for laser beam welding), have a relatively large processing head with internal axes or scanners in order to produce a weld seam that is sufficiently large in length and cross-section. The opening for the vertically guided laser beam corresponds to the range of the built-in axes and covers several cm ² . Universal applicability for other processes is not given.

A laser beam tilted by up to 5° is used in machine-guided laser heads to avoid damage caused by the reflected beam, for example when processing aluminum. The entire laser head is swiveled, including the blowing gas nozzle. A combination of laser and liquid jet has so far been achieved by reflecting the laser beam into a water jet of medium pressure. The water jet is used as an optical fiber. This requires complex devices. The welding goggles used so far have LCD elements for quickly darkening the observation window. An indirect visualization of the technological process using screens integrated into the goggles is not known.

The invention specified in claims 1 and 20 is based on the problem of observing the processing point during the processing process with hand- and machine-guided laser tools and/or enabling the laser processing of a workpiece.

This problem is solved by the features set out in claims 1 and 20.

The hand- and machine-operated laser tool for processing workpieces is characterized in particular by the fact that the laser beam for welding, coating, hardening or cutting workpieces falls on the processing point at an angle greater than or equal to 5° and less than or equal to 45°. This makes it possible to create a decoupling of observation/detection of the processing point and the processing and/or other processing technologies. Due to the laser beam being picked up at an angle as a processing beam, the vertical axis opposite the processing point remains free for observation/detection and/or further processing.

Further processing involves, for example, a gas or liquid jet falling vertically through a nozzle onto the processing point, through which the material of the workpiece melted by the laser beam is pushed out of the cutting joint. The vertical positioning of the nozzle required for this in the laser tool guarantees cutting surfaces that are perpendicular to the workpiece surface.

A further advantage is that the beam reflected from the processing point can be further processed in a defined manner by an optical element. The beam can be used, for example, to create a double focus (welding aluminum) or to preheat and post-heat the processing point (welding brittle materials) by designing the optical element in different ways. Damage to the tool when processing highly reflective materials is avoided.

A radiation sensor integrated in the optical element generates a signal as a direct measure for controlling the energy converted at the processing point by forming a difference with a scattered radiation sensor positioned in the beam path in front of the processing point. This means that the energy input during processing can be controlled very precisely, for example via an integrated microcomputer as a control and/or regulating device. Compared to known devices, the deflection mirror is omitted. The decoupling of observation and processing means that the reflected laser beam does not hit the image recording system in the form of a camera, for example. A resulting

The destruction of this image recording system is prevented.

The decoupling of the two processing technologies in the form of laser beam processing and processing with flowing media means that no technological limitations, e.g. with regard to pressure or diameter, need to be observed for the flowing media due to the absence of optical elements. The diameter of the nozzle for the flowing medium can be selected independently of the focus diameter of the laser beam; in particular, very small nozzle diameters can be achieved.

The design of the laser tool is also characterized by its simple implementation, so that it can be easily guided by hand or mounted on a machine, e.g. a robot.

The laser tool, which is connected to glasses, is particularly characterized by the fact that the operator or worker can observe it without any risk. This is particularly important for hand-held processing operations. Expensive observation windows with protective coatings that are otherwise used for laser protection are no longer required. Another advantage of the device is that it can be worn and attached to the head, leaving the hands free to carry out and control the processing process.

The image recording system in the form of a camera, for example, is located directly in the laser tool, and the processing area can also be made illuminated, among other things. This means that the processing process can be observed directly on site and according to the position of the laser tool in relation to the workpiece. Bodies can be processed according to their geometry. At the same time, corrections can be made immediately. This makes the device particularly suitable for bodies with a complicated structure that can preferably only be processed by hand, or for one-off items that can be processed both by hand and by machine.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 19, 21 and 22.

The pivoting disc in the optical axis of the laser beam in beam direction after the

The device in the laser tool that generates, couples out or shapes laser beams according to the embodiment of claim 2 leads to an oscillating movement of the laser beam transverse to the direction of the guide movement. This is particularly advantageous when welding, where a wide laser beam can be used to bridge larger edge irregularities on the bodies to be welded while maintaining the same travel movement. This is particularly advantageous for both a hand-held and a machine-guided laser tool. In the second case, the accuracy requirement for the machine, e.g. a robot, is not so high, so that a significant cost saving is achieved.

Above all, the realization of all optical beam-guiding and/or beam-forming devices from plastic or the design as Fresnel optics according to the development of claim 3 leads to a very light laser tool, which is particularly important for a hand-held laser tool. This suppresses rapid fatigue of the operator. A higher level of dynamics can be achieved when operating the machine.

An elliptically formed exit point of the laser beam of the laser tool according to the development of claim 4 allows optimal adaptation to the inclined laser beam.

The attachment of the image display device to or the integration of it into the laser tool according to the development of claim 5 is particularly advantageous for a hand-held laser tool. This enables the operator to constantly observe the processing point he has selected in accordance with the geometry of the workpieces to be processed and to react to special conditions during processing. Externally arranged image display devices are particularly advantageous for a machine-guided laser tool. This is, for example, part of a complex operating device of the machine itself or with several components of a monitoring station.

The further developments according to claim 6 enable the defined removal/cooling of the rays reflected from the processing point or the generation of a second

Focus on improving the weld pool dynamics or generating an extended temperature field around the weld to reduce mechanical stresses remaining in the weld induced by a strong temperature gradient.

Temperature sensors and/or cooling devices according to the development of claim 7 make it possible to monitor the temperature of the optical element and/or to dissipate heat in a defined manner. This results in thermal stabilization of the element.

The material emerging from the powder nozzle according to the development of claim 8 is used in particular for welding or build-up welding with the supply of additional material to the welding point. The powder nozzle is advantageously arranged in the direction of movement in front of the processing point or as a double nozzle on the side.

The arrangement of the exit point of the powder nozzle in the beam path of the rays reflected from the processing point according to the development of claim 9 advantageously leads to the impinging powder being both preheated and dried again at the same time. The supply of oxygen, which causes oxidation, into the weld seam is further restricted. This further reduces mechanical stresses in the weld seam.

A combination of the image recording system with a blowing gas device according to the development of claim 10 serves to protect the image recording system from substances escaping from the processing point. Furthermore, it is thus possible to simultaneously blow inert gas into the laser tool to protect the processing point, in particular from oxygen. This gas can advantageously be used simultaneously as a coolant for the image recording system or the entire laser tool, in particular the optical components.

A lighting fixture in the laser tool for the processing point according to the development of claim 11 serves to illuminate this so that the image quality is increased

and the processing point before and after the actual processing process
can be.

The nozzle according to the development of claim 12 serves, together with the pressure-increasing device, to increase the exit speed of the liquids or gases stored in a storage container, which serve in particular to blow out or blow off the material of the workpieces melted by the laser beam. This also allows thick
Workpieces can be cut with the laser beam and the cutting joint is effectively cut with water, for example
coolable.

The fiber connector according to the embodiment of claim 13 prevents contamination of the optical elements of the laser tool, since deposited on the flap
Dirt cannot get inside.

The further development according to claim 14 allows the tool to be guided during manual operation.

The further developments of claim 15 make it possible to feed the laser tool evenly when operated manually. The flywheel compensates for natural deviations in speed as far as possible. In conjunction with a differential, an even feed rate is achieved.
Cornering speed guaranteed.

The speed measuring device according to the development of claim 16 allows a measuring device for the processing speed of the laser tool that is not complicated to implement. If the speed of the differential decreases, the average speed is automatically recorded when cornering.

According to the development of claim 17, the control and/or regulating device is provided with the radiation sensor, the laser beam generating device, the temperature sensor, the thermostat or the cooling device, the transport mechanism for the powder, the
Pressure increasing or at least constant holding device and the speed

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measuring device. This provides the user with a compact laser tool. This fact is further supported by the further development of protection claim 18 through the operating device arranged on the laser tool.

With the software in the control and/or regulating device according to the further development of claim 19, which controls and/or regulates the laser power, the gas jet, the liquid jet and the powder flow in accordance with the processing speed, the coupling conditions of the workpiece and the specifications on the operating device, the quality of the processing is significantly increased on the one hand and the demands on the operator are reduced on the other. This fact significantly supports the universal character of the application of the laser tool. At the same time, consistent qualities of the processing point can be achieved.

Using glasses with a semi-transparent lens according to the development of claim 21, the user is able to observe not only the processing location but also his surroundings. The image of the processing location is made available to the user regardless of the position of the head in relation to this processing location. The use is particularly advantageous in hard-to-reach places where only the laser tool or a processing head can be inserted.

An additional image recording and processing system on the glasses also allows the user's surroundings to be projected onto the image display device in the glasses. This allows the user to observe further movements of the processing device and/or the laser tool at the same time as the processing location. Furthermore, the processing area can also be monitored so that unintentional entry is largely avoided.

According to the further development of claim 22, different advantageous forms of displaying the images of both the processing location and other locations in the room are possible using two or only one image display device. The device can be implemented depending on the user's practice. The images can be displayed next to each other or one inside the other. At the same time, it is possible to show the user the images one after the other. The length of the display can be selected by the user. This makes it possible to observe the

For example, you can briefly interrupt the processing process and observe your surroundings depending on your head position.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in principle in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

Fig. 1 a representation of a laser tool,

Fig. 2 a representation of a laser tool with a powder feed through an optical element,

Fig. 3 a lateral powder feed to the processing point, Fig. 4 a laser tool with water or gas jet,

Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a device for monitoring the processing point and
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a device for observing the processing location and the surrounding area.

1. Example

The hand- and machine-operated laser tool for processing workpieces 1 consists in a first embodiment, which is used primarily for welding or hardening, of a housing 7 in which a device 4 for coupling and shaping laser beams, an image recording system and a blowing gas nozzle 10 are arranged. A device 2 for generating laser beams is in a first embodiment a fiber-guided high-performance diode laser.

In a second embodiment, a fiber-guided Nd:YAG high-power laser is used.

The fiber connector 3 of the laser tool prevents contamination of the optical elements of the laser tool by means of a flap that opens outwards when the fiber connector coming from the laser is inserted, since dirt deposited on the flap cannot get inside. The devices 4 that couple and shape the laser beams are placed in the housing 7 in such a way that the laser beams are directed obliquely at an angle of 30° over a

Exit opening 6 in the housing 7 meets the processing point 8. This exit opening 6 has the shape of an ellipse.

The optical input of at least one image recording system in the form of a camera 9 and a blowing gas nozzle 10 is located vertically and at a distance above the outlet opening 6 and thus above the processing point 8. Two cameras 9 are arranged in the housing 7 to record a stereo image of the processing point 8. The camera/cameras 9 is/are combined with the blowing gas device.

For optimal illumination of the processing point 8, particularly before and after the processing process, a lighting fixture is located in the housing 7 of the laser tool. The wavelength of the lighting fixture depends on the desired image of the processing point 8. The lighting fixture is not shown in Fig. 1 for the sake of simplicity.

In the optical axis of the laser beam 5 in the beam direction after the laser or the devices 4, there is a pivotable disk 15 in the housing 7 of the laser tool, which consists of plastic or glass. A drive 16 in the form of an electromagnet, a piezo oscillator or a stepper motor is attached to the disk 15. With the pendulum movement of the disk 15 relative to the laser or the devices 4, the emerging laser beam 5 oscillates transversely to the direction of movement. This means that this laser beam 5 is very suitable not only for welding but also for hardening. Fig. 1 shows the principle of a laser tool designed in this way.

A beam trap in the form of a movable flap is arranged on the exit opening 6 of the laser beams 5 of the laser tool. This flap is moved mechanically via a movable ring or pin coupled to it. Advantageously, when the laser tool is placed on the workpiece 1, the ring or pin is pushed into the housing 7 so that the flap is opened at the same time. The ring sitting on the workpiece 1 also serves as radiation protection. This is coated with a diamond-like carbon in order to improve the sliding properties and reduce wear. An optical element 18 is integrated in the flap, which absorbs the reflected residual radiation 17 from the processing point 8. Either a beam trap, a focusing mirror or a scattering mirror can be used as the optical element 18. The individual optical elements 18 are designed to be interchangeable. For welding with a defined

A cooled beam trap is used for the laser power introduced at point 8. When welding aluminum, a focusing mirror is used to create a second focus and enlarge the resulting vapor capillary. This results in better outgassing of the processing point and produces a high-quality weld seam. When welding brittle-hard materials (e.g. ceramics) or during hardening, a scattering mirror is used. This reduces the resulting temperature gradient, which leads to fewer cracks during welding or to an increase in the hardening speed with a longer holding time. The optical element 18 is also connected to a temperature sensor 19 and a cooling or thermostatting device. The temperature sensor 19 either supplies an electrical voltage equivalent to the temperature or causes an electrical current change in an electrical circuit so that the cooling or thermostatting device can be controlled.

A radiation sensor 20, which is also integrated in the optical element 18, generates a signal as a direct measure for controlling the energy converted at the processing point 8 by forming a difference with a scattered radiation sensor 11 positioned in the beam path in front of the processing point 8. This means that the introduction of energy during processing can be regulated and controlled very precisely.

The image recording system in the form of the camera 9 is connected via an image processing system 12 to at least one screen as an image display device 13. When implementing a hand-held laser tool provided with a handle 24, the image display device 13 is a component of the laser tool itself and is either integrated into the housing 7 or is located on the side and/or foldable on the housing 7 of the laser tool.

In a machine-guided laser tool, the image display device 13 is located separately on the machine as an external device. A robot, for example, is used as the machine.

The device 2 that generates the laser beams, the drive 16 for the disk 15, the temperature sensor 19, the radiation sensors 20, the cooling or thermostating device, the gas supply and the lighting fixture are connected to a control or regulating device in the form of a microcomputer. This is conveniently integrated in the housing 7 of the laser tool, especially in the hand-held variant. The microcomputer

■ ■ · · ■·

is also part of the image processing system 12. This means that the internal and/or external components of the laser tool can be controlled or regulated using software. The implemented software controls the laser power according to the processing speed, the coupling conditions of the workpiece 1 and the specifications for the operating device. The operating device is clearly visible above the handle 24. The type of material (e.g. steel, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.) and the material thickness can be preset on the operating device. The implemented software contains technology data so that the laser power can be calculated and regulated accordingly. There is a display on the operating device which shows whether the operator is within the control range required for processing the workpiece 1. The display consists of one green and two red light-emitting semiconductor diodes, for example. If the speed is too low or too high, the red light-emitting semiconductor diodes light up.

In Fig. 1, a laser tool realized in this way is shown in principle, whereby the operating device is not shown.

To ensure easy and fatigue-free handling of the laser tool, a guide device, particularly in the form of a carriage or a double roller 14, is attached in the feed direction after the exit point of the laser beam 5. The carriage is coated with a diamond-like carbon. In the double rollers 14 there is a flywheel to compensate for speed fluctuations and/or a differential to measure the resulting speed when cornering. The device for measuring the speed is connected to the microcomputer.

To increase laser safety, the laser tool is fitted with an approval button that can be operated with a finger. The laser beam can only be triggered after or when the approval button is pressed. This is connected to the microcomputer.

In another variant, the position of the flap as a jet trap can be detected via a motion sensor or in the open or closed state via a stop switch. This sensor is connected to the microcomputer.

2. Example

In a second embodiment, which is primarily used for powder deposition welding, the hand- and machine-operated laser tool for machining workpieces 1 consists of a housing 7 in which a device 4 for coupling and shaping laser beams and at least one powder nozzle 22 are arranged.

The device 2 that generates laser beams is a fiber-guided high-performance diode laser. This or the device 4 that couples and shapes the laser beams are placed in the housing in such a way that the laser beams 5 impinge on the processing point 8 at the smallest possible angle via an exit opening 6 in the housing 7. The smallest possible angle is defined by the focal length and aperture of the imaging optics and the condition that no radiation components are to be reflected back into the optics. The exit opening 6 has the shape of an ellipse.

An optical element 18 is integrated into the path of the beam 17 reflected from the processing point 8. This can be either a beam trap, a focusing mirror or a dispersing mirror. It is also connected to a temperature sensor 19 and a cooling or thermostating device. The temperature sensor 19 either supplies an electrical voltage equivalent to the temperature or causes an electrical current change in an electrical circuit so that the cooling or thermostating device can be controlled. An additionally attached radiation sensor 20 is used to measure the laser radiation 17 reflected back from the processing point 8.

Furthermore, at least one powder nozzle 22 pointing in the direction of the processing point 8 is arranged in the housing 7 of the laser tool. This is connected to a powder container via a hose connection as a supply line 21 for the powder and a powder conveyor device. The powder nozzle 22 can also be designed in such a way that it can be moved in the direction of the processing point 8.

In a first variant, the powder nozzle 22 is located in the beam path of the reflected radiation 17 of the processing point 8. The supply line 21 of the powder can be guided either through the optical element 18 or from the side. The powder nozzle 22, which is advantageously made of copper or a high-melting material, is heated by the reflected radiation 17. This leads to preheating and resulting drying of the emerging powder. This is achieved by the movement of the powder in the reflected

·

Radiation 17 is further increased. This makes it possible to weld high-melting powder layers onto workpieces 1 made of low-melting material. Fig. 2 shows a basic illustration.

In a second variant, there are two rectangular powder nozzles 22 on the two long sides of the elliptical laser beam spot. Both powder nozzles 22 are directed at the laser beam spot and can be moved lengthwise, so that the processing spot can be adjusted according to the processing speed to be achieved. The opposing arrangement allows the powder to be processed very effectively, since the powder reflected on the surface of the workpiece 1 is practically held at the processing point 8 by the opposing powder jet. This enables work with high powder yields and high application rates. This variant is shown in Fig. 3.

In a third variant, the powder is fed through a nozzle located in the middle of the housing. In this arrangement, the powder mainly serves to support the welding process.

The laser tool can be operated either by hand or by machine. In the first case, a handle 24 is attached to the laser tool. A robot, for example, is used as a machine.

The device 2 that generates the laser beams, the temperature sensor 19, the radiation sensors 20, the cooling or thermostating device and the powder conveying device are connected to a control or regulating device in the form of a microcomputer. This is expediently integrated in the housing 7 of the laser tool, particularly in the hand-held variant. This means that the internal and/or external components of the laser tool can be controlled or regulated using software. The implemented software controls the laser power and the powder flow according to the processing speed, the coupling conditions of the workpiece 1 and the specifications for the operating device. To ensure easy and fatigue-free handling of the laser tool, a guide device, particularly in the form of a carriage or a double roller 14, is attached in the feed direction after the exit point of the laser beam. These are designed so that the applied weld seam is not touched.

3. Example

In a third embodiment, which is used primarily for cutting, the hand- and machine-operated laser tool for machining workpieces 1 consists of a housing 7 in which a laser beam coupling and shaping device 4 and a high-pressure nozzle 23 are arranged.

The device 2 generating laser beams is preferably a high-power diode laser. This or the device 4 coupling and shaping the laser beams are placed in the housing 7 in such a way that the laser beams 5 impinge on the processing point 8 at an angle of between > 10° and < 15° via an exit opening 6 in the housing 7. This exit opening 6 has the shape of an ellipse.

An optical element 18 that processes the reflected residual radiation 17 from the processing point 8 is integrated in the housing 7. This is designed as a focusing mirror. The focus is directed at the processing point 8.

The high-pressure nozzle 23 in the housing 7 opposite the processing point 8 is connected to a storage container for the liquids or gases via a device that increases the quantity and speed of liquids or gases. Such devices are, for example, pumps for liquids or compressors for gases.

In a first variant, water is used as a medium to support the cutting process. The high-pressure nozzles 23 used deliver a water jet with a diameter of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm. The water pressure is 100 bar to 1000 bar, depending on the material to be cut. Water that collects in the laser tool is sucked out using an additional device. The optics that come into contact with the resulting water vapor are blown free using a device.

The additional high-pressure water jet creates a combination of water jet and laser cutting. Plastics in particular can be processed without burning.

In a second variant, inert gas, preferably nitrogen, is used as a medium to support the cutting process. The pressure range of the gas used is equal to/greater than 50 and less than/equal to 200 bar, so that a simple bottle pressure reducer can be used for processing. The greatly increased pressure compared to that previously used for high-pressure cutting significantly improves the cutting quality.

The laser tool can be operated either by hand or with a machine. A handle 24 is attached to the laser tool for manual processing. A robot, for example, can be used as a machine.

The device 2 that generates the laser beams and the gas supply, including the device that increases the pressure of the liquids or gases or at least keeps it constant, are connected to a control or regulating device in the form of a microcomputer. This is conveniently integrated in the housing 7 of the laser tool, particularly in the hand-held variant. This means that the internal and/or external components of the laser tool can be controlled or regulated using software. The laser power and the gas jet or the liquid jet are controlled via the implemented software in accordance with the processing speed, the coupling conditions of the workpiece 1 and the specifications for the operating device. Fig. 4 shows a basic illustration of a laser tool implemented in this way.

For easy and fatigue-free handling of the laser tool, a guide device, in particular in the form of a carriage or a double roller 14, is attached in the feed direction after the exit point 6 of the laser beam. A flywheel and/or a differential is located in the double rollers 14.

4. Example

In a fourth embodiment, the laser tool is designed in accordance with the first embodiment. The camera 9 of the laser tool is coupled to an external and portable image display device 13 in glasses 25. Fig. 5 shows a principle of such a device.

The camera 9 is connected to an image processing system 12 so that the image data is available for wired or wireless transmission. This image processing system 12 is spatially coupled to the camera 9 and arranged in or on the laser tool. In one variant, this is the microcomputer of the first embodiment. The processed image of the processing point 8 is sent to an image display device 13. This is, for example, a liquid crystal display 26 which is incorporated in the glasses 25 in such a way that it can be perceived by at least one eye of the operator. The glasses 25 are simultaneously protective glasses for laser radiation. These are either opaque for the operator

or semi-transparent. In the first case, the liquid crystal display 26 can be designed so that the image of the processing point 8 can be seen through both eyes of the operator. In the second case, the operator is able to observe the processing point 8 with one eye and the surroundings with the other eye.

In a further variant of the exemplary embodiment, two cameras 9 are mounted in the laser tool at an angle corresponding to that of the human eye. The image is reproduced using glasses 25, which have a separate liquid crystal display 26 for each eye of a viewer. Such an arrangement enables full spatial vision, which represents a significant gain in information for the operator.

5. Implementation example

The laser tool of a fifth embodiment corresponds to that of the first embodiment. The image display device 13 is housed in glasses 25. Fig. 6 shows a principle of such a device.

A camera 9 is located in the housing 7 of the laser tool and records the image of the processing point 8. In one embodiment, the recording can be supported by an integrated lighting. The camera 9 is connected to an image processing system 12 so that these image data are available for wired or wireless transmission. This image processing system 12 is spatially coupled to the camera 9 and arranged in or on the laser tool.

A further image recording system in the form of a portable camera 27 is attached either to a headband or to the glasses 25 so that the operator's field of vision is recorded. The portable camera 27 is connected to a further image processing system so that these image data are also available for wired or wireless transmission.

The first processed image of the processing location 8 and the second processed image of the surroundings are sent to at least one image display device 13. This is, for example, a liquid crystal display 26 which is incorporated in the glasses 25.

In a first embodiment of the exemplary embodiment, two liquid displays 26 are mounted in the glasses 25 such that each is perceived with one eye.

t ·

In a second embodiment, the image of the processing location 8 and the image of the surroundings are sent to a liquid crystal display 26 arranged in the glasses 25. The images can be displayed on the liquid crystal display 26 in the following variants:

- spatially separated next to each other or inside each other or

- one after the other, whereby the time of display of the respective first or second image can be specified.

The glasses 25 are also protective glasses for laser radiation. These are opaque for the operator so that he can concentrate on the images. In one embodiment of this example, the portable camera 27 is particularly sensitive to infrared radiation according to the laser wavelength used. This makes it possible to constantly see the scattered radiation released by the laser tool during processing and to stop processing in dangerous situations.

Claims (22)

1. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool for machining workpieces, characterized in that a device which either generates ( 2 ) or couples ( 4 ) laser beams and at least one further shaping device are arranged in the laser tool in such a way that the laser beams ( 5 ) fall obliquely at an angle greater than or equal to 5° and less than or equal to 45° deviating from the vertical onto the machining point ( 8 ), that an optical element ( 18 ) with a radiation sensor ( 20 ) is arranged in the beam path of the beams ( 17 ) reflected from the machining point ( 8 ) at the same angle, that a radiation sensor ( 11 ) is arranged in the beam path in front of the machining point ( 8 ), that at least the radiation sensors ( 20 , 11 ) and the device which generates laser beams ( 2 ) are connected to a control and/or regulating device arranged in the laser tool, and that the optical input of at least one image recording system and/or at least one Nozzle is arranged at a distance and not in the axis of the laser beam ( 5 ) above the processing point ( 8 ). 2. Hand and machine-operable laser tool according to protection claim 1, characterized in that in the optical axis of the laser beam ( 5 ) in the beam direction after the device ( 4 ) which either generates ( 2 ) or couples in laser beams, a disk ( 15 ) made of an optically transparent material or a focusing optics is arranged in the laser tool and that the disk ( 15 ) or the focusing optics are arranged pivotably relative to the device ( 4 ) which either generates ( 2 ) or couples in laser beams. 3. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that on the one hand the disk ( 15 ) is made of plastic and on the other hand the laser beam coupling device ( 4 ) and the focusing optics are made of glass or that the disk ( 15 ), the focusing optics, the laser beam coupling device and/or the further shaping device ( 4 ) are made of plastic and/or that the laser beam coupling device and/or the shaping device ( 4 ) are designed as Fresnel optics. 4. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the exit opening ( 6 ) of the laser beam ( 5 ) of the laser tool is elliptical. 5. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to protection claim 1, characterized in that the image recording system is connected to at least one image display device ( 13) via an image processing system (12 ) and that the image display device ( 13 ) is a component of the laser tool, is attached to the laser tool and/or is an external device. 6. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical element ( 18 ) is designed as a beam trap, focusing mirror or scattering mirror. 7. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the optical element ( 18 ) is connected to a temperature sensor ( 19 ) and/or either a cooling or a thermostatting device. 8. Hand- and machine-guided laser tool according to protection claim 1, characterized in that the laser tool contains at least one powder nozzle ( 22 ) pointing in the direction of the processing point ( 8 ) and that this is connected via a transport mechanism to a powder container arranged externally or integrated in the laser tool. 9. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the supply line ( 21 ) for the powder is located in the optical element ( 18 ) and/or that the exit point of the powder nozzle ( 22 ) is arranged in the beam path of the beams ( 17 ) reflected from the processing point ( 8 ). 10. Hand and machine-operable laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the image recording system is combined with a blowing gas device ( 10 ). 11. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a lighting body for the processing point ( 8 ) is located in the laser tool. 12. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is connected to a storage container for liquids or gases via a device which increases the pressure of liquids or gases or at least keeps it constant. 13. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser beam coupling device ( 4 ) is designed as a fiber connector ( 3 ) with a flap that can be opened outwards. 14. Hand- and machine-guided laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a guide device, in particular in the form of a carriage or a double roller ( 14 ), is attached to the laser tool in the feed direction after the exit opening ( 6 ) of the laser beam ( 5 ). 15. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claim 14, characterized in that a flywheel and/or a differential are integrated into the double rollers ( 14 ). 16. Hand- and machine-operable laser tool according to claim 14, characterized in that the double rollers ( 14 ) are coupled to a speed measuring device. 17. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the control and/or regulating device is additionally connected to the temperature sensor, the thermostatting or cooling device, the transport mechanism for the powder, the pressure-increasing or at least constant-holding device and the speed-measuring device. 18. Hand and machine-fillable laser tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and/or regulating device is connected to an operating device arranged on the laser tool. 19. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claims 1, 17 and 18, characterized in that software controlling and/or regulating the laser power, the gas jet, the liquid jet and the powder flow in accordance with the processing speed, the coupling conditions of the workpiece ( 1 ) and the specifications on the operating device is implemented in the control and/or regulating device. 20. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool for processing workpieces, in particular according to protection claim 1, characterized in that on the one hand the optical input of at least one image recording system or on the other hand the optical input of at least one image recording system and a nozzle are arranged at a distance above the processing point ( 8 ), that the image recording system is connected via an image processing system ( 12 ) to at least one image display device ( 13 ) that can be worn in front of at least one eye of an operator and that the image display device ( 13 ) is located in a pair of glasses that protect the operator from the laser beams ( 5 ) or that the image display device ( 13 ) is the protective glasses ( 25 ). 21. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to protection claim 20, characterized in that the glasses ( 25 ) have a semi-transparent pane or that an image recording system recording the field of vision of the operator is additionally attached to the glasses ( 25 ) and that this image recording system is connected to the image display device ( 13 ) or a further image display device via an image processing system. 22. Hand- and machine-operated laser tool according to claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the image display device ( 13 ) is an image display device ( 13 ) which displays the images of the image recording systems simultaneously and spatially separately or one after the other.